Zond ST2 D

(, ).
: - , MASW, ,
.
ZONDST2D
Zond geophysical software

Saint-Petersburg 2001-2012

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I : .......................................................................................... 47
II : ............................................................................................ 49
III : ................................................................................................... 51
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Cell summarization ............................................................................................................................ 65

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Attenuation tomography ........................................................................................................ 91

Layered inversion ................................................................................................................... 93
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MASW ................................................................................................................................... 101
1: .................................................................................. 112
2: .................................................................................................. 113
3: ........................................................................ 115
4: ......................................................................................................... 116
5: ............................................................. 120
6: ....................................... 122
7: ...................................................................... 123

ZONDST2D
.

.
.
.
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(Shortest paths method).
.

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ZONDST2D
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IBM PC- Windows.
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, [ .., ..
. 2006].

ZONDST2D - .
.
: www.zond-geo.ru.
-
. ,
.

SenseLock. SenseLock (
-, ) InstWiz3.exe.
. ,
.
.

10

Registration file. ,
.
, ,
, Registration .
, SenseLock.
, USB.

ZONDST2D
Windows 98 . : P IV-2 ,
512 , 1024 x 768, -True color. (
).

, Windows XP,
( ).

( , )
.
.
.

11

.
SEG-Y.
(.1),
Trace editor
. 1. Trace editor.
(),

().

SEG-Y
. Show parameters for every file.

12
Yes, ,
,
( ).
SEG-Y
Settings/File options (
.

. ( - ):
SEG-Y
.
.
.
.
.

.
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,
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/ .

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13
[SHIFT]

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.

:
File
Open SEG-Y/Project
File
Add to project
File
Save project


SEG-Y .
.
.

14
.
.
File
Project information
File
Close project
File
Print preview
File
Import topography
ZondST2D (
).
File
Smooth topography
File
Run MASW module
MASW.
File
Run MASW for

groups
Settings
Image options
Settings
Image visible
Settings
Working rect
Settings
Graphics options
Settings
Background color
Settings
File options
Settings
Scaling options
MASW .

.
,
.
.

.

.

.
.
, :
Settings
Units
, , , ,
.
Settings
Set sample time
Settings
Cross-hole survey
.
,
.
.
Tools
Set working area

15
For next shots,

.
Tools
Select all
Tools
Filtering
Tools
Undo filtering
.
.
Tools
Rotate plot

.
.
.
Tools
Picking mode

. [SHIFT]

.
/
.
Tools
Zoom mode
.

.
Tools
Display cross
Tools
Edit source pos
Options
Delete current shot
Options
Delete empty shots
Options
Delete dead traces
Options
Seismogram
summarization
Options Trace summarization

Options
Sort shots by

,
.

.
.
,
.
.
,
Multi Shot.
,
Multi Shot.
.
16
filename
Options
Sort shots by
position
Options
Options
Sort trace by offset

Collect amplitudes
shot
Options
Collect amplitudes
all
Options
Copy trace
Options
Paste trace
Options
Reciprocity error
Options
Options
Options
Average reciprocity
points
Correct Start times
Correct by
calculated data
Options
Smooth hodographs
Options
Trace autocorrection
Options
Undo action
Options
Delete hodograph
.

.
,
.
,
.
.

.
,
.
.
.
(
) .
.

.
.
.

Settings/File options
SEG-Y
(.2).
SEG-Y ,
.
17
. 2. Program setup, SEG-Y.

Automatic .
- .
Forward byte order - .
.
Samples number .
Samples interval ( ).
IEEE/IBM PC/UNIX.
IEEE/IBM Forward byte order.
Sort by name/data
.
One file-One seismogram -
.
Processing .
- ( - FFT
DFT).

. to null
, to maximum ,
to minimum - , to extremum -
.

18
Style :
t0 t0.

SEG-Y ,
.
(1,2,3),
Hodographs (
).
Set source positions, Tools/Edit source pos
- (.3).
dx dz
X Z.
X Sx+dx Z
Sz+dz. Sx Sz
Sx ,
[SHIFT] Sx ,
.
. 3. Set source positions.

19
Rx, Rz Sx, Sz
Table .
Hodographs
*.crd.
- ,
, (
).

.

/
( ).
, , ,
(. 4 A).

. , ,
(. 4 B).
. 4. .

Settings/Scaling options
(. 5).
,
.
20
Norm style .
Common
maximum
.
Trace maximum - .
. 5. Scaling options.
Clipping
, .
Maximum Minimum ,
.
By start data ,
() .
Autoscaling .
, .
Pixel for trace (
) Pixel for sample ( ).
Start time (
) . / ,
.
.

21

Settings/Graphics options
(.6).
Trace ,
. Primary Additional
( Multi)
.
Negative Positive
(Fill color , Transparent ).
.6. Graphics settings.

Line color . Active line color
. Display line - ,
.
Hodograph
. Current, Previous, Next, Reciprocity,
Calculated , , ,
.
( ).
22
[Colors] (
1: ).

.
Tools/Rotate plot 90 (.7).
.7. .
, ,
,
Settings/Image visible (.8). , Color

palette Settings/Image options (.9).
. 8. .

23
. 9. Color palette.

:
-
- Options/Sort shots by filename;
- Options/Sort shots by position;
- Options/Sort trace by offset.

Table
( ).

Multi (
).
Start
time Scaling options Hodograph

( ) . /
, .
.

Hodograph (
).

Selecting
. ,
24
,
Multi Shot Options/Trace summarization.
Options/Copy trace Paste trace
.
Picking mode
.
. [SHIFT]
.
, (
Trace editor
) .

.
:
Selecting
+ Picking mode
+ Graphics settings
Hodographs, Reciprocity.
, Hodograph
Graphics setting (
).

[TRL]+[ALT]+ .
(, )
[CTRL]+[Z].

. C
Hodograph

FirstTomo XTomo.

25
Table

(.10).
.10. Table.
Sx Sz
.
Set source positions (
).

.
.
For next shots ()
.
.
V / .
, .
26
Rx
.
.
Rz .

.
Gain .

. , (
) .
.
For next shots .
Dead .
.
t,ms
( ).
Array (.11).
.11. Array.

27
.

. Hodographs.
[CTRL]+

.
Hodographs
.
.
(.12).
.12. Hodographs.

.
[SHIFT].

[SHIFT].
. .
( )
, . .
- :

28
Laccolite god file
Laccolite god directory
.
.
ST/SRT.
ST/SRT files
XTomo.
XTomo file
.

.
(: 1 , 2 ,
Coordinates
3 ..),
Coordinates.
: X Z X Z.
- :
Laccolite god file
Laccolite directory
.
.
XTomo
XTOMO file
FIRSTOMO file
DOGSTOMO3D

FirstTomo.

DogsTomo3D.
*.crd (
Crd file
- .
- .
, .

29
. /
, .
.
Table
Array, ,
. Array
, . [ALT]+

Hodographs.
Multi
(.13). , ,
.
.
.
.13. Multi.

30
Type . One
. Source -
(,
).
, . All -
.
, . Reciprocity
( ).

,
Seg-Y Seg2. ,
.
(
). ( )
Edit source pos ( ).
,
(, , ).
, ,
. S
.
Multi. 2
.
, ,
Source.
, Shot. (/)
.
,

. ,
, .

31
.
, .
( )
, .
.
Reciprocity , ,
.
, ,
.

ZondST2D

, ,
.

,
, . /
.
[SHIFT] (
, ,
).
().
,
: , ,
.

.
.
( )
32
( [SHIFT]). /
.
.

. ( [SHIFT]),
,
.
Trace
autocorrelation

.

( ).
. (
)
50-60 . ,
(
Correct Start times) .
, .
.
, :
1. (
).
2.
. Reciprocity error.
3. ( Correct
Start times) .
4. .
5. .

. ,

33
.
( ).

. ZondST2D ,
.
. Fourier
transform .
. All traces
, - .
(
). / .
(
( ))
.
(
).
,
.

34
. All shots.
Wavelet denoising
. ,
, :
Wavelet type .
Wavelet order ( ).
Decomposition level
. ,
.

ZONDST2D
(Create survey)

, ,
,
. ZONDST2D :
XTOMO.
.
, ZONDST2D,
*.ST ( ).
Zond data file
Zond.
Program configuration
, ( TAB
SPACE)
(,
)

35
,
10000, /
500.

. ( ):
.
.

(
). (
.
.
.
.
/.
.
( ).
.
.
File
Trace editor
File
Create Syntetic survey
File
Open file
File
Save file

.

.
36
File
Edit data
File
Recent
File
File
English
File
Reg file
File
Register
File
Exit
Options
Project information
Options
Mesh constructor
Options
Show model tools
Options
Program setup
Options
Data editor
Options
Survey scheme
Options
*Layered inversion module
Options
*Attenuation tomography
Options
Geological editor
Options
Create/Edit borehole data
Options
Remove borehole data
Options
3D sections plot
Options
Print preview
Options
Observed graphics settings
Options
Calculated graphics settings
Options
Data /First times
Options
Data /Apparent resistivity

, Notepad.
.
.

.

.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
/ .
.
3D .

.

.

.
.

.
37
Options
Data /Hodographs
Options
Data /IsoOffset
Options
Data/Centered
(
).

Options
Data /Ray paths/Direct

( ).

Options
Data /Ray paths/Calculated
,
.
Options
Data/Display with shifts
Options
Model /Block section
Options
Model /Smooth section
Options
Model /Contour section
Options
Model /Velocity
Options
Model /Sensitivity
Options
Model /dVelocity
.
.

.

.
.

.

.

Options
Model/Quality
0 1.
Contour section.

Options
Model/DOI index
.
Contour section.
.
Options
Model/Smooth contours
Options
Model/X=Z scale
X Y.
Options
Model /Extend bottom

38

.
Options
Model /Cut by rays
Options
Model/Model histogram

.

.

Options
Advanced /Inverse
procedure/Display process

( , ,
,
).

Advanced/ Inverse
Options
procedure/Optimization/
Line search
.

,
.

Options
Advanced/ Inverse
procedure/Optimization/ Full
.
,
.
Advanced /Inverse
Options
procedure/Optimization/
Factor 1.2

(
)

Advanced/ Inverse
Options
procedure/ Optimization /
Length- step
.

,

.
Options
Advanced/ Inverse
procedure/ Solver /

39
CG
Advanced/ Inverse
Options
procedure/ Solver /
Seidel
Advanced/ Inverse
Options
procedure/Underwater
options
.

.

.

Advanced /Inverse
Options
procedure/Average window
8x4
m0

(
Occam).

Advanced /Inverse
Options
procedure/Invert start times

MAX-10
.

.
Advanced /Inverse
Options
procedure/Invert visible
hodographs
Options
Options
Options
Options
Options
Advanced Inverse
procedure/Invert Slowness
Advanced Inverse
procedure/Invert Velocity
Advanced/ Cells
summarization
Advanced/ Set boundaries
Advanced/ Velocity-Offset

plot

.
/
.
.
.
.
.

(
).
.

.

40

.

.
Options
Advanced/ t0 fields
Options
Advanced /Reverse on load
Options
Advanced /Shift on load
Options
Advanced/ Set weight
.

.

.

Options
Advanced /Receiver RMS

/.
Options
Options
Advanced /Real topo

coordinates
Advanced /Extended nodes

.

.

Options
Advanced /Orientation

(auto),
(vertical, horizontal).
Options
Options
Import/Export /Borehole
data
Import/Export/ Import
model/data
Options
Import/Export/ Remove data
Options
Import/Export /Save


.

.
,
.

41
selection
Import/Export/ Load
Options
Options
selection
Import/Export/ Save
selection
Options
Import/Export/Extract 1D log
Options
Import/Export/ Load 1Dlog
Import/Export/Background
Options
image
Import/Export/Output
Options
settings
Import/Export/ Export ray
Options
paths
Import/Export/ Import
Options
topography
Import/Export/ Export to
Options
Options
Excel/Model
Import/Export/ Export model
Options
Options
.
.

.
.

Excel.

to DXF
DXF.
Import/Export/ SeisOpt
picking
Import/Export Section file
SeisOpt.

SectionCor (*.sec).
:
, .
. Zond 2D,
, , .
,
.

42
Delete /
.
.

Insert /
F /
.
magic wand
X /
V /
/ /
.
.
Space

,
:
.
.
.
.
.

*.ST,
. ,
,
.
Options/Mesh Constructor (.15).
43
. 15. Mesh constructor.

Z nodes
.

16.
1.05 .
Minimum .
. X
.
Maximum . ,
, ..
.
Nodes number . 15-18
. X
.

44
Intermediate nodes .
1 2.
X ( ).
X .
.
Regular mesh ,
.
/ (
).
X nodes
.
Minimum .
Maximum - .
Nodes number .
(.. x
)
.
Intermediate nodes
/ (0 - 4).
Regular mesh ,
.
/.
Top velocity .
Bottom velocity .

.

[Apply],
.
: ,
,

45
).

.
.

. . ,
.
.
Contour-section. ,
Remove background.

.
,
. ,
.
Modeling
.
Modeling :
Show background .
Remove background .
Get values from background
. (
).
,
. .
Remove all polygons .
Display ColorScale ,
.
Colors from ColorScale .
, .

46
Exit from modeling mode .

( ).
/,
.
ZONDST2D data files ( *.ST).
: 1) , 2)
( ), 3) (
).
I :
, ,
.
ZONDST2D ()
:
Sz Sy Sz ( . Transmitter)
Rx Ry Rz ( . Receiver)
Y Z - . ,
,
(-) .
-- sample_with_z_source, sample_with_chdata.
/
(, (.16)).

47
. 16. -, -,
-.

( ).
:
() ft
, Weight,
.
. (..
Weight) 1
.
,
, ,
.
(
).
***.

. -sample_with_ext_nodes.

48
II :
, topo,
.
.
topo ,
. - - topo1.
topo~ (.17).
,
.
,
. - - topo2a/topo2b.
. 17. .
topo# () (.18).
, X
. -
. ,
/ P .
( ), X
. - - topo3.

49
. 18.
( ).
topo^ ,
. -- topo4.
, , topo~#.
topow ,
( ).

( ) (. 19).
(
( , )),
(2-4).
, . - water1. . - - water3,
.
.
. 19. ,
.
topo* ,
. - - water2.
,
, Real topo coordinates, ,

50
, . Grid file
Real topo coordinates .
III :
model.
: ,
, ,
(topo coefficient).

( n m).
n-1 m-1 .

Options/Data/First times Options/Data/Apparent velocity
, .
Options/Data
Hodographs (. 20),
IsoOffset (. 20).
.20. : -Hodographs, -IsoOffset.

51
:

( ). ,
, ,
(.21A). ,
, (.21B).
. 21. .

:
).

.

[SHIFT].
. .
( )
, . .

.
Options/Observed(Calculated) graphics settings.

, 0.
[ALT] ,
[ALT] ,
0.

52
[SHIFT]

.

53

/
Options/Data editor
(. 22). 10 :
Sx
X*.
Sy
Y*.
Sz
Z*.
Rx
X*.
Ry
Y*.
Rz
Z*.
ft
Vk
pr
Weight
* - Coordinates/Positions
,
( Coordinates)
( Positions).
. 22. Data editor.

54
, ,
.
. 0 1.
,
.
Options/Data/Ray
paths/Calculated
- ,
(.23).
. 23.
Data editor.

55
Option/Program
setup.

,
.
[Default] .
Inversion (.24).
. 24. Program setup, Inversion.

Inversion ,
.
,
(.25).

56
,
.
. 25. .

.
Smoothness constrained
.
( ) (.26).
. 26. Smoothness constrained.

:
A W WA C C m A W
T
(6)
.
.
, .
Occam
[Constable,
1987].
(.27).

57
. 27. Occam.

:
A W
T
WA C T C m AT W T f C T Cm
(7)

Smoothness factor. ,
.
Marquardt
(Ridge regression) [Marquardt, 1963].
,
(.28).
. 28. Marquardt.

:
A W
T
WA I m AT W T f
(8)
, .

Marquardt, (
), Smoothness constrained
Occam.

58
Focused
[Portniaguine,
2000].
, ,
(.29).
. 29. Focused.

:
A W
T
WA C T RC m AT W T f C T RCm
(9)

Threshhold.
,
( , ).
( ) Ri
e ri :
Ri
Blocks
e2
e 2 ri
(10)
.
(.30).
,
Marquardt:
A W
T

WA I m AT W T f
(11)
59
. 30. Blocks.

( Focused),
Cell summarization.
, .
.
Smoothing factor
(, ).

, : 0.5 2; : 0.005 - 0.01.

(.31). Occam Focused.
. 31. , Occam
smoothing factor: 0.01 () 1.0 ().
4.5 %, 6 % .
Depth smoothing - .
Stop criteria .
Iterations ,
.

60
RMS error ,
.
Reduction ,
%)
.
Robust weighting scheme
,
.
.
Focusing parameters.
Threshold
(
).
(0.001-1) (.32).
( ).
.
. 32. , Focused
Threshold: 0.01 () 0.1 ().
Use reference model , .

(.33).
Occam Focused.
,
. ,
.

61
. 33. (), , Occam

(), ().
Options
(.34).
. 34. Program setup, Options.

62
Model
Min velocity, Max velocity
.
Smoothness ratio
. -
< 1, - > 1. ,
, 0.2 1 (.35).
. 35.
Smoothness ratio: 1 () 0.5 ().
Precision .
10. .
Model style . Velocity in cell
/ . Velocity in
node .
. Wide ray -
. .
.

63
Cells grouping .
,
.
,
. ,
.
: (Layer)
; (ID) ; (Width)
( ),
, .
.
Width
, -
.
ID
, -
.
: ,
(.36), , ,
(. 36), , ,
(.36).
. 36. .

64
Topo coefficient (0-5).

0 . 1 -
, (.37).
:
max( Topo) Topox

z * x, z Topox z 1
Tcoeff
max( z )
(12)
Topo , z - .
0
. 37. Topo coefficient 1 5.

Anisotropy - .
Cell summarization
Cell summarization ( )
. Blocks.
.
.

65
. 38. () () ()
Cell summarization.
Blocks,
(Contrast factor),

66
Start layers ,
.
Smooth, (Smooth factor),
. End layers ,
.

Options/Model/Block-section (.39),
Options/Model/Smooth-section (.39),
Options/Model/Contour-section (.39).
. 39. :
Block-section (), Smooth-section (), Contour-section ().
67

:
Display model mesh
Display objects
border

Display color bar
Setup
, .
,
.
,
.

.
Zoom&Scroll
Print preview
Setup
Set minimum
Set maximum

.

.

.

Set incremental factor

.

Automatic
Log scale
Set halfspace value

Set cursor value
Color as histogram

.

.

.
.
.
Setup Block-section
Smooth-section 5: ,
Contour-section ! ..

68

,
, .
.
Block-section.
(Contour-section) - Option/Model/Sensitivity (.40).
Option/Model/dVelocity
(.40).

. Data/Ray path/Calculated
, . Options/Model/Cut bay
ray ,
(.40).

69
. 40. .
. . . .
.
ZONDST2D ( *.ST) (
). ,
. ,
, .
. ,
, (Observed)
(Calculated) , ,
(Model, WorkSheet) *.BMP .

70
Options/Import/Export/Output settings ( ).
.
Zond project data

Zond calculated data
Zond observed data
.
BMP.
Worksheet

BMP.
Model
Output settings.
Program configuration
Zond model with
.
.
calculated
dat- .
Grid file
SectionCorrector.
Section file
. 41. Project information.

,
Options/Project information,
:
Uncial points number
External nodes number

Min/Max points offset
Number of data
Percent of bad data


/.

.
/ .
.
(
71
).
Number of data spacings
Number of topography points
Forward modeling cells number
Inversion parameters number

.
.

.

.
72

Options/Import/Export/Borehole data
(.34).
. - sample_with_bhdata.
. 42. .
Import model/data *.ST
ZOND (.43).
, ,
XY *.dat,
, - sample_with_exported_graphic.
. 43. .

73
Save selection
. ,
, Load selection
Save selection. - - sample_with_impmodel.

Extract 1D log Load 1D log,
X .
X.
, , ,
.
(
) Import/Export/Background image.
, , .
half-space transparency.
*.sec . - sample_with_sectfile. *.sec :
1- ;
2-

X1 Y1 X2 Y2.
sect.emf
0 0 152.4 53.3
Blocks section ,
. ,
(.44).
. 44. Block-section .
74
Smooth section ,
(.45).
. 45. Smooth-section .

, .

dat-. Zond
SectionCorrector.

Output settings.

Output settings Automatic
Vertical scale, Horizontal scale,
Print resolution dpi Font size (.46).
. 46. Picture settings.

75

. ( *.txt) ,
.
:
( ),
. .
:
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
118.3035394
126.9002384
123.4170888
116.1519574
117.240884
111.9424174
142.0405875
125.3686538
521.0730567
735.5232592
707.7315998
706.3561614
725.9945623
722.433627
717.0991126
716.9836552
725.5024012
722.3551713
731.5717173
723.5097884
726.8844987
725.962034
743.2485878
726.4061156
734.399887
727.9166309
116.1921851
517.9613065
125.3706264
111.2952478
131.911879
107.9217309
114.9327361
134.0939196
138.4457143
129.1165104

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
76
. 47. .

:
( )
. .
. .
23 , ,
(.48).
. 48. .
.
0 1 0 13 1
4 1 0 13 1
4 1 0 19 2
11 1 0 19 2
11 1 0 27 3
16 1 0 27 3
( *.crt) ,
. CRT

.
2280.txt
2280
- (
)
18 2 2 1 0 1 0 0
18 .

77
2 - ( , 1 - 20).
2 - 0 - 3.
0 - ( ); - - carot1.crt
1 - ( )
; - - carot2.crt
2 - ; - - strati.crt
3 - ( ) ,
;
1 - 0 - 2.
0,1 ;
1,2 - ;
0 - (
, ) 0 n-1, n
.
1 - .
0 - 0, 1.
0 .
3246.txt
3246
102 2 2 1 0 1 0 0

BHEeditor. http://zond-geo.ru.
. 49. BHEeditor.

78

, .

. ,
,
.

, ..
.
Model style .
(Velocity in cells),
. ,
. .
(Velocity in nodes),
, .
.
(
).
.
(Wide ray) .
. ,

.
.
. (Ray
radius settings): ( )
(.. ).
.
, , .
, ,
.

79
Precision .
,
. 10-20
. ,
. , .

: /
(), / ( )
( ), (.50).
/
. ( )
. ,
.

80

/, .

.

, .
.
.50. Create synthetic survey.

. ( ):
/.
/.
, .
( ) /.
.
.
.

81
.
.
[SHIFT],
(/ ),
.
.
.
.
.
.
/ ( ).
/ .
,
.
.
,
.
.

.
Select all positions ,
.
Deselect all positions .
Create full array ,
,
.
.
.
.

, ,

82
,
,
.

,
, .

.
.

. . ,
.
.
Contour-section. ,
Remove background.

.
,
. ,
.
Modeling
.
Modeling :
Show background .
Remove background .
. (
).
,
. .

83

.
, .

block-section.
.
,
.
, .
, ,
.

. ,

, .
.
.

, ,
Mesh constructor.
Set maximum
Redivide

Thick mesh
Thin mesh

.

( ).

.

.
84
,
Redivide

Thick mesh
(
).
Thin mesh

:
Display cell setup
Cell to cursor value
Edit mode
Selection\Free form
selection
Selection\Rectangular
selection
Selection\Elleptical
selection
.

.
.

.
.

. .

. .

.
Selection\Magic wand
, .

.
Selection\Remove
selection
Mesh options\Add
column /row
.
.

.

85
Mesh options\Remove
column /row
Mesh options\Resize
column /row
Clear model
Clear parameters

.
.
.
.

:
.

Zoom&Scroll .
, , .
, ,
.

: , ,
.
(

.
.

. . ,
.
.
Contour-section. ,
Remove background.

.
.
86
,
. ,
.
Modeling
.
Modeling :
Show background .
Remove background .
. (
).
,
. .
.
, .
[SHIFT]
. [SHIF]
.
. ,
.
[CTRL]
.

.
.

Cell setup (.51).

87
. 51. Cell setup.

.
Value .
Fixed .
Min value, Max value .
Apply to selected ,
.

.
(
)
,
- Zond calculated data, , .
, Import
model/data ( ),
, - Zond model with calculated.

:

88
Display model mesh

Display objects
border

Display color bar
Setup
.

.
.
Set incremental
factor
Automatic
Log scale
Set halfspace value

Set cursor value
Color as histogram
Set maximum
Redivide
Thick mesh
Thin mesh
Print preview
Set maximum
Set minimum
Zoom&Scroll
Setup
, .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.
.
.
.

( ).

.

.
89
,
Redivide

/.

Thick mesh
(
/).
Thin mesh

:
Display cell setup
Cell to cursor value
Edit mode
Selection\Free form
selection
Selection\Rectangular
selection
Selection\Elleptical
selection
.

.
.

. .

. .

. .

Selection\Magic wand
.
.
.
Selection\Remove
selection
Mesh options\add
column /row
Mesh options\remove
column /row
Mesh options\resize
column /row
.
.
.
.
.

90
Clear model
Clear parameters
.
.
Attenuation tomography
Attenuation tomography
Q . ,
.
,
.
. ,
, ( )
.
(
) collect amplitudes shot/all Amplitude picking .

91
,
.

( ). ,
.
( Cell summarization)

.

Attenuation tomography. .
, ,
.

.
,
.
.

92
.
( ) ( [ALT]).
,
. ,
, .
.

. ,
Q,
.
Q,

.
(XYZ) , DXF
CAD
SURFER.
Layered inversion
Layered
Inversion

.

.

93
, ,
.
. T0 .
( ),
.
- ,
, . ,

.

, ;
.
.
, .
.
,
.

94
- .
-
.
- .
- ( ).
- .
.
,
.
- , .
- , .
- ( ).
( ).
( ) .
.
,
.
Save project .
Save as XYZ
. Surfer,
, GXF
AUTOCAD.
Load borehole data Remove borehole data
.
.

. ,
. ,
, .
95

, .
, ( ),
.
( ).

.

. ,
. ,
. , ,
.
(, 5-6 ).
( ) .
,
.
-
.
, .
. ,
(3-10
). 1-3
.
, ,
.
( ) .
, *
* * .

. ,
( ).
.
96
.
, , .
,
. ,
,
.
.
, (
).
?
.
Inversion
.
, .
,
. V nodes 1 layer, V nodes 2-n
layers, Number X nodes. /
.
.

97
: V nodes 1
layer, V nodes 2-n layers.

. 5-10 ,
(
). , , ,
.
.

. -
. : Invert V, invert Z.
.
(
). .
.
. ( )
.
(Smoothing factor V, Smoothing factor Z)

. (0-1),
(0-1).

98
.
,
( ) .
.
/ ,
.
.
5-10.
.
, .
,
.
.

. , .
: Color scale min, color

scale max.

99

.
.
.
Vx/Vz
.
Anisotropy. , (
) ,
(Vx/Vz) .
, .. (
100
) .
, , ,
.
MASW
MASW ,
.
,
, ,
.
MASW,
. MASW
(). , ,

, .
MASW
. ,
.
, MASW
.
.
,
.
, f-k f-v
.
. ZondST2D
, 1999 .
, :
, .
(Vs). MASW
Vs.
,
101
1. .
.
.
2. . .
, ,

.
3. .
- .
-
.
ZondST2D
.
.
MASW,
. MASW
.
, .
.

102

:
-
- MASW. MASW
. , Forward
.
- MASW.
- .
.
- .
- .
- VF . .
- KF . .

103
- .
, .
.
,
.
Save MASW
File
project
Load MASW
File
project
File
Load borehole data

Save model as
File
XYZ
File
Save models
Options
Delete active curve
(+).
.
.

Surfer.
.

( ).

Options
Units

.
.
Options
Picking
Options
Zoom&Scroll
Options
Fundamental mode
Options
Mode 1
Options
Mode 2
Options
( )
.
.
Goto inversion
mode
MASW.
MASW ,
. ,
.
( ).

104
.
()
.
, .
(
). .
,
. ,
,
( ) .
.
.
, (
).
,
.
.
.
.

. f-k
[ALT]. [ALT] (
). ,
(
). /
( [ALT]).
.
.

. ,
.
.
. ,
105
.
(
). (
). ,
,
.
. ,
. ,
.
Spectrum
MASW.
, .
Processing
.
VMin, VMax, FrqMin FrqMax

.

106
.
.
OffsetMin OffsetMax
MASW (, ).
Smoothness
. 0 .
Offset 1/r^ - .
0 . -
1/r^(n). ,
.
Zero padding
( ).
Array MASW. Forward
. Reverse - . Forward&reverse
.
.
[Apply].
.
.
, .

MASW.
.

, .

107

.
- .
- .
- MASW.
.
- MASW.
- .
- .
- .
- .
.
,
.

108
Options
Options
Settings
Run Forward
problem
.
.
Options
Run Inversion
Options
Copy model
Options
Paste model
Options
Poisson ratio
Options
Vp value
Options
Auto Recalculation
Options
Draw labels
Options
Options
Export/Model to
CAD
Export/Report to
Excel

.

.

( ).
Vs .
dxf
CAD.
Excel
.
.
Options
Export/Pseudo
boreholes

MASW.

( ).
Options
Goto processing
mode
( )
, ,
.
.
(
) .
.
.

109
Vp Vp
PR. ,
.

.
(Vs
). ,
. .
.
MASW.
Vs .
.
Start model ,
.
Vs, Vp,
, .
Start thickness Thickness factor
(1-5).
.
Layers number .
3-7 .

110
[Reconstruct]
. .
Inversion
. ,
, , .
Vs minimum Vs maximum
.
Graphics
.
Color scale min Color scale max
Vs.
Draw borders , .
Colors .

111
1:

.
Style .
Interpolate ,
: min color, 1/3 color, 2/3 color
max color. const ( color)
. random
Line
. ,
Line .
Pointer
. ,
Pointer .
Border
. ,
Border .
[Options] .
[Default]
.

112
2:
.
[SHIFT] .
Format .
[Border]
.
[Color] .
[Pattern] .
[Outline]
.
[Shadow]
.
Point .
Visible / .
Style .
Width .
Height .
Inflate margins ,
.
[Pattern] .
113
[Border]
.
[Gradient] .
Marks .
Style.
Visible / .
Draw every , ..
.
Angle .
Clipped , ,
.
Arrows
.
[Border] .
[Pointer] (
Point).
Length .
Distance
.
Arrow head .
None
[Pointer]. Line
. Solid .
Size , .
Format
.
[Color] .
[Frame] .
[Pattern] .
Bevel : , .
Size .
Size .
Transparent Transparency .

114
Text:
[Font] .
[Outline]
.
Inter-char spacing
.
[Gradient]
.
Outline gradient ,
: .
[Shadow]
.
Gradient
.
Shadow
.
3:
.
[SHIFT]
.
.

115
Style ,
, ..
Position
.
Symbols .
Title .
Text .
Format, Gradient
Shadow ,
4:

. [SHIFT]
. : Options
Default. ,
.
Scales
.
Auto ,
. , ,
Minimum Maximum.
Visible / .
Inverted .

116
[Increment change] .
Logarithmic - .

LinLog options.
Base .
LinLog options ,
-

.
Dec Shift ( )
. ()
, .
Min dec () ,
.
Rounded limits ,
.
Minimum Maximum
.
Auto , -
[Change].
Offset
.
Title .
Style:
Title .
Angle .
Size . 0
.
Visible / .
Text:
[Font] .
[Outline] .

117
Inter-char spacing
.
[Gradient]
.
Outline gradient , :
.
[Shadow]
.
Labels .
Style:
Visible / .
Multiline .
Round first .
Label on axis .
Alternate .
Size . 0
.
Angle .
Min separation %
.
Text:
[Font] .
[Outline] .
Inter-char spacing
.
[Gradient]
.
Outline gradient ,
: .
[Shadow]
.
Ticks .
[Axis] .

118
[Grid] .
[Ticks] .
Len .
[Inner] .
Len .
Centered .
At labels only
.
Minor
.
[Grid] .
[Ticks]
. Length .
[Minor]
. Len .
Count .
Position .
Position %
( ,
Units).
Start %
( ).
End %
( ).

119
5:
Options.
Box margins.
Left ( ) .
Right ( ) .
Top ( ) .
Bottom ( ) .
Object difference -
, .
Selection admissibility -
, ,
( Magic Wand).
Parameter alteration
( ), Edit,
[Shift].
[Font] .
Colors.
Color bar.
Min color, 1/3 color, 2/3 color Max color
,
.

120
Others.
Body border ,
Parameter alteration
.
Grid .
Selection - .
Fixed - .
Transparency halfspace ,
.

121
6:
.
Box margins.
Left margin ( ) .
Right margin ( )
.
Top margin ( )
.
Bottom margin ( )
.
Fill&Line colors.
Min contour , 1/3 contour, 2/3 contour Max contour
Min contour Max contour 1/3
contour 2/3 contour.
.
Num levels .
,
.

122
Min isoline Max isoline

Min isoline Max isoline.
.
Isolines , .
User data limits.
User limits - ,
Minimum Maximum
.
Minimum
.
Maximum
.
7:
Geological editor
, .
, .
,
.
, .
,

CAD.

.
.
Geological editor ,
.
, .

123

Zond ST2 D

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Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Attenuation tomography ........................................................................................................ 91

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

0.15 0.35, . . 0.25

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Run MASW module

Run MASW for

Set sample time

Set working area

Zond geophysical software

For next shots,

Edit source pos

Delete current shot

Delete empty shots

Delete dead traces

Options Trace summarization

Zond geophysical software

Sort trace by offset

. 2. Program setup, SEG-Y.

Zond geophysical software

. 3. Set source positions.

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

.6. Graphics settings.

Tools/Rotate plot 90 (.7).

Settings/Image visible (.8). , Color

Zond geophysical software

- Options/Sort shots by filename;

- Options/Sort shots by position;

- Options/Sort trace by offset.

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Laccolite god file

Laccolite god directory

Laccolite god file

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Zond geophysical software

Create Syntetic survey

Zond geophysical software

Show model tools

*Layered inversion module

Create/Edit borehole data