Preventing spread of

disease!
WHY should you cover
your mouth when you
cough or sneeze?
One good
reason.....
How is disease transmitted?

As a group, hand draw this graphic

organiser and complete it for the
transmission method allocated to your
group.
Cause/effect graphic organiser activity -
part 1 (15 mins total).

Following are some of the major ways diseases are

transmitted. Your group will be allocated one.

droplets in the air, dust, touch, food, animal carriers, blood

and other body uids.
How is disease transmitted?

As your teacher goes through these

different modes of transmission and we
discuss as a class, continue to add to
your mind map.
Cause/effect graphic organiser activity -
part 2 (15 mins total).

Put your poster up in the classroom as indicated by

the teacher.

Draw a mind map using MindNode that summarises

this information.
How is infectious disease spread?
Droplets in the air:
A cough or sneeze will put thousands of tiny
droplets of moisture in the air from your nose
and mouth.
If other people breathe it in, they will probably
get sick too.
What effect do
you think
crowding has on
the spread of
infectious
disease?
Do you think that
normal breathing
is enough to
spread disease
this way?
How is infectious disease spread?
By dust:
Pathogens can stick to dust particles and oat through the air,
eventually settling on surfaces. Can be breathed in.
E.g. tuberculosis
(also spread from
droplets)
Have you heard about...
TUBERCULOSIS?
Tuberculosis is caused by a
bacterium which is passed
on when people breath in
air droplets containing the
bacterium or drinking milk
from infected cows.
BCG Vaccine and Antibiotics
Symptoms: Lumps develop in
the lungs. Weight loss and
coughing, sometimes of
blood.
Treatment?
How is infectious disease spread?
By touch:
Some diseases are spread by touching others, or touching objects
that an infected person has touched.
E.g. athletes foot
(you can catch it
from the oor of showers etc)
Have you heard about...
ATHLETES FOOT?
Athletes Foot is caused by a
fungi which is passed on
when people touch infected
areas in shared bath areas
and wet oors.
Use of disinfectant to clean
the areas, isolation of
infected individuals and oral
drugs.
Symptoms: Peeling, cracked
skin between toes.
Treatment?
How is infectious disease spread?
By food:
Food can become contaminated.
E.g. The faeces of an infected person
can have many pathogens. If they get
into food or drinking water, the
disease will spread quickly. Examples
include typhoid and cholera.
Rats, mice, cockroaches and other
vermin can spread pathogens onto
food.
Drinking water can become
contaminated by sewage.
Have you heard about...
TYPHOID?
Typhoid is caused by a bacterium
which is passed on by faecal
contamination of food (sometimes
because of vermin) or objects.
Genetically engineered vaccine.
Symptoms: Eventually leads to
intense fever and pain, followed by
diarrhoea. Ulceration and rupture
of intestine.
Treatment?
Have you heard about...
CHOLERA?
Cholera is caused by a bacterium
which is passed on by faecal
contamination of food
(sometimes because of vermin)
or objects.
Genetically engineered vaccine.
Antibiotics.
Symptoms: Inammed gut and
severe diarrhoea. Severe
dehydration.
Treatment?
How is infectious disease spread?
By animal carriers:
An animal which transmits pathogens from one organism to another is called a
vector.
Many diseases are caused by organisms that suck blood, e.g. the mosquito transmits
malaria and yellow fever.
The Bubonic Plague (Black Death in the Middle Ages) was caused by bacteria which
were carried from rats to humans by eas.
Some diseases are spread by pets - such as dogs and cats carrying the rabies virus.
Have you heard about...
MALARIA?
Malaria is caused by a protist
which is passed on by
mosquitos.
Killing mosquitos and draining
areas where they live.
Preventative drugs and treat
after infection.
Symptoms: After 10 days, a
fever develops.
Prevention / Treatment?
Have you heard about...
YELLOW FEVER?
Yellow Fever is caused by a virus
which is passed on by mosquitos
and ticks.
Vaccine - purposeful infection
with a weakened form of the
virus.
Symptoms: Fever, ache, nausea.
Vomit blood and bile. Eyes
become yellow.
Treatment?
How is infectious disease spread?
By blood and other uids:
A hospital will only use a
needle once. That is because
blood can carry disease from
one person to another. Examples
include hepatitis and AIDS.
Some diseases can be spread by
other body uids - such as
saliva and those from sex.
Have you heard about...
HEPATITIS?
Hepatitis is caused by a virus
which is passed on by blood and
sex.
Genetically engineered virus.
Symptoms: Flu like symptoms,
jaundice, nausea and loss of
appetite.
Treatment?
Have you heard about...
AIDS?
AIDS is caused by a virus which is
passed on by blood and sex.
No vaccine commercially
available. Currently being
tested.
Symptoms: Breakdown of
immune system means that you
are at risk of any number of
diseases.
Prevention / Treatment?
Building an understanding

Swap your questions with another

person. Choose one of their questions
to do research and answer.
Making connections:

Write three very interesting questions about disease

and its transmission using a different verb from the
following list:

categorise, classify, compare, contrast, construct, describe

patterns, describe relationships, discover causes and
effects, explain, generalise, hypothesise, illustrate, infer,
integrate, interpret, predict.