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thou kSyh ds
ckou vkys[kksa dk laxzg
LkR;ukjk;.k Hkukxj
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fo!k; "l#$h
%& cgqr [krjs gS vk/kqfud thou kS'kh ds
(& cgqr v)hj gksuk f$f*;k +kj ds tkuoj tSlk gS
,& ;g /ku dgk- ls vk jgk gS . dSls vk jgk gS
/& v0uksa dk /k1;ok2 2hft3
4& l5yrk vk0dk 61rtkj dj jgh gS
7& thr vk0dh gh gS
8& 9;:k; dh 2kS*< ls cf$3 " vkjk) ls $fy3
=& Lk>$h f)?rk @Rr) LokL:; ds l)ku gS
A& 3d gk:k ls rkyh dHkh ugha ctrh
%B& jlks6; +kj gS thou dk ds12z fc12q
%%& Hkkstu dks Hktu cuk63
%(& Ck>$s cfu3" c>$ksa lk vku12 yhft3
%,& c>$ksa ds [ksy f[kyksuksa )sa lgHkkxh cfu3
%/& c>$ksa dks f)Dh ds f[kyksus ls [ksyus dk vku12
2hft3
%4& c>$ksa dks 2.*< 3d l)L;k
%7& 0fjokj ds fy3 lafo/kku cuk63
%8& l); dk l2D@0;ksx dhft3
%=& 0fjokj )sa cqtqx; 9;fEr dh vkoF;drk
%A& oGHkoL:kk )sa $kfg3 " 9kkLrfod vk2j
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(B& v0us gk:k )sa Ik*# @Jkus dk dK dhft3
(%& vk0 v0us vk0 ls E;k dgrs gS
((& vdkj.k dqL rks dhft3
(,& v0us vk0 0j g-fl;s " g-lus dk vku12 yhft3
(/& 6l va/kh 2kS*<< dks l)fI3
(4& /ku ugha )kuoh; xq.kksa 0j /;ku 2hft3
(7& 3d 2h0 tyk63 0*<kslh ds fy3
(8& E;k oGHkoL:kk )sa vdsys jgk tk ldrk gS
(=& 0Mkhjkt tk;q ds l12sFk 0j /;ku 2hft3
(A& ft12k jguk gS rks $kfg3 cl fdrkcs
,B& 3d l12sFk fLNkk gS fHk[kkjh cuus )sa
,%& oGHkoL:kk dk vku12 yhft3
,(& fFko ds l)ku dks6; ugha
,,& 6;)ku2kj )qly)ku gksus dk v:k;
,/& f):kd d:kkvksa )sa vk/kqfudrk dk Loj
,4& la;) gS laLdGfr dk vk/kkj
,7& gsyu dsyj dh 0zsjd l#fEr;k
,8& loky v:k; ra? dks /kkf);d cukus dk
,=& os )gku foOku vkSj @xz 0?dkj :ks
,A& 3d fo$kjd ds PNk )sa lj2kj o'yHk Hkk6; 0sy
/B& Qh vth) 0zs)th
/%& NzkFu 0#Lus ds vf/kdkj dk @0;ksx dhft3
/(& 'kksdlHkk v/;Mk dk 22; E;k gS
/,& vkf[kj g)sa fdruk )uksjatu $kfg3
//& )qRc6; gk2ls ls f)yk lcd
/4& @*<rh v5okgs " 3d $qukSrh
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/7& vk0dk 0fjokj fdruk c*<k gS
/8& tc ys[kd lk1rkEykl cuk
/=& vfHkusrk ugha dykdkj $kfg3
/A& [kcjksa dh Hkh [kcj yhft3
4B& 0atkch HkkKkk ds )qgkojs " yksd thou ds vuqHko
4%& 2los xzg dk Lokxr ;ksS; c2yrk PNk
4(& v0uksa dh @0sMkk )r dhft3

cgqr [krjs gS vk/kqqfud thou kSyh )sa

0zdj.k dz)kad%")Sa v0us f)? ds fuokl 0j Pdk :kk T f)? us css ls dgkU
V scy ls Nyss gk 2ks W css us dgkU V ;g )sjk dk)
ugha gS Uvk0 fcgkjh dks vkokt 2ks WT fcgkjh @uds +kj dk)
djus okyk d);$kjh gS tc )Sus dgk Vcsk U;g +kj dk dk)
gS g)sa djuk gh $kfg3W rks og cksykU VRkSa ukSdj ugha
g-# U;g fcgkjh dk) djrk gS W
0zdj.k dz&(" u#ru v0us 2ksLrksa ds lk:k h&oh&2s[k jgk :kk T @udh
)k- us dgk V cskU cktkj ls 2#/k ys vkvks W css us dgkU
V )Sa vHkh h&oh& 2s[k jgk g-# )k- T vk0 gh ys vkvks
TW
vkt 0fjokjksa )sa ;g vk) ckr gS T c>$s ;k rks h&oh& 2s[krs
gS ;k 0X<rs gST 0X<rs ugha gS rks D;qFku 0j tkrs gS T gks)od;
djrs gS T lqcg ls ysdj jkr rd os 61gh dk)ksa )sa 9;LRk jgrs gS T Q)
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ds dk) os djuk v0us lR)ku ds foPH )kurs gST +kj )sa ;k rks dks6;
dk)okyh ck6; gksrh gS ;k d);$kjh T [kq2 +kj dk dk) Hkh @1gs
v0uk ugha yxrk T @uds 0kl [ksyus dk l); ugha gS T +kj ds ckgj os
v0us 2ksLrksa ds lk:k g-lh )tkd djus dk l); ugha fudky 0krs E;ksfd
2#j2Fk;u 2s[kus )sa 9;Lr jgrs gS 6lfy3 os 0zdGfr dh v)#'; lkSxkr
/k#0 vkSj /k#y ls c$s jgrs gS vkSj c$0u dk LoHkkfod vku12 ugha
@Jk 0krs T Lkss Lkss c>$s rd +kj ds ckgj [ksy ugha 0krsT @1gs +
kj ds ckgj lqjMkk dkj.kksa ls Hkh ugha tkus f2;k tkrk T 0rk ugha dSls
c>$ksa dk lax gks tk3 T Lsl flRcy dk Hk#r Hkh c$0u ls [k*<k dj
f2;k tkrk gS T 6l 0zdkj vkt Q) ds 0zfr @2klhurk dk okrkoj.k )/;)oxh;;
0fjokjksa rd 0k;k tkrk gST
LoNukas dk Hkkj " c$0u ls gh c>$ksa ds lj 0j 0zfr;ksfxrk dk $dz $yk
f2;k tkrk gST t)kuk gh 0zfr;ksfxrk dk gS UuRcj ou cuuk gS T 6l
2qfu;k )sa lo;QsK cuuk gST )krk"f0rk dh )gRodkaMkk ds fFkdkj
c>$s 0S2k gksrs gh gks tkrs gS T Nys Ld#y Uds&th&ds c>$ksa )sa ;g
Hkkouk +kj djus yxrh gS vkSj @l 0j vku12 ;g fd u )k- ds 0kl l); gSU u
f0rk ds 0kl T c>>ks ;k rks Ld#y )sa 9lLr jgs UD;qFku 0X<s Ugk)od;
djs Uh&oh&2s[ks ;k v0us +kj ds ukSdjksa ds Hkjksls jgs T c>>kksa
dks laLdkj 2sus dk 2kf;Ro vc h&oh&fuok;g dj jgk gS T @0HkksErk
laLdGfr )sa h&oh&6ruk )gRo0#.k; gks x;k gS fd c>$s 2ksLrks ds
lk:k [ksyus U+kj ds dk)dkt )sa )22 djus )sa vkyl djus yxs gS T
6ruk gh ugha 6l 9;Lr ft12xh ds 0fj.kk) LoPNk )krk"f0rk vkSj
lRcaf1/;ksa ls Hkh f)yus tqyus ds fy3 cgqr d) l); f)y 0krk gS T Q) ds
0zfr QHk rks gS gh ugha T Q) ds dk)ksa dks Lksk l)Ik tkus yxk gS T
5yLoPNk vkf:k;d gkykrksa )sa Hkys gh lq/kkj gqvk gks Ulq[k vkSj
vk1k12 )sa d)h vk x6; gS T 2s[ks 6lds 0fj.kk) E;k gks jgs gST
Hkk6;$kjk xk;c " vc g)kjs Hkk6; rks gS 0j Hkk6;$kjk xk;c gS T
0fjokj )sa Hkk6;"Hkk6; )saU Hkk6;"cgu )sa og v0uRo Ulg;ksx U
5
R;kx vc ugha 0k;k tk jgk gS T tks LoHkkfod PNk ls 0k;k tkuk $kfg3 T
6ldk dkj.k ;g gS fd 0fjokjksa )sa Hkh 0zfr;ksfxrk d.Jdk# PNk )sa
cX< x6; gS T ;g 0zfr;ksfxrk v0us dks lo;QsKJ +kksfKkr djus dh gS T
g) fdruh gh 0zfr;ksfxrk dj ys uRcj ou rks 3d gh gksxk T FksKk lcdks
rks 2qY[kh gksuk gS 6lls vgadkj 0fjokjks )sa +kj dj jgk gST 0zflH
lkfgR;dkj fc)y f)? xokg u&, )sa fy[krs gS V)uqK; dk vkt dk /k);
gks x;k gS vkxs cX<rs $yksa U lcdks 0hLs Lks*<rs $yksaU /kEdk
)kj dj $ks 0gq-$kdj T fdlh 0zdkj cX<rs $ykas W tc ;g ;qx /k);
gksxk rks Hkk6;$kjk dSls gksxk T
6lh r:; dks fo$kjd ts&dGK.k)#fr; 6l 0zdkj 9;Er djrs gS
"VL0/kk;jr l)kt )sa Hkk6; $kjk gks gh ugha ldrk T dks6; Hkh
lq/kkj ;k fFkMkk 0Hfr 3sls l)kt )sa c1/kqRo dh Hkkouk ugha yk ldrh W
okLro )sa g)us @0HkksErkok2h l)kt )sa tks thou kSyh dk c2yko
fd;k ;g @ldk LoHkkfod 0fj.kk) gS T g) ;qokvksa dks 2ksKk 2srs gS ;g
xyr gS T Hk#y rks g)ls gh gq6; gS T g)us v0us )gRodkaMkk ds
uh$s 0fjokj ds lHkh uSfrd xq.kksa dks 2ck f2;k gS T tSLkh thou
kSyh g) v0uk3xs U@lds 0fj.kk) g)sa gh Hkqxrus Nk*s<xs T vkt
oGHk9kL:kk ds fy3 tks l)L;k3a [k*<h gS T og Hkh 6lh thou kSyh dk
0fj.kk) gS T
rc f5j E;k djs " @0jksEr 0fjfL:kfr )sa )krk "f0rk r:kk 0kydksa dks
2kf;Ro cgqr vf/kd cX< tkrk gS T vc vkt ds okrkoj.k )sa c>$ksa dk
ykyu 0kyu lgt ugha gS T vc )krk"f0rk dks v0us c>>kksa dks vf/kd l);
2s dj @uls fud laca/k cukuk $kfg3 rkfd c>$s v0us dks vlqjfMkr )glql
u djs T ;s lRca/k 6rus v0uRo fy3 gksuk $kfg3 fd ckyd v0uh gj xfrfof/k
dks )krk"f0rk ls ck lds T @ls *j ;k ladks$ u gks T c>>kksa dh gj
l)L;k dk fu2ku f2u 0zfrf2u gksuk $kfg3 T c>>kksa dks 0zsj.kk vkSj
0zksRlkgu 2sus dk dk;; Hkh vkoF;d gS T ;f2 3slk djus )sa )krk"f0rk
dks vlqfo/kk Hkh gks rks @Jkuk $kfg3 T ;s lRc1/k vu)ksy gS T 6u
6
lRc1/kksa 0j gh c>>kksa ds HkfoK; dh PNk js[kk fuHk;j gS T 6lds
vfrfjEr fuRufyf[kr r:;ksa 0j Hkh /;ku f2;k tkuk $kfg3 T
f5ftdy 3Eljlk6t Hkh tPjh " g) fdrus gh 9;LRk gks vkSj v0us c>$ksa
dks uRcj ou cukus ds fy3 fdrus gh LoNu cqu ys 0j @uds fy3 o Lo;a ds
fy3 f5ftdy 3Eljlk6t vkoF;d gS T ;g g)sa ugha Hk#yuk $kfg3 T ;g 0zdGfr
dk fu;) gS vkSj 6lls 61dkj dj g) lq[kh ugha gks ldrs T f5ftdy 3Eljlk6t
ds vHkko )sa c>$ksa ds LokL:k 0j cgqr cqjk vlj 0*<rk gS T
vfL:kjksx foFksKkZksa dk )r gS fd /k#0 )sa u fudyus dh otg ls
fokf)u *h dh d)h gks tkrh gS T gf*D*;k /khjs /khjs d)tksj gksdj
s*h gks tkrh gS T c>$ksa dks cgqr lkjh f5ftdy 3Eljlk6t dh tPjr gS T
ftruk 0X<uk tPjh gS U@ruk [ksyuk Hkh tPjh gS T @1gs [ksyus ds fy3
[kqys )S2kuksa )sa )qEr Lksf*3 T
cX<rk ruko " tgk- kkjhfjd Q) dh vkoF;drk gS ogha fFkFkqjksx
foFksKkZ [;k2k NkX<k6; 0j tksj 2sus ls cX< jgs ruko ds 0zfr g)sa l$sr
djrs gS T os dgrs gS fd 6l ruko ls c>$ksa dh 0zfrHkk dk fodkl Pd tkrk
gS T c>$ksa dks NkX<k6; ds lk:k [ksyuk Hkh vkoF;d gS T 0X<k6;
ds ch$ ch$ )as cszd Hkh gksuk $kfg3 T 3d gh txg cSJs jgus ls
LokL:; 0j cqjk vlj 0*<rk gS T [;k2k 0X<1ks ls vk-[k 0j Hkh ruko
Nk*<rk gS T
f*0zsFku dh vkFkadk " 6/kj )uksf$fdRldks dk dguk gS fd 0X<k6; dk
ruko rks l2k gh jgrk gS T 6l 0zfr;ksfxrk ds l); )sa )krk f0rk dk uRcj
ou cus jgus dk 2cko gksus ls c>$s v0uh Mk)rk ls vf/kd )u )kjdj
NkX<rs gS T NkX<uk @uds fy3 vku12 ugha jgrkT os NkX<us ls @cus
yxrs gS T 6lfy3 )u $kgs vad @1gs ugha f)yrs T @udh r:kk )krk
"f0rk dh vkFkkvksa 0j rqKkkjk0kr gksrk gS T 6l dkj.k c>>ks xgjs volk2
)s a$ys tkrs gS vkSj dHkh dHkh vkR)gR;k rd dj ysrs gST
7
[krjs gh [krjs " 6l thou kSyh ls [krjs gh [krjs gS T g) lc @u [krjksa
dks vc tkuus vkSj l)Ius yxs gS ysfdu f5j Hkh v0us c>>kksa dh l);
ds 2kS*< )sa fNkL*< tkus dh vkFkadk )sa 6l )kx; 0j *s gq3 gS T
0fj.kk) )sa c>>kksa )sa 0zkjRHk ls gh )ksk0s dk jksx fodjky PNk
/kkj.k djus yxk gS E;ksfd @uds thou )sa Q) dk vHkko gS T ;g @1gs
kkjhfjd PNk ls d)tksj cuk 2srk gS T c>>ksa +kj vkSj ckgj dh
xfrfof/k;ksa dks fu0k ugha 0krs T 6l 2GfK ls os vkylh gks tkrs gS T
@udh 9;gkfjd thou uhjl gks tkrk gS os v0us )krk f0rkUfjFrs2kj vkSj
2ksLRkksa ls fud dk v0uRo Hkjk lRCk1/k ugha j[k 0krs T ;gh dkj.k
gS fd os lad dh +k*h )sa /kS;; ugh j[k 0krs T @1gs l)I )sa ugha
vkrk fd os fdl d1/ksa 0j lj j[kdj vkxs cX<us dk lkgl 0zkNr djs T 61gh
Mk.kksa )sa os v0us vkl0kl v1/kdkj 0krs gS vkSj vkR)gR;k djus dks
0zoGRk gks tkrs gS T dHkh dHkh 6ldk @yk Hkh gks tkrk gS T c>$s
vlk)kftd 0zoGfr ds dkj.k fgald gks tkrs gS T
vkSj Hkh c*k [krjk " 6u lc [krjksa ls c*<k 3d [krjk gS T )ku yhft3
tSlk @0j o.k;u fd;k gS oSlk dqL ugha gksrk T g) lc [krjksa ls fudy dj
yM; 0k ysrs gS T g)s ayk[kks ugha djks*<ksa dk vk5j f)y tkrk gS rc
dR0uh g)kjs LokL:; 0jhMk.k 0j g)sa jksd ldrh gS T vktdy yk[kksa P
[k$; djus okyh dR0fu;k fu;qfEr ds 0#o; d*<k o xgjk6; dk LokL:;
0jhMk.k djkrh gS E;ksfd og vk0 ls fu;qfEr ds ck2 fuj1rj dk;; $kgrh gS
T ;f2 fu;qfEr ds ck2 6RNyk6; ckj ckj ch)kj gks rks @ls vodkFk 2suk
0*<sxk ftlls dR0uh ds @R0k2u rks d) gksxk gh dR0uh ds v1;
d);$kfj;ksa 0j Hkh xyr 0zHkko Nk*sxk T 6lfy3 gj dR0uh $kgrh gS fd
6RNyk6; fu;qfEr ds l); 0#.k;PNk ls f5 jgs T
;f2 g) rukoxzLr jgs Uf5ftdy 3Eljlk6t u dh vkSj Q) ds 0zfr g)kjh
@2klhurk jgh rks g) fdrus gh v>Ls vad ys vk3 g)sa dks6; u dks6;
ch)kjh gks ldrh gS T vktdy @>>k jEr$k0 U*k;fcht U)k6xzsu tSlh
ch)kjh ;qokvksa dks Hkh vk)rkSj 0j 2s[kh x6; T ch)kfj;ksa dk
8
lRc1/k )u ls Hkh gS vrY fFkMkk ds )/; vk/kqfud thou kSyh ds uk) 0j
dsoy NkX<kdq )r cfu3 v1;:kk v1r )as lkjk Q) 9;:k; $yk tk3xk T
"""""""""
dsoy v)hj gksuk f$f*;k+kj ds tkuoj tSlk gS
@\ksx0fr gsujh 5ks*; dk uk) vkt lalkj )sa vusd )gku
dk;ks; ds fy3 tkuk tkrk gST @1gksus 0z$qj )k?k )s /ku lR0fr
dk vt;u fd;kU os 2qfu;k ds )gkur) lR0frKkkyh 9;fEr;ksa dh
rjg ;k2 fd3 tkrs gST v0us ljy thou vkSj @>>k fo$kjksa ls
@1gksus lcdks 0zHkkfor fd;kT gtkjksa 9;fEr;ksa dks jkstxkj
f2;k vkSj v)sfjdkokfl;ksa dks lLrh vkSj @RRk) dkjksa dks
9
lqyHk dj @udk thou c2y f2;kT os v)sfjdk )sa gh ugha
2qfu;k )sa v0us lkgl ds fy3 ;k2 fd3 tkrs jgsxsT fo$kj dhft3 3sls
)gku @\ksx0fr ds thou )s E;k d)h jg ldrh gS .
@\ksx0fr gsujh 5ks*; ls 3d ckj 0#Lk x;k fd E;k @uds
thou )sa fdlh d)h dk vuqHko gksrk gS . os fo$kj dj cksysU W
;g Jhd gS fd )Sus 0;k;Nr /kuU lRNk2kU oSHko vkSj ;Kk 0zkNRk
fd;k fd1rq )qIs 3d l>$s f)? dk vHkko l2k lkyrk jgrk gST ;f2
)Sa 0quY thou 0zkjRHk dP rks 3d l>$s f)? dh rykKk dPxk W ;g
l$ Hkh gST thou )sa cgqr dqL /ku ls 0zkNr fd;k tk ldrk gS
fd1rq /ku ls l>$k f)? rks ugha 0k;k tk ldrkT l>>ks f)? ds fy3
vgadkj f)kuk 0*<rk gSU v0us vk0 )sa l)0;.k ds Hkko ykuk
0*<rk gST og 3d fuF0k0 0fo? fjKrk gSU og Hkxoku dGF.k vkSj
lq2k)k dk fjKrk gST og dGF.k vkSj vtq;u dk fjKrk gS ftudk
laok2 Qh)2D Hkxo2Dxhrk cu dj @Hkjrk gST @\ksx0fr gsujh
5ks*; ;gh ckr vuqHko djrs gST os dgrs gS fd oSHko rks
f)?ksa ds ch$ 2hokj [k*<h dj 2srk gST vc cqX<k0sa
)sa 3slk dks6; 9;fEr ugha gS ftlls os v0us )u dk 22; vkSj
v0uh l)L;k3a [kqydj dg ldsT os dgrs gSU W l$)q$ )Sa vR;1r
vHkkxk g#-U )sjs 0kl /ku rks gS ysfdu f)? ugha TW
vk0 2qfu;k ds lo;QsFJ uRcj ou lR0fr ds )kfyd gks rc Hkh
vk0ds 2qY[k 22; rks gksaxsT lk)k1; 9;fEr ds fy3 vfHk1u
f)? lgt f)y tkrs gST LkR0fr ds lk:k fuLok:k; f)? f)yuk
lRHko ugha gksrk T
2kSyr dj 2srh gS cksj " g) dgrs gS fd lR0fr HkkS;Kkkyh
9;fEr dks gh f)yrh gSU fd1rq dHkh vk0us fo$kj fd;k fd fdruh
lR0fr vk0dks vku12U lq[k vkSj l1rksFk 2s ldsxhT ]kk;2 ugha
rks lqfu3 3d lh)k ds ck2 lR0fr vk0dks cksj Hkh dj ldrh gST
vk0ds fy3 @ldk dks6; @0;ksx ugha jgrkT chrs t)kus )sa
gkyhoq* dh 3d 0zflH vfHkus?h gq6; gS xkscj T @lds 0fr dks
2kSyr us cksj dj f2;kT os dgrs gSU W Hkys gh lkjh lR0fr )sjh
0Ruh us d)k6; 0j )Sa tgk- $kg# [k$; dj ldrk g#-T )qIs
jksdus okyk dks6; ughaU 0j vc )qIs [k$; djus )sa cksfj;r
gksrh gST vfHkus?h xkscj AB oFk; dh gks x6; :khT @lds
0kl rhu cs'k dkjU 2ks jks'l jk;l dkjU lksus dh vkJ +kf*<;kU
2ks 2t;1k +kks*s vkSj 3slh $hts gS ftuds ckjs )sa )qIs
Hkh Jhd"Jhd 0rk ugha gST caxys )sa 0$kl d)js gS 0j )Sa
10
fl5; $kj d)jksa dk @0;ksx djrk g#- W lquk vk0us vR;f/kd
lR0fr 0zkNr gksus dk vuqHko T os v1r )sa dgrs gSU W /ku
2kSyr ls @c gks x6; gSU ;s lkjh $hts vc g)kjs dk) dh ugha
TW
)gkHkkjr dh +kksFk.kk " ;g r:; ^fFk )qfu;ksa us cgqr 0gys
tku fy;k :kkT )gkHkkjr ds jf$;rk os2 9;klth us dgk Hkh fd
vk0 $kgs lalkj ds l)zk gks x3U vk0dk foKkky )gy gksU )gy
)sa vla[; d)js gks fd1rq ]k;u rks vk0 3d d)js )as gh djsaxsT
@l 3d d)js )sa Hkh 3d fcLrj 0j @ruh gh txg ftruh fua2zk ysus
ds fy3 vk0dk ]kjhj $kgrk gST )ryc L0F gS fd vk0ds @0Hkksx
dh lh)k gST vk0dh vu1r 6>Lkvksa vkSj vkoK;drkvksa dh
Hkh dks6; g2 gST @lds ck2 vk0 tks Hkh 0zkNr djsaxs og
vk0dks l1rksFk ugha 2sxkT vku12 ugha 2sxk T og vk0dks
cksj djsxkT vk0dks vgadkj ls Hkj 2sxkT ;f2 vk0 l)I2kj gS rks
vk0 @ldk )kuo d';k.k )sa @0;ksx dj l1rksFk dk vuqHko
djsaxs v1;:kk og /ku"lR02k U 6Fkk;U OsFk tyu U ]k?qrk vkSj
2qY[k dk dkj.k cusxhT og lq[k 02 gks ugha ldrhT
vk63 lqus f0Lys 2l oFkks;a ls 2qfu;k ds lcls v)hj jgs
)k6_kslk-` ds $s;j)su fcy xsDl v0uh v)hjh ds lRc1/k
)sa E;k dgrs gST 0gys lqfu3 @uds @2DxkjU W dkKka )Sa lcls
v)hj vk2)h u gksrk W os dHkh ugha $kgrs :ks fd os 2qfu;k
ds lcls v)hj vk2)h cusT 3d 3*ojk6;ftax dk15zksal )sa
@1gksus vku yk6u dgk :kkU WW os dHkh Hkh 2qfu;k ds lcls
2kSyr)a2 9;fEr ugah gksuk $kgrs :ksT WW lh3uchlh 0j *kuh
*D;#Kk dks lkMkkRdkj 2srs gq3 @1gksus dgk :kkU WW )Sus
6l rjg dh 6>Lk dHkh ugha j[kh U[;k2k v)hj gksus ls 3slk dqL
Hkh ugha gksrk tks csgrj gks WW
@Er @2Dxkjksa ls L0F gS fd fuj1rj 2qfu;k ds lcls v)hj
vk2)h cus jgus okys 9;fEr dks Hkh @l L:kku 0j 0gq-$ dj
dqL Hkh QsFJr) ugha yxkT 6ldk dkj.k gS fd os 3Ko;; ds dkj.k
v1/ks ugha gq3T @1gksus 2qfu;k )sa )kuork ds d';k.k ds
fy3 cgqr dqL fd;kT 6uds 2ku ls vkt vusd 0z;kstuk3a foKo ds
vyx vyx L:kkuksa 0j $y jgh gST
vHkh rktk tkudkjh ds vuqlkj 5ksCl; 0f?dk us okjsu
c5s dks foKo dk uRcj ou v)hj +kksfFkr fd;k gST okjsu c5s
11
foKo )sa )kuo d';k.k ds fy3 2ku 2sus )sa 0gys gh ;Kk vft;r
dj $qds gST @1gksus fcy 3a* )sfy.*k xsDl 5k@.*sKku
dks ,8 vjc *kyj dk 2ku f2;k :kkT 6l 0zdkj @1gksus 2ku
2sdj ;g flH dj f2;k :kk fd /ku dk @0;ksx 3d lh)k ds ck2 Lo;a
ds fy3 u gksdj 2qfu;k ds fgr ds fy3 gksuk $kfg3T
g)kjs 2sKk ds gh 3d l5y @\ksx0fr gS fo0zks ds $s;j)su
vth) 0zs)thT os Hkh v)hjksa dh 2qfu;k )sa v0us dks L:kkf0r
dj $qds gST os E;k dgrs gS lqfu3U W tc dks6; )qIls 0#Lrk
gS fd 2qfu;k )sa lcls [;k2k v)hj 9;fEr dh dSfxjh )sa
0gqa$us 0j dSlk yxrk gS rks )Sa dgrk g#- fd )qIs fdlh
f$f*<;k+kj dk tkuoj gksus dk 3glkl gksrk gST 6lls )sjk futrk
[kR) gks tkrh gS )Sa @ruk vktk2 ugha jg 0krk ftruk 0gys
:kkU 2#ljs l5yrk ds ]khFk; 0j gksus dk 3d v:k; ;g gS fd
yksxks dh vk0ls Xsjksa v0sMkk3a gS vkSj vk0 0j 2#ljksa ls
dgh [;k2k ftR)s2kfj;k-U 6u ftR)s2kfj;ksa dks )Sa l5yrk ls
[;k2k )gRo 2srk g#-T WW
$a$y gS yM)h " 6l fooj.k ls L0F gS fd g)sa /ku vt;u dh
v1/kh 2kS*< )sa [kq2 dks Iksadus ds 0#o; ;g l)I ysuk
$kfg3 fd 2qfu;k )sa v)hj v0us fy3 ugha cuuk gS ojuD )kuo
d';k.k dk yM; j[k dj gh cX<uk gST Hkkjr )sa /ku dh xfr ds
lRca/k )sa HkrDgfj us uhfrKkrd )sa dgk gSU W 2ku U Hkksx
vkSj ukKk ;s rhuksa xfr;k /ku dh gksrh gST tks u 2srk gSU u
Hkksxrk gSU @lds 0kl /ku dh rhljh xfr gksrh gS W yM)h $a$y
dgh x6; gST og fdlh 3d dh gksdj ugha gksrh vrY ftruk ]kh+
kzrk ls @ldk l2D@0;ksx dj fy;k tk; @ruk gh QsFJ gST 6ls
tkuuk gks rks v0us vkl0kl dks 2sf[k3U jktk jad gks x3 vkSj jad
jktk cu x3T @lds lk:k g)sa ;g Hkh ;k2 j[kuk $kfg3 fd xjhc l2k
xjhc jgus ds fy3 vfHkKkNr ugha gST ;f2 og 6;Koj Okjk 2h x6;
]kfEr;ksa dk /kS;;0#o;d @0;ksx djsa rks jk[; lHkk ds l2L;
0zflH dfo cky dfo cSjkxh fd rjg +kksFk.kk dj ldrk gS W ;f2 3d
jktk dk csk flj @-$k dj ldrk gSU )Sa jktdq)kj g#- rks )Sa
Hkh fl @-$k dj dg ldrk g#- fd )Sa vrhr dk fHk[kkjh vk0ds
lk)us g#-T Lokxr djks 6l)sa ]k); dh ckr E;k gST W
3sKo;; ds 0fj.kk) " tSlk g)us 2s[kk fd /ku lR0fr yM)h ds PNk
)sa $a$y gS vkSj 3d L:kku 0j L:kk6; ugha jgrhU oSls gh
g) ;g Hkh l)Irs gS fd 3d L:kku 0j Pd dj yM)hU vgadkj U
12
yksHkU yky$U )#[k;rk dh vfHkoGfH Hkh djrh gST 6lfy3 vHkh
gky )sa 5ksCl; 0f?dk Okjk lcls /kuokyksa dh l#$h )sa ls 3d
)qdsKk vackuh 2kKk;fud Hkko ls dgrs gSU W lc )k;k gS W
@udh jk; )sa vjc0fr;ksa d l#$h dks dqL [;k2 gh rqy f2;k
x;k&&&&&&&&W ;g Lykok gS W @udh jk; )sa W Hkkjrh; 2Kk;u ds
fglkc ls 2s[ks rks ;g lc )k;k gSU ;g vk0dh 2GfF 0j 0j2k *kyrk
gS 3sls Lykosa ls c$dj jguk $kfg3 T
Hkkjrh; thou ]kSyh l2k ls 6;)ku2kjh0#o;d uhfr )kx; ls
/ku vt;u dj )kuoh; d';k.k )sa @ls @0;ksx djus 0j cy 2srh
gST ;f2 /ku dk 6l 0zdkj @0;ksx u fd;k tkos rks 0fj.kk) Hk;adj
gksrs gST 3slk ugha gS fd ;g lks$ dsoy Hkkjrh; 2Kk;u dk
gksT
2sf[k3 vkaSy HkkFkk dh ;s 2ks yksdksfEr;k E;k dgrh gS
"
%&3sKo;; 3d Lusg);h )krk ds l)ku gS tks v1/kh gS vkSj v0us
c>>kksa dks fcxk*< 2srh gST
(&3sKo;; )#[kks; dks uF dj 2srk gS vkSj cqfH)kuksa dks
ladxzLRk T
6lfy3 /ku vt;u voK; dhft3T [k#c *dj 0fjQ) dhft3 fd1rq
rRdky /ku ds l2D@0;ksx ds fy3 @ldks dgha )kuo d';k.k )sa
vklfEr jfgr gksdj yxk 2hft3T v1;:kk /ku0fr;ksa dh rjg dy
vk0dh jk; Hkh ;g gksxhU W dsoy v)hj gksuk f$f*<;k +kj ds
tkuoj tSlk gST W
"""""""""""
13
;g /ku dgk ls vk jgk gS . dSls vk jgk gS .
2qfu;k )sa /ku lR0fr dk cgqr )ku vk2j gS fd1rq v/;kfR)d
2GfF ls vR;f/kd /ku vt;u dh 0zoGfr dh fu12k dh tkrh jgh gS
vkSj lko/kku fd;k tkrk jgk gST uo 9;oL:kk0u )Rrh
%Ab(/ )sa dgk x;k gSU W /kuh )uqF; dk Lox; ds jkt )sa
0zosKk djuk dfJu gS f5j rq)ls dgrk g#- fd 0j)sKoj ds jk[;
)sa /kuoku ds 0zosKk djus dh v0sMkk @- dk lq6; dh uksd
ls fudy tkuk lgt gST W gj c; tkt; os'l 3slk )kurs gS fd W /ku
fu/k;uksa dk y#k x;k Q) gST 3d /kks[kk vkSj fujkKkk gST
WW
/ku dh tks )ku 0zfrFJk txr )sa gS @lds 2s[krs gq3 6l
0zKu 0j xaHkhj fo$kj vkoK;d gST Hkkjrh; 2Kk;1k /ku dh
vkoK;drk dks )k1;rk 2srk gST )uqF; ds thou dk @2D2sK;
v:k;U /k); dk) )ksMk crk;k x;k gST 6lls L0F gS fd /ku
vt;u 3d vkoK;d dk;; gST jktL:kkuh cksyh )sa dgk x;k gSU
W tkscu 2jc u [kfD;kU [;k 0j2slk tk;
xf);k ;# gh 2hg*<k f)u[k tHkkjs vk; T W
v:kk;rD ft1gksus ;qokoL:kk )sa 0j2sl tkdj /ku ugha d)k;k
@udk t1) )j.k vdkj:k gks x;kT 6l 2GfF ls 0j2sl )sa tkdj /ku
d)kuk Hkh 3d vkoK;d dr;9; gST
l$ 0#Lk tk3 rks /ku vt;1k 3d dr;9; gh gST xGgL:k /k);
dks 6lfy3 loks;>$ L:kku f2;k x;k gST )kuo thou dk vkt rd
tks la+kFk;); 6frgkl gS @l)sa /ku dk 0z)q[k L:kku gST /k);
vkSj 2Kk;u vkt c-$k6; 0j gS @l)sa /ku dk )gRo0#.k;
L:kku gST c*<as" c*<s /k); L:ky U /k);Kkkyk3-aU
dq-3U cko*hU cxh$sU 6l r:; dh @2D+kksFk.kk djrs gST vkt
tks lkfgR;U dykU laLdGfr vkSj foZku dh 0zxfr f2[kk6; 2srh
gSTT @l)sa /ku dk Hkh )gRo0#.k; ;ksx2ku gST ;f2 6l
14
0zxfr ;k?k )sa /ku dk ;ksx2ku u gksrk rks g) taxy laLdGfr ls
vkxs 3d d2) Hkh ugah cX<k ldrs :ksT
f5j ;g fu12k E;ksa " /ku dh fu12k l2kls gksrh vk6; gST /ku
yM)h dk d0 gST okLro )sa yM)h vt;u ds 2ks )kx; gS 3d gS
]kqH yMRkh ;k ]kqHk yM)hT ftls g) 0fjQ) ls 1;k;ksf$r Xax ls
0zkNRk djrs gS vkSj lalkj )sa ]kqHk yM)h dk vt;u cgqr d)
gksrs 2s[kk x;k gST vf/kdrj yksHk yky$ v1;k; ls /kksdk 2sdj
gh 0-#th 0zkNr dh tkrh gST yM)h ds 6lh dNk dh /k); fu12k
djrk gS vkSj ]kq_uhfr 4bA7 dgrh gS fd jktk dks 3sls
vft;r /ku dk v0gj.k dj ysuk $kfg3T
/kuU lR0fRr dh f1k12k djus dk 3d v1; dkj.k Hkh gST 0zk;
Y 2s[kk x;k gS fd lR0fek 0zkNr dj 9;fEr vgadkjh gks tkrk gST
6lls l)kt )sa @lds 0zfr OsFk 2s[kk tkrk gST 6lfy3 @01;kl l)kz
0zs)$12 Vxks2kuW )sa dgrs gSU VlR0fek vkSj lf2; )sa csj
gSTW
/ku vkrk dgka ls gS " lk)k1; dNk ls g) ;g 0zKu ugah 0#LrsU
V/ku vk;k dgk- ls gST dSls 0zkNr fd;k x;k gSTW )gkR)k
xk-/kh us Vck0# ds vkKkh;ok2W )sa ;g 0zKu 0#Lk gSU
VrqRgkjs tsc )sa 3d 0Slk gSU og dgk- ls o dSls vk;kU og
v0us ls 0#LksT @l dgkuh ls cgqr dqL lh[kksxsTW vxj 0fjokj
ds l2L; foKksFk dj )fgykox; ;g 0zKu 0#Luk 0zkjRHk dj 2s rks
HkzFk$kj +kkskys vkSj fgalk 6l 2qfu;k ls 3d Mk.k )sa
l)kNRk gks tk3T g) ;g 0zKu l2k ls foL)Gr djrs vk3 gST jk)k;.k
ds jf$;rk )gkR)k ck')hdh us ;gh 0zKu rks v0us 0fjokj ds
l2L;ksa ls 0#Lk :kk fd v1;k;U fgalk ls 0zkNRk fd3 /ku ds 0k0
)sa E;k os Hkkxh2kj gskaxs vkSj d:kk dgrh gS fd lc
0fjtuksa us 6adkj dj f2;k :kkT ogh ls /k); dk t1) gqvkT ;f2
g) lc Hkh ;g 0zKu 0#Lus yxs fd 0fjokj )sa ;g /ku dgk-a ls U
dSsls vk;k rks thou )sa _kafr +kfr gks tk3 vkSj rc f5j 3d
u;k 0zKu 0S2k gskU Vg) /ku dk 9;; djrs dSls gSa. W
loky 9;; dk " ;f2 g) /ku dks 1;k;ksf$r Xax ls 0zkNRk djsaxs
rks f5j @ldk 9;; Hkh lks$ l)I dj djuk 0*<sxkT f5j /ku dk
9;; folkflrk vkSj I#Js f2[kkos 0j gks gh ugha ldrkT vgadkj
ds fy3 f5j L:kku dgk- . ;gh ls 0zkjRHk gksrk gS lk2k thou
vkSj @>$ fo$kjT ;gk- ls f5j 0jks0dkj dk ;Z); thou 0zkjRHk
15
gksxkT Hkxo2D xhrk )sa Hkxoku QhdGF.k dgrs gS fd tks
dsoy v0us fy3 0dkrkSaU og 0k0 [kkrk gST g)kjk vt;u lcds fy3
gksuk $kfg3 tSls l#jt lcds fy3 jksKkuh 2srk gSU uf2;k lcds fy3
ty @0yC/k djrh gST oGMk lcds fy3 5y vkSj 0qF0 2srs gS oSls
gh g)kjk /ku lcds fy3 dk) vk3 U ;g Hkkouk ;Z gST ;Z); thou
gh /kkf)d thou gST /kurks g) [k#c d)k ldrs gST 0j loky
@lds 1;k;ksf$r 9;; dk Hkh gST Hkkjr ds 0#o; xGg)a?h o
Lora?rk laxzk) lsukuh lj2kj 0sy us v0us 3d HkkFk.k )sa ;gh
0zKu @Jk;k gST os dgrs gSU W )uqF; P0;k d)kuk tkurk gSU
0j1rq lHkh dks ;g )ky#) ugha gksrk fd d)k6; dk l2@0;ksx
dSls fd;k tk3T W
Hkk)kKkkg cfu3 " 6frgkl )sa vusd ]k#johjksa ds uk)ksa dk
@'ys[k gS 0j /ku0fr;ksa )sa 3d )k? Hkk)kKkkg dk uk)
lRRkku ls fy;k tkrk gST @1gksus v0uk /ku jkFg ds lR)ku ds
fy3 l)f0;r dj f2;kT Hkkjrh; Lora?rk laxzk) )sa 0#[; )gkR)k
xk-/kh dkru )u /ku ls vusd Hkkjrh; ukxfjdks us lg;ksx fd;kU
os Hkh Hkk)kKkkg ls d) ugha :ksT @-xyh 0j fxus tkus dqL
/ku0fr;ksa us Hkh v0uk ;ksx2ku f2;kT )ksrhyky usgP vkSj
tokgjyky usgP ds @lh R;kx vkSj r0L;k dks Hkkjrh; jkFg vkt
rd Hk#yk ugha gST Lok)h foosdku12 ds /kkf);d vkSj
vk/;kfR)d tkxj.k ds ]ka[kuk2 ds Loj )sa Loj f)ykdj )gkjktk
[ksr*h us lg;ksx fd;kU 6lfy3 os ;k2 fd3 tkrs gST
Hkk)kKkkg cuus )sa yk[kksa vkSj djks*<ksa ds
;ksx2ku dk 0zKu ugha gS Uloky Hkkouk dk gST ;f2 dks6;
0#-th 0fr @\ksx/k1/kksa dk l)#g cukdj gtkjksaU yk[kksa
dks jkstxkj 2srk gS vkSj xq.kork ;qEr oLrqvksa dk @R0k2u
dj 2sKkokfl;ksa dks @f$r )#'; 0j cs$rk gS rks og 2sKk dh
lsok fdlh Hkh )a?h ls vf/kd dj jgk gST vkt 2sKk )sa vRckuh
th o @udk 0fjokj 6lhfy3 vk2j ls ;k2 fd3 tkrs gST
Hkkjrh; thou 2Kk;u )sa ;g RkRo t*< )sa l)k;k gST
6lfy3 lk)k1; ls lk)k1; ukxfjd Hkh xk; o dqRRks ds fy3 jksh
dk 0zko/kku v0uh jlks6; )sa j[krk gST v0uh ;ksS;rk ds vuqlkj
thou laxzk) )sa g)kjk ;ksx2ku fou)z Hkko ls gksuk $kfg3 T
dgrs gS fd g)kjs 0kl dqL u gks rks 3d )qLdjkgU )hJs o$u
vkSj J.*k ty rks g) N;kls dks 2s gh ldrs gST Lkoky
Hkk)kKkkg cuus dh Hkkouk dk gST laLdGr )sa 3d yksdksfEr
16
gSU W Hkko 0z/kku )k[;kr)D v:kk;RkD lc ckrksa )sa Hkko
loks;0fj gksrk gS W
lR0fr dh 9;:k;rk " lR0fr dh fu12k dk )#y dkj.k @ldh
@0;ksfxrk dks ysdj gksrh gST ;f2 g)kjs 0kl lR0fr gks vkSj g)
@ls dat#l ds /ku dh rjg lgt dj j[ksa Uog l)kt ds dk) u vk3 rks
og fuj0;ksxh gsdj @ckc- gks tkrh gST og 9;:k; 0*h jgrh
gS vkSj fu12k dk dkj.k curh gST g)kjs vkl0kl g)sa 3sls
@2kgj.k 2s[kus dks f)y ldrs gST
g)kjh 6lh 2qfu;k )sa 5zs*fjy f0z1loku vugk' uk) ds
jktk gST @uds 0kl v0kj /ku lR0fr gST @1gs [kq2 0rk ugha fd
fdruh gS . dgk g- . 0$kl d)jksa dk )gy gS ysfdu @0;ksx $kj
d)js gh dj 0krs gST os dgrs gSU W /ku 2kSyr ls @c gks x6;
gS ;s lkjh $hts g)kjs dk) dh ughaT W
6l fL:kfr )sa ;f2 g) rukoxzLr gksdj f2u jkr /ku lR0fr ds
vt;u ds 0kxy0u )s yxs gksU 0fjokj dh lq[k ]kkf1r dh Hkh 0jokg
u gks rks fo$kj dhft3 vk0 fdlds fy3 ;g lc dj jgs gST 0fjtuksa
dks Hkh 0zKu 0#Luk $kfg3 UW ;g /ku dgk- ls vk jgk gS . dSls
vk jgk gS .
"""""""""""""
17
v0uksa dks /k1;ok2 voK; 2hft3
Qh Lkssyky th )sjs fud 0*<kSlh gS vkSj )sjs 3dkadh
thou )sa g)sKkk lg;ksxh jgs gST vHkh 3d f2u )Sus @uls
dgkU W )qIs lqcg 0ka$ cts @J dj ;k?k 0j tkuk gST E;k vk0
)qIs @Jkus ds fy3 lqcg syh5ksu dh +k.h ctk 2saxs .
@1gksus gka Hkjh vkSj Jhd l); 0j syh5ksu dh +kah ct
@JhT )Sa fcLrj ls @JkU rS;kj gqvk vkSj ;k?k 0j $y f2;kT
;k?k ls ok0l vkus 0j )Sus @1gs /k1;ok2 f2;kT dgkU WW vk0ds
lg;ksx ds Okjk ;k?k vk1k12); jghT WW tc )Sus @1gs
/k1;ok2 f2;k rks os cksysU WW )sa syh5ksu djus ds ck2
6artkj djrk jgk fd vk0 tokc 2saxs U0j vk0dh vksj ls @Rrj u 0kus
0j )Sa dqL l)I ugha 0k;kTWW rc )qIs vuqHko gqvk fd )qIs
rRdky /k1;ok2 2suk :kkT )qIls Hk#y gq6;T tc )Sus v0us
0*kSlh dks /k1;ok2 dgk rks @uds $sgjs 0j 0zl11krk vkSj
larksFk dk Hkko :kkT tc Hkh dks6; g) 0j @0dkj djrk gS rks
g)sa 3d /k1;ok2 dk Loj f2; ls 2suk gh $kfg3T 6l)sa dat#lh
dSlh.
;g 2qfu;k 3d 2#ljs dh lgk;rk ls $yrh gST dqL yksx g)sa
lgk;rk 2srs gSU dqL yksxksa dks g) lgk;rk 2srs gST v0uh
v0uh 0fjfL:kfr vkSj ;ksS;rk ds vuqlkj lgk;rk dk vk2ku 0z2ku
$yrk jgrk gST ;g laHko gh ugha gS fd g) fcuk fdlh lgk;rk ds
18
v0us lHkh dk) lR01u dj ysaT gksrk ;g gS fd tc Hkh dks6;
vutku 9;fEr g)kjh lgk;rk djrk gS rks g) rRdky Hkko foHkksj
gks @ls /k1;ok2 2srs gST @ldh lgk;rk dks g) foL)Gr ugha
djrsT lcls dgrs lqurs gS 0j tc dks6; g)kjk v0uk lgk;rk 0z2ku
djrk gS rks g) )kSu jgrs gS lks$rs gS ;g rks @ldk dr;9;
:kkT @lus dr;9; fuok;g fd;kU 6l)sa dSLkk /k1;ok2 a
v0uks dks Hkh 2s /k1;ok2 " ;g lgh gS fd v0uksa dks
]kkfC2d /k1;ok2 2sus )sa ladks$ gksrk gST @udh lgk;rk
LoHkkfod gksrh gSU os g)ls /k1;ok2 dh vkKkk ugha j[krs
gST g)kjs ]kjhj ds ladsr rks vkHkkj 9;Er dj ldrs gST g)sa
v0us fudrL:k 9;fEr;ksa dk Hkh f2; ls /k1;ok2 Zk0u djuk
$kfg3T /k1;ok2 ]kC2ksa ls gh ugha dk;ks; ls Hkh f2;k tk
ldrk gST tc Hkh volj f)ys g)sa v0us dr;9; dk 0kyu @f$r jhfr
ls dj /k1;ok2 2suk $kfg3T
g)kjs )krk"f0rk U0RuhU 0frU Hkk6; Ucgu vkSj v1; lRc1/kh
g)kjs f2u jkr dqL u dqL djrs gST E;k g) @uds @0dkjksa
dk /;ku j[krs gS . E;k g) f2; ls @uds vkHkkjh jgrs gS. )sjk
vuqHko gS ugha T volj f)yrs gh lquus dks f)yrk gS W
@1gksus g)kjs fy3 E;k fd;k . tks dqL @1gksus fd;kU og rks
@udk dr;9; :kkT lc djrs gST g) Hkh v0us c>$ksa ds fy3
djsaxsT @1gksus dks6; 3glku ugha fd;k TW ;g Hkko ;g
crkrs gS fd g) v0uksa dks @0dkj )kurs gh ughaT tcfd v1;
yksxksa ds Okjk Lkss ls Lksk fd;k x;k @0dkj g)saa ;k2
jgrk gST ;gka rd fd fjKor [kkSj ckc# Hkh g)ls /ku ysdj g)kjk
tks dk) djrk gS g) @ldk Hkh vkHkkj )kurs gS 0j 0*kSLkh dh
fuLok:k; lsok 0j /k1;ok2 2suk Hk#y tkrs gST v0uksa dks
Hkh /k1;ok2 2sT @1gksus fuLok:k; Hkko ls dr;9; 0#.k;
fd;s ;g E;k d) gST ;f2 os v0us dr;9; u djas rc E;k gksxk T
g) v0us fud lacaf/k;ksa dks gh ugha Hkxoku rd dks
;k2 ugha j[krsT Hkxoku us Hkh 6l lalkj dh j$uk )sa g)sa
v0kj vku12 dh lk)xzh 2h gST ;s l#jtU $ka2 vkSj rkjsU ;s
gok3a U ;s 0zdGfr ds lq12j 2GK;U )kSl)U ]kku2kj ]kjhj ;s lc
g)kjs fy3 gST ;f2 g) u gks rks 6u lcdk E;k @0;ksx . 6lfy3 uo
fo/kku )sa dgk x;k gS W lc ckrksa ds fy3 0j)kR)k dks /k1;ok2
2ksT 6lh rjg 9;fErRo fodkl ds fy3 0zflH f$1rd Qh *sy dkuxh
dgrs gS W ftu ckrksa ds fy3 vk0 dGrZ gS @1gh ds foFk; )sa
19
lksf$3 vkSj @0yC/k 3sKo;; r:kk oSHko ds fy3 Hkxoku dks
/k1;ok2 2hft3 T
gksrk ;g gS fd lc dqL g)kjs vuqd#y gksrs gS rks g)
0zl1u gksrs gST )kSu jgrs gSU /k1;ok2 ugha 2srs fd1rq tSls
gh g)kjs 0zfrd#y dqL +kfr gksrk gS g) _ks/k ls @cy tkrs
gST 2ksFkkjks0.k djrs gSU /;ku jgs g) lc )kurs gS fd g)kjh
dks6; Hkh vl5yrkU 0zfrd#yrk dk dkj.k g) ugha gS Udks6;
vkSj gST g) g)sKkk cgkus cukdj 2ksFkkjks0.k djrs gS vkSj
vl5yrk vkSj vuqd#yrk ds l); g) 2#ljksa ds @0dkjksa dks
Hk#y tkrs gST
vrY v0us c0j fd;s x;s Lkss ls Lkss @0dkj dks L)j.k
jf[k;sT /k1;ok2 2hft3 vkSj volj vkus 0j oSlh gh lsok 2sdj
vku12 2hft3T ;g lalkj 3d 2#ljs dh lgk;rk ls gh $yrk gST 6l
laca/k )sa uhfrKkkL? ds jf$;rk frPo'yqoj ds 6l d:ku 0j /;ku
2hft3 W rG.krq'; Hkh @0dkj E;ksa u gks @lds 5'k dks l)Ius
okys @ldks rk*< ds l)ku )kusaxsT W Hkyk6; djuk g)kjk
/k); gST 6lh 0zdkj 0zR;qRRkj )sa /k1;ok2 2suk U vkHkkj
)kuuk Hkh g)kjk LoHkko gSU dr;9; gS U ;f2 g) 6l dr;9; dks
0#.k; ugha dj 0k;saxs rks dy tc g) 0quY fdlh ls lgk;rk
$kgsaxs rks g)sa lgk;rk ugha f)ysxhT ;g 6;Kkojh; fu;) gST
g)sa ;g lks$uk $kfg3 fd ftruk @0dkj g)kjk gqvk gS @lls
vf/kd @0dkj g)sa djus ds fy3 rR0j jguk $kfg3T )gkHkkjr )sa
os29;klth dgrs gS W 2#ljk )uqF; ftruk @0dkj djsa @lls d6;
xquk vf/kd 0zR;qrj Lo;a @lds 0zfr djuk $kfg3 T
/k1;ok2 dh vkKkk )r dhft3 " Hkyk6; djuk g)kjk LoHkko gST
/k); gSU vrY g)sa tc Hkh volj f)ys g) 0zk.kh)k? ds 0zfr
@0dkj djsaT ;g g)kjh vk2r gksuk $kfg3 E;ksfd g)as
vkHkkj ;k /k1;ok2 dh vkKkk ugha djuk $kfg3 E;ksfd )kuo
LoHkko vkHkkj )kuus dks l2krR0j ugha gksrk T /k1;ok2 dk
61rtkj )r dhft3 v1;:kk vk0dksU g)dks fujkKk gksuk 0*sxkT
v)sjhdh ys[kd vkSj oErk *sy dkfu;xh dgrs gS W @0dkjksa
dk Hk#yuk )uqF; dk LoHkko gST vrY ;f2 g) 2#ljksa ls
dGrZrk dh vkKkk djsaxs rks 9;:k; gh lj22; )ksy ysuk 0*sxk
TW
20
6lfy3 lcls @RRk) )kx; gS fd g) rG.k )k? Hkyk6; ds fy3
rRdky /k1;ok2 djsa vkSj tc Hkh volj f)ysa lc Hkyk6; djus
dks rR0j jgsa T foKksFk ckr ;g gS fd 6l)sa v0uksa dks Hkh
;k2 j[ksa vkSj @1gs Hkh /k1;ok2 2sT
"""""""""""""
l5yrk vk0dk 6artkj dj jgh gS
Qh WdW 3d ;qok Lk? :kkT og 0h&3)&h& dh rS;kjh dj jgk
:kkT @lds f0rkth ofjFJ vf/kdkjh :ksT os 3d [;ksfrFkhth ds
lR0d; )sa :ksT @1gksus lgt Hkko ls [;ksfrFkh ls 0#L fy;kU W
0q? dh *kEj cuus dh E;k lRHkkouk gS . [;ksfrFkh us t1)
0?h 2s[k xf.kr yxk;k vkSj +kksFk.kk dj 2h fd 0q? dk $;u
0h&3)&h& )sa gks tk3xk W 0q? Qh WdW dks 6l +kksFk.kk dk 0rk
$y x;kT @ldk 0zl1u gksuk lgt gh :kkT
Qh WdW dh $$sjh cgu Hkh 0h&3)&h& dh rS;kjh dj jgh :khT
@ls 6l [;ksfrFkh dh +kksFk.kk dk 0rk $yk rks @lus Hkh v0us
f0rk ls dgkU W )sjh t1) 0?h Hkh 61gh [;ksfrFkh dks crk
2hft3T f0rkth x3U t1) 0?h crk6; rks [;ksfrFkh us dgkU W
*kEj cuus dh dks6; lRHkkouk ugha gST W f0rkth +kj vk3
vkSj cksys U W csk a [;ksfrFkh dk dguk gS fd rq) v:kd 0fjQ)
djksxh rks gh l5yrk f)ysxhT *kEj cuuk rks fufK$r gS 0j
)sgur rks djuk 0*<sxhT W @1gksus HkfoF;ok.kh c2y 2hT
0fj.kk) +kksfFkr gqvk T Qh WdW vl5y jgsT @udh $$sjh
cgu l5y gks x6;T 0zfr;ksxh 0jhMkk )sa [;ksfrFk dk) ugha
vk;kU v:kd 0fjQ) gh dk) vk;kT ;gk- 3d r:; 0j fo$kj djuk Hkh
vkoK;d gSU E;k [;ksfrFk ds tkudkj ;g +kksFk.kk dj ldrs gS fd
v)qd 0jhMkk )sa l5y gksxk ghU $kgs 0fjQ) fd;k x;k gks ;k
21
ughaT tc g) v1/kfoKoklh gksdj $ysaxs rks 0fj.kk) rks fo0jhr
gksxs gh T f5j g) fdlh ds fy3 3slh v1/kh vKkqHk +kksFk.kk
dSls dj ldrs gS fd dks6; 0jhMkk )sa vl5'k gksxh ghT tSls
l5yrk dh fufK$r +kksFk.kk foFk gSU oSls gh vl5yrk dh
fufK$r +kksFk.kk Hkh foFk gST 3slh [;ksfrFkh dh +kksFk.kk
;qok ox; dks fuj1rj vH;kl vkSj 0fjQ) djus ls fuPRlkfgr djrh gST
v12j ls d)tksj cukrh gST
vrY ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd 0zfr;ksxh 0fjMkk ;k 3sls gh fdlh
0zdj.k )sa [;ksfrFkh th ds 0kl tkus dk v:k; v0us 0Sj 0j
dq'gk*<h )kjus tSlk gS E;ksafd os tks Hkh +kksFk.kk
djsaxs og foFk dk dk) djsxhT l>$h +kksFk.kk rks ;gh gksxh
fd ;f2 v:kd 0fjQ) djksaxs rks gh l5yrk rqRgkjs d2) $q)sxhT
ftl ftlus Hkh 0fjQ) fd;k gS @lh dks l5yrk f)yrh jgh gST 0fjQ)
dk dks6; fod'0 ugha gST thou ds gj Msk? )sa l5yrk dk
3d)k? jkt)kx; 0fjQ) ds )k/;) ls gh 0zkNRk fd;k tkrk gST
vaxzst fuca/kdkj 3*hlu )gks2; us l$ dgk gSU Vdks6; Hkh
;:kk:k;rY )#';oku oLrq 3slh ugha gS tks dFksa vkSj Q) ds
fcuk [kjh2h tk ldsT W
thou )sa v:kd vkSj fujarj 0fjQ) ds vfrfjEr fdlh Hkh 9;fEr
dk 2GfFdks.k vkKkkok2h gksuk $kfg3T vkKkkok2h
2GfFdks.k 9;fEr dks ldkjkR)d lks$ dh vksj ys tkrk gST
ldkjkR)d lks$ 9;fEr dk LoNu 2s[kus vkSj @1gsa lkdkj djus
dk tksKk 0S2k djrk gST tSls +k*<h )sa $kch Hkjh gks rks
$yrh jgrh gS oSls gh vkKkkok2h 2GfFdks.k ;qokvksa dks
d); ;skx dh vksj 0zsfjr djrk jgrk gST udkjkR)d va/kfoKoklh
dks6; Hkh d); l5yrk ds )kx; )sa dk-as fcLkus tSlk gST
E;ksafd ;g l5yrk ds 0zfr l12sg @R01u dj 2srk gST gj l5yrk
v0uk )#'; )kaxrh gST ;f2 fcuk )#'; ds dks6; oLrq f)ys rks
)ku dj $fy3 @ldk g)sa HkfoF; )sa cgqr c*<k )q'; $qdkuk
0*s<xkT og )kx; [krjukd gST vHkh Hkys gh og vkdFk;d
yxsT
0fjQ) ls 0zkNr l5yrk g)sa 3d vkR)foKokl tkxGr djrh gST g)
vuqHko 0zkNRk djrs gST ;g vuqHko g)sa 3d foKokl txkrk gS
fd g) dk;; dj ldrs gST 6ruk gh ugha 6l 0fjQ) ls 0zkNRk l5yrk
dk 0fj.kk) ;g gksrk gS fd g)kjh 3d Lfc cu tkrh gS fd g) dk;;
dj ldrs gST ;g Lfc v)#'; gSU 6l Lfc ds dkj.k 2#ljs g) 0j
foKokl djus yxrs gST 6l foKokl ds dkj.k os Hkh g)kjs dk;;
)sa lg;ksx 2sus yxrs gST Lok)h foosdku12U )gkR)k
22
xk-/kh vkSj )2j sjslk tSls @2kgj.k g)kjs lk)us gST
6udh 3slh Lfc cu x6; fd 0#jk 2sKk @u 0j foKokl dj x;k vkSj
@1gs l5yrk ds lk:k lR)ku vkSj 0zfrFJk Hkh f)yhT 0fjQ) ds 5y
vR;1r )/kqj gST lkfgR;dkj d1gS;kyky f)Q 0zHkkdj W ft12xh
)qLdjk6; W )sa dgrs gSU W0fjQ) gh gj l5yrk dh dqath gS vkSj
ogh 0zfrHkk dk f0rk gST W 0fjQ) ds lk:k 0zfrHkk dk fu[kkj rks
vkuk gh gST
v1/kfoKokl ds vfrfjEr vkt tks okrkoj.k g)kjs $kjksa vksj
cu x;k gSU og Hkh ;qodksa dks fujkKk djrk gST 3slk dgrs gS
fd $kjksa vkSj HkzFk$kj gSU Hkk6; Hkrhtkok2 gS vkSj
6lfy3 fdruk gh 0fjQ) djksU lc 9;:k; gST d6; ;qod rks 6u
rdks; ds vk/kkj 0j 0zfr;ksfxrk )sa lfR)fyr gh ugha gksrsT
d6; ;qod v0uh vl5yrk ds fy3 6ls cgkus ds rkSj 0j @0;ksx djrs
gST ;g l$ gS fd dqL 0zdj.kksa )sa 3slk f2[kk6; f2;k gS ysfdu
3slk ugha gS fd d*<h )sgur 9;:k; tkrh gksT 0fjQ)h Hkh
vl5y gksrs gS fd1rq tks l5y gksrs os Hkh 0fjQ)h gh gksrs
gST
3sls 0zdj.ksa )sa vl5yrk dk dkj.k ;qodksa )sa yM; dk
vHkko 2s[kk x;k gST ;f2 g)us dks6; LoNu ltks;k gS rks og
c-$k gksuk $kfg3 vkSj g)sa d*<h )sgur Okjk @ldk )#';
$qdkus ds fy3 rS;kj gksuk $kfg3T 6lh 2sKk )sa vR;1r xjhc
ox; ds ;qodksa us c-$s LoNu ltkdj l5yrk dk 0j$) ygyjk;k
gST E;k vk0 lqKkhy dq)kj fKk12s dks tkurs gS . ;f2 ugha rks
vk0dks tkuuk $kfg3T Hkkjr )sa os d6; @>>k 02ksa 0j dk;; dj
$qds gST or;)ku )sa os ds12zh; ]kklu ds fo+kqr foHkkx ds
)a?h gST os vR;1r xjhc $);Kkks/ku dk;; djus okys 0fjokj ls
gST @1gs xjhch ds dkj.k 0;k;Nr fKkMkk u f)y ldh rks
@1gksus 0zkjRHk )sa )qRc6; 1;k;ky; )sa HkGR; dh lsok
dhT lsok )sa jg dj fof/k Lukrd gq3 vkSj rc jktuhfr )sa vk3T
la+kFkks; dh yRch dgkuh gS @udk thouT l5yrk ds fy3 0lhuk
rks cgkuk gh 0*<sxkU /kS;; Hkh /kkj.k djuk 0*s<xkT ;gk-
$ )axuhU 0 C;kg lR011k ugha gksrkT jktL:kku ds fdlh
vZkr dfo us fy[kk gS U
jk) dgs lqxzho us yadk dsrh 2#j .
vkyfl;k vk/kh +k.khU @\) gk:k gt#j T
jk) us lqxzho ls 0#Lk fd yadk fdruh 2#j gST lqxzho us
@RRkj f2;k"WLok)h a vkyfl;ksa ds fy3 cgqr 2#j gS 0j @\
23
)Kkhy ds gk:k ds 0kl gh gSTW tks /kS;; /kkj.k dj 0fjQ) djsxk
l5yrk @lds 0kl [k*<h gST 6l rjg dh l5yrk dks HkkS; dg dj
)r I#Jyk63T fuj1rj 0fjQ) djus okys HkkS; dks Hkh 0jkLr dj
2srs gST
@0jksEr @2kgj.k ds vfrfjEr Hkh d6; @2kgj.k gST
*kEj vkj&3y&Hkkf;k 5u 3.* tk; dR0uh ds lh&6;&vks& gST
vHkh os 3d dk;;_) )sa 612kSj )&0z& )sa vk3 :ksT
@1gksus Lo;a crk;k fd os ckjg oFk; dh vk;q )sa LSa**;
$k;j cSad )sa N;qu cus :ksT 0>>khl oFk; ds v:kd 0fjQ) ds
ck2 os @lh cSad )sa 3$&vkj&foHkkx ds 0z)q[k dh gSfl;r ls
0gq-$sT @lds ck2 @1gksus [kq2 dh dR0uh 0zkjRHk dh ftldk
u;vks9gj rhu ls $kj djks*< gST @uds fKkMkd @1gs
d)tksj l)Irs :ksT os ukSaoh )sa vf/kdkaKk foFk;ksa )sa
5Sy gq3 ysfdu 0fjQ) ds cy 0j %A=8 )sa 0h&3$&*h& 0qjh dhT
l5yrk ds fy3 la+kFkks; dh yRch dgkuh gS ;g T
3slk ugha gS fd 3d 2ks ckj vl5y gq3 vkSj fujkKk gksdj
cSJ x3T ugahU ;f2 vk0us yM; @-$k j[kk gS rks @ls lkdkj
djus ds fy3 fuj1rj 0fjQ) ds fy3 *-s jguk 0*sxkT l5yrk Hkh
vk0dh d6; 0fjMkk3- ysdj r; djrh gS fd vk0 @ls 0kus ds ;ksS;
Hkh gS ;k ughaT ysfdu tc @ls 0rk $y tkrk gS fd g) 0k? gS
rks f5j 3d ]kfEr dk @2; g)kjs v12j gh gksrk gS tks g)sa
0gq-$k 2srk gS yM; dh vksj T 3sls d6; thfor @2kgj.k gS tks
g)kjs vkl0kl gh f)y ldrs gS
l5yrk dh yRch dgkuh fdlh fl5kfjKk ;k HkzFk$kj ds
vk/kkj 0j $y gh ugha ldrhU E;ksfd thou dk laxzk) 3d f2u ;k 3d
oFk; dk ugha gksrkT dks6; Lksk )ksk 02 0k ysuk l5yrk
dk 3d $j.k gks ldrk gST 0j )afty rks 2#j gh jgrh gST @-$s
LoNu lkdkj djus dk )#'; 0lhus ls gh rksyk tk ldrk gS tks 2srk
gS ;ksS;rkU vuqHkoU vkR)foKokl vkSj fotsrk dk HkkoT $kgs
tks 0fjfL:kfr gksU $kgs tks @)z gksU vk0 $kgs tgk- gks ;f2
Jku ysaxs v0us v12j ls /khjs /khjs jkLrk f)yrk tk3xkT
g)kjh xjhchU v0axrk ;k 2#jL:k xzk)h.k Mks? )sa fuokl
g)kjs fy3 d)tksjh ugha gST fczfKk lsuk0fr 3oa jktuhfrZ
vk:k;j csystyh us E;k [k#c fy[kk gSU W vLrcy )sa t1) ysus
)k? ls dks6; )uqF; +kks*<k ugha gks tkrkT W )uqF; gksus
24
)k? ls thou la+kFk; )sa l5yrk ds g) gd2kj gks tkrs gST
v1/k foKokl vkSj udkjkR)d lks$ ds ghu Hkkoksa ds tkyksa
dks uF dhft3 vkSj 3d foKokl Hkjk d2) @Jk63T l5yrk vk0dk
61rtkj dj jgh gST
""""""""""
thr vk0dh gh gS
g)kjk thou E;k gS . 6ldh vyx"vyx foOkuksa us v0us
Xax ls 9;k[;k dh gST dqL dgrs gS ;g 3d dHkh u [kR) gksus
okyh ;k?k gS vkSj 2#ljs 6ls cktkj crkrs gS tgk- g)kjs xq.k
voxq.kksa dk )#';kadu gksrk gST 3sls Hkh foOku gS tks
thou dks ukd dgrs gST @udk )r gS fd g) lc lalkj )sa 3d
foKksFk 0zdkj dk vfHku; djus vkrs gS tks v0us dk;ks; ls
lo;QsFJ vfHku; djrk gSU @ls ;k2 fd;k tkrk gST ysfdu 6u lcls
vyx g dj 3sls Hkh foOku gS tks 6ls 3d ;qH dgrs gST @udk )r
25
gS fd thou P0h ;qH )sa g) lc v0us thou dk lo;QsFJ 0z2Kk;u dj
fotsrk cu ldrs gST thou 3d volj gS ftl)sa g) l5yrk 0krs gST
E;k thou 3d ;qH gS " l$ 0#Lks rks l5y thou 3d ;qH gST 6l)sa
thou )j.k 2ksuks gST ]kqHk gS rks vKkqHk Hkh gST ;gk-
d); gh d); gST thou )sa lc xq.k voxq.k l)kfgr gks tkrs
gST 3d lSfud dh rjg tks ft;k U@ldk thou 3d l5y thou )kuk tk
ldrk gST 6lfy3 lkfgR;dkj t;Kkadj 0zlk2 dgrs gS W tkxj.k dk
v:k; gS d); Mks? )sa vorh.k; gksuk vkSj d);Mks? E;k gS
thou laxzk) TW lkfgR;dkj tSus12z dk )r gS W thou dqPMks?
gST og 6lfy3 ;qH Mks? gS Hkh gST ;g thou dh fof$?rk vkSj
tfyrk gS fd ;qH dks vkSj /k); dks @l)sa lk:k lk:k lk/kuk
0*<rk gST 6l lk/kuk )sa thou dk P0 vk0 gh vk0 /k); ;qH gks
tkrk gST
E;ksa gS laxzk) " okLro )sa g)kjk thou 3d laxzk) gST 6l
laxzk) dks /k);;qH cukuk gh 3d dyk gST Hkkjrh; ]kkL?ksa
)sa 6lfy3 6l laxzk) dk xkSjoxku )qEr d.J ls fd;k x;k gST
6lfy3 dgk tkrk gS fd laxzk) )sa )kjs tkus 0j Lox; 0zkNr gksrk
gS vkSj thrus 0j ;Kk f)yrk gSS T yksd )sa 2ksuks gh lR)kuh;
gST 6lfy3 ;qH lk:k;d gksrs gST HkxorD xhrk tSlk 2kKk;fud
xz1:k ;gh dgrk gS T xhrk dk xku ;qH Mks? )sa gh gqvk
vkSj 6lh )sas Hkxoku dGF.k us thou thus dh dyk dk Zku
djk;k gST )gkR)k xk-/kh rks dgrs gS fd xhrk )krk gS vkSj
tc Hkh dks6; l)L;k vkrh gS os 6l )krk ds $j.kksa )sa v0uk lj
j[k dj l)k/kku 0#Lrs gST ;qH ds l); xk3 x3 xhr dk ;g v2DHk#r
)gRo gST 0G:ohjkt jklksa )sa dfo $12 cj2k6; dgrs gSU W
lHkh lk)1r ;qH )sa jl )sa yhu gksus ds dkj.k czRg Zkuh ls
0zrhr gksrs :ks E;ksfd @uds 0kl lq[k 2qY[k dh ykSfdd
Hkkouk ugha f2[kk6; 0*<rh :kh T
xhrk g)sa thou )sa fuFdk) d); djus dk l12sKk 2srh
gST lalkj dh vklfEr gh g)kjs 2qY[k vkSj dF dk dkj.k gS
ysfdu E;k fuFdk) d); ;ksx lalkj )sa 9;ogkfjd P0 )sa 0z;ksx
fd;k tk ldrk gS tgk- g) jkxU OsFkU +kG.kk yky$ )sa f2u jkr
0*<s gq3 gST 6lfy3 2kKk;fud flHkar rd rks ;g Jhd yxrk gS
ysfdu thou laxzk) ds 9;gkfjd Mks? )sa g) @ldk dSls 0z;ksx
djsa . ;g l)I )sa ugha vkrkT ;f2 ;qH Mks? dk lSfud
czRgZkuh gS rks dSls . ;g l)I ugha vkrk rks 6lds fy3 g) 0qu
26
Y )gkR)k xak/kh dh ok.kh lqurs gS os vfgalk ds 0zcy 0Mk/kj
gST os dgrs gSU WW 3d lSfud ;g f$1rk dc djrk gS fd @lds
ck2 @lds dk) dk E;k gksxk. og rks v0us or;)ku dr;9; dh
gh f$1rk djrk gST WW vrY ;g L0F gS fd 3d lSfud dh rjg ;f2 g)
v0us or;)ku dr;9; d); dks gh f$1rk jfgr gksdj djrs jgs rks
g)kjk dGR; fuFdk) d); gksxkT gksrk ;g gS fd g) d); dh
0zsj.kk L0F P0 ls v0us Lok:k; U 0zyksHku vkSj vgadkj ds oKk
djrs gST d); djrs gq3 g)kjs )u )sa jkxU OsFk U +kG.kkU
]k?qrkU yksHkU yky$ ds Hkko g)sa 0zsfjr djrs jgrs gST
)GR;q dh rks g) lks$ gh ugha ldrsT ;f2 )GR;q dh vkKkadk
)k? gks rks g) Hkkx [k*<s gks tc fd 3d lSfud tks ;qH Mks?
)sa [k*<k gS og 0gyh ]kr; ds P0 )sa )GR;q dks Lohdkj djrk
gST )GR;q ls f)?rk ds fcuk rks dks6; lSfud gks gh ugha
ldrkT gj lSfud ;qH ]kkf1r ds fy3 y*<rk gS vkSj v1; dks6;
@ldk @2D2sK; ugha gksrk T
thou dk laxzk) ;qH dh rjg g)kjs v1rjr) dh xgjk6; )sa
lqyxrk jgrk gST thou dh dyk 6l)sa )sa gS fd 6l ;qH dks
g) /k); ;qH dh rjg y*<sT
;qH )sa dks6; fOrh; 0qPLdkj ugha gksrk " g)kjk thou 3d ;qH
gST ;gk- gj 9;fEr 3d 2#ljs ls 0zfr;ksfxrk djrk gST v0us
vk0dks lo;QsFJ +kksfFkr djrk gST lc)sa v0us v0us xq.k gST ;g
thou laxzk) ;qH dh rjg gh gST ysfdu ;qH )sa lSfudksa dh 3d
laLdGfr gksrh gST fu;) gksrs gS dku#u gksrk gS @udk
vuqKkklu gksrk gST 6l laLdGfr )sa Ufu;) 3oa fof/k dk 0kyu
djuk vkoK;d gh ugha U vfuok;; gksrk gST ;f2 6udk 0kyu u
gks rks 2.* f2;k tkrk gST
E;k gS ;qH dh laLdGfr . lsuk )sa tks Hkh lSfud ;qHjr
gksrs gSU @udk v0uk dks6; 9;fErxr Lok:k; ugha gksrkT os
2sKk ds fy3 y*<rs gST lcls 0gys 2sKk lsok @udk )r9; gksrk
gST @lds fy3 0zk.kksa dh ckth os yxk 2srs gST os tkurs ;qH
)sa gkj thr dqL Hkh gks ldrh gST os )GR;q ds fy3 RkS;kj
gksdj 2sKk ds fy3 y*<rs gST v0u lo;QsFJ 0z2Kk;u djrs gST 6l
;qH )sa ;k rks vk0 ftrasxas ;k vk0 [kR) gks tk3axsT ;gk-
fOrh; 0qPLdkj ugha gksrkT
3sls gh ;f2 thou laxzk) )sa g) v0us Lok:k; dks vyx j[k
dj lsok Hkkouk ls lo;QsFJ dk;; dj 2sKk l)kt ds fy3 v0us
27
0zk.kksa dh vkg#fr 2sus dks rR0j gks rks dgk tk3xk fd g)
fuFdk) d); ;ksx dks /kkj.k dj fy3 gST 5'k rks g)sa tks
f)yuk gksxk f)ysxkT lSfud @ldh f$1rk dgk- djrk gST vkt
g) Lora?rk laxzk) ds lSfudks dh 6lfy3 $$k; djrs gSU E;ks
djrs gS @1gs ;k2 T 6lfy3 uk fd @1gksus v0us fy3 dqL u
$kgk U 2sKk dh Lora?rk ds fy3 os 0zk.kksa dks R;kxus ds fy3
rR0j gks x3T fuLok:k; d); gh thou ds laxzk) )sa l5yrk dh
0gyh vkSj vf1r) ]kr; gST
fod'0 dk loky gh ugha " ;qH )sa vk0dks v0uk lo;QsFJ dk;;
0z2fKk;r djuk gST thrksa ;k )jksa T Lora?rk laxzk) lsukuh
fouksck Hkkos us 6lfy3 Lora?rk laxzk) )sa lfR)fyr gksus ds
0#o; v0uh l)Lr @0kf/k;ksa dks tyk f2;k rkfd laxzk) ds ch$
)sa @1gs dHkh dks6; Lok:k; 0zyksfHkr u dj ldsT thou
laxzk) )sa l5yrk dh ogh ]kr; gS tks ;qH )sa l5yrk dh gST
Lora?rk laxzk) Hkh 3d thou laxzk) :kkT
)gkR)k lqdjkr 3s1:ksl uxj jk[; )sa foFk dk N;kyk 0h x3
fd1Rkq lR; dh @2D+kksFk.kk 0j *s jgsT os $kgrs rks
l)IkSrk dj ldrs :ks 0j laxzk) )s al)IkSrs dgk- gksrs gST
f5j lR; dk laxzk) rks vu#Jk gksrk gST )gkR)k lqdjkr 6lfy3
lR; ds laxzk) )sa fot; gks lds E;ksfd @1gksus v0us thou
)sa L0kh jk[; ls gq3 rhu ;qHksa )sa lf_; Hkkx fy;k :kk vkSj
os )gkR)k ds lk:k ]k#johj Hkh :ks T
thou laxzk) dk v:k; " thou laxzk) )sa gj 9;fEr dk 3d yM;
gksrk gST fcuk yM; dk Hkh dks6; thou gST 5zk1l dh
v/;kfR)d l1r Qh )k- dgrs gSU tSlk rqRgkjk yM; gksxkU oSlk
rqRgkjk thou gksxkT W 6lfy3 g)kjk tks Hkh yM; gksU @lds fy3
fuj1rj lo;QsFJ dk;; djuk vkSj W djks ;k )jksa W ds Hkko ls yxs
jguk thou ds laxzk) )sa l5yrk dk l#? gST laxzk) )sa
lo;QsFJ ohjrk Hkh 9;fErxr Lok:k; ds fy3 ugha gksrh T
lk)qfgd fgr gh g)kjk fgr gksrk gST 6lfy3 6l Hkkouk ls tks
dk;; fd;k tk3xk og gj gkyr )sa fuFdk) gksxkT f5j @l)sa gkj
Hkh thr gST thr rks thr gS ghT grkKk vkSj d);ghu vtq;u
dks ;gh rks xhr lquk;k gS Hkxoku dGF.k usT
vrY thou dks laxzk) )kus ;k ukd lo;QsFJ ohjrk
f2[kk3 ;k vfHku; Hkko 3d gh gSU 6lfy3 thou dk dks6; yM;
28
cuk63 T @-$k yM; $qfu3 vkSj laxzk) )sa djks ;k )jks ds
Hkko ls lfR)fyr gks tk63 thr vk0dh gh gST

""""""""""
9;:k; dh 2kS*< ls cf$3U vkjk) ls $fy3
29
thou )sa d); dk cgqr )gRo gST g) 3d Mk.k Hkh fcuk
d); fd3 jg gh ugha ldrsT fcuk d); fd3 jguk gh 3d ltk gST
d); thou dk ;Z gST d); ds fcuk g) thou ;k0u ugha dj ldrsT
6lfy3 xhrk )sa d); ;ksx dks 0z)q[k L:kku f2;k x;k gST d);
dk fLkHkar c*<k xgu gST g) lc d); ds v/khu gST g)kjs lkjs
0k0 0q.; d); ls r; fd3 tkrs gST d); ftl Hkko ls fd3 tkrs gST
@ldk vR;1r )gRo0#.k; L:kku gST d); g)kjs LokL:; 0j
0zHkko *kyrs gST g)kjh vk;q lkS oFk; gksT g) lf_; P0 ls
thou 9;rhr djsaT ;g g)kjh dk)uk gksrh gST
E;k g)kjk thou lrrD d)ks; 0j fuHk;j djrk gST E;k g)
d)ks; ds v/khu LokL:k vkSj vk;q 0krs gS . ;g 3d 3slk 0zKu gS
ftl 0j fo$kj dh vkoK;drk gST d); ds lk:k foQk) dk Hkh v0uk
)gRo gST g)kjk thou dsoy d); djus 0j 0zl1urk0#o;d fuok;g
ugha gks ldrkT foQk) Hkh vkoK;d gST 2kS*< tPjh gS fd1rq
g) dgk- tkuk $kgrs gS . 2kS*< dk 0fj.kk) E;k gksxkU ;g
Hkh fo$kj tPjh gS vrY d); ds lk:k fo$kj Hkh vkoK;d gST
foQk) fdruk vkoK;d gSU ;g Hkh 3d fo$kj.kh; 0zKu gST vk63
2s[ks U0Xs< 6l l)k$kj dksT
vkjk) djsa @)z cX<k3 " 5q12kt);uh E;k vk0 ]krk;q
gksuk $kgrs gS . vxj gk- rks dk) djuk Lksf*;s vkSj vkjk)
dhft3T t);uh ds 3d oSZkfud 0hj 3dL dk dguk gS fd yRch
2#jh rd 2kS*<us dh ctk; +kj )as cSJdj vkjk) djus okys ;k
LdoSKk [ksyus ds ctk; 2ks0gj dh uha2 ysus okys 9;fEr;ksa
ds vf/kd l); rd thfor jgus dh laHkkouk jgrh gST @udk dguk
gS fd [kkyh l); )sa /khjs"/khjs +kq)ukU Hk#[k ls [;k2k u
[kkuk gh v>Ls LokL:k dh fuKkkuh gST ysfdu cgqr
t'2h"t'2h $yuk LokL:k [kjkc djrk gST 0zks& 3El dk dguk
gS fd 0$kl oFk; dh @)z 0kj dj $qds 9;fEr v1; dk;ks; ds fy3
vkjfMkr @tk; dk @0;ksx djds yRch 2#jh rd 2kS*<rs gS vkSj
6l dkj.k @udh ;k2kKr d)tksj gks tkrh gS vkSj os l); ds 0gys
lfJ;k tkrs gST @1gksus lqcg t'2h tkxus dks f2uHkj dh
lqLrh dk dkj.k crkrs gq3 l#;ks;2; ds ck2 rd lkus dh lykg 2hT
vkjk) gjk) gS " ;g l)k$kj g)kjh /kkj.kkvksa dks @yrk gST
g) l)Irs gS vkjk) gjk) gST 6l 9;Lr 2qfu;k )sa vkjk) ds fy3
l); dgk- . f2u ds $kSfcl +kas vkt d) Nk*< jgs gST l5yrk
0kus ds fy3 fKk[kj 0j 0gq-$us ds fy3 3d va/kh 2kS*< $y jgh
30
gS U @l)sa Hkyk foQk) ds fy3 dSls lks$k tk ldrk gST [kjxksKk
foQk) djus Jgj x;k rks dqL3 ls gkj x;kT Hkyk 6l 0zfr;ksfxrk ds
;qx )sa vkjk) dSlk .
6l fc12q 0j fo$kj vkoK;d gST vkjk) @)z cX<kus ds fy3
l$)q$ vkoK;d gST g) l5yrk dh va/kh 2kS*< )sa HkkSfrd
l5yrk rks 0k ldrs gS 0j LokL:k ughaT 6l 2kS*< )sa vkjk)
gjk) +kksfFkr dj g) ch)kfj;ka cqyk ldrs gST LokL:k fcxk*<
ldrs gS vkSj g)kjh 0zkNr dh x6; HkkSfrd l5yrkU l)GfH 0j 0zKu
f$1g [k*<s dj ldrs gST yRch @)z 0kus ds fy3 vkjk) @ruk gh
vkoK;d gS ftruk dk;; djukU lf_; jgukT vkt rd tks fKk[kj 0j
0gq-$s gS @1gksus foQk) ds 6l rRo dks ;k2 j[kk gST
yRch @)z dk jgL; " yRch @)z dk HkkSfrd l5yrkvksa ls
dks6; laca/k ugha jgk gST 3sls cgqr ls dkjd gS tks yRch
@)z vkSj LokL:k ds dkjd gS ftu 0j g) /;ku gh ugha 2srsT ;f2
g) @u 0j /;ku 2sa rks va/kh 2kS*< 0j v0us vk0 fu;a?.k yx
tk3xkT
6F;k; vkSj _ks/k " 6;F;k; vkSj _ks/k yRch vk;q ds 2qK)u
uRcj 3d gST 61gs Hkxo2D xhrk )sa ujd dk Okj dgk x;k gST
vkt dh 0zfr;ksfxrk dh va/kh xykdk thou 0Hfr )sa 6;F;k; 3d
vkoK;d 0zsjd rRo gST 6;F;k; ds fcuk 0zfr;ksfxrk dk fo$kj gh
g) ugha dj ldrsT 30ksf^5k /k);xz1:k )sa dgk x;k gSU 6;F;k;
vkSj _ks/k thou dks Lksk dj 2srs gS W 6lfy3 tPjh gS fd g)
yRch 2kS*< ds 6l thou )sa Jgj dj fo$kj djsaT
l2k$kj " yRch @)z vkSj v>Ls thou ds fy3 l2k$kj dk gksuk
vkoK;d gST ;f2 g) 2Sfo; xq.kksa ls 0#.k; gksaxs rHkh g)kjs
thou )sa @2kjrkU R;kxU 0zs)U lg;ksx UMk)k tSls xq.k gksxsT
g) 6;F;k; UOsFk ls vyx jgsaxsT yRch vkSj vku120#.k; thou
ds fy3 l2k$kjh thou vkoK;d gST )uqL)Gfr )sa dgk x;k gS U
Wl2k$kjhUQHkoku vkSj 6;Fkk jfgr )uqF; lkS oFk; thfor jgrk gST
;f2 v1; xq.k d) gks ;k u Hkh gks ;f2 l2k$kj ds xq.k 9;fEr
)sa gS rks og 0zfr;ksfxrk ls ckgj jgsxkU ruko jfgr jgsxk vkSj
yRch vk;q 0kosxkT W
2z9; ]kqfH d)ks; dh ]kqfH " yRch vk;q ds fy3 2z9;KkqfH
vkSj d)ks; dh ]kqfH Hkh vkoK;d gST ;f2 g) l)kt 2zksgh
31
xfrfof/k;ksa )sa laySu jg dj vf/kdr)D /ku vt;u dh 0zfr;ksfxrk
)sa lyaSu gksxs rks Hkys gh HkkSfrd l)GfH g) 0k ys fd1rq
yRch vk;q ugha 0k ldrsT Hkkjrh; xz1:k ;ksx ofKkF )sa dgk
x;k gS U W )uqF;ksa dh vk;q d) o vf/kd gksus )sa 2sKkdkyU
f_;k U 2z9;KkqfH vKkqfH vkSj Lod)ks; dh ]kqfH "vKkqfH dkj.k
gksrs gS W yRch vk;q ds fy3 6u xq.kksa dks l2k$kj ds
v1rx;r gh )kuuk $kfg3T
Hkkstu " Hkkstu dk LokL:k02 o Lo>L f)yuk Hkh vk;q ds
yRcs o Lkss gksus ls lRc1/k j[krk gST fg12h )sa 3d dgkor
gS W dklkHkj [kkuk vklk Hkj lksuk W yRch vk;q dk dkjd gS T
@0jkssEr lHkh rRoksa )sa 9;k;k) dk dgha @''ks[k ugha
gST ;f2 g) [k#c f_;kKkhy gks vkSj 9;k;k) Hkh djs rc Hkh 6l
ckr dks lqfufK$r P0 ls +kksfFkr ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd g)kjh vk;q
yRch gksxh fd1rq 6;F;kU OsFk jfgr l2k$kj Hkjh vkjk) 2k;d
ft12xh fufK$r gh yRch gksxhT
vkjk) djsU @)z cX<k3 dk ukjk fufK$r P0 ls ]kk1r thou
thus dk l12sKk gST ;g l12sKk dgrk gS yRch 2#jh dh 2kS*<
2kS*<uk 9;:k; gST 6l 2kS*< dh 9;:k;rk 2kS*< ds v1r
)sa 0rk $yrh gS tc gk:k )sa dqL ugha vkrkU rc gh 2kS*<
dh 9;:k;rk dk Zku gksrk gST 6l Rk:; dks lkfgR;dkj ]ksElf0;j
us jksf);ksa "tqfy; )sa 6l 0zdkj dgk gSW WWcqfH)rk ds lk:k
vkSj /kh)as $yksaU tks rst Hkkxrs gS @1gs Jksdj yxrh gS
WW Lok)h jk)rh:k; us 6lh ckr dks 6l 0zdkj dgk gSU WW lHkh
l>$k dk) vkjk) gS WW 6l 2GfF ls t);u oSZkfud ds ]kks/k 0j
fo$kj djsxs rks yxsxk fd v1/kh 2kS*< 9;:k; gST ruko
@R01u djus okyh gST g) +k*<h 0gurs Hkh gS vkSj l); dh
0kc12h dh ckr Hkh djrs gS fd1rq dHkh +k*<h ds dkas ds
vuqlkj l);cH dk;; ugha djrs E;ksfd +k*<h ds dkas dks
)gRo 2sus ls thou )sa ruko vkrk gST dk) dk v0uk )gRo gS
fd1rq dk) ds lk:k dJksjrk dk dks6; Hkh rRo dk) ds vku12
dks l)kNr dj 2srk gST ;gh dkj.k gS fd 0zfr;ksfxrk )sa @rjs
vf/kdkaKk ;qok tokuh )sa oGHkoL:kk dh ch)kfj;ksa ls xzflr
gks jgs gST d)j22; U 0hJ22;U @>$ jEr$k0U *k;fCkht Uf2;
jksxU volk2U ruko vkt ;qokvksa )sa Hkh 0k;k tk jgk gST
;qokvksa vkSj fdKkksjksa )sa vkR)gR;k dh 0zoGfr cX< jgh
gST fagalk cX< jgh gS tks @uds thou )sa vk6; fujkKkk dk
32
0fj.kk) gST 6lfy3 /kh)sa $yksU ]kk1r $yksa vkSj yRch vk;q
0zkNr djks U ;gh thou dh l>$k6; gST
vkt rd 2qfu;k )sa tks Hkh )gRo0#.k; )kuo d';k.k ds
]kks/k gq3 gS UoSZkfud @0dj.k 0zkNr fd3 x3 gS os lc ]kk1rU
3dkxzU /kS;;0#o;d fuj1rj fd3 x3 0z;ksxksa ds 5y gST t'2ckth
)sa rsth ls dks6; Hkh )gRo0#.k; dk;; vkt rd ugha
gqvkT 3d dgkor 0zflH gS t'2h dk) ]kSrku dk T vrY thou
)sa ;f2 dqL )gRo0#.k; 0zkNr djuk gS rks vkjk) lsU ruko jfgr
gksdj gh 0k;k tk ldrk gST 6lfy3 ;f2 dks6; oSZkfud ]kks/k
dj ;g dgrk gS fd vkjk) djsaU @)z cX<k3 rks @l 0j fo$kj fd;k
tkuk $kfg3T Qh)2D Hkxor xhrk )sa Hkxoku QhdGF.k d);;ksx
dh 0zsj.kk 2srs gS fd1rq d);;ksx )sa Hkh v1/kh 2kS*< ds
fy3 dks6; l12sKk ugaha gST g)kjh ;ksS;rkU Mk)rkU0fjfL:kfrU
okrkoj.k vkSj ]kfEr ds vuqlkj g) tks vf/kdr) 0#.k;
xq.koRRrk ds lk:k dj ldsU ogha djus dh 0zsj.kk @l)sa gST
v1/kh xykdk 0zfr;ksfxrk rks dk)uk vkSj Lok:kks;a ds dkj.k
gksrh gS ftldk QhHkxorD xhrk )sa fuFks/k gST fdlh Hkh /k);
xz1:k )sa 6l 0zdkj dh 0zfr;ksfxrk dk l):k;u ugha gS tks g)
vk/kqfudrk ds uk) 0j v0uk jgs gST ck')hfd jk)k;.k )sa dgk
x;k gS tks d); ds 5y dk fo$kj u dj dsoy d); ds fy3
2kS*<rk gSU @ldk 5'k f)yus ds l); @lh 0zdkj ]kksd djrk
gS tSls X<kd dk oGMk lhsa$us okyk djrk gST yRch @)z
vkSj ]kk1r thou ds fy3 LokL:k 02 Hkkstu vkSj 0#.k;
foQk)2k;d uha2 gh vkoK;d gS ftlds fy3 rukojfgr thou vkoK;d
gST 6lfy3 9;:k; dh 2kS*< 0j fo$kj dhft3 vkSj vkjk)2k;d
f$1rk)qEr thou dk 0zkjRHk dhft3T 6lls vk0dh @)z rks
cX<sxh ghU v1rjkR)k dh vkokt lquus dk l); f)ysxkU lgh
fu.k;; gksxsU l5yrk vk0dk 61rtkj djsxhT 9;:k; dh 2kS* ls
v1r )sa fujkKkk ds flok; dqL Hkh ugha f)yrkT
"""""""""""""
33
l>$h f)?rk @Rr) LokL:; ds l)ku gS T
os 0z:k) Qs.kh ds vf/kdkjh :ks vkSj vEl)kr $yrs $yrs fxj
x3 :ksT )Sa @1gs 2s[kus x;kT @uds lqljky 0Mk ds fjKrs2kj
@udh f$1rk dj jgs :ksT os ]kk1r fcLrj 0j 0*<s :ksT dqL 2sj
ck2 gh 3d l[tu czh5dsl @Jk3 d)js )sa 0zosKk fd3 vkSj cksysU
W dSls gks f)? . W @l vf/kdkjh us lquk U2s[kk vkSj @J dj cSJ
dj dgkU W v>Lk g#-a T v>Lk jgk rq) vk x3W @l vf/kdkjh us
0Ruh dks cqyk;k vkSj $k; ykus dks dgk T
;g 2GK; :kk T 3d ch)kj vf/kdkjh ds +kj dkT @uds f)?
E;k vk3 3d ]kkfEr f)y x6; @1gsa T os @Jdj cSJ x3T 0rk $yk
os @uds c$0u ds f)? :ksT yxk fd ch)kjh uks 2ks S;kjg gks
x6;T la/;k dks os v0us f)? ds lk:k ]kgj ds ckgj +kq)us x3
vkSj 2#ljs f2u v0us dk;k;y; ds dk) 0j yx x3T f)? thou )sa
cgqr c*<k lgkjk rks gksrk gh gS U3d vkSFk/kh dk dk) Hkh
djrk gS T 6lfy3 vjLrq us fy[kk gSU W 2ks ]kjhjksa )sa jgrh
gS 3d vkR)kW /k);xz1:k 3oksf?dk )sa rks fuFJkoku f)? dks
thou dh vkSFkf/k gh dgk x;k gST
vkSFk/kh dk dk) " f)? vkSFk/kh dk dk) dSls djrs gSU ;g 3d
fo$kj.kh; 0zKu gST vkt dh foFk) 0fjfL:kfr;ksa )sa l)L;kvksa
dk )d*<tky gST vkSj 6lfy3 rukoxzLRk gks tkuk LokHkkfod
gST c>$s rd gks tkrs gS rukoxzLrT 3sls )sa v0us ruko dks
fdlls dgsT dSls lqyIk3- v0uh l)L;k . fdlls ys lykg . ;s 0zKu gS
tks f)? dh ;k2 f2ykrs gST 3d f)? ls g) v0uh vR;1r xks0uh; ls
34
xks0uh; ckr dg ldrs gST ckr dg 2sus ls g) cgqr g'ds gks
tkrs gS vkSj @u Mk.kksa )sa f)? dh lgk;rkU lykg vkSj
)kx;2Kk;u g)kjs fy3 lgkjk cu tkrk gST vkt ds 6l ;qx )sa
dqL +kuk3- 3slh gksrh gST tks ;qod ;k ;qorh v0us 0Ruh ;k
0fr dks Hkh dguk ugha $kgrhT 3sls )sa 3d foKoluh; f)? gh
lgkjk cu dj @Hkjrk gST jktk HkGrgfj dgrs gSU W l[tu yksxksa
us v>Ls f)? ds fuRu yMk.k crk3 gSU og v0us f)? dks 0k0ksa
ls 2#j j[krk gSU @ls v>Ls fgrdj dk;ks; )sa yxkrk gS U@lds
xqNr jgL;ksa dks fL0k3 jgrk gS vkSj @lds xq.kksa dks @tkxj
djrk gST vk0fRr )sa lk:k ugha Lks*<rk vkSj vkoK;drk
0*<us 0j /ku Hkh 2srk gST W fo$kj dhft3 3slk f)? ruko dh
0fjfL:kfr;ksa )sa vkSFk/kh dk dk;; E;ksa ugh djsxk .
f)?ksa dh 0g$ku " 3sls f)? cgqr vf/kd ugha gks ldsT g)
ft1gsa lk)k1; v:kks; )sa f)? dg 2srs gS os f)? gks ugha
ldrsT os lg;ksxhU lgd)h; vkSj 0fjf$r gh gksrs gST f)? rks
@-xyh 0j fxus tk ldus okys gh gksrs gST @udh la[;k vf/kd
gks gh ugha ldrh T
gsujh 3*Rl us dgk gS U W thou )sa 3d f)? f)y x;k rks
cgqr gS T 2ks vf/kd gS vkSj rhu rks f)y gh ugha ldrs W 6lfy3
;f2 cgqr vf/kd f)?ksa dh la[;k gS rks fo$kj dhft3 fd 3sls f)?
dkSu gS tks ruko ds l); )u dh xk-J [kksy ldsT vkSFk/kh cu
ldsT
dGF.k tSls f)? $qfu3 " Hkxor xhrk ds 0z:k) v/;k; )sa vtq;u
ds laok2ksa 0j /;ku 2hft3T 2#ljs v/;k; ds uks ]yksdksa rd 3slk
0zrhr gksrk gS fd )gku /ku/kkjh vtq;u f*0zsKku )sa vk x3
gST l)L;k gS os ;qH djs ;k uk djsa T ;qH ds )S2ku )sa vtq;u
dh 6l )ufL:kfr 0j /;ku 2hft3 T vtq;u ]kksd )Su gST og v0uk
dr;9; Hk#y x;k gST @ls l)I )sa ugha vk jgk fd og ;qH
E;ksa djsa . ]kksdk;qEr U vQq0qfjr us?ksa okys vtq;u j:k ds
vklu 0j cSJ x;k gST )gkohj vtq;u dgrk gSU gS xksfo12 a )Sa
;qH ughaa dP-xkU vkSj $q0 gks x;k T W
vkt Hkh ;qok fujkKk U grkKk gks tkrk gST @ldh ;gh
fL:kfr gksrh gST vusd fdKkksj ;qod 0jhMkk )sa vl5yrk U
csjkstxkjh vkSj 0zs) )sa vl5yrk ds dkj.k xgu ]kksd )sa 0*<
dj f*0zsKku ds fKkdkj gks tkrs gS vkSj vkR)gR;k dj ysrs gST
vkR)gR;k dh ;s +kuk3- Pd ldrh gSU ;f2 3d ldkjkR)d lks$
35
okyk f)? gks ftlds d1/ks 0j flj j[kdj jks;k tk ldsT v0uk 22;
vQqvksa )sa cgk;k tk ldsT f)? ds lkaRouk ds LojU lg;ksx
vkSj lykg 3sls l); )sa vfr)gRo0#.k; gksrk gST vkR)gR;k
djus okyk ;qod 6ruk fujkKk gksrk gS fd @ls dks6; lgkjk
f2[kk6; ugha 2srkT og @l 3d grkKkk ds Hkkoqd Mk.k )sa ;g
fu.k;; ysrk gST ;f2 ;g Mk.k fudy tkosa rks ogh ;qok dy dk
vk2Kk; ;qok cu dj @Hkj ldrk gST 3sls l); )sa f)? 3d
vkSFk/kh ds PNk gh gksrs gST /kuq/kkjh vtq;u ds l[kk tc xqP
cu dj @Hkjrs gS rks vtq;u dh l)L;k gy gks tkrh gST
lad lc 0j vkrs gST 3sls l); )sa )u vusd uk$ u$krk gST
)u ds jksxxzLr gksrs gh Hkyk $axk ]kjhj Hkh grkKk gks tkrk
gST laLdGr dfo Hkkjfo dgrs gSU W )u ds 2qY[kh gksus 0j lc
dqL vlk/; gks tkrk gST W vkSj )u dh fujksxrk gh l>$h
fujksxrk gST dgrs Hkh gS )u $axk rks dJksrh )sa xaxk T
;s 2qY[k2 Mk.k thou )sa 0zR;sd 9;fEr dks dHkh u dHkh
voK; vkrs gST jk)k;.k )sa lhrkgj.k dh d:kk 3slh gh fL:kfr dk
o.k;u djrh gST Hkxoku jk) tc vax2 vkSj guq)ku ls f)yrs gS
rks f)?rk dh Hk#f)dk curh gST ck')hdh jk)k;.k )sa vax2
dks f)? ds P0 )sa gh Lohdkj fd;k x;k gST fo$kj dhft3 jk)k;.k
)sa ;f2 vax2 vkSj guq)ku u gks rks d:kk dk E;k P0 gksT vr
Y 0zR;sd 9;fEr dks 2ks $kj okLrfod f)?ks adk $;u dj @u 0j
foKokl djuk gh $kfg3 T
f)?ksa dk $;u " ;g lcls )gRo0#.k; dk;; gST 6l)sa t'2ckth
Jhd ughaT ;f2 0k-$ lkr oFk; Hkh f)? 0jhMk.k )sa yx tk3-
rks Hkh dks6; ckr ugha fd1Rkq 3d ckj f)? cuk dj Lks*<uk
2qY[k2k;h gksrk gST [k#c Jksd ctkdj f)? cuk6;3 T f)?
cukdj v0uk Hkh 2kf;Ro fuHkk6;;s vkSj 2ks ]kjhj 3d 0zk.k cu
tk63 T
0qLRkdksa dks Hkh cuk6;3 f)? " v0us f)?ksa ds $;u )sa
0qLrdksa 0j /;ku 2hft3T foKo )sa 0qLrdsa g)kjh lcls v>Lh f)?
gks ldrh gST os dHkh /kks[kk ugha 2srhT os gj l)L;k ds gy
djus ds fy3 vuqHko P0h 0qF0 ltk3- l2k rR0j jgrh gST 0qLrds
0qLrdky; ls Hkh $;u dh tk ldrh gS vkSj v>Lh 0qLrdsa rks
fcLrj ds fljgkus g)sKkk j[kh jguh gh $kfg3T 0qLrds g)ls
fook2 ugha djrhU fd1rq ckr g)sKkk djrh gST
36
0Ruh dks Hkh cuk63 f)? " v0uh 0Ruh dks Hkh f)? ds P0 )sa
2sf[k3 T og xRHkhj Mk.kksa )sa vk0dh )kx;2fKk;dk gks ldrh
gST vk0ds lq[k 2qY[k @lds Hkh lq[k 2qY[k gS T og vk0ds
grkKkk ds Mk.kksa )sa f)? ds P0 )sa lgk;d gks ldrh gST
)gkHkkjr )sa 9;fEr ds xaq.k U fo\kU ]k#johjrk U 2Mkrk U
cy vkSj /kS;; dks LoHkkfod f)? dgk x;k gST ;f2 lad ds
l); ;s xq.k fo\)ku gks rks f5j grkKk gksus dk dkj.k gh ughaa
gST
f)? gS vkSFk/kh P0 " )kufld rukoU f*0zsKku vkf2 )sa f)? dh
Hk#f)dk c*<h vg) gks tkrh gST 3d vZkr dfo us dgk gSU
9;kf/krL;k:k;ghuL; 2sKkk1rj xrL; $ T
ujL; ]kksd2S/kL; lqgO2Kk;uHkkSFk/k) TT
v:kk;rD jksxU fu/k;uU 0j2sKkhU ]kksd 0hf*<r )uqF; ds
fy3 f)? dk 2Kk;1k vkSFk/k P0 gS T
l>$h f)?rk dks cuk3 j[kuk c*<k 2kf;Ro dk dk;; gST 0k2jh
3oa f[kyk*<h $k'l; dsoy dk'u us dgk gSU l>$h f)?rk
@Rr) LokL:; ds l)ku gS U @udk )gRo rHkh Zkr gksrk gSU tc
g) @ls [kks cSJrs gST W
6lfy3 thou )sa fxus $qus f)? cuk63 vkSj vku12 yhft3 T
""""""""""""
37
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG3d gk:k ls rkyh dHkh ugha
ctrh
)Sa 3d 0fjokj )sa )sg)ku :kk T jkf? ds Hkkstu ds ck2 )Sa fcLrj
0j foQk) ds fy3 0gq-a$kT :kks*<h 2sj ck2 )qIs 0kl ds d)js ls 0fr 0Ruh
ds okd;qH ds Loj lquk6; f23 T ;s Loj c*<h rhoz xfr ls cX< jgs :ks T
:kks*<h 2sj Ckk2 os 2ksuks y*<rs gq3 d)js ds ckgj vk x3 T 0Ruh
us 0fr dks xkyh 2h T 0fr us 3d $kak jlh2 dj f2;k T 0Ruh us 0kl )sa
0*<h Ik*# @Jk yh vkSj Ix*<k cX<rk tk jgk :kk T )Sus 0fr dks
*kak Uog $q0$k0 $yk x;k T 0Ruh lqcdrs gq3 )sjs 0kl csJh T :kks*h
2sj ck2 og @Jh vkSj og Hkh $yh
x6; f5j jkr kkf1r ls chrh T
6l tks*s dks fookfgr gq3 2l oKk; gks x3 gS T 2ksuks @>$
fFkMkk 0zkNr gS T 2ksuks v>Lk osru 0krs gS T lq[k lqfo/kk ds lc lk/ku
gS T 3d 0k-a$ oKk; dk csk gS f5j Hkh ;g V xGg ;qH W gqvk tks
38
fufF$r gh vFkksHkuh; :kk T foFksKkdj tc 3d oGH )sg)ku Jgjk gqvk
:kk fd1rq 3slk 0Ruh 0fr ds ch$ gksrk gS T 2#ljs f2u os 0zl1uf$Rr dk)
0j x3 T g)kjs 2sFk )s )fgykvksa dks +kjsyq fgalk ds foPH 3d vk/k fu;)
cuk gqvk gS @l 0Ruh us @l vf/kfu;) dk @0;ksx ugha fd;k T
+kjsyq Ix*<s LoHkkfod " g)kjs 2sFk )sa 3d dgkor gS fd tgk- 0k-$
cjru gksxs ogk- cjruksa dh vkokt gksxh T ;g vkokt gksuk LoHkkfod
gh gS T 6l 0j f$1rk dk dkj.k ugha gS T 6ls v0jk/k dh dksf )sa ugha
)kuuk $kfg3 T 2sf[k3 fdzds ds )S2ku )sa tgk- gtkjksa 2Fk;d gksrs
gS f[kykf*;ksa ds ch$ uksd Iksad gksrh gh gS T vc @ldh fFkdk;rs
gksus yxh gS T 6l lRc1/k )sa dzsx )Sdf)yu 1;#thyS.* ds 0#o;
vkyjk@.*j E;k dgrs gS WW fdzds )S2ku 0j f[kykf*;ksa ds ch$
:kks*h dgklquh vkSj fdkfN0.kh 0j 0zfrc1/k yxkus ls [ksy dk )tk gh
[kR) gks tk3xk T f[kyk*h jkscks dh rjg gks tk3xs vkSj [ksy )Fkhuh
ra? dk fgLlk T WV
0fr"0Ruh ds ch$ Hkh V :kks*h lh W dgklquh 3slh gh +kuk gS T
@udh dgklquh 0zs)"v0uRo dh l#$d gS T ;f2 ;g u gks rks f5j 0fjokj dk
vku12 gh l)kNr gks tk3xk T f5j rks 0fr"0Ruh )Fkhu dh rjg )qLdjkrs
jgsxs T ft12kf2y yksxks ds ch$ dqL [k0 gksuk LoHkkfod gS T 3d
kk;j us 6ldk E;k [k#c o.k;u fd;k gS T
V c2tk;dk gS kjct Uxj rqj;Fkh u gks T
fclkys ;kj )sa Hkh $kfg3 rdjkj :kks*h lh TT
rqj;Fkh dgrs gS [kk6; dks T ;f2 kjcr )sa [kk6; u gks rks
kjcr csLok2 gksrk gS 3sls gh 0sz) )sa ;f2 rdjkj u gks rks og 0zs) Hkh
csLok2 gks tk3xk T lgh gS rc 0fr"0Ruh jkscks dh rjg )Fkhuh ft12xh
ft3xs T ysfdu 6l)sa lc )gRo dh ckr gS V :kks*h lh WT
cX<rh fgalk " ;g V :kks*h lh Wvc );k;2k yka+k jgh gS T 0fr "0Ruh
ds Ix*s v2kyr rd tk jgs gS T )fgyk 3oa cky d';k.k )a?h js.kqdk
$kS/kjh us yksd lHkk )sa 3d fyf[kr c;ku )sa crk;k fd luD (BB4 )sa +
kjsyq fgalk ds %B( )k)ys 2t; gq3 :ks Uogh (BB8 )sa ,7/ )k)ys 2t;
gq3 T ;s )k)ys rhu xquk cX< x3 T 6u )k)yksa dk v2kyr rd tkuk 3d
39
fo$kj.kh; foKk; gS T oSls 6rus foFkky 2sFk )s ;g la[;k vf/kd ugha gS 0j
6udh la[;k )sa oGfH fo$kj.kh; rks gS gh T g)sa ;g fuladks$ Lohdkj
djuk $kfg3 fd 0fF$) dh lH;rk ds 0zHkko ds dkj.k r:kk @0HkksErkok2
ds dkj.k V xGgL:k vkQ) W vc ugha jgk T la;qEr 0fjokj fc[kj x3 vkSj
9;fErok2 dk fo$kj $y 0*<k gS T 6lh dkj.k Hkys gh +kjsyq fgalk ds
)k)ys fodjky PNk ls lk)us u vk3 gks fd1rq rykd dh 0zoGfr cX<rh tk jgh
gS T 0fr"0Ruh )sa foFokl ds lRc1/k d)tksj gks x3 gST 3d 2#ljs ds 0zfr
laFk; cX<rk tk jgk gS T 0fr"0Ruh vk0l )sa gR;k rd djk jgs gST ;s +
kuk3a g)sa $srkouh 2srh gS fd ;s lRc1/kksa dh d*h d)tksj gks jgh
gS T 6lds E;k dkj.k gS @l 0j fo$kj fd;k tkuk l); dh vkoF;drk gST
E;k gS dkj.k " 3d l); :kk tc L?h dk NkMk d)tksj )kuk tkrk :kk T vkt
L?h 0qPKk l)kurk dks g) Lohdkj dj $qds gS 0j vHkh Hkh g)kjh
)kufldrk ugha c2yh gS L?h ds 0zfr tks lR)ku gksuk $kfg3 og @ls
ugha f)yrk T Jhd 3slk gh 0qPKk vuqHko djrs gS T os dgrs gS fd
)fgykvksa ds NkMk )sa dku#u cu tkus ds dkj.k 6udk 2qPNk;ksx gks
jgk gS vkSj )fgyk3a vkSj @uds 0fjtu 6uds vk/kkj 0j g)sFkk Hk;Hkhr
djrs jgrs gS T
fookg dk vk/kkj 0sz) gS T 0sz) gks rks lR)ku cuk jgrk gS tc 0zs)
dk vHkko gksrk gS vkSj vgadkj dk @2; gksrk gS rks fook2 0zkjRHk
gks tkrs gS T 2#ljs dh d)tksfj;ksa dk 0rk $y tkrk gS vkSj rc f5j og
0sz) Jgj ugha 0krk vkSj fook2 @tkxj gksus yxrs gST 6l 2qfu;k )as
dks6; Hkh 3d2) 0#.k; ugha gksrk T g) lc d)tksfj;ksa ds 0qrys gS T
v0us 0zs)h dh l)Lr d)tksfj;ksa ds lk:k @ls $kgus dk uk) gh rks 0zs)
gS 6lfy3 lc Ix*<ksa dh t*< 0sz) vHkko gS T g) fook2 ds fy3 $kgs
ftrus dkj.k crk3 0j )#y dkj.k 3d gh gS T
0zs) ds vHkko ds dkj.k " fookg ds 0zkjRHk )sa 0sz) gks vkSj ck2 )sa
vHkko 0S2k gks rks @lds E;k dkj.k gks ldrs gS "fo$kj dhft3 T
%&vkt dy fookg 0#.k; 9k;Ld gksus dh voL:kk )sa gksrk gS T 6l
voL:kk rd 0fjokj )sa tks laLdkj f)yrs gS @ldk oSokfgd thou 0j c*<k
0zHkko jgrk gS T g) vf/kdkjksa dks tkurs gq3 9k;Ld gksrs gS T
40
dr;9; rks fo$kjrs gh ugha T xGgL:k vkQ) )sa dr;9; gh vf/kd gksrs
gS T dr;9; 0kyu djus ds ck2 gh vf/kdkj vkrs gS T vf/kdkjksa dh +
kksKk.kk vkSj dr;9;ksa o 2kf;Roksa 0j vk-[k )q2uk gh fook2 dk
dkj.k gksrk gS T 6lds ch$ 3d fL0k vgadkj jgrk gS fd )Sa lo;QsKJ
g#-aT )Sa E;ksa 2c#T 6l $Edj )sa 3d 2#ljs ds 2ksKk [kksts tkrs
gSaT @1gsa @tkxj fd;k tkrk gST 3d 2#ljs 0j 2ksKk yxk3 tkrs gST ;f2
dks6; Loa; dks l)I2kj l)Is rks dks6; gt; ugha ysfdu vf/kdkjksa dh
\ksKk.kk ds lk:k 2#ljs dks )#[k; l)Iuk Ix*<s dh t*< cu tkrk gST
vk0dk lk:kh tSlk Hkh gS og vk2j dk 0k? gS 0j l)kurk ds ukjs ds
lk:k ;g vk2j 2suk g) Hk#y jgs gS T f)?rk )sa Hkh l)kurk jgrh gS T
f)?rk Hkh fcuk vk2j ds ugah jg ldrh 0j ;s laLdkj vc 0fjokj )sa ugha f23
tkrs gS vc ;s laLdkj lh[krh gS h&oh& $Su'l lsU f)?ksa lsU
0?"0f?dkvksa ls vkSj ;gk-a lh[kus ds fy3 cgqr dqL ugha gksrkT 3d
0fjokj )sa Hkkstu [kkus ds ck2 I#Js cr;u scy 0j 0*<s jgrs gSaT
@1gs @Jkuk ;s lc 0fjokjksa )sa ughs $yrkT 0fjokj gksy ugha gST
ogk-a 0zs) v0uRo gksuk $kfg3T 6u Lksh Lksh ckrksa 0j Hkh ;qH
fL*< tkrk gST
(& 6l okrkoj.k )sa kkafr L:kk0uk ds fy3 dkas6; ugha gksrkT gk-a
vkx yxkus ds fy3 3d rGrh; 0Mk jgrk gST tks )k;dk ;k llqjky gksrk
gST ;s 0Mk v0us 0Mk dks 0qK djus ds fy3 Hk*<dkc-a fdz;k dyk0 0S2k
djrk gST 6l rGrh; 0Mk )sa 0qfyl vkSj vfHkHkkKkd ox; dk Hkh lg;ksx
f)y tkrk gS vkSj rc vkx )sa +kh *kyus ds fy3 d6; /kkjk3aU rd;U +
kuk3a @0fL:kr gks tkrs gS ftudk okLro )sa gksuk 0k;k gh ugha tkrk
T
,& 6l l); rd ;qok 0fr 0Ruh dks lgh )kSk;2Fk;u 2sus ds fy3 0fjokj dk
dks6; cqtqx; ugha gksrk ftlds 0zHkko ls 2ksuks ds )/; 0zs) ds cht
cks3 tk3T g)us cqtqxks; dks rks 2qF)u )ku 0fjokj laL:kk ls ckgj
fudky gh f2;k gS T rc os dgk- ls @0fL:kr gks T 0fr "0Ruh ds
Ixs*<kas ds fy3 fdlh 1;k;ky; dh vkoF;drk ugha gS T os Lo;a v0uh
41
l)L;k gy djs T ;f2 os l)L;k gy u dj 0k3 rks 0fjokj ds cqt;x l)L;k dk gy
[kksts T ;f2 @uls Hkh gy u gks rks 1;k;ky; vf1r) $j.k gks ldrk gS
ysfdu 6l Lrj 0j 0j Hkh ch$ )s vfHkHkkKkdksa dh vkoF;drk ugha gS ;s
0zs) dk lkS2k gS 6l)sa dku#uh rd; ford; ugha Uvk0lh l)I gh dk)
vkuk $kfg3 T
/& vkt 0fjokjksa ds #us )sa Hkkstu cukus ds 0zfr vPf$ Hkh 3d dkj.k
gS T Hkkstu cukus dk fFkMk.k f2;k gh ugha tkrk T f2;k tkrk gS rks
lrgh rkSj 0j tc fd Hkkstu thou ds fy3 vfuok;; gS vkSj @ldh fofo/krk
vkSj )); tkuuk LokL:; ds fy3 vfuok;; gST jlks6; g)kjs thou ds
ds12z )as gS T g) dk)okyh )fgykvksa ds Hkjksls ugha $y ldrs T
@udk lg;ksx ysuk Jhd gS ysfdu @u 0j fuHk;j gksuk 0jra?rk gS T vkt
;qod ;qofr;ksa dks dsoy NkX<uk Uv>Ls vad ykuk U@$s osru dh
ukSdjh ;k 9;olk; djuk fl[kk;k tkrk gS T Hkkstu o jlks6; +kj ds 0zfr ;g
@2klhurk 0fr 0Ruh ds ch$ fook2 0S2k dj 2srk gST v>Ls Hkkstu dk
g)kjs LokL:k vkSj )u ls Hkh lRc1/k gST
4& l$ ckr ;g gS fd 0fjokj $yrk gS lsokU R;kxU 0zs) vk0lh lR)ku lsT ;gh
xGgL:k vkQ) dh )#y vk/kkj Hk#f) gST vkQ) ds laca/k )sa laLdGr
foOku Hkksykuk:k k)k; dgrs gS V ftl 0zdkj v1u dh @R0fRr ds fy3
vk2;Fk cht Hka*kjksa dh vkoF;drk gksrh gST @lh 0zdkj )kuo fodkl
ds fy3 QHkyq larksKkh 3oa 2GX<orh 9;fEr;ksa ds vkQ)ksa dh vkoF;drk
gksrh gST W 6u xq.kks ds dkj.k gh 2ksuksa 0Mkksa )sa 0zs) 0u0rk
gST 6l)sa dkas6; Hkh 3d 0Mk Loa; dks QsKJ )kus vkSj 2#ljs dks ghu
rks ;g vagdkj dzks/k @R01u djsxk ghT xhrk )sa dzks/k dks ujd dk O
kj crk;k gST ;f2 3d 2#ljs ds 0zfr lR)ku dk Hkko u gksxk rks f5j fookg
dk dks6; v:k; ugha gST
>xM+ksa ls mits ifj.kke" 0fjokjksa )s tks Ix*<s cX< jgs gS @lds 2q
Y[k2 0fj.kk) @Hk; 0Mk dks Hkqxrus 0*<rs gST lcls vf/kd ladxzLRk
gksrs gSa c>$sT os v0us dks vlqjfMkr l)I Hk;Hkhr jgrs gSaT @udks
42
0fjokj )sa 0zkjaHk ls gh xyr laLdkj f)y tkrs gaST 5yLod0 3sls c>$s
c*<s gksdj vlk)kftd vkSj fgald gks tkrs gST os l)kt )sa l)L;k3 0S2k
djrs gST v0jk/k cX<krs gS @udk laca/kks )sa foFokl ugha jgrkT
0fjokj )sa 0fr 0Ruh ds ch$ fook2 U rukoU f*0zsFku rks ykrk gh gSU
;g Hkh vfoFokl dk okrkoj.k fuf);r djrk gST 61gha Mk.kksa )sa 0fr
0Ruh vkSj VoksW dk @2Dx) gksrk gST vkt ;f2 0fr laFk; )sa 0Ruh dh
gR;k dj jgk gS vkSj 0Ruh 0fr dh gR;k dj jgh gST rks 6ldk dkj.k ;g laFk;
vkSj VoksWrRo gh gST laFk; dh 2ok yqd)ku gdh) ds 0kl Hkh ugha
gST la2sg E;k E;k dj ldrk gS 6l laca/k )s lqfu3 vaxzst fuca/k ys[kd
5zkafll csdu E;k dgrs gSU V fo$kjksa )sa la2sg 0fMk;ksa )sa
f$)xk2*<ks ds l)ku gksrs gST os l2k /kaq/kys 0zdkFk )sa gh
@*<rs gST fula2sg @1gsa 2f)r fd;k tkuk $kfg3 ;k d) ls d) @1kls
cgqr lko/kku jguk $kfg3 E;ksafd os )u 0j vkoj.k *ky 2srs gST f)?ks
dks xaok 2srs gST 9;k0kj dH dj 2srs gST jktkvksa dks vR;k$kj dh
vksj 0zoGRRk dj 2srs gSaU 0fr;ksa dks 6K;k;yq cuk 2srs gSa vkSj
cqfH)kuksa dks vfuF$;Fkhy r:kk @2klhu cuk 2srs gST os gH; ds
ughaU )fLrKd ds 2ksKk gST W
laFk; ls @0ts vk0lh fook2 volk2 ds Mk.kksa )sa vkR)gR;k dh vksj
Hkh 0zoGRr djrs gST
6ldk 3d v1; 0fj.kk) Hkh 0zkNRk gksrk gS ftl 0j g) /;ku ugha 2s
0krs T laFk; U rukoU volk2U ds dkj.k g)kjh dk;;Mk)rk vkSj @R0k2u
Mk)rk 0j Hkkjh 0zHkko 0*<rk gST g) v0uk dk6; Hkh dk;; )u yxkdj
ugha dj 0krsT g) )kufld d0 ls Hk;xzLr gks tkrs gST 6l )kufld fL:krh
dk g)kjs )u 0j xgjk 0zHkko 0*<rk gS vkSj g) @>$ jEr$k0U gH; jksx ls
Hkh 0zHkkfor gks tkrs gST 0zflH vaxzst fuca/kdkj csdu dgrs gSU V )u
v0us gh lkS12;; ls jksxxzLr jgrk gST W ;s ch)kfj;k-a )gt vk0lh fook2
ds dkj.k gksrh gST
rc D;k djsa . " 6l 2qfu;k )s dks6; Hkh 0#.k; ugha gST g) lc)s 2ksKk
rks gS ghT 6lfy3 lk:k jgrs jgrs ftu 2ksKkksa dks g) v0us lk:kh )sa 0k3
@1gs Lohdkj djasT 2ksKk X#aXus ds ctk; xq.kksa dh vksj /;ku
43
2saT gj 9;fEr )sa xq.k Hkh jgrs gSaT l); l); 0j @u xq.kksa dh 0zFaklk
djsaT voxq.k o 2ksKkks dks lq/kkjus ds fy3 0zs) 0#o;d 0z;Ru djsaT
;f2 g)ls dHkh Hkh tkus vutkus xyrh gq6; gS rks @ls rqj1r
Lohdkj djsaT Mk)k )k-axsT 2qfu;k )sa 3slh dks6; Hkh xyrh ugah
gST ftls Mk)k u fd;k tk ldsT
v0us 0fjtuksa dk rks lR)ku lHkh djrs gST v0us lk:kh ds 0fjtuksa
dk Hkh gH; ls lR)ku djsT
tc Hkh lRkL;k @R01u gks rc vk0l )sa cSJdj /kS;; 0#o;d l)k/kku
[kkstsT v0uh l)L;k ds fy3 fdlh rhljs 0Mk dks )/;Lr cukus dh Hk#y u
djsaT ;f2 l)L;k dk l)k/kku u f)ys rks 0fjokj ds cqtqxks; ls voF; lykg
ysaT
l)L;k3a g)sFkk jgsxhT g) rykd ys ys rc Hkh l)L;k3a g)kjk 0hLk
ugha Lks*s<xhT
l)L;kvksa ls Hkkxuk ugha gSU @udk lkgl0#o;d l)k/kku [kkstuk
gST ;f2 vk0 3slk djsaxas rks l)L;k )sa ls l)k/kku fudy vk3xkT 6l
laca/k )sa ft) *kj)su 3d l#? crkrs gST 6l 0j /;ku 2hft3T
W ;g l#? g)sa ;k2 f2ykrk gS fd yksxksa ds lk:k 9;ogkj djrs l);
g)kjh 0zk:kf)drk3a E;k gksuk $kfg3T lcls )gRoghu kC2 gS )aST lcls
)gRo0#.k; kC2 gS g)T
lcls )gRo0#.k; 2ks kC2 VV vk0dks /k1;ok2WW lcls )gRo0#.k; rhu
kC2 VV lc )k5 fd;kWW
lcls )gRo0#.k; $kj kC2 VV vk0dk E;k fo$kj gS WW lcls )gRo0#.k;
0k-a$ kC2 VV vk0us cgqr v>Lk dk) fd;k VV lcls )gRo0#.k; Lg
kC2VV)Sa vk0dks csgrj l)Iuk $kgrk g#-WW
v0us utfj3 dks c2ydj vkR)ds12zh;rk ls l)Ius dh fL:krh rd tk;k tk ldrk
gST cl 6l)sa 6>Lk vkSj lad'0 dh vkoF;drk gksrh gST ftlls g) fL:krh
dks 2#ljs 9;fEr ds 2GfKdks.k ls 2s[kus dh dksfFkFk djsaT W
;g gS l)L;k dk gyT tc Hkh fook2UIx*<k la+kKk; gksrk gS
2ksuksa 0Mkksa dh xyfr;k-a gksrh gST 3d gk:k ls dHkh rkyh ugha
cthT vrY @Hk; 0Mkksa dks 6l 0j fo$kj djuk $kfg3T
44
"""""""""""
jlks6; +kj gS thou foZku dk ds12z fc12q
)Sa )qRc6; x;k rks ogka )sjh Hkrhth f)yh T og 6athfu;fjax
0X< jgh :kh T )Sus @ls $k; cukdj ykus dks dgk T og cksyh U V $k;
cukuk rks )Sa ugha tkurh W )Sa vkF$;;$fdr jg x;kT tks $k; cukuk u
tkurk gks U@lls Hkkstu ds LkRc1/k )sa ckr djuk gh 9;:k; gS T
vktdy g) 0fjokj )sa jlks6; +kj ds dk;; dks cgqr d) )gRo 2srs gS T
g)kjk lkjk /;ku NkX<uk "fy[kuk vkSj dsjh;j cukus dh vkSj gS T g)
l)Irs gS fd v>Lk ls v>Lk Hkkstu rks cuk cuk;k f)y tk3xk T 3d 5ksu
djks vkSj vk0ds +kj Hkkstu xj)k xj) ff5u )sa @0fL:kr T vktdy rks
f*Cck c12 Hkkstu Hkh @0yC/k gS T [kksyks Uxj) djks vkSj [kkvksa
T f5j 2qfu;k Hkj ds dK @Jk dj Hkkstu kkyk )sa l); cck;2 djus dk
E;k v:k; gS T 6lfy3 Hkkstu 0dkus 0j vc [;k2k /;ku g)kjk ugha gS T
vc 0fjokjksa )sa Hkh Hkkstu rS;kj djus 0j d) /;ku f2;k tk jgk gS T
tjk lh lR01urk vk6; vkSj dk)okyh ck6; Hkkstu cukus ds fy3 j[k yh T
oLrqrY ;g Lsl flRcy lk cu x;k gS T tks NkqPKk vkSj )fgyk3a
45
dk;;Fkhy gS vkSj ftuds 0kl l); ugha gS @udh ckr Lksf*3 Utks qkH
xGgf.k;ka gS os Hkh Lsl flRcy ds PNk )sa dk) okyh ck6;;ksa ds
Hkjksls jlks6; +kj Lks*< jgh gS T jlks6; +kj 0j g)kjk /;ku d) gks jgk
gS T g) 0Slk 5asdks Ur)kFkk 2s[kks dk vku12 ys jgs gS T
jlks6; +kj gS LokL:k dk ds12z " g) $kgs f5u dk xj)k xj) Hkkstu
djs ;k gksy dkU g)sa 3d jlks6; +kj rks $kfg3 gh T E;k vk0 tkurs gS fd
ogk- dk jlks6; +kj dSlk gS . dks6; gksy ;k f5u ds12z vk0dks
jlks6; +kj )sa 0zosFk dh LohdGfr ugha 2srk T jlks6; +kj )sa Hkkstu
rS;kj gksrk gS T ;f2 ogk- x12xh jgh Udhk.kq"foKkk.kq jgs rks
@ldk 0zHkko vk0ds Hkkstu 0j voF; 0*sxk T vk0 ch)kjh dks fu)a?.k
2suk 0zkjRHk dj 2srs gS T gksy )sa Hkkstu 0dkus okys ks5 dh
Lo>Lrk U)kufld fL:kfr ds LkRca/k ds g) dqL ugaha tkurs T )kufld
fL:kfr dk Hkh Hkkstu 0j 0zHkko 0*<rk gS T )k-a ds gk:kksa 0dk
Hkkstu 6lhfy3 LokL:k 02 gS E;ksfd og g)ls 0zs) djrh gS T g)kjs
LokL:k ds 0zfr og 0zfrMk.k f$f1rr gST gksy )sa dc fdl gk:k ls 0lhuk
0ksLkU dc Lhd vk6;U g) dg ugha ldrs T )k-a ds [kkus ds lk:k
gks'k ds [kkus dh rqyuk gks gh ugha ldrh T )k- 0j g) foFokl dj
ldrs gST
3d 0z;ksx dhft3 T ;f2 vk0 Hkkstu okyh ck6; ds Hkjksls v0us
jlks6; +kj dks j[ks rks jkr dks dk;; lR01u gksus ds ck2 jlks6; +kj
ds Okj c12 dj 2hft3 T 0zkrYdky Okj [kksfy3U vk0dh ukd rjg rjg ds
)lkyksa dh x1/k vkSj c2c# ls Hkj tk3xh T vk0 l)I gh ugha 0k3xs fd ;s
dgk- ls vk x6; T ;s LokL:k ds 0zfr g)kjh yk0jokgh ds fy3 $srkouh gS
T
vk0 fo$kj dhft3 gksy vkSj f5u ls1j ds jlks6; +kj dh gkyr E;k
gksxh .
jlks6; +kj ds cjru ftl)sa Hkkstu 0dk;k tkrk gS T @ldh l5k6; dk
c*<k )gRo gS T vk0 ftl :kkyh"dksjh )sa [kkuk [kk jgs gS @ldk
Hkh c*k )gRo gS T ;f2 ;s lk5 ugha gS rks ch)kjh vk0ds v12j 0zosFk
46
dj jgh gS T ;g vk0 ugha tkurs T E;k vk0dks foFokl gS fd ;s Lo>L gS .
rks 3d 0z;ksx dhft3 vkt gh vk0 :kkyh dks /;ku ls 2sf[k3 "vk0dks 3d 0jr
l5s2 lh f)ysxh T vk0 vc @ls d0*<s ls 0ksL 2hft3 f5j Hkh @ldh
Ik-6; f2[ksxh rc vk0 0kuh ls /kks *kfy3 f5j 0ksfL3 vk0dks v1rj l)I
)sa vk tk3xk T jlks6; +kj vkSj 0k? ftu)sa Hkkstu 0drk gS vkSj vk0
Hkkstu djrs gS T @udk 3d2) Lo>L gksuk LokL:; dh 2GfK ls vfuok;;
gS T 6ls utj v12kt ugha fd;k tk ldrk T Hkkjr )sa 6lfy3 jlks6; dh
l5k6; 0j vR;f/kd cy f2;k tkrk :kk E;ksfd jksx ds foKkk.kq ogha 0u0rs
gS T 6lfy3 ukj2 0qjk.k )sa dgk x;k gS V kkS$ ds fy3 l2k ;Ru djuk
$kfg3 W
g) fdrus gh 9;Lr gks Uv0uk thou 2#ljs ds Q) 0j foFokl dj lq[kh
vkSj LoL:k ugha jg ldrs T g)kjh jlks6; +kj ds 0zfr @2klhurk g)sa
)agxh 0*s<xh T vrY fo$kj dhft3 vkSj jlks6; +kj dh Lo>Lrk ds 0zfr
vf/kd tkxPd cfu3 T
+kj dk rktk Hkkstu " +kj dk rktk 0dk;k g'dk 5q'dk Hkkstu gh
Lko;QsKJ gS T ;g vc foZku Hkh Lohdkj djrk gS T 5kL 5#* g)kjs
LokL:k ds fy3 gkfudkjd gS U ;g r:; Hkh vc lc tkurs gS f5j Hkh l); dh
d)h ULok2 vkSj thou kSyh ds uk) 0j @ldk )ksg g)ls L# ugha jgk T
g)kjs LokL:k 0j Hkkstu dk kr 0zfrFkr 0zHkko rRdky 0*<rk gS T
g)kjs ^fKk")qf1k;ksa us 6lhfy3 v1u dks czRg dgk gS T Hkxo2Dxhrk
tSls xz1:k us Hkkstu ds lkfRod Ujktl vkSj rk)l tSls Hks2 fd3 gS T rk)l
Hkkstu ftls g) 5kL 5#* dgrs gS Uxhrk ds vuqlkj vkyl vkSj uha2
ykrk gSaT ;g g)kjh dk;; Mk)rk dks +kkrk gS T @R0k2u Mk)rk dks
d) djrk gS T g)kjs @Rlkg U@)ax vkSj 0zl1urk )sa ck/kd gST
vk0 fo$kj dhft3 6l Hkkstu vkSj LokL:k dks ysdj jkKf0rk )gkR)k
xak/kh us vusd 0z;ksx E;ksa fd3T Lok2 0j fu;?a.k @1gkasus v/;kR)
dh 2GfK Lks )gRo0#.k; crk;kT g)kjs 0z:k) jkKg0fr ckc# jkts12z
47
0zlk2 vkSj 0#o; 0z/kku)a?h yky cgk2#j kkL?h v0uh /k);0Ruh Okjk
rS;kj Hkkstu gh djrs jgsT Hkkstu dk vku12 rkts vkSj g'ds Hkkstu
)sa gST 6l ckr dks vkt ds 0zflH o l5y )qEdsckt [kyh Hkh Lohdkj djrs
gSU os dgrs gS fd os +kj )sa 0Ruh ds gk:k dk cuk;k Hkkstu gh djrs
gS gksy )sa Hksktu ugha djrsT
3d Hkz)" 3d Hk#y" g)kjs 2sFk )sa ;g Hkz) 0k;k tkrk gS fd Hkkstu
0dkuk )fgykvksa dk dk;; gST ;g 3d Hk#y gST )gkHkkjrdky )sa tc
0k.*oksa dks vZkrokl )as l); 9;rhr djuk 0*<k rc /;ku 2hft3 jlks63 dk
dk;; Hkh) us gh lR01u fd;kT 2zks02h us ughaT jktk uy ds fookg ds
0#o; 2sork @uls 0zl1u gksdj oj 2srs gS fd os v>Ls 0kdFkkL?h
gksaxsT 3d jktk dk 0kdFkkL? ls E;k lac/k gks ldrk gS. fo$kj dhft3T 6l
oj dk v:k; gS fd 0zR;sd 9;fEr dks Hkkstu tSls kkL? dk Zku gksuk
$kfg3T Hkxoku dGK.k ds l); tks 7/ dyk3a fFkMkk )sa 2h tkrh :kh
@l)sa Hkkstu 0dkuk lfR)fyr :kkT
vkt Hkh 6l 2qfu;k )sa ftrus v>Ls vkSj 0zflH ks5 gS os 0qdKk
gSaT g)kjs 2sFk )sa c*<h ls c*<h 2kor )sa )gkjkt gh Hkkstu 0dkrs
jgs gST 6lfy3 vkt l); dh 6l vkoF;drk dks )tc#jh l)Idj ugha oju
vku120#o;d ;g dk;; djuk $kfg3T
Hkkstu 0dkus ds 5k;2s " Hkkstu 0dkuk foZku gS T )lkys ;f2 @f$r uk0
ds *kys tk3 rks os vkSKk/kh gS T lfCt;k Hkh vkSKk/kh dk dk;; djrh
gS T )lkys vkSj lfCt;ksa dh l5k6z; dk Hkh g)kjs LokL:k ls xgjk
lRc1/k gS T 6lfy3 6l 0j Hkh g)sa /;ku 2suk $kfg3T 6lds vfrfjEr gj 9;fEr
ds fy3 Hkkstu dh vkoF;drk3a Hkh vyx vyx gksrh gS T fdlh dks d) u)d
$kfg3 rks fdlh dks rsy T oGH 9;fEr dh vkoF;drk c>>kksa ls vyx gS T
6u lc vkoF;drkvksa dk /;ku +kj 0j gh Hkkstu 0dkrs l); j[kk tk ldrk gST
LokL:k ds vfrfjEr f)r9;;rk dh 2GfK ls Hkh +kj dk 0dk Hkkstu
g)kjs ct ds vuqd#y gksrk gST
48
ruko +kkrk gS Hkkstu 0dkuk " E;k vk0us 6l r:; 0j /;ku f2;k fd Hkkstu
0dkuk ruko dks +kk ldrk gST dHkh 0z/kku)a?h tokgjyky usgd ds
0h& 3& jgs tk-u ):kk6; dgrs gS fd os ruko ds l); Hkkstu 0dkrs gST
Hkkstu 0dkus dh 3dkxzrkU /kS;; ruko l)kNr dj 2srk gST ;gh 3d 3slh
xfrfof/k gS tks rRdky 5y vkSj larqKh 2srh gST g) tc v0us gk:k dk
Hkkstu djrs gS rsk @ldk Lok2 gh dqL vksj gksrk gST f5j g) @ls
vku12 0#o;d xzg.k djrs gST
0zc/kau ds xqj fl[kkrk gS Hkkstu " Hkkstu 0dkuk g)sa vk/kqfud
0zc/kau ds xqj fl[kkrk gST gjh lCth g)kjs LokL:k ds fy3 vR;ar vkoF;d
gS vkSj ykHk0z2 HkhT gjh lCth dks 3dkxzrk ls lk5 djuk vR;ar /kS;;
dk dk;; gST fcuk /kS;; /kkj.k fd3 ;g lk5 gks ugha ldrhT lCth dk Xsj
2s[k g) 0jsFkku gksrs gSa 0j rRo dk Hkkx d) fudyrk gS vkSj d$jk
vf/kdT f5j tc vk0 0dk3axas rsk og vkSj d) gks tk3xhT ;g la2sFk gS
g)sa fd rRo dks Xsj ls [kkstuk gh l5yrk dh dqath gST
6ruk gh ughaU g)sa /kS;; ds lk:k l); dk Hkh /;ku j[kuk 0*<rk
gST ;f2 fu;r l); )sa ;g dk;; ugha gqvk rks lkjh )sgur 9;:k; gks
tkrh gST l); dk /;ku j[k dj ;kstuk cukuh 0*<rh gST
6ruk gh ughaU ;f2 g)usa gjh lCth dks rkts jgrs gh lk5 l5k6;
ugha dh rks og )qjIk ldrh gST @l)sa xq.koRrk d) gskxhT og vf/kd
0kuh ds dkj.k l*< Hkh ldrh gST
lCth 2ky fdruh 0dsU fdl vka$ 0j 0dsU fdrus l); rd 0ds 6ldk ;kstuk
0#o;d /;ku j[kuk 0*<rk gST
jlks6; dk lk)ku 9;ofL:kr jgssU @1gs l); l); 0j /k#0 vkSj gok
f)ysU ;g Hkh /;ku 2suk gksrk gST 6u lc dkj.kksa ls xGg.kh dks
0zc1/kd dgk tkrk gST ftlus Hkh xGg 0zca/kd dk xq.k lh[k fy;k og gj
fL:kfr )sa l5y gksxk ghT
6ldk dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd 3d 0zca/kd ds fy3 ;g kr; vkoF;d gh ugha
vfuok;; Hkh gS fd og lHkh 0fjtuksa ls 0zs) djsU @1gsa v0uk )kusT og
0zca/kd ds v0us dr;9; dks fcuk f$*<f$*<kg ds 0zl1urk0#o;d djsT
49
v0us dk;; dk 3glku u trk3 T tks 3slk djsxkU @ldk 0zc1/ku l5y dSls u
gksxk . $kgs og L?h gks ;k 0qPKk T 0zc1/ku ds Mks? )sa ;gh lc xq.k
rks $kfg3 T E;k dHkh vk0us lks$k fd ;g 0zc1/kd dk kksKk.k gS T
gksrk ;g gS fd 0zc1/kd dh 6l lsok Hkkouk ds 5yLoPNk laL:kku dk gj
l2L; l2k v0uk lg;ksx 2sus dks rR0j gksrk gST @lds 0zfr vkHkkj )kurk
gS T ;gh rks 0zc1/ku dh l5yrk gS T jlks6; +kj ds 0zc1/ku )as Hkh
0fjokj dh Hkkxh2kjh r; dh tk ldrh gS T dk)dkth 0fjokjksa )sa rks ;g
lg;ksx"lgdkj g) 2s[k gh jgs gS T
;gh gS xGgL:k vkQ) "6lh vkQ) )sa c>$s 0zs) R;kx Ulg;ksx Uv0uRo ds
xq.k lh[krs gS T xGgL:k vkQ) ls ;f2 jlks6; ds ds12z dks gk 2hft3 rks
og vkQ) dh 0fjHkkKkk dks [kks 2sxk T og E;k jg tk3xk U 6ldh d'0uk
djuk gh Hk;kog gksxk T gk- rc c>$s Hkkjrh; laLdkj;qEr ugha gksxs
U ;g rks fufF$r PNk ls dgk tk ldrk gS T vkQ) kC2 )sa gh Q) fufgr gS T
fcuk Q) dks lR)ku f23 thou la+kKk; )sa l5yrk dh dk)uk djuk v0us vk0
dks /kks[kk 2suk gS T
xGgL:k vkQ) 3d r0L;k gS T jlks6; +kj @ldk ds12z gS T Hkkstu
Fkkyk thou dh okLrfod kkyk gS tgk- thou dk foZku rS;kj gksrk gS
T 6l foZku ls fudyrh gS Hkkstu dh dykU tks 0fjokj dks lk:k"lk:k
jgus U 3d 2#ljs ds fy3 R;kx djus vkSj vkxs cX<us dh fFkMkk 2srh gS T
Hkkstu kkL? )sa vfrf:k U0hkq " xk; UdqRrk U 0Mkh vkf2 dk Hkh Hkkx
gS tks g)sa 0zdGfr ls tks*rk gS T 0jks0dkj P0h ;Z dh 0zsj.kk 2srk gS
6;Foj dh ;k2 f2ykrk gS vkSj thou dks ;Z cukrk gS T
gks'k Uff5u ds12zU 0jkfQr cukrs gS T @u)sa vkQ) dh d'0uk
gh 9;:k; gS T 6lfy3 dHkh )tc#jh )sa @ldk vku12 fy;k tk ldrk gS
@ldh vk2r [krjukd gS T
jlks6; +kj dh kqfH U jlks6; 0k?ksa dh kqfH UHkkstu 0jkslus okys
dh kqfH vkoF;d gS T ;f2 Hkkstu 0jkslus okys ds uk[k#u xa2s gS U lj
ds cky fc[kjs gS Urc Hkh jksx ds foKkk.kq Hkkstu )sa 0zosFk dj ldrs
50
gS T 6ruk gh ugha Hkkstu 0dkus okys ds )uksHkko U 0jkslus okys ds
)uksHkko Hkh Hkkstu dh kqHrk 0j 0zHkko *kyrs gS T vrY 6u lc
kqfH;ksa dks /;ku )sa j[kdj Hkkjrh; kkL?ksa )sa dgk x;k gS fd tgk-
rd gks lds v0us 0fjokj )sa gh Hkkstu djuk $kfg3 T 6/kj"@/kj $kgs
tgk- Hkkstu f)ys rks Hkh ugha tkuk $kfg3 T Hkxoku dGK.k )gkHkkjr
xz1:k )sa dgrs gS UVV fdlh ds +kj dk v1u ;k rks 0zs) ds dkj.k fd;k
tkrk gS ;k vk0fRRk 0*us 0j WW
"""""""""""""
51
Hkkstu dks Hktu cuk63
Hkkstu dk 0zk.kh)k? ds thou )sa c*<k )gRo0#.k;
L:kku gST thou Hkkstu ds vkl0kl Hkz).k djrk gS dgrs Hkh
gS fd 2qfu;k ds lkjs d); 0k0h 0s ds fy3 gh fd3 tkrs gST )kuo
dk thou Hkkstu dh ]kqHrk 0j fuHk;j jgrk gST g) v0us Hkkstu
dks 6lfy3 0fjFdGr djrs jgsa gST @l)sa fofo/krk ykrs jgsa gS
vkSj @ls vkd;Fkd Hkh cukrs gS rkfd 0k$u xzf1:k;ka v0uk
dk) ljyrk ls djsT g) LoL:k cus jgsaT g)kjh dk;;Mk)rk
cX<rh jgsT g)us Hkkstu dks Lokf2F cukus ds fy3 fofo/k
0zdkj ds 0z;ksx Hkh fd3 gST 6lfy3 g)kjs thou )sa Hkkstu dk
gh ugha Lok2 dk Hkh )gRo0#.k; L:kku cu x;k gST
Lok2 dk rka*o uGR; " tSls tSls g)us oSKohdj.k dh vksj d2)
cX<k3T Hkkstu dh fofo/krk )sa oGfH gq6; gST foKo 3d c*<s
uxj ds P0 )sa fldq*rk x;k gST 6lfy3 vkt 2qfu;k ds fdlh Hkh
dskus )as cSJ dj g) $kgs ftl 2sKk dh f*Kk dk Lok2 ys ldrs
gST vc Lok2 dh ;g fofo/krk Hkh g)kjs thou ]kSyh dh vax cu
x;k gST Hkkx 2kS* dh ft12xh )sa vc fdlh ds 0kl l); ugha gS
fd og fofHk11k 0zf_;kvksa dk /khjt ls 0kyu dj Hkkstu 0dk3
vkSj @ldk @0Hkksx djsU 6lfy3 *CCkk c12 Hkkstu Hkh g)sa
lgt @0yC/k gks jgk gST vc Hkkstu thou 2Kk;1k ugha cktkj
ls la$kfyr fd3 tkus dk 0z;Ru gks jgk gST tc dks6; oLrq cktkj
cu jgk gST cktkj ds v0us fu;) dk;2s gksrs gST Hkkstu thou
ds dk;2s ls ugha cktkj ds dk;2s ls $yrh gS rks @l)sa 0z:k) W
ykHk W dk rRo 0z/kku cu tkrk gST ]ksFk rRo xkS.k gks tkrk
gST
Hkkstu dks cktkj )r cuk63 " vkt 6lfy3 cktkj )sa Lok2 dh
fofo/krk ds fy3 fofHk1u 0zdkj ds 9;atu @0yC/k gST vkt cktkj
52
)sa 0kja0kfjd 9;atu U dkf1us1'kU $k6uhtU )SfEldu U
6kfy;uU vjsfc;uU 5;q[ku 5q*Dl dh )kax rsth ls cX< jgh
gST ;qok ox; 0htkU 0kLrkU uk$ksl rkdksl vkSj $k6uht oSjk;h
dh )kax [;k2k dj jgk gST Hkkstu dks cktk2ok2 ds 2qF$_
)sa lfRRkfyr djus ds fy3 vusd 0zdkj dh 0kf;;k gks jgh gST
t1)f2u dh 0kh;U fdh 0kh;U 3fuol;jht dh 0kh;U dR0uh
0kh; vkSj )g)kuksa dh 0kh; vkSj ;s lc 0kh; fdlh gksy
dh $dk$kSa/k )sa gks jgh gST
6ruk gh ugha vkt 0fjokjksa )sa +kj ds ckgj fdlh gksy
)sa [kkuk [kkus dk $yu Hkh 3d 5SKku dk P0 ys jgk gST ;g
v)hjh dh Lfo dh +kksFk.kk gST 3d los; ds vuqlkj /=&%/
0zfrKkr ;qok 6u gksyksa )sa @>>k 5s okyk Hkkstu ys jgs
gST fu;f)r Hkkstu +kj ds ckgj djus okyksa dk 0zfrKkr (A&77
gST gksyksa ds foZk0u 6l cktkj dh oGfH ds fy3 gj c*<s
Lkss l)k$kj 0? )sa 2s[kus dks f)y jgs gST ftl)sa y[[r2kj
lth ltk6; :kkyh )sa $kS0u 0dokuksa dk @'ys[k fd;k tk jgk
gST 6l Hkkstu ds lk:k lk` vkSj gk*; f*El dh $kgr Hkh
cXrh tk jgh gST
E;k 0fj.kk) gS 6l cktkjok2 dk " 6l v1/ks cktkjok2 ds E;k
0fj.kk) gSU 6u 0j fo$kj fd;k tkuk tPjh gST vkt tgk- gksyksa
ds vkSj *Cckc12 Hkkstu ds foZk0u l)k$kj 0?ksa )sa vkSj
2GK; )hf*;k )sa cgqrk;r ls gSU ogh dCt 2#j djus ds fy3
fofHk11k 2okvksa ds foZk0u Hkh 2s[ks tk ldrs gST
dCt vkSj @lds dkj.k gksus okyh rdyh5ksa tSls 3flf*hU
xSlUlj22;U )q-g ds LkysU ]kjhj )sa lqLrhU Lkrh dh tyuU
vkyL;U rukoU volk2 vc vk) ch)kjh )kuh tk jgh gST
;qokvksa )sa oGHksa ds jksx 0k3 tkus yxs gST Hkjh
tokuh )sa @>>k jEr$k0U *k;fCkhtU dksyksLgky tSlh
ch)kfj;k- 0k6; tk jgh gST 3d vuq)ku ds vuqlkj 7/&78 0zfrKkr
;qokvksa )sa )ksk0k cX< jgk gST ;g vkSlr ls cgqr vf/kd
otu vusd jksxks dk dkj.k gST
vkt uo/kukXD; ox; ds 0kl vEl)krD vf/kd /ku vk x;k gST
6lfy3 )kSt )Lrh )sa @ldks 9;; djus ds fy3 foosd dk @0;ksx
53
fd3 fcuk 5SKku ds cktkjok2 dk og 3d fgLLkk cu x;k gST dfJu
Q) ls vft;r /ku dk 3slk 9;lu rks lRHko gh ugha gST
E;k gS Hkkstu ds )#yHk#r flHkar " Hkkjr )sa Hkkstu dk
Hkh 3d ]kkL? gST g)kjs ^fFk )qfu;ksa us 6l foFk; 0j c*<k
xgu v/;;u fd;k vkSj flHkar cuk3T
%& g)kjs 2sKk )sa lcls v>Lk LokL:k 02 Hkkstu 2kyU jkshU
lCthU Hkkr dks )kuk x;k gS tks rktk 0dk gks vkSj
vku120#o;d )u yxkdj $ck $ckdj [kk;k tk3T
vc ;g r:; oSZkfud ]kks/k ls 0qF gqvk gST jkst)jk;
dh ft12xh )sa ;f2 g'dk Hkkstu fy;k tk3 rks 6lls u dsoy
f2y )tc#r gksxk cf'd t'2 cqX<k0k Hkh ugha +ksjsxk
E;ksfd g'ds Hkkstu ls dSyksjh fu;af?r jgsxh vkSj
6alqfyu dk Lrj vkSj ]kjhj dk rk0)ku ugha cXs<xkT rktk
vuqla/kkuksa )sa ;g ckr lk)us vk6; gSU okfKkaxu
foKofo\ky; ds 0zks5slj yq6xh 5k@akuk us ]kks/k ds
fuFdFk; fudkyk fd ;f2 dks6; 9;fEr vkSlru Lg lky rd v0us
[kku 0ku )sa dSyksjh dks fu;af?r djds $ys rks @ldk f2y
;qokvksa dh rjg /k*<dus yxsxk 6lls 0gys 0zks5slj
5k@akuk us $#gksa 0j fd;s x;s 3d v/;;u )sa 0k;k fd d)
dSyksjh dh otg ls @udh @)z djhc rhl 0zfrKkr cX< x6;T
d) dSyksjh dks ysus ls $#gksa )sa dSalj vkSj v1;
ch)kfj;ksa ds [krjs d) gks x3T
f)Jk6; U 0#jhU d$ksjh vkf2 xfjF Hkkstu dk fuFks/k
ugha gS 0j og R;kSgkjksaU vk;kstuksa vkf2 0j gh @0;ksx
fd;k tkrk :kkT og f2u 0zfrf2u dh [k#jkd ugha )kuk x;k
:kkT
cklh HkkstuU rh[kk Hkkstu tks fofHk11k 0zdkj ls
rS;kj dj cktkj )sa @0yC/k djk;k tk jgk gST @ls Hkxor
xhrk )sa Hkxoku QhdGF.k us rk)lh Hkkstu dgk gS tks
vusd 2qY[kkssa dk dkj.k gST
6lfy3 ;k2 jf[k3U 2ky jksh [kkuk vkSj 0zHk# ds xhr
xkuk vk2Kk; fL:kfr gST 6lls dHkh 0s ds jksx u gksxsT
]kjhj LoL:k cuk jgsxk " WW r2qPLrh gtkj fu;k)r WW dgkor
0zflH gS T
(& flHkar ;g Hkh gS fd vk0 ftl HkkSxksfyd Mks? )sa jgrs
gST ogk- 0zdGfr Okjk
54
@R01u oLrq3a dh vk0ds LokL:k ds fy3 vuqd#y gksxhT
fo2sKkksa )sa @R01u lkx"lCth ;gk- @0;ksx fd3 tkus 0j
os @rus ykHk 02 ugha gksxs ftrus L:kkuh; P0 ls @R01uT
E;ksfd 0zdGfr v0us okrkoj.k ds vuqd#y oLrq3a gh @R01u
djrh gST 6lfy3 fo2sKkh 5kL 5#* dk Hkkjr )sa @0;ksx
LokL:; 02 fdlh Hkh 2GfF ls ugha )kuk tk3xkT
v0us Mks? ds vfrfjEr @R01u [kk\k1u o Lokf2F
[kku0ku Hkkstu djrs l); rks v)Gr yxsxk 0j 0fj.kk) )sa og
foFk P0 gh flH gksxk T
,& 3d flHkar ;g Hkh gS fd )kSl)h 5y gh @l )kSl) )sa
lo;QsFJ gksrs gS E;ksfd
0zdGfr g)kjs fy3 foKksFk P0 ls @1gs @R01u djrh gST /;ku
jgs )kSl)h 5y gh )kSl) )sa lcls lLrs vkSj lqyHk gksrs
gST 6lfy3 )-gxs 5yksa ls g)sa 6ruk ykHk ugha f)yrk
ftruk lLrs )kSl)h 5yksa ls f)yrk gST )kSl)h 5y f*kEl
ds fy3 tPjh gST f*kEl dk v:k; gS dS1lj tSlh ch)kfj;ksa
ls c$s jgukT 3d los; ds vuqlkj ,B&8A 0zfrKkr ;qok rks
rkts 5y o gjh lfCt;ka [kkrs gh ugha gS tks LokL:k dh
2GfF ls vkoK;d gST
/& lcls )gRo0#.k; r:; ;g gS fd vk/kqfudrk ds uk) 0j tks
thouKkSyh v0uk6;
tk jgh gS @l)sa Hkkstu vkSj )u ds laca/k 0j fo$kj gh
ugha gST tSlk v1u g) [kkrs gSU oSlk g)kjk )u curk
gST )gkR)k xka/kh us rks v0us ozrksa )sa 3d vLok2
ozr dk @'ys[k fd;k gST os dgrs gS W thHk dks thr ysuk
lc oLrqvkssa dks thr ysus ds cjkcj gST 6ruk gh ugha
os foFk; okluk dk laca/k thHk ls tks*<rs gq3 v0uh
vkR)d:kk )sa dgrs gS ftl )uqF; )sa foFk; okluk jgrh gSU
@l)sa thHk ds Lok2 Hkh v>Lh )k?k )sa jgrs gS W Lok2
ds 0zfr vR;f/kd jkx [krjs dh +k1h gST
)u 0j fu;a?.k j[kus ds fy3 Hkkstu 0j fu;a?.k vkoK;d
gST )u dks u rks @>La[ky gksus 2suk gS vkSj u )kjuk
gST )jk )u Hkh g)kjs LokL:k dks [kjkc djsxkT vusd
ch)kfj;ksa dk laca/k g)kjs )u ls gST dgrs gS W )u $axk
rks dksrh )sa xaxk W $jd lafgrk )sa @'ys[k gS W
55
vLoL:krk ds dkj.k tc ]kjhjU )u vkSj 6f12z; foFk; dk
vl)ku ;ksx gksrk gSU rc jksx gksrk gST
6lfy3 Hkkstu ds lk:k )u dks tks*<dj 2s[kuk $kfg3T
6lfy3 dgk tkrk gS fd Hkkstu 0dkus dh lk)xzhU cukus
okyh dh )kufldrkU Hkkstu 0jkslus okys dh )kufldrk dk
Hkh Hkkstu 0j 0zHkko 0*<rk gST 6lfy3 )ka U cguU
HkkHkh vkf2 ds gk:k dk Hkkstu LokL:k0z2 o @Rr)
)kuk x;k gST
f5j E;k djs " 6u 0fjfL:kfr;ksa 0j fo$kj dj g)sa v0uh thou
]kSyh c2yus ds vfrfjEr v1; dks6; )kx; ugha gST 6l Hkkx
2kS*< dh ft12xh )sa cgqr ls ;qokvksa ds fy3 rks ;g laHko
gh ugha gS fd os ]kkf1r ls 3d L:kku 0j cSJdj Hkkstu djsaT
os v0uk ya$ckE-l ysdj dk;;L:ky 0j tc l); f)yrk gS rc Hkkstu
djrs gST rc os v0uh )uks2Kkk dk E;k djsa . ;g Hkh 3d 0zKu gS
T
%& Hkkstu tc Hkh djsa tgk- Hkh djsa U ogk- gk:k
)q-g /kksdj Hkxoku dks /k1;ok2 2sdj ]kkf1r ls
Hkkstu djus dh dks6; 0kac2h ugha gksrhT 6lfy3 gj
9;fEr dks 9;xzrkU ruko ls 2#j jgdj Hkkstu djuk gh
$kfg3T ;f2 ruko gks rks ]kk1r )u ls 0zk:k;uk dj
Hkkstu djuk $kfg3 T
(& Hkkstu )sa )kSl)h 5yksa dk l)kosKk voK; djuk
$kfg3T lfCt;ksa )sa gjh lfCt;ksa dk 0z;ksx ;f2 fd;k
tk;sxk rks 0s laca/kh jksxks ls Lqdkjk f)ysxk ghT
,& Hkkstu lk2k gh [kk63T Lok2 ds $Edj )sa LokL:k ls )r
[ksfy3 T
/& 2#/k U 2ghU LkL dks Hkkstu )sa lfRRkfyr dhft3 T
Hkkstu ds ]kkL? dks l)fI3 " fcuk ]kkjhfjd Q) Hkkstu dk
0k$u o LokL:k ykHk f)y gh ugha ldrkT 6lh ds lk:k ;f2
vk/kk +k.k ;ksx o 0zk.kk;k) dks 2saxs rks f5j thou u2h dh
rjg g'dk 5q'dk 0zokg0#.k; cu tk3xk T
Hkkstu dk vk/;kfR)d 0Mk " Hkkjr )sa Hkkstu dsoy 0s Hkjuk
ugha gST @ldk laca/k )u vkSj vkR)k ls Hkh gST fcuk
HkkstuKkkL? dks l)Is dks6; 6;Koj @0kluk Hkh ugha dj
ldrkT )gkR)k xka/kh us tc vLok2 ozr 0j tksj f2;k @lds 0hLs
dsoy vkSj dsoy vk/;kfR)d dkj.k :ksT 0s 0k0h ugha gST
56
foosd 0#o;d @ldk /;ku j[kus 0j og )qfEr dk )kx; Hkh 0zKkLr
djrk gST 5kjlh ds foOku ]ks[klk2h xqfyLrk-a )sa dgrs gS W
0s gk:k dh g:kd*<h gS vkSj 0sa dh cs*h gST 0s dk 2kl
fojyk gh 6;Koj dh @0kluk djrk gST W
thou dh l5yrk vkSj vl5yrk dk ds12z gS jlks6; +kjT 6ls
cktkj )r cuk63T 6ldh lc 0zdkj dh 0fo?rk vk0 ds thou )sa
@rkfj3T ;gh xGgL:k vkQ) dk )#y gST Hkkstu dks Hktu
cuk63T
""""""""""

57
c>$s cfu3 " c>>kksa lk vku12 yhft3
c>>kksa ds lk:k l); fcrkuk Hkh 3d vku12 gST 3d [ksy
gST c>$sa )u ds l>$s gksrs gST os jksx OsFk ugha tkursT
os fdlh dks ugha tkurs 0j lcdks tkurs gST tks Hkh @1gsa
N;kj ls f)ysU os @lh ds gks tkrs gST c>>ks tkurs gSU fl5;
vkSj fl5; N;kj dksT u dks6; fjKrs2kj gS u dks6; 2ksLrT os
N;kj dk 3glkl dj )qLdjkrs gST 3d )/kqj )qLdku lsT ;f2 os
vku12 0krs gS rks )qLdjkrs gks ugha f[kyf[kykrs Hkh gS T
os v0uh )k- ds vfrfjEr fdlh dks ugha tkurs ysfdu 0zs) lHkh
ls 0krs gS vkSj 0zs) djuk fl[kkrs Hkh gST
c>>kksa ds lk:k l); fcrkuk 3d [ksy gS tks vku12 2srk
gST ;g 3d 3slk [ksy gS tks fcuk fdlh @0dj.k ds [ksyk tk ldrk
gS vkSj LokL:; ds fy3 vR;1r ykHk2k;d gS fd1rq 6l [ksy )sa
Hkkx os gh ys ldrs gS ftuds 0kl l); gksT lcls vf/kd v>Lk ;g
oGHtuks ads fy3 gS T tks 2k2kth ;k ukukth cu x3 gSU os tkurs
gS 6ldk vku12 U )k/kq;; c>$s @udks 2srs gST 3d )/kqj
)qLdku U vk0us jkFgf0rk )gkR)k xk-/kh dk og f$? 2s[kk
gksxk ftl)sa os 3d fKkKkq ls fKkKkqor v0uh ukd ls @ldh ukd
jx*< dj 0zl1u gks jgs gST 3d 2#ljs f$? )sa jkFg f0rk dh
ykJh dks 3d c>$k 0d*<s tk jgk gST vkSj 2#ljk fljk ck0#
0d*s< gST jkFg uk;d 0& tokgjyky usgP rks c>>kksa ds $k$k
usgP dh rjg 0zflH gks x3 T
c>$ksa ds lk:k [ksyuk 6lfy3 vku122k;d gS fd os fcuk
dkj.k )qLdjk ldrs gST vk0 vkSj g) )qLdjkus ds fy3 dkj.k
[kkstrs gST fdRkus gh uo;qod v0uh ).*yh )sa /kq) )$kys U
os ckydks dh rjg )qLdjk ugha ldrsT g-l ugha ldrsT dkj.k fd
ckyd [kq2 gh tkurk gS fd og E;ksa )qLdjk;kT 3d f2u )sa
ckyd rhu lkS ls $kj lkS ckj )qLdjkrk gST @ldh )qLdku fuF0k0
gST lgt gST tc ckyd )qLdjkrk gS rks yxrk gS cxh$s )sa 0qF0
f[ky @Js gST @ls 2s[kdj dks6; Hkh @ldk lk:k 2sus ls
61dkj ugha dj ldrkT @lds lk:k )qLdjkuk )tc#jh gST 3d 3d
)qLdku v)#'; gksrh gST og g)kjs ]kjhj )sa vku12 dh 3d
ygj @Jkrh gST 3d ygj 0#.k; gksrs u gksrs 2#ljh )qLdku f[ky
@Jrh gS vkSj 2#ljh ygj 0zkjRHk gks tkrh gST 3slk yxrk gS fd
58
vku12 ds lkxj )sa )qLdku dh ygjs u3 u3 0qF0 ysdj vk jgh gST
0qF0ksa dh $k-2uh fc[kj fc[kj tkrh gST lkjs okrkoj.k )sa ;g
)qLdku fc[kjrh $k-2uh vk0ds rukoU 2qY[k vkSj f$ark dks
foL)Gr dj 2srh gST ;g l#;; ds 0zdkKk dh rjg g)kjs f2; )sa
0qF0ksa dh lqx1/k Hkj 2srh gST fg12h ds dfo )frjk) us E;k
[k#c fy[kk gS U
g-lr cky ds o2u )sa ;kS Lfc vrqy T
5#yh $a0d csfy rS Ijr $)syh 5#y TT
fg12h ds ys[kd jk)$12z )gs12z us W vku12); thou W
)sa fy[kk gS U W2#/k 0hus okyk fKkKkq tSlh fu2ks;Fk g-lh
g-lrk gS U oSlh gh g-lhU )Lrh fc[kjus okyh g-lhU dFksa
dks fc2k djus dh v$#d 2ok gST W g) Hkh g-lrs gST
2#ljksa 0j g-luk 3d 2qF g-lh gST fKkKkq dh g-lh fodkj
jfgr gST fuF0k0 gS T
)Sus ;g g-lh vkSj )qLdjkg v0uh 0k-$ )kg dh 0ksrh
vk/;k vkSj 2ks oFkh;; 0ksrs xksdh; )sa 0k6; T oGHkoL:kk dk
lcls c*<k vku12 U lq[k vkSj LokL:k 02 9;k;k) fKkKkqvksa
vkSj c>>kksa ds lk:k l); 9;rhr djuk gST 6l vku12 dk
vuqHko dsoy c$0u )sa @Jk;k tk ldrk gST ;g 3d vuqHkoh lR;
gS T
cky xks0ky dk vuqHko " fKkKkq vkSj c>$ksa ds lk:k [ksyus
dk ;g vku12 dsoy )qLdjkg rd ugha gST vk0us )gkdfo
lqj2kl dk cky xks0ky dGF.k dk o.k;u 0X<k gksxk T 6l o.k;u
)sa fKkKkq vkSj cky xks0ky dk tks o.k;u fd;k x;k gST @ldk
f)yku vk0 2qfu;k ds fdlh Hkh c>>ksa dh xfrfof/k ls dhft3
vk0dks 2ksuks )sa lq6; dh uksd cjkcj Hkh v1rj ugha
f)ysxkT oLrqrY tc g) fKkKkq vkSj c>>kksa ds ch$ jgrs gST
@uds lk:k [ksyrs gS rks g)sa ogha vku12 f)yrk gS tks
Hkxoku ds lk:k [ksyus ls f)y ldrk gST os Hkksys gksrs gSU
ljy lgt gksrs gST fuF0k0 gksrs gST @uds lk:k vk0 rHkh [ksy
ldrs gS tc vk0 v0us v12j ogha Hkksyk0u yk 0k3T @rus gh
fu);y f2; gks 0k3T fcuk 6l xgjk6; )sa x3 vk0 c>$s ds lk:k
[ksyus dk vku12 ugha ys ldrsT
fKkKkq voL:kk ls gh c>>kksa )sa v0#o; @tk; gksrh
gST vk0 @udh xfrfof/k;ksa 0j /;ku 2sU os lc ;ksx vklu lgt gh
dj ysrs gST tks 3d flH ;ksx djrk gST vk0us cky dGF.k dk og
f$? 2s[kk gksxk ftl)sa og v0us 0Sj ds vax#s dks )q-g ls
59
$#l jgs gST ;g gj c>>kk djrk gST fKkKkqvksa dk @yukU
0qyukU vkxs 0hLs ljdukU 2ksuks gk:kksa ds lgkjs lj dks
@Jkuk U 2ksuks 0Sjks dks uCcs f*xzh rd @Jkuk lc
;ksxhtuksa ds vklu gST 6l 0zdkj fKkKkq ]kqH P0 )sa cky
xks0ky gh jgrk gST c>$ksa dk 0kyu 3sls djuk tSls 0j) f0rk
0j)sKoj gh g)kjs fuokl 0j 0/kkjs gST v0#o; lq[k 2sus okyk gS
T )gkdfo lq)f?ku12u 0ar us vkL:kk dfork )sa dgk gSU W
0zR;sd u;k fKkKkq 6l tx )sa u6; d'0uk dks 6;Koj dks )#fr;r
djrkT W
6lfy3 fczsu ds 0#o; 0z/kku)a?h fcLu $f$;'k us dgk
:kkU W fdlh Hkh l)kt ds fy3 fKkKkvksa ds ]kjhj )sa 2qS/k
0gq-$kus ls vf/kd lq12j 0#-th fuosKk ugaha gSTW
czRg ds P0 gS c>$s " c>$s 6;Koj ds PNk gST cky xks0ky gST
vrY @1gs czRg P0 dgk tkuk $kfg3T cGg2kj.;d @0fuFk2 /
b/b(4 )sa dgk x;k gST W vHk; oS czRg W v:kk;rD vHk;
gh czRg gST W g) lc fdlh u fdlh ls *jrs gST c>>kksa dks
)GR;q dk Hkh Hk; ugha gksrk T os )GR;q dks tkurs gh
ughaT )GR;q dk Zku @1gsa djk;k Hkh ugha tk ldrkT os
fuHk;; gksdj czRg P0 gS ;gh Rk:; rSfrjh;k0fuFk2 (bA b%
)sa 6l 0zdkj dgk x;k gSU W vku12 czRg.kksa foOku
foHksrh dqrK$u WczRg ds vku12 dks tkus okyk fdlh ls Hkh
Hk; ugha djrkT W
6l 0zdkj fKkKkq r:k c>>ks czRg P0 gksdj 6;Koj P0 gST
@udh 0zR;sd xfrfof/k dk vku12 g)sa f$1rk)qEr djrk gST og
vR;1r lq[kdkjd gST g)kjs ruko dks foL)Gfr ds xr; )sa *kyrk
gS vkSj 6lfy3 3d @Rr) LokL:;o/k;d kfud gST og 3d [ksy
Hkh gS ftlls )uksjatu Hkh gksrk gST cl 3d ]kr; gS g)sa 6l
vku12 dks 0zkNr djus ds fy3 fuF0k0 Hkksyk0u U ljyrk ykuk
gksrh gSa 3slh ugha gS fd 6lds fy3 Hkh 0z;Ru djuk 0*<rk
gksT c>$ksa ds lk:k ;s xq.k lgt gh g)kjs v12j vk tkrs gST
c>$s cfu3 T c>>kksa lk vku12 yhft3 T f$1rk )qEr gks tk63T
v0uk LokL:; cuk63 T
""""""""""

60
Ck>$ksa ds [ksy "f[kyksus )sa lgHkkxh cfu3
vktdy c>$ksa ds fy3 f[kyksus dk cktkj [k#c ltk /ktk gS T
fofHk1u 0zdkj ds jaxksa okys f[kykSus 2qdkuks 0j 0z2fFk;r fd3 tk jgs
gS tks c>$ksa dks yy$k jgs gS T 6u f[kyksus )sa 6ysfEgkfud
f[kyksus Hkh gS tks $kch ls ysdj 0koj lsy ls Hkh $yrs gS T 6u
f[kyksuksa dh dh)r t)hu ls ysdj vkl)ku rd L#rh gS T f[kyksus
NykfLd ds Hkh gS ftuls fofHk1u 0zdkj ds fu)k;.k fd3 tkrs gS T 6u
f[kyksus )sa $k6uht f[kyksuksa ls cktkj vk 0*<k gS T vkt lRrj
0zfrFkr f[kyksus $k6uk ds cus gq3 cktkj )sa @0yC/k gS tks lq12j
vkd;Kkd vkSj lLrs Hkh gS T
vc c>$ksaa ds fy3 tc f[kyksus [kjh2us fudys rc lLrs )-gxs dk
0zFu ugha gS T c>$s g)kjs N;kjs gS T vk-[k ds rkjs gS U jkt2qykjs gS
T @uds fy3 f[kyksus [kjh2rs l); lLrs f[kyksus dk 0zFu ugha gS T
f[kyksus Hkys gh c>$ksa ads fy3 gks fd1rq os g)kjs Lsl flRcy Hkh
rks gS T vktdy g)kjs f)? U fjFrs2kj vkf2 tks Hkh vkrs gS U @1gs
@uds c>$ksa ds lk:k f[kyksus Hkh rks f2[kk3 tkrs gS T fdrus
f[kyksus gS . fdl )#'; ds gS . dgk- ls [kjh2s U vkf2 fofHk1u 0zFuksa
0j $$k; gksrh gS T c>$s ;k rks f)ytqy dj @uls [ksyrs gS ;k vk0l )sa
y*<rs gS ysfdu f[kyksus Hkh 0z2Fk;u dh oLrq rks tPj gks x3 gS T
f[kyksus vko;d gS " f[kyksus c>$ksa dk [ksy gS T @udh 2qfu;k
f[kyksusa dh 2qfu;k gST @uls )uksjatu gh ugha gksrk U os
f[kyksuks ls lRc1/k ck-/k 3d fjFrk dk;) dj ysrs gS T os f[kyksus ds
lk:k vk1k12 )ukrs gS T c>$ksa ds fy3 f[kyksuks dk )#'; dks6;
v:k; ugha j[krk T os rks f[kyksuksa ls [ksyrs gS T 3d d'0uk txr dk
fu)k;.k djrs gS T @uls fFkMkk xzg.k djrs gS vkSj l); ds lk:k c*<s
gksdj f[kyksuksa dks Hk#y tkrs gS T ;g rks c>$ksa dk vku12 gS T
c>$ksa ds fy3 f[kyksus vkoF;drk gS T
f[kyksus dSls gks " vc 0zFu ;g gS fd f[kyksus dSls gks . vktdy cktkj
)as tks f[kyksus @0yC/k gS T @u)sa 6ysEgkfud f[kyksuksa dh
Hkj)kj gS T cktkj ds xf.kr ls ;g vf$r Hkh gS E;ksfd cktkj ykHk ds
xf.kr 0j $yrk gS T 6ysEgkfuEl ds f[kyksus gh )u $kgs 'kkHk dks
f2yk ldrs gS ysfdu 6l)sa dqL uqdlku Hkh gS tks g)sa vu$kgs
@Jkus 0*<rs gS "
% ;s f[kyksus c>$ksa dks cgqr :kks*s l); rd 0zl1u j[k 0krs gS
E;ksfd @1gs dqL djuk ugha 0*rk T ;s @uds [ksy ds fgLls ugha cu
0krs U c>$s 6uls cgqr t'2 @c tkrs gS T
61
( c>$s 6u f[kyksuks )sa @Rlqdrk rks txkrs gS T os tkuuk $kgrs
gS fd ;s dk) dSLks djrs gS T 6lfy3 os 6ls [kksy dj U rks* dj 2s[krs gS
vkSj ;s cgqr t'2h Hkaxkj cu tkrs gS T
, 6uds jaax jksxu )sa [krjukd jlk;uksa dk @0;ksx 0k;k x;k gS T
c>$s 6udks )q-g )sa yxkdj vutkus )sa @0;ksx dj ch)kfj;ka vk)f1?r
dj ysrs gS T
/6uds rh[ks uqfdys Hkkx c>$ksa dks $ks 0gq$k ldrs gS T 61gs
@0;ksx djus )sa lko/kkuh vkoF;d gS T
4 f0Lrksy U c12qd tSls f[kyksus c>$ksa )asa fgald 0zoGfr 0S2k djrs
gS T
;f2 6u f[kyksus dh @0;ksfxrk 0j /;ku 2sxsa rks 0k3xs fd c>$ksa
ds fgr )sa ;s dr6; ugha gS T g)kjs vgadkj dh rqfK ds fy3 gh ;s
vkoF;d yxrs gS T ;s Lsl flRcy tPj cu ldrs gS T
cPpksa dks dSls f[kyksus pkfg " c>$ksa dks 3sls f[kyksus $kfg3 tks
@uds [ksy ds vax cu lds T ftuds lk:k os v0uk d'0uk dk lalkj j$ lds T
ftuds lk:k os ldzh; Hk#f)dk fuok;g dj lds T f[kykSus @1gs j$ukR)d
dk;; djus dks 0zsfjr djs T ;s lHkh @uds lh[kus )sa lgk;d gksrs gS
[ksy [ksy )sa os fl[krs gS T c>$ksa dks ;f2 3sls f[kyksus f)y lds
ftuds lk:k os v1; c>$ksa ds lk:k fgy f)y dj [ksy lds rks thou )sa
lgdkj dh fFkMkk fcuk 0z;Ru ds f)y tkrh gS T @u)sa 0zfr;ksfxrk ds
lk:k 0sz) U v0uRo 0u0rk gS ;s xq.k 6ysEgfkud f[kyksuks )sa vk gh
ugha ldrk T
f[kyksus c>$ksa ds fy3 [ksy gS T @uds fy3 )#';oku f[kyksuksa
dk dks6; )gRo ugha gS T os fcuk 0Sls ds f[kyksus rS;kj dj c*s<
)uks;ksx ls @l)sa r'yhu gks tkrs gS T vHkh )aS 3d fjFrs2kj ds ;gk-
x;k T g) $$k;jr :ks T @udk rhu lky dk csk vk;k @lus l#dsl dks
lh/kk [k*<k fd;k @l 0j cSJk vkSj +kks*s< dh rjg $ykus yxk T og
)Su :kk 6l [ksy )sa T l#dsl @lds fy3 l$)q$ dk +kks*<k :kk T og
@ls vku12 2s jgk :kk T
vk0us Hkh c>$ksa dks 2s[kk gksxk os r)k) rjg ds f[kyksus
gksus ds ck2 Hkh t#rs $N0yksa ls [ksyk djrs gS T vk0ds Hkkjh Hkjd)
t#rs gks rc Hkh os v0us Lkss ls 0Sj dks @l)sa *ky @ls [kldkrs gq3
$ykrs gS T @l)sa )Su gksrs gS T
Lkss c>$s +kj ds cjruksa ls Hkh [ksyrs 2s[ks tk ldrs gS T
@1gs I#J)#J dh $k; cukrs vk0 2s[k ldrs gS T os vk0dks Hkh og $k;
0sFk dj 0zl1u gksrs gS T ;s [ksy gS 6l)sa os r1); gks tkrs gS T os
dqL Hkh v0us flj 0j j[kdj lkx lCth cs$us dk vfHku; djrs 2s[ks x3 gS T
os vk0l )sa 0k0k )R)h cu dj [ksy [ksy ldrs gS T
62
0fjokj )sa tc Hkkstu curk gS T rc c>$sa vElj jksh dk vkk
)k-xrs gS T tc @1gs f)y tkrk gS rks os @lls dqL u dqL cukus )sa
)Su gks tkrs gS T @1gs 6l)sa vku12 f)yrk gS T os vks dh yks6;
ls jksh cukus dk 0z;Ru Hkh djrs gS T
c>$ksa ds fy3 lcls v>Lk f[kyksuk xq*h;k dk gS T dNk*s< ds ;s
f[kyksus @udk lalkj clk 2srs gS T xqLlk [kk x3 rks 5Sd 2sxs v1;:kk
Lkrh ls f$0k dj lks Hkh ldrs gS T os v0us 6u f[kyksuks ls ckr$hr Hkh
djrs gS T y*rs Ix*rs vkSj f5j 2ksLrks aHkh dj ysrs gS T 6u
dNk*<ksa ds f[kyksuks dk dqL fcx*<rk Hkh ugha T 6uls f[kyksus
dks thfor 0zk.kh l)Idj 9;ogkj djrs gS T 6lls @u)sa )kuoh; xq.kksa
lgdkj U lg;ksx dh Hkkouk fodlhr gksrh gS T
)q[; ckr gS fd c>$k f[kyksus ls vk1k12 0k3 T @l)sa lGtu ds cht
Hkh f[kyksuks ds )k/;) ls cks3 tk ldrs gS tc g) Lkss :ks rc dkxt dh
uko curh :kh T gok6; tgkt Hkh dkxt ds @*<rs :ks T r)1$k Hkh
dkxt dk curk :kk T c>$sa ;s cukuk lh[k tkrs gS T @1gs dkxt ds
gok6; tgkt cukdj @*kus )sa vf/kd vk1k12 vkrk gS T ;s gok6; tgkt
vkSj uko tgk- lGtu ds cht cksrs gS ogh d'0uk dh kkfEr dk Hkh
fodkl djrs gS T
okLro )sa c>$ksa ds fy3 lcls v>Ls f[kyksus os gS ftu)sa lcls d)
/ku dh vkoF;drk gksrh gS T g) tc +kj )sa f[kyksus cukrs gS rks
c>$ksa dks l); 2srs gS T ;s l); 2suk 0sz) gS T ;s v0uRo @R011k djrk
gS T c>$ksa dks 6lh ls vk1k12 f)yrk gS T l$ rks ;g gS fd g)kjs 0kl
l); ugaha gS T /ku rks gS U 6lfy3 c>$ksa dks cktkj ls f[kyksus f2yk
dj v0us dr;9; dh 0#fr; dj ysrs gS T ysfdu c>$ksa dks vR;kf/kd
f[kyksus 2s 2sus ls dqL Hkh ykHk ugha gS T os kh+kz gh @lls @c
tkrs gS T @1gs @uds Pf$ ds vuqlkj f[kyksus 2s T @lls [ksyus 2s
vkSj tc os @lls @c tk3 rc f5j vkSj f[kyksus ykdj 2s T
cPPkksa ds lk!k [ksfy " c>$ksa ds lk:k [ksyuk 3d vk1k12 gS T @uds
lk:k [ksyus dh 0gyh vkSj vf1r) kr; gS fd vk0 [kq2 c>$sa cu tk63 T
cqfH dks fc'dqy 3d rj5 j[k 2hft3 vkSj 2sf[k3 vk0dks o c>$s dks dSLkk
vk1k12 vkrk gS T vk0 c>$s ds lk:k Lq0k Lq0h [ksy [ksy ldrs gS ;g
@udk )u 0l12 [ksy gS T vk0 c>$s dks kEdj dk cksjk cuk dj +kq)kus
dk [ksy [ksy ldrs gS v:kok f$f*;k 5qj; U gk:kh 5qj; ds [ksy dk Hkh
vk1k12 ys ldrs gS T 6lds vfrfjEr $kj 0k-$ oKk; ds c>$s ds lk:k
f$?dkjh dk vku12 Hkh ys ldrs gS T vk0 tks cukuk $kgs cuk63 T os
Hkh vk0ds lk:k 6l lGtu d); )sa yx tk3xs T 2hoky 0j 3d d0*s dk Cysd
cks*; ykd 2hft3 U dqL jaxhu $kd 2s 2hft3 vkSj 3d *Lj j[k 2hft3 f5j
2sf[k3 @uds lGtu dk vk1k12 T
[ksy vkSj f[kyksus c>$ksa dks fFkMkk 2sus dk 0z:k) lks0ku gS T
)kuuh; xq.kksa ds fodkl ds fy3 os 3d )k/;) gS T 6lds fy3 vk0dks l); tPj
63
2suk 0*sxk T fcuk l); f23 vk0 u rks c>$s dks vk1k12 2s ldrs gS U u 0k
ldrs gS T [ksy [ksy )sa os lh[k tkrs gS v>Lh 0zdkj dk;; djus dh dyk
T 6l l$ dks 9;Er fd;k gS T v)sfjdh dfo o 2kFk;fud tkt; lkrk;uk us T
os dgrs gS UV v>Lh 0zdkj dk;; djus dh dyk lH; tkfr v>Lh 0zdkj [ksyus
dh dyk Hkh tks* 2srh gS W T dfo tk;lh 02)kor )sa dgrs gS V /kfu lks
[ksy [ksy gh 0zs)k U v:kk;rD og [ksy /k1; gS tks 0zs) ls [ksyk tk3 T
[ksy g)sa vuqHkoh cukrk gS T thrus ds fy3 /kS;; /kkj.k djuk fl[kkrk
gS T g)sa xRHkhj cukrk gS 6l lc ds lk:k vk1k12 2srk gS T ;g
c>$ksa ds fy3 lGtu dk;; gS U 9;k;k) gS UfFkMkk gS T 6lfy3 cktkj ds
f[kyksus ds Hkjksls @ls )r Lksf*3 T dqL l); 2hft3 vkSj vk1k12 yhft3
T
"""""""""""
64
c>>kksa dks f)Dh ds f[kykSuks ls [ksyus dk
vku12 2hft3
)Sa @uls f)yus x;k :kkU c*<h )uksj) $$k; $y jgh :kh
fd @udh 0ksrh d)js )sa vk6; vkSj cksyh W 2k2kth a gk:k
@0j @Jk63T )Sa vk0dks xksyh )kj 2#axhT W d)js )Sa cSJk
0zR;sd 9;fEr g-l f2;kU g-lus tSlk cky lqyHk vfHku; tks fd;k
:kk @l c>$h usT vktdy vkx @xyus okyh c12#d dk vkHkkl
2sus okyh f0LrkSy c>>kksa ds f[kykSus )sa L:kku 0k x6;
gST f0Lys 2l"ckgj oFkks; )sa c>>kksa ds fy3 cSjh $fyr tks
vk/kqfud f[kykSus cktkj )sa vk3 gS vkSj yksdf0z; gq3 gS
@u)sa )ksjdkjU syh5ksuU jko.k vkf2 tSls ]kkfErKkkyh
0qPFk tks $yrs f5jrsU fgyrs *qyrs gST syh5ksu +kah ctkrk
gS vkSj )ksj dkj $kch Hkjus 0j $yus yxrh gS T
fgalk dk 0zHkko " c>>kh us tc f0LrkSy @Jkdj xksyh )kj
2sus dh ckr dgh rks lc g-lsT 6l g-lus okys dGR; ls )Sa
0jsKkku gqvkT )Sus dgk W E;k c>$ksa dks f0LrkSy f[kykSus
ds P0 )sa 2suk @f$r gS . )sjh jk; rks ;g gS fd fdlh Hkh
0fjHkkFkk )sa f0LrkSy f[kykSuk ugha gST f[kykSuk og gS
ftlls c>>kk [ksy ldsT f0LrkSy ls c>>kk f0LrkSy $ykdj 2#ljksa
dks *jk /k)dk dj jksc *ky ldrk gST v0us oSHko dk 0z2Kk;u
dj 0zl1u gks ldrk gST fd1rq 3slk dj og v0us HkfoF; ds fy3
dks6; fKkMkk 0zkNr ugha djrkT 6lds fo0jhr og fagalk0#.k;
dGR; ls vkua2 )ukus dks v0uk vf/kdkj l)Ius dh Hk#y djrk
gST okLro )sa f[kykSuk c>$ksa ds )uksjatu ds lk:k @ls
fKkMkk dk 3d 0jksMk 0kJ Hkh l)Ikrk gST
)-gxs f[kykSus " tSlk fd g)us 2s[k vc c>>kksa ds fy3 cus
cuk3 )-gxs f[kykSus cktkj )sa @0yC/k gST 3d ls 3d lq2j U jax
fcjaxsU vk/kqfud Lo$kfyr f[kykSus vk0dks 2qdkuksa 0j lts gq3
f)y tkosaxsT c*<s @\ksx ds P0 )sa f[kykSus dk @R0k2u $y
jgk gSU vc f[kykSus dk Hkh 3d cktkj gST vc 3sls f[kykSus
Hkh @0yC/k gS ftudks tks*<dj c>>kk dqL u dqL cuk Hkh
ldrk gST 6lls c>$ksa )sa lGtu dk vkua2 Hkh f)yrk gS vkSj
os dqL lh[krs Hkh gST
65
c>$s 6u )-gxsU Lo$fyr f[kykSuks ls E;k [ksyrs Hkh
gS . @RRkj gS gk-T vk0 tc 2qdku 0j c>$sa dks ys tkrs gS
rks og 6u f[kykSuksa dks 2s[kdj )$yrk gST vk0dks Hkh
v>Lk yxrk gSU vk0 f[kykSuk ys vkrs gST c>>kksa dks
f[kykSuk dSls $yrs gSU ;g l)Ikdj vk0 )qEr gksrs gST c>$k
dqL 2sj @uls [ksyrk gS vkSj f5j @1gsa rks*< 5ks*< dj
f[kykSus ds vfL:k 0atj Xhys dj 2srk gST c>>kksa dk [ksyuk
ca2 gks tkrk gSU u3 f[kykSuksa dh )kax gksus yxrh gST
c>$s E;ksa rks*rs gS f[kykSus " ;g l)Iuk cgqr lgt gS fd
c>>ks f[kykSus E;ksa rks*rs gST c>>kksa dk f[kykSuk
rks*<uk cgqr lgt o 0zkdGfrd gST c>>ks ;g tkuuk $kgrs gS
fd 6l f[kykSus )sa gS E;k .;g dk) dSls djrk gST 6l f[kykSus
ds va2j E;k E;k gS . 6u 0zKuksa ds @Rrj ds fy3 f[kykSuks dk
rks*<uk 3d LoHkkfod dGR; gST oLrqrY f[kykSus dks
rks*<dj ckyd v0uh ftZklk ]kkar djrk gST @ldh @Rlqdrk
dk ;g 0z:k) fc12q gST ckyd dks f[kykSus dh dh)r ls dqL
Hkh ysuk 2suk ugha gST
3slk ugha gS fd c>$s vkt gh f[kykSuk rks*< jgs gST
c>$sa l2k ls f[kykSus rks*<rs jgs gST vkt ls 0$kl oFk; 0#o;
tc )Sa c>$k :kk rc )Sa Hkh f[kykSus rks*<rk :kkT 3d
ugha d6; f[kykSus rks*<s gS )SusU vk0 Hkh v0us c$0u dks
L)j.k dhft3T vk0us Hkh f[kykSus rks*<s gksxsT ;f2 c$0u
)Sa f[kykSus ugha #s rks 9;:k; x;k c$0uT c$0u )sa
f[kykSus dk #uk fKkMkk dk vkjaHk gST
f[kykSuks dh vkoK;drk E;ksa gS ." ;gk- ;g 0zKu @Juk
LoHkkfod gS fd c>$ksa dks f[kykSus dh vkoK;drk E;ks gS.
E;k c>$s dsoy [ksyus ;k )uksajatu ds fy3 f[kykSus $kgrs gS
. )sjh jk; )sa c>$ksa dk f[kykSus ls 0zkjafHkd N;kj dk ;gh
dkj.k gS fd1rq g)sa L)j.k j[kuk $kfg3 fd c>$ksa dh d'0uk dk
laalkj fc'dqy vyx gksrk gST os v0uh d'0uk dh 2qfu;k ds
uk;d gksrs gST 6l 2qfu;k )sa tks dqL gS @udh d'0uk gST
f[kykSus 6l d'0uk dks 3d vk/kkj 2srs gST d'0uk dh 6l 2qfu;k
)sa os lGtu Hkh djuk $kgrs gST os v0us lGtu )sa jax Hkh
Hkjuk $kgrs gS vkSj 3slk dj os v0uh 2qfu;k dk vku12 ysuk
$kgrs gST ;g fKkMkk dk 0zkjaHk gS c>$s v0uh @)z ds 0k-$
oFk; )sa ftruk lh[k ysrs gS yxHkx @ruk gh v0uh ]ksFk
66
lR0#.k; ft12xh )sa lh[k 0krs gST 6lfy3 ;s c$0u ds f2u @uds
]ksFk thou ds fu)k;.k dh vk/kkjfKkyk gS T
cus cuk3 f[kykSus E;ksa " fdlh dR0uh ds QsFJr) @R0kf2r
f[kykSus Hkh c>$s dks og vku12 ugha 2s ldrs tks og [kq2
cukrk gST og tks f[kykSuk Lo;a cuk3xkU og cgqr sX<kU
)sX<k Hk2D2k gks ldrk gS fd1rq @ldh d'0uk ds lalkj )sa
og lq12jr) oLrq gksrh gST vfHkus?h ykjsu cSdky us l$ dgk
gS W d'0uk dh og Nkrax gS ftls 61lku lcls c-$k @*<k ldrk
gST 6lfy3 c>$ksa ds fy3 QsFJr) f[kykSus f)Dh ds gksrs gS
tks vkt ]kk;2 gh @0yC/k djk3 tkrs gks ;f2 f)Dh ds
f[kykSus cukus dh 0zf_;k )sa )krkU f0rkU c*<k Hkk6; vkf2
lfR)fyr gks vkSj @uds lk:k c>$k f[kykSuk cuk3 rks og tks
vkua2 0kosxk" og lalkj dk loks;RRk) vkua2 gSU gks ldrk gS
og 0zkjaHk )sa dqL u dj 0k3 d0*<s o gk:k 0Sj xa2s dj ys
fd1rq v1rrY og lGtu dk vkua2 ys ysxkT f)Dh ds
f[kykSus cukdj ckyd dh d'0uk ]kfEr dk v2DHk#2 fodkl
gksxk og tkus E;k E;k cukuk $kgsxkT @ls $kfg3 dsoy
)kx;2Kk;u T
g)kjs c$0u )sa vk/kqfud f[kykSus ugha :ksT g)us cuk3
gS f)Dh ds f[kykSusU f)Dh ds f[kykSuksa ds lk:k jsr
ds +kj vkSj @u +kjksa ds vyx vyx d)jksa dh 9;oL:kk fdruh
r'yhurkU vkua2 2srh gS fd g) lc dqL Hk#y tkrs :ksT c$0u
)sa f)Dh ds gh ughaUdkxt ds Hkh f[kykSus cukdj g)us
cgqr vkua2 fy;k gST gok6; tgkt @*<k3 gS dkxt dsT )kf$l
ds [kksdks ls syh5ksu cuk3 gS vkSj @uls l$)q$ ckr djus
dk vkua2 @Jk;k gST E;k vkt c>$ksa dks 6u lc)sa vku12
ugha vk3xkT
f[kykSus ds 6l vkua2 )sa *gk6;ax 0s0j 0j $#gs fc'yh ls
ysdj ]ksj rd cukus dh 0zf_;k Hkh c$0u dk vkua2 gST 6l
vku12 )sa oGfH 6u f$?ksa )sa jax Hkjus ls dh tk ldrh gST
js[kkadu ds 6l dk;; dk ykHk c>$ksa dks v0us fKkMk.k dk;;
)sa vkrk gST
cus cuk3 f[kykSus c>$ksa dks lGtu dk vkua2 ugha 2s
0krs @uls c>$ksa dh d'0uk ]kfEr dk fodkl ugha gksrkT os
lGtu dh u6;"u6; f2Kkk3- ugha [kkst 0krsT os @1gs
67
rks*<dj vkua2 ysrs gST 6l rks*< 5ks*< )sa fgalk @0tus
ds [krjs gST 3d ckj fgalk dh )kufldrk cuh dh @lls @0th
l)L;kvksa dk var ugha gST vrY f0LrkSy tSls fgald
gf:k;kjksa dks 0zrhd P0 )sa Hkh f[kykSuksa )sa lfR)fyr )r
dhft3T
lRkL;k E;k gS . "l)L;k ;g gS fd g) vk/kqfud thou dh 9;LRkrk
)sa 6ruk l); ugha g)kjs 0kl ugha gksrk fd dqL l); c>>kksa
dks 2sT @uds lk:k f)Dh ds f[kykSus cukus dh d'0uk
Hkh g) ugha dj ldrsT 6l dk;; )sa 0fjQ)U /kS;; vkSj Lo;a dks
lGtuKkhy gksuk 0*s<xkT 6ruk Q) djus ds ctk; lq12j ls cus
cuk3 f[kykSus ykdj g) v0uk dr;9; 0#.k; dj ysrs gS vkSj vc lc
;gh dj jgs gS rks g)sa E;k gST ysfdu lcls gdj 0z;ksx dhft3
vk0dks vyx ls 0fj.kk) f2[kk6; 2saxsT 9;aS; f$?dkj $k'l
3)&]kq't us Jhd dgk gS W thou 2l dh xfrokyh lk6;fdy ds
l)ku gS g))sa ls vf/kdkaKk yksx @u)sa fx;j gksrs gq3 Hkh
@udk 6Lrs)ky gh ugha djrsT W
)krk"f0rk cuuk c*<h r0L;k dk dk) gST ;g ;Z gSU 6ls l);
dh d)h ;k vk/kqfud f$1ru ds va/kkuqdj.k )sa Hkqyk;k ugha
tk ldrkT ;f2 g) tokuh )sa 6ls Hkqyk 2saxs rks cqX<k0sa
)sa ;g g)sa ;k2 vk3xkT 6lfy3 yhd ls gdj laLdGfr dks v0uk63
T
vlyh x*c*< ;g gS fd vkt g)kjh )gRodkMkk3-a 6ruh
cX< x6; gS fd g) c>$s dks og cukuk $kgrs gS tks g) cuuk
$kgrs :ks vkSj u cu ldsT c>$ksa 0j 0zfr;ksfxrk dk Hk#r c$0u
ls 6l d2j yk2 f2;k tkrk gS fd og c$0u Hk#y tkrk gST og [ksy
gks ;k 0X<k6; g)sKkk rukoxzLr jgrk gST oLrqrY c>$k tks
gS vkSj tks laHkouk3- vkSj ]kfEr;k- @l)sa fughr gSU ogha
cusxkT og vk0dh )gRodkaMkk ds vuqlkj cu ugha ldrkT @ls
vktk2h 2s U@ldk lR)ku djsaT jk'5 ok'*ksa 3xl;u us l$ dgk
gS W c>>ksa dk lR)ku djs tPjr ls [;k2k @lds f0rk ;k )krk ugha
cusT @lds 3dk1r )sa [kyy u *kys W c>$ksa dks lgt Hkko ls
[ksyus dk vku12 ysus 2hft3T c>$sU fRkDh Udkxt ds
f[kykSus cuk3 rks*<sU f5j cuk3 6l)sa @udk vkua2 gST
f)Dh ls lus gk:k ;k xa2s gksrs d0*<s ;k vLr 9;Lr f2[krk
d)jk dks6; 0jsKkkuh dk dkj.k ugha gksuk $kfg3T c>$s ds lgt
68
fodkl ds fy3 @ldk vku12 yhft3T @ls )kx;2Kk;u 2hft3T @lds
lk:k f[kykSus cudj [ksfy3T
vaxzst @01;kldkj *h&3$&ykjs1l us tks dgk gS og
fo$kj.kh; gST @l 0j /;ku 2hft3 W ;g gS c>$ksa dks fl[kkus dkU
l)Ikus dk vklku rjhdk W )k- tSlk lgt lqx) XaxT c>>kksa
dks lks$ fo$kj djus dk dk) fl[kkus dk ;Ru lk;kl ugha gksuk
$kfg3 fd @1gsa @Jk;k vkSj Iksad f2;k /kEd)0sy )saT
@udks 0q[rk cukus ds fy3 @u rd la0zsfFkr dhft3 xfr)ku Loj U u
dh l)I2kjh dk lSykc Ul)I o)I dks xksyh )kfj3T @uds fy3
)gRo0#.k; gS )q2zk3 vkSj L0Kk; vkSj $sgjs ds gko Hkko u
fd cksfIy flHkarT c>$ksa ds ckjs )sa dHkh dks6; fo$kj )r
jf[k3 vkSj u dHkh @u 0j dks6; fo$kj :kksf03 T
c>$k c>>kk cuk jgsU @ldk fodkl lgt Xax ls gks 6lfy3
f[kykSus cukusU rks*usU 0quY cukus dh Lora?rk @ls 2hft3T
cus cuk3 f[kykSus @ldh d'0uk ]kfEr ds fodkl )sa lgk;d ugha
gS @ldh d'0uk ]kfEr dk fodkl o lGtu dk vku12 Lo;a f[kykSus
cukus )sa gST
"""""""""""
Ck>$ksa dks 2.*<U 3d l)L;k
vktdy fFkMkk Hkh l)k$kj Nk?ksa )sa 3d fof$? dkj.k ls
$$k; )sa gS T fofHk1u L:kkuksa ls ;s l)k$kj 0zdkfFkr gks
jgs gS fd 5yk 0kJFkkyk )sa fFkMkd us Lk? dks 6l Xax ls
dz#j ltk 2h fd Lk? dh uS? [;ksfr gh $yh x6; T dgha gk:k
dh g*D*h #h rks dh flj 0j $ks vk6; T ;s d#zjr) ltk3a
f)yus ds ck2 dqL Lk? 6rus vkrafdr gks x3 fd @1gksus
0kJFkkyk tkuk gh Lks*< f2;k T vusd Lk? kkyk ds v/;k0u
dks Jhd ls xzg.k ugha dj 0krsU @u 0j dMkk )sa g-lh @*<us
dk Hkh *j jgrk gS vkSj v0us 0fjokj )sa Hkh 2cko jgrk gS 6lfy3
os +kj Lks*< dj Hkkx tkrs gS T 3sls l)k$kj vc yxkrkj f)y jgs
gS T
69
fFkMkk vkt dh lcls )gRo0#.k; vkoF;drk gST foZku us
tgk- fodkl dk $dz rhoz xfr ls $yk;k gS ogha d.Jdk
0zfr;ksfxrk dks Hkh cX<kok f2;k gS T 5yLoPNk
)gRodkaMkk3a Hkh c*<h gST )krk f0rk 0s dk dk dj
c>>kksa ds fy3 r)k) lqfo/kk3a @0yC/k djk jgs gS )krk f0rk vkt
c>$ksa ls [;k2k ruko )sa gS T 3sls )sa tc os lqurs gS fd
@uds N;kjs c>$ksa dks fFkMkk ds uk) 0j 0zrkf*r fd;k tk jgk gS
rks os xqLls ls Hkj dj 0kJFkkykvksa )s @R0kr )$krs gS T
5yLoPNk fFkMkdksa dk lR)ku +kus yxrk gS vkt 0kyd fFkMkd
la+k )s og l)1o; ugha gS tks fFkMkk tSls 0fo? laL:kkuksaa
)sa gksuk $kfg3 T
6l fL:kfr ds d6; dkj.k gS T okLro )sa tula[;k oGfH
Hkh 3d dkj.k gS T 6l oGfH ds dkj.k xzk) xzk) xyh xyh 6rus
fo\ky; 0zkjRHk gks x3 gS fd ftldh g) d'0uk gh dj ldrs gs T
6ruk gh ugha ;s fo\ky; kqH v:k;FkkL? dh uhao 0j [k*s< gS
vkSj @>$ xq.koRrk dh fFkMkk 2sus dh +kksKk.kk djrs gS T
kkldh; fo\ky;ksa ds 0zfr vk) ukxfjdks )sa gh ugha U kklu ds
@>$ 02L:k vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj usrkvksa )s Hkh vfoFokl cX<
x;k gS T 5yLoPNk futh fo\ky;ksa )sa gh Lk?ksa dh Hkh*<
@)*< 0*h gS T @>$ xq.koRrk dh vkSyHkkKkk vk/kkfjr
fFkMkk ds fy3 )agxh kq'd 9;oL:kk U osFkHk#Kkk U jgu lgu
v0ukuk 0*<rk gS T ftldk Hkkj 0kydksa dh tsc dks gh @Jkuk
0*<rk gS T
6l 9;oL:kk )sa fFkMkdksa dh )kax rks cX<rh gh gS T
csjkstxkj ;qodksa ds fy3 ;g 3d volj gS T fFkMkd gksus ds fy3
tks uSfrd xq.k /kS;; U R;kxU fo$kjFkhyrk U f$1ru vkf2 vkoF;d
gS @l 0j rks dks6; /;ku 2srk gh ugha gST fFkMk.k lRc1/kh
;ksS;rk gh Nk;k;Nr gST dgha dgha rks @ldh Hkh vkoF;drk
ugha l)Ih tkrh T +kjsyq @+kksx tks ;g cu x;k gS T 6lds
ck2 6u fFkMkdksa dks tks osru f2;k tk jgk gS U og 1;#ur)
gS T 6ls g) NkX<s fy[ks ;qodksa dk kksKk.k gh dg ldrs gS
T fFkMkd )tc#jh )sa 6ls Lohdkj dj ysrk gS T 5yLoPNk @ldk
ruko xzLr jguk LokHkkfod gS T 0kyd E;ksfd )agxh fFkMkk 2s
jgs gS 6lfy3 $kgrs gS fd @uds c>$ksa dks gh @>>r) vad
0zkNr gks T vktdy 0kyd fo\ky;ksa )sa 6l foKk; )sa Hkh fook2
djrs 2s[ks x3 gS T )tk ;g gS fd 0kydksa ds 0kl v0us gh c>$s
70
ds fy3 l); ugha gS T os [kq2 6rus 9;Lr jgrs gS fd 0fjokj 0j /;ku
ugha 2s 0krs T 5yLoPNk fFkMkd vkSj 0kydks ds ruko ds ch$
c>$s Hkh rukoxzLr jgrs gS E;ksfd os @uds fy3 0kyh tk jgh
)gRodkaMkk dks 0#.k; ugha dj ldrs T 5yLoPNk +kj ls Hkkx
tkuk gh ugha vkR)gR;k djus rd ds l)k$kj NkXusa dks f)yrs
gS T
2.* dk 0zkjRHk " fFkMkk laL:kku $kgrk gS fd @ldh kkyk
dk 0fj.kk) loks;Rr) gksU @ls $kguk Hkh $kfg3T 0kyd $kgrs
gS fd @uds css csh loks;>$ gks U E;k ;g lRHko gS . ;g
dHkh lRHko gqvk ugha U gksxk ugha U rc fFkMkd v0us
Lk?ksa dks 2.* 2srk gS rkfd Hk; ds vk/kkj 0j Lk? 0zsfjr gks
T Hk; 3d 3slk dkjd gS ftldk @0;ksx 0zk$hudky ls fFkMkk txr
)sa gks jgk gS vkSj 3d 0zdkj ls 6ls )k1;rk f)yh gq6; gS T
;f2 Lk? @2.* gks U ckj ckj vuqFkklughurk djsa rks fFkMkd
E;k djs . ;g 0zFu gS U ;g 0zFu dsoy fFkMkd ds fy3 ugha gS T ;g
0zFu )krk f0rk ds fy3 Hkh gS T os Hkh v0us c>$ksa dks 2.*<
2srs gh gS T ys[kd f$1rd U 2kFk;fud vjLrq )gks2; dgrs gS U
VV2.* 3d 0zdkj dh vkSKk/kh gS WW )y;ky) dh 3d dgkor gS V
fFkMk;s $ksfyyys khy u''k#W v:kk;rD 2.* ds Hk; ls gh
khy curk gS T
;g l$ Hkh gS T xks2 )sa j[kh gq6; oh.kk Hkh rk*<u
ds fcuk lq12j o )/kqj kC2 @R01u ugha djrh T
2.* fdruk " 0zFu ;g gS fd 2.* fdruk f2;k tk3U dc f2;k tk3 UT
2.* 2sus dk vf/kdkjh dkSu gS . ;s NkzFu gS tks @Rrj )kaxrs
gS T Hkkjr oKk; )sa 2.*< 2sus dks )k1; fd;k x;k gS T
0k$os 2Fkd rd 0kyd tc v0us c>$sa dks kkyk )sa Hkrh; djus
tkrs :ks rks dgrs :ks fd g)kjk c>$k vk0ds lq0q2; U vk0dh
$)*<hU g*D*h g)kjhU vk0 tSlk $kgks crk;o djks T ;gh
ugha dgk tkrk :kk V L*<h 0*<s L) L0 U fo\k vk3 I)I) TW
v:kk;rD fo\k 0zkfNr ds fy3 2.* dh )gRrk dks Lohdkj fd;k x;k
:kk T )uq =b(AA",BB foK.kq/k); l#? 8%"=%"=(
)sa xkSr) ^fKk ds )r dk vuq)ks2u djrs gq3 dgk x;k gS
fd ;f2 kC2ksa dk 0zHkko c>$ksa 0j u 0*s< rks 0ryh lh jLlh ;k
ckal dh 0ryh 0Dh ls g'ds Xax ls )kjk tk ldrk gS T
vk0LrRCk/k); l#? %b(b=b(A",B )sa vaafdr gS fd
kC2ksa Okjk gh Lk?ksa dh HkRl;uk dj v/;;u ds fy3 0zsfjr
71
djuk $kfg3 T ;f2 6lls ykHk u gks rks *k-uk U Hkkstu u
2suk U khry ty ls Luku djkuk U lk)us ls u vkus 2suk tSls
2.*< f23 tkus $kfg3 T )gkHkkK; )sa @0k/;k; Okjk 0hJ 0j )kjus
dh vkSj ladsr f2;k gS T )uq )gkjkt dgrs gS fd $fj? lRc1/kh
l1)kx; )sa $yus dh fFkMkk 2srs l); )/kqj kC2ksa dk 0z;ksx
djuk $kfg3 T
2.* dk vfHk0zk; " @0jksEr fooj.k ls ;g L0K gS fd c>$ksa
dks d) ls d) 2.* f2;k tk ldrk gS T tSls vjLrq dgrs gS fd
2.* 3d 0zdkj dh vkSKk/kh gST ch)kjh )sa gh vkSKk/kh 2h
tkrh gS vkSj lc tkurs gS fd vkSKk/kh dh )k?k d) ls d) gksrh
gS T 0zk$hu kkL?ksa )sa dsoy 0hJ 0j /kksy t)kus dh
LohdGfr 2h gS T dJksj 2.* dk 0zko/kku fFkMkk Mks? )sa
dHkh Lohdkj ugha fd;k x;k T 0zk$hu dky )sa Hkh dJksj 2.*
2sus dh L0K PNk ls )ukgh :kh T dsoy 0hJ 0j /kksy t)k6; tk
ldrh :kh T
;f2 dks6; fFkMkd dJksj 2.* 2srk :kk rks jktk ls fFkdk;r
dh tk ldrh :kh vkSj rc fFkMkd dks ogh 2.* f)yrk :kk tks fdlh
$ksj dks f2;k tkrk :kk T v:kk;;rD fu2;;h fFkMkd ds 0zfr l2k
ls 2.*uh; 0zko/kku jgs gS T
2.* dk 0zHkko " 6l 2.* dk vR;1r [krjukd 0zHkko gS T
)uksjksx foFksKkZ dgrs gS fd 6lds dkj.k c>$sa u $kgrs gq3
Hkh NkX<rs gS vkSj d6; ckj vkFk; ds vuqPNk vad u yk 0kus
dh otg ls f*0zsFku )sa tkdj vkR)gR;k dj ysrs gS T
tkuysok ;g 9;oL:kk vR;kf/kd ruko 0S2k dj 2srh gS ftlds dkj.k
c>$ksa dh f5f[kdy 3Elj lk6t ugha gks 0krh T 0zk:kf)d vkSj
)k/;f)d Lrj 0j NkX<k6; U 2.* dk vR;f/kd 2cko ugha gksuk
$kfg3 T
l)L;k dk gy " Lk? vuqFkklu )sa jgs vkSj fFkMkd dh vkZk
dk 0kyu djs 6lds fy3 ;g vkoF;d gS fd 0kydx.k Hkh v0us c>$ksa
0j /;ku 2s T c>>kksa dks lqfo/kk3a 0z2ku djuk gh lcdqL ugha
gS T c>$ksa dks 0zs) 0#.k; lqjMkk dk 3glkl gksuk $kfg3 T
c>$ksa 0j loks;Rr) vkSj lo;QsKJ 0fj.kk) ykus dk 2cko l)kNr
gksuk $kfg3 T os [k#c )sgur djs vkSj tks Hkh 0fj.kk) vk3 @ls
g) Lohdkj djsU ;g 3d vk2Fk; fL:kfr gks ldrh gS T g)kjh
)gRodkaMkk g) v0us c>$ksa 0j ugha yk2s T vkt c>$s vkSj
72
)krk f0rk 2ksuks gh rukoxzLr gS T c>$ksa dk ruko rks
vkR)gR;k djus rd tk 0gq-$k gS T
g)sa 6l r:; 0j Hkh fo$kj djuk $kfg3 fd 2.* 2sus dk
vf/kdkj vkf[kj gksrk fdls gS T okLro )s tks g)sa 0zs) djs
vkSj ftl)sa g)kjs lq/kkj djus dh fu;r L0K f2[kk6; 2s ogh
g)sa 2.* 2sus dk vf/kdkjh gks ldrk gS T tks g)ls 0zs) djrk
gS og d#zjrk0#o;d 2.* 2s gh ugha ldrk T @lds Okjk f2;s x3
2.* dks dks6; v0)kutud ugha )kurk T @lds 2.* ls ruko
Hkh @R01u ugha gksrk T fo$kj dhft3 )krk tc c>$s dks 2.*
2srh gS *k-arh gS rks E;k c>$k cqjk )kurk gS T ruko )s
vkrk gSU og lgt jgrk gS T og 0#o;or v0uh )k- ls N;kj djrk gS
vkSj tc og o;Ld gks tkrk gS rks v0uh )k- dk 3glku )kurk gS
fd @lus @ls lgh )kx; 2Fk;u f2;k T
vkt u rks fFkMkd vkSj u )krk f0rk 0zs) dk ;g foFokl
c>$ksa )sa @R01u dj 0k jgs gS T ;f2 fFkMkd c>$ksa ls 0zs)
djrk gS rks og /kS;; j[ksxk T ckj ckj 0z;Ru dj lq/kkj ykus dk
0z;Ru djsxk vkSj c>$k 6ls vuqHko djsxk rc 2.* dk fook2 gks
gh ugha ldrk T f5j )krk f0rk dks Hkh dks6; fFkdk;r gks gh
ugha ldrh T
fFkMkd $;u ds l); 9;fEr dh kSMkf.kd ;ksS;rk ds lk:k
lk:k @lds )kuoh; xq.kksa 0j Hkh /;ku f2;k tkuk vkoF;d gS T
foFo fo\ky; )s NkX<kuk ljy gS fd1rq 0zk:kf)d o )k/;f)d kkyk
)s NkX<kuk 3d $qukSrh0#.k; dk;; gS T vaxszt dfo fofy;)
dks0j dgrs gS UV g)kjs lcls )gRo0#.k; oKk; g)kjs 0zkjfRHkd
oKk; gksrs gS W ;s 0zkjfRHkd oKk; uho gS thou dh T 6uds
0zfr fFkMkd vkSj 0kyd 2ksuks dk 2kf;Ro cgqr vf/kd gS T
"ej.k j[ks " )krk f0rk cuuk ljy gS fd1rq c>$ksa dk 2kf;Ro
6;)ku2kjh ls fuok;g djuk dfJur) dk;; gS T vrY )krk f0rk
dks fdlh Hkh kkyk )s 0zosFk f2ykus ds 0#o; kkyk ds lRc1/k
)s 0#.k; tkudkjh 0zkNr djus ds ck2 gh fu.k;; ysuk $kfg3T
@1gs l); l); 0j kkyk )sa c>$s dh 0zxfr tkuus ds fy3
fFkMkdksa ls lR0d; lk/kuk $kfg3 T 6ruk gh ugha @1gs v0us
c>$ksa ds lk:k thfor lR0d; )s jgdj @udh l)L;kvksa dks Hkh
tkuuk $kfg3 T
73
;f2 )krk f0rk ds 0kl l); u gks rks [;k2k v>Lk ;g gS fd os
l1rku dh 6>Lk u djs T czRg$;; /kkj.k djs T 3d ckj tc os
2kf;Ro xzg.k dj ysrs gS rc dks6; fd1rq 0j1rq @uds U c>$ksa
ds vkSj 2sFk ds fgr )sa ugha gksxk T
"""""""""""
Nkfjokj ds fy3 Hkh lafo/kku cuk63
74
3d lqcg )sjs 0*<kslu )qIls f)yus vk6; T )Sus @ldk
;:kksf$r lR)ku fd;k vkSj 0#Lk V dSls vkuk gqvk URkSa E;k
lsok dj ldrk g#- . W og 0jsFkku vkSj grkFk f2[k jgh :kh @lus
dgkU V dy jkr dh +kuk rks )Sus lquh gh gksxh W )Sus @ls
ksdk T dgk V )qIs dqL ugha )kyq) W og cksyh U
V2k2kth vk0ds d)js )sa 0zdkFk :kk U 6lls )Sus tkuk fd vk0
tkx jgs gS T dy f5j )sjk csk jkr 2ks cts kjkc 0hdj vk;k T og
uFks )sa *#ck :kk T @lus 2joktk [k[kk;k U @lds f0rk us
2joktk [kksyk T css dks 6l PNk )sa 0k os dzks/k ls 0kxy gks
x3 T @ls )kjk vkSj +kj ls fudkyus yxs T c*<k gaxk)k gqvk
T vk0 lksf$3 toku chl oKkh;; css dks dks6; 6l rjg +kj ls
fudkyrk gS T g)kjk rks 3d gh csk gS T ;f2 @ls +kj ls jkr dks
fudky 2s rks og dgk- tk3xk T og 6l fL:kfr )s vkR) gR;k
Hkh dj ldrk :kk T c*<h )qfFdy ls @1gs l)Ik;k T ;g jkst dh
ckr gS T vk0 @1gs l)Ikvksa TW
;g fdLlk dsoy 3d 0fjokj dk ugha gS 3slh +kuk3a vktdy
lquk6; 2s jgh gS T )sjs 3d lRc1/kh us crk;k fd @lds 3d)k?
0q? us @ldk xyk 2ckdj )kjus dk 0z;Ru fd;k fd1rq @lds
Hkk6; @l l); vEl)kr vk x3 vkSj +kuk y x6; T 0q? 0q?o/kq
vc +kj Lks*< Hkkx x3 gS vkSj og vdsyk jg x;k gS T
+kuk3a E;ks gks jgha gS " 6u +kukvksa dks lqudj
LokHkkfod PNk ls 0zFu [k*<k gksrk gS fd 3slk E;ksa gks jgk
gS T 3d f0rk ;k )krk g)kjs 2sFk )sa 2sork dh Qs.kh )sa vkrs
gS T os Nk#[; gS U@udh 0#tk gksuk $kfg3 T @uds lk)us
css Ucsf;k Hkd tk3 rks dkj.k dqL xgjk gksuk $kfg3 T
vHkh 612kSj )&0z dk 3d l)k$kj NkX<k T 3d ckfydk tks
ckgjoha )sa v/;;ujr gS U +kj Lks*<dj 6lfy3 Hkkx x6; fd
@ldh )k- us @ls *kk :kk T 3d csk 6lfy3 vkR)gR;k dj
ysrk gS E;ksfd @lds f0rk us @ldh ckr ugha )kuh T ;g g)kjh
oGH 0hX<h dks dqL vthc yxrk gS T dy rd 0fjokjksa )sa
c>$ks dks *kk Hkh tkrk :kkU )kjk Hkh tkrk :kkU f5j Hkh
c>$s v0us )krk"f0rk vkSj 0fjtuksa dk vk2j lRdkj djrs :ks T os
tkurs :ks fd g)kjs )krk"f0rk g)s vlh) N;kj djrs gS vkSj ;s lc
g)kjs Hkys ds fy3 gks jgk gS T
75
vkt Hkh )krk"f0rk v0us css csf;ksa ls vR;kf/kd N;kj
djrs gS T )krk f0rk vkt v0us c>$ksa ds fodkl ds fy3 cgqr
vf/kd f$f1rr gS T os v0us c>>kksa dks os lc lqfo/kk3a 2s jgs
gaS tks @1gs dHkh ugha f)yh T 0fjokjksa )sa vc 2.*<
2sus dh Hkh 1;#1krk 0k6; tkrh gS T oLrqrY fdlh ds 0kl l);
gh ugha gS fd og c>$ksa ls cksys U 0sz) djs U [ksys Uuk$s
xk3 T @udh dfJuk6; tkus Ulqfo/kk3a tqk6; Udksf$ax dks
Hkstk vkSj )gRokdkaMkk ds LoNu latks3 T [ksy [kR)U
dr;9;0#.k; T
vkt )krk f0rk )ku jgs gS fd l); cgqr c2y x;k gS T 0qjkus
thou )#'; dk) ds ugha gS T 0zfr;ksfxrk xyk dk Lrj rd
0gq-$ x6; gS T 3sls )sa 0qjkus fu;) dk;2s $ykuk csdkj gS T
vkt dk ;qok vk/kqfud gS T vkt lh[kus ds fy3 foZku ds
vk/kqfud @0dj.k h&oh&U 61jusU )ksck6yU 0f?dk3a vkf2
@0yC/k gS T foZku us 6ruh vf/kd tkudkjh @Lky 2h gS fd
@ldks cksj 0kuk vc )krk f0rk ds cl )sa ugha gS T vkt ;qok
6l tkudkjh dks l)sus )sa yxk gS 3sls )sa 0jR0jkok2h )krk
f0rk fdlh dk) ds ugha jgs gS T
E;k ;g l$ gS " ;g ckr l$ gS fd foxr 3d oKk; )sa foZku us Zku
ds Hk.*kj dks ftl Xax ls [kksyk gS U og v0kj gS T ;qokvksa
ds lk)us lRHkkoukvksa dk Okj [kqyk 0*<k gS fd1rq ;g Hkh
lgh gS fd 6u v0kj lRHkkoukvksa ds )/; Hkdus ds fy3
jkt)kx; ds Okj Hkh [kqys gS ftl 0j j0 dj 2q+k;uk xzLr
gksus dh vkFkadk3 Hkh c*<h gS T ftruk f$duk lj0 )kx;
gksxk U f5lyu @ruh gh vf/kd gksxh vkSj 6lfy3 lko/kkuh Hkh
@ruh gh vf/kd vkoF;d gS T vrY vc lko/kkuh ds fu;)ksa dk
Hkh fu/kk;j.k djuk 0*sxk T tc thou )#'; 0qjkus dk) ugha vk
jgs gS rks u3 thou )#'; xX<uk 0*sxk T ;g dk;; uo;qok
0hX<h ugha dj ldrh T 6lds fy3 rks )krk f0rk dks gh d2)
cX<ksus gksxs T
Nkfjokj ds laLdkj " 0gys 0fjokj dh dqL 0jR0jk3a gksrh :kh ft1gs
g) laLdkj dgrs :ks T laLdkjksa dh vkoF;drk u6; thou kSyh
)sa Hkh gS T dqL ckrs dHkh 0qjkuh ugha 0*rh T @2kgj.k
ds fy3 l#;; ;k $k-2 dHkh cklh ugha gksrs T 3sls gh )krk
f0rk dk N;kj Hkh gST v0us 0fjtuksa ds lk:k Lusg l#? dk
vkHkkl Hkh ;f2 xk;c gks rks f5j fjFrksa dh vk/kkj fFkyk dgk-
76
jg 0k3xh T c>$ksa dks v0us )krk f0rk 0j 0#.k; foFokl rks gksuk
gh $kfg3 T os tks djsxs os @uds fgr )as djsxsa T ;g gS
Lusg l#? dk /kkxk T vxj ;g foFokl u gks rks f5j 0fjokj dk uk)
gh 9;:k; gS T f5j rks 3d /k);Fkkyk ksKk c$rh gS T tc
$kgks vkvks aU [kkuk [kkvks vkSj tks )u )s vk3 og djks
l$)q$ ;gha gky vkt gS T )qIs 3slk yxrk gS fd flus)k )s rks
galks*< f0rk dk fdj2kj 0k;k tkrk gS @ldks 0fjokjksa us
vk2Fk; cuk fy;k gS T 6lfy3 )krk f0rk dk tks 0#[;uh; PNk gks
ldrk :kk U og xk;c gks x;k T ;g l$ gS fd tc css csh ;qok
gks tk3 rks @uls f)?or 9;ogkj djuk $kfg3 0j g)sa ;g ;k2 j[kuk
$kfg3 fd f)? Hkh 3d )kx;2Fk;d vkSj 2kFk;fud dh Hk#f)dk
fuok;g djrk gS T ;f2 f)? g)sa lgh lykg ugha 2srk U
)kx;2Fk;u ugha 2srk rks 3sls f)? ls f)? u gksuk gh QsKJ gS
T
Ckuk63 3d lafo/kku " ;f2 g) $kgrs gS fd 0fjokj U0fjokj dh rjg
$ys rks 3d vfyf[kr lafo/kku dh vkoF;drk ls 61dkj ugha fd;k tk
ldrk ftldk lHkh fcuk fdlh fd1rq 0j1rq ds 0kyu djs T ;g 0jR0jk dk
2#ljk PNk gksxk T 6l lafo/kku dk u fl5; ;qokvksa dks 0kyu
djuk gS oju lHkh l2L;ksa dks 0kyu djuk $kfg3 T
Lk); 0j +kj 0j vkuk " 6ldk lcls )gRo0#.k; fu;) ;g gksuk $kfg3
fd 3d fufF$r l); rd 0fjokj dk gj l2L; fuokl 0j @0fL:kr gks T
NkMkh x.k Hkh lka/; l); v0us +kksalyksa )s vkdj foQk) djrs gS
6l fu;) dk 0kyu djus ls 0fjokj ds l2L; 3d lk:k +kqy f)y ldsxs T
$$k; dj ldsxs vkSj )krk f0rk Hkh @udh l)L;kvksa vkSj
xfrfof/k;ksa dks tku ldsxs
Lkk:k lk:k Hkkstu " 0fjokj ds l2L;ksa dk lk:k lk:k Hkkstu
djuk Hkh )gRo0#.k; gS T Hkkstu kk1r )u ls 0zl1u0#o;d
fd;k tk3 6lds fy3 ;g @f$r gksxk fd Hkkstu ds 0#o; 3d 0zHk#
0zk:k;1kk Hkh dh tk3T vf/kdrj 0fjokjks a)s a;g 0zk:k;uk dh
Hkh tkrh gST
l)L;kvksa 0j $$k; " 0fjokj )sa 0fjokj ds gj l2L; dh xfrfof/k 0j
$$k; dj @udh l)L;k3a tkuh tk3 vkSj gy lqIk3a tkos T
6l 0zdkj 0fjokj ds dqL fu;) g) v0uh lqfo/kk vkSj lR)fr ls
cuk ldrs gS T 6udk 0kyu djus ls f5j fdlh l2L; ds Hkdus dh
vkFkadk d) gks tkrh gS T f5j kjkc [kksjh Udqlax vkf2 0j
77
fu;?a.k fd;k tk ldrk gS T 6l 0zdkj dh 0zkjfRHkd fL:kfr )sa
fu;a?.k 0kuk lgt ljy gS fd1rq 6lds fy3 vkoF;d gS fd 6l lafgrk
dk 0kyu o;Ld Hkh 0#.k; lR)ku vkSj dJksjrk ls djs T ;g
vkR)uqFkklu dh 0z:k) lhX<h gS T vuqFkklu 0fjKdkj dh vfSu
gS ftl)ss 0zfrHkk ;ksS;rk dk PNk /kkj.k dj ysrh gS vuqFkklu
0zk.k gS xGgL:k vkQ) dk T vkt 6lh dk vHkko gS tks $qukSrh
cudj [k*<k gS T
l)Is $qukSrh dks " ;g lc djuk 6lfy3 vkoF;d gS fd $q1kkSrh
0fjokj ds ;qok l2L;ksa dh ugha gS foZku ds vk/kqfud
@0dj.kksa dh gS ftudk lk:k gS Hkdrs gq3 ;qok 2ksLrksa dh
T vkt g)kjs 0fjokj dk csk ;k csh g)kjs foFokl )sa d)U v0us
2ksLrksa 0j foFokl [;k2k j[ks gq3 gS T vkt ;qok )sa 5SFku
dks ysdj tcjtLr 0zfr;ksfxrk gS T 6lfy3 ;qok 6l ckgjh okrkoj.k
ds 0zHkko )sa cgqr vf/kd gS T og l)Irk gS fd g)kjs )krk
f0rk vk/kqfud thou kSyh l)Irs gh ugha T 6lfy3 @l 0j laxfr dk
0zHkko vkoF;drk ls vf/kd gST )krk f0rk dh 9;oLrrk us 6l)sa
0zHkkoFkkyh Hkkx v2k fd;k gS T
6lfy3 v0us ;qok css dh laxr 0j /;ku f2;k tkuk l); dh
vkoF;drk gS dgrs gS 3d x12h )Lyh lkjs rkykc dks x12k dj
2srh gS T vkt ds ;qok Hkdko )sa laxfr dk foFksKk ;ksx gS
T uofo/kku dqPf1:k;ksa ds uk) 0z:k) Nk? %4b,, )sa dgk
x;k gS V dqlaxfr v>Ls $fj? dks fcxk*< 2srh gS W
o'yHk2so lqHkkfKkroyh ,7, )sa dgk x;k gS V 2qK dh
laxfr dhfr; uK dj 2srh gS WT EysFk @R01u djrh gS T
vFkqHk xfr 0z2ku djrh gS T )uqK;ksa )sa @Osx vkSj f[k1urk
@R011k djrh gS T @0gkl 0k? cukrh gS cqfH dks Hkz) )sa
*ky 2srh gS 0zk.k kkfEr Mkh.k dj 2srh gS T 6l 0zdkj
)axyksa dks uK dj 2srh gSTW
0fjokj )sa 0jL0j 0zs) gks U v0uRo gks U vuqFkklu gks U
);k;2k gks rks f5j 6l $qukSrh dk c*s vku12 ls lk)uk fd;k
tk ldrk gS T 6lfy3 lcls 0gys 0fjokj ds fy3 dqL fu;) cuk3 U @ldk
lc 0kyu djs r:kk foFokl dk vt;u djs rc f5j dks6; l)L;k ksKk
ugha jgsxh T vHkh l)L;k 6lfy3 gS fd +kj 3d /k);Fkkyk cuh
gq6; gS T vk0lh laok2 ugha gS T +kj dks lo; 0z:k) vkQ)
cuk63 T rc g)kjh gj l)L;k dk l)k/kku v0us vk0 gh tk3xk T
78
"""""""""""""
l); dk l2q0;ksx dSls djsa .
g)us fo2sfKk;ksa ls cgqr dqL lh[kkU ysfdu l); dk lRRkku
djuk ugha lh[k 0k3U 6lfy3 2sKk dh 0zxfr dk j:k vkxs cX< rks
jgk gS fd1rq xfr ugha 0d*< jgk T g) l); ds laca/k )sa
xaHkhj f$1ru ugha djrsT 5yLoP0 g)kjk dks6; dk) l); 0j ugha
gksrkT
g) dgrs Hkh gS fd dk;;_) Hkkjrh; l); ds vuqlkj j[kksa
ftldk vkKk; gksrk gS fd ;f2 dk;;_) vkJ cts ls 0zkjaHk gksus
okyk gS rks lkr cts dk l); fy[kks rkfd vkJ cts rd dk;;_) ]kqP
gks ldsT 6l +kas ds foyRc dks g) foyRc gh ugha )kursT
fufK$r l); 0j dk;; u djus dh vk2r dk uk) gS Hkkjrh; l);T E;k
6l rjg g) Lo;a dk v0)ku ugha djrs .
g) l); dk dSlk Hkh @0;ksx djsaU l); dk dqL Hkh ugha
fcx*<RkkT 3d f2u ds $kSchl +kas lrrD $yrs gST @l)sa
u 3d f)u +k ldrk gS vkSj u cX< ldrk gST ;f2 vk0 l); dks
9;:k; xaokrs gS rks v0uk uqdlku djrs gST l); dk 3d Mk.k
Hkh ok0l ugha vk ldrkT
$k.kE; uhfr )sa Hkh dgk gS U WW thou dk 3d Mk.k
djks*< Lo.k; )q2zk3a 2sus 0j Hkh ugha f)y ldrk WW 6l
)gRo0#.k; l); dks 9;:k; xaokus dk v:k; gS fd l); dh
j$ukR)d Hk#f)dk dks ugha 0g$ku jgs gST
l); ds 6l )#'; dks g)kjs jkFgh; fu)k;rkU jkFg f0rk
)gkR)k xka/kh us 0g$kuk :kkT os v0us lk:k l2So +k*<h
j[krs :ks vkSj @1gksus 0zR;sd Mk.k dk @0;ksx fd;kT 6lfy3
@udk thou 9;Lr) gksrs gq3 Hkh c*<k 9;ofL:kr :kkT os fu;r
l); 0j fu;r dk;; lR01u djrs :ks vkSj 6lfy3 @uds 0zR;sd dk;;
)sa vuqKkklu vkSj ;kstuk gksrh :khT
79
g)kjs 0z:k) 0z/kku)1?h 0&tokgjyky usgP Hkh l); dk
lRRkku djrs :ksT os gj lHkkU cSJd o dk;; )sa l); dk dJksjrk
ls 0kyu djrs :ksT @uds )a?h)a*y ds 3d l2L; l2k foyRc ls
@0fL:kr gksrs :ks vkSj *ka [kkrs :ksT 3d f2u os l); ls 0gys
0gq-$ x;s vkSj 0af*r usgP ds vkrs gh cksysU WW vkt )Sa l);
ls 0#o; @0fL:kr gks x;k g#-T vk0 /k1;ok2 ugha 2saxs .WW
@1gs tokc f)ykU WW vk0 ;k rks l); ds 0#o; vkrs gS ;k ck2
)saU ;gh xa2h vk2r gS fd vk0 l); 0j ugha vkrsTWW
l); ds )gRo dks l)Ius dk v:k; gS dk;; ds )gRo dks
l)IukT tc jsy l); 0j $ysxh rks @lls 3d 9;oL:kk @R01u
gksxhT l); 0j dk;; 0zkjaHk djus dk v:k; gS dk;k;y; )sa
vf/kd dk;;U dkj[kkus )sa vf/kd @R0k2u vkSj fo\ky;ksa )sa
vf/kd v/;;u T l); ds )gRo dks l)Ius dk v:k; gS fd @l vof/k
)sa vf/kd ls vf/kd )uks;ksx ls dk;; T
v)sfjdh jkFg0fr vczkg) fyadu dk futh lf$o 3d f2u foyRc
ls vk;kT 0#Lus 0j @lus +k*<h dks 2ksFk f2;kU fyadu us @lls
dgkU WW ;k rks dy ls +k*<h c2yksa ;k ukSdjh c2y 2ks WW 6lls
L0F gS fd dk;; o l); ds laca/k )sa tc rd $sruk ugha tkxsxh
rc rd 0zxfrU l)GfH vkSj ]kkafr vk gh ugha ldrhT
g) tk0kuU 6yhU ikal vkf2 2sKkksa dh ckr djrs gS fd1rq
@uds @2kgj.k dks )ku l); ds )#'; dks ugha l)IrsT
@R0k2u djrs gq3 6ldk /;ku ugha j[krsT 2sKk dh 0zxfr ds fy3
g) $kgs ftruh ;kstuk3a cuk3aU ;kstuk3a rc rd xfr ugha
0d*sxh tc rd g) gj Lkss"c*<s dk;; )sa vkSj 9;fErxr thou
)sa l);cH dk;; djuk 0zkjaHk ugah dj 2srsT
g) +kj ds [k$; dk ct cukrs gS fd1rq lhf)r l); dk dks6;
c[k ugha cukrsT tc rd g) l); dk ;kstukcH P0 ls @0;ksx ugha
djrsU l); dk dJksjrk ls 0kyu ugha djrsU rc rd Hkkjrh; l); dh
vo/kkj.kk l)kNr ugha gksrhT l); dk 6l ct cukus dk dk)
9;fErxr thou ls ]kqP gksuk $kfg3T ;f2 vk0us Wl);W ds )#';
0j /;ku f2;k rks f5j vk0dks ;g dgus dk volj ugha f)ysxk fd
g)sa rks )jus dk vodkKk ugha f)yrk T
6ldk lcls cfX<;k rjhdk gS v0uh 0zfrf2u dh *k;jh fy[kukT
*k;jh )sa 0zfrf2u dk dk)U )gRo ds _) )sa fy[kuk $kfg3T tks
80
dk;; fd1gh fofKkFJ dfuk6;;ksa ds dkj.k vk0 ugha dj ldsU
@1gs vxys f2u ds fy3 fy[k yhft3U rc vk0dks 0jsKkkuh ugha
gksxhT vkt rks gksrk ;g gS fd vk0 ch)kj 0Ruh ;k c>>ks ds fy3
2ok ysus fudys vkSj jkLrsa )sa 2ksLRkksa ls x0Kk0 djus yxsU
tPjh dk) Hk#y x3 vkSj l); uF gqvk lks vyx T
tc vk0 fu;ksftr Xax ls l); dk @0;ksx djsaxs rks vk0dks ;g
L0F gks tk;sxk fd fdl _) )sa E;k djuk gST vk0ds 0kl cktkj
tkrs l); [kjh2us okyh oLrqvksa dh l#$h gksxhT 9;fEr;ksa
ds uk) gksaxsU ftuls Hksa djuk gS T
vk0 3d $Edj )sa lc dk) 0#jk dj ok0l ykSsaxs T t'2ckth
)sa g)sa ckj"ckj 0jsKkku gksuk 0*<rk gS vkSj g) fu;) dk)
Hk#y tkrs gST 6l ;kstukcH dk;; ls l); rks c>ksxk gh vk0dks
v0us dk;; 0#jk gksus dk Hkh larksFk f)ysxkT
6ldk Hkh /;ku jf[k3 fd vk0ds 0kl dk) cgqr gS vkSj l); d)
gST 6lfy3 3d lk:k 2ks dk) djus )sa Hkh dks6; gt; ughaU
tSls vk0 $k;"ukKrk djrs l); h&oh& 2s[k ldrs gST h&oh&
2s[krs gq3 +kj dk v1; dk) Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gST 3sls 0zR;sd
dk) ds lk:k ;f2 vk0 dqL v1; dk;; djus dh vk2r *kysa rks l);
dh l)L;k ugha jgsxhT
6l 0zdkj fuj1rj dk;; djus okyk 9;fEr l); c>kk ysxkT 3sls
l); dk vodkKk ds P0 )sa vku12 fy;k tk ldrk gST tks :kdrk gSU
dsoy ogha foQk) dk vku12 ys ldrk gST foQk) dk v:k; ;g
dr6; ugha gS fd vk0 vk-[k ca2 dj U 0Sj 0lkj dj lks tk3aT dk)
dk c2yko Hkh foQk) gST ;f2 vk0us dfJu ]kkjhfjd Q) fd;k gS
rks vk0 vkjk) ls cSJdj ;k ysdj 0qLrd 0X< ldrs gSU f$? ;k
dk#;u cuk ldrs gS ;k )u0al2 dks6; vkSj dk) dj ldrs gST
dk) dk ;g c2yko vk0dks foQk) 2sxk vkSj oGHkoL:kk )sa
vk0dh gk-ch cudj )u cgyko ds lk:k )ku"lR)ku Hkh 2s ldrk
gS T
l); v)#'; gST ;g 3d ckj x;k rks f5j ok0l ugha vk3xkT
vk0dk thou dk) dh 2GfF ls cgqr Lksk gSU 6lfy3 6lds
0zfrMk.k dk lk:k;d @0;ksx djuk g)kjk dr;9; gST 6lls 0fjokj U
l)kt o jkFg dh 0zxfr dk Okj [kqyrk gST l); dk lR)ku dhft3
rHkh vk0dk lR)ku gksxk T
81
"""""""""""""
vkt ds l12Hk; )sa
0fjokj )sa cqtqx; 9;fEr dh vkoK;drk
WW 0fjokj ds lRca/k )sa lkfgR;dkj tSus12z ds 6u fo$kjksa
0j /;ku 2hft3U W 0fjokj );k;2kvksa ls curk gSU 0jL0j dRk;9;
gksrs gST vuqKkklu gksrk gS vkSj @l fu;) 0jR0jk )sa dqL
tuksa dh 6;dk6; 3d fgr ds vkl0kl tqdj 9;#g )sa $yrh gST
@l 6;dk6; ds 0zfr gj l2L; v0uk vkR)2ku djrk gST 6[tr
[kku2ku dh gksrh gST gj 3d @l)sa ykHk ysrk gS vkSj v0uk
R;kx 2srk gST
vktdy 3dy 0fjokjks adk $yu gks x;k gST g) 2ks vkSj
g)kjs 2ks gh 0fjokj ds vax )ku fy3 x3 gST 9;fErxr lq[k dh 6l
$kg us 0fjokj dh 0fjHkkFkk gh fcxk*< dj j[k 2h gST 0fjokj
0zs)U lg;ksxU R;kx lh[kusa dh 3d 0kJKkkyk gksrh :khT +kj dh
vaxhJh ds 0kl cSJdj ;s xq.k vuk;kl lh[ks tkrs :ks fd1Rkq vkt
og ckr dgk- . +kj ds ctqx; Hkh 6l okrkoj.k dks l)I x3 gS
6lfy3 cgqr ls cqtqx; r)k) dfJuk6;;ksa Isyrs gq3 Hkh vdsys
jguk 0l12 djrs gS vkSj 0fjokj ls 2#j jgrs gST E;k ;g fL:kfr
0fjokj vkSj 2sKk ds fgr )sa gST vk63 fo$kj djsa T
Qh WdW dk vHkh "vHkh fookg gqvk gST os vkSj @udh
uofookfgrk 0Ruh 3d dLcs )sa jgrs gST fdlh )k)#yh ckr 0j
@u)s a)rHks2 gks x;kT )rHks2 cX<rk x;k vkSj v1r )sa
Qh)rh W dW fcuk dqL dgs +kj Lks*dj $y 2hT Qh WdW 2qY[kh
gks x3 T v0uh )k- dks cqyk;kT $kj f2u )sa gh Qh)rh W dW dk
0rk $yk fd os v0uh cgu ds ;gk- gST ogk- ls )k- us
cqyk;kT l)Ik;k vkSj 0fjokj ]kkf1Rk0#o;d $yk T Qh)rh Wd W
dgrh gS fd ;f2 )k- ugha gksrh rks 0fjokj $y gh ugha ldrk
:kkT uo 2R0fr ds fy3 rks 0fjokj ds cqtqx; v)Gr rqR; gST 3d
v>Ls 0fjokj dh d'0uk vk0 fcuk cqtqx; ds dj gh ugha ldrsT
laLdGr )sa dgk x;k gSU W oGH okE;S fcuk r#ua uSoksRRkkja
d:k$ua W v:kk;rD oGH
yksxksa ds fcuk fdlh 0zdkj dh fuLrkj ugha T
Qh)rh W[kW ]kkldh; lsok )sa gST @uds 0fr Hkh vf/kdkjh
gST tc 2ksuks dk) 0j tkrs gS Urks +kj 0j rkyk gksrk gST
c>>kk l*<d 0j [ksyus dks )tc#j gST 6ruh [kjkc fL:kfr gS fd
82
vk0 )tc#jh )sa vk-l# gh cgk ldrs gST vc 2k2h )k- ds vk
tkus ls 3d lqd#u gST tux.kukU fuok;$u tSls jkFgh;
dk;;_)ksa )sa ]kkldh; lsodksa dks tks dF @Jkuk 0*<rk
gS @ldk dkj.k 0fjokj )sa cqtqx; 9;fEr dk vHkko gh gST
cqtqx; 9;fEr dks 0sz)0#o;d 0fjokj )sa j[kuk ;g uo 2R0fr dk
gh Lok:k; gS T :kks*h lh Lora?rk ds fy3 vk/kqfudrk dk
$ksxk 0gu g) 9;fErxr Lok:k; dk fcxqy crkrs gS og thou la+
kFk; )s av0us gh foPH gf:k;kj @Jkus tSlk gST
cqtqx; 9;fERk ds vuqHko dh 3d lqx1/k gST @ldh 2GfF
)sa 3d 0zdkKk gST @ldh dk;k )sa ]kqH 0zs)U v0uRo U ))Ro U
R;kx Ulg;ksx l)k;k gqvk gST og r0k r0k;k lksuk gST @ldk lk:k
yM)h dk fuokl gST ;f2 vk0 cqtqx; dks lk:k j[krs gS rks 0fjokj
dks E;k f)yrk gST fo$kj dhft3T
0fjokj ds lRca/k )sa lkfgR;dkj tSus12z ds 6u fo$kjksa
0j /;ku 2hft3 UW 0fjokj );k;2kvksa ls curk gST 0jL0j dr;9; gksrs
gS T vuqKkklu gksrk gS vkSj @l fu;) 0jR0jk )sa dqL tuksa
dh 6;dk6; 3d fgr ds vkl0kl tqdj 9;#g )sa $yrh gS T @l
6;dk6; ds 0zfr gj l2L; v0uk vkR)2ku djrk gST 6[[kr
[kku2ku dh gksrh gST gj 3d @l)s aykHk ysrk gS vkSj v0uk
R;kx 2srk gST
%& vuqKkklu " ftl 0fjokj )sa cqtqx; jgrk gSU @l)sa
vuqKkklu cuk jgrk gST $kgs tSlk okrkoj.k gks U
LoL12rk dk 0zosKk ogk- ugha gks ldrkT cqtqx; +kj
)sa jgrk gS 6lls ;qodksa o c>$ksa 0j 3d fu;1?.k jgrk
gST lc cqtqx; dh Hkkoukvksa dk lR)ku djrs gq3 jgrs
gST 6lls +kj dk vuqKkklu cuk jgrk gST 3sls 0fjokj ls ]kjkc
U tqvkU jkf?dkfyu 2kors vkSj );k;2k ghu 9;ogkj dkslks
2#j jgrk gST
(& lq[k ]kkf1Rk dk okl " cqtqx; 9;fEr dk okl lq[k ]kkf1r
dh S;kj1h gST fdrus gh fook2 rks cqtqx; 9;fEr dh
@0fL:kfr ds dkj.k fcuk @yIs lqyI tkrs gS vkSj tks
fook2 vga oKk @Hkjrs Hkh gS os Hkh cqtqx; 9;fEr ds
]kk1r gLrMks0 ls lqyI tkrs gS vkSj +kj dh ckr +kj )s
jgrh gST v*<kslh 0*<kslh @ldk )tk ugha ys 0krsT 0fr
0Ruh ds lqyg ds vk/kkj gS cqtqx; T
83
,& c>>kksa ds f)? U lg;ksxh " cqtqx; 9;fEr c>$ksa dk
lcls v>Lk f)? vkSj lg;ksxh gksrk gST c>>kks ads lk:k
c>>kk cudj [ksyukU @1gs dgkuh lqukuk U@uds fy3
f[kykSus cukukU @1gs u6; u6; ckr lh[kuk cqtqx;
9;fEr dk gkf2;d vku12 gksrk gST vkt ds 6l l); )sa tc
fdlh ds 0kl )jus dks l); ugha gST cqtqx; 9;fEr HkfoF;
dh /kjksgj ds fy3 vuqHko ;qEr v)q'; l);2ku djrk gST
vkt Hkh c>>kksa ds lcls v>Ls f)? oGH gh gST c>>kks
dks Ld#y Lks*1kk vkSj ysus tkuk cqtqx; 9;fEr ds fy3
lq[k o vku12 dk dkj.k gST
/& xGgL:kh ds lg;ksxh " d>>kh xGgL:kh )sa 0fjokj dh cg#
ds 0kl 6rus dk) gksrs gS fd og vdsyh 6u dk;ks; dk
fuok;g dj gh ugha ldrh gS cgqr Lkss f2[kus okys
dk;; l); $kgrs gST gjk /kfu;k-U )S:khU 0kydU lk5
djuk 3sls gh dk;ks; ds @2kgj.k gST oGH 9;fEr +kj ds fy3
fd5k;rh lk)ku ykukU @1gs lk5 djuk vkSj 9;ofL:kr j[kus
)sa 3d vku12 vuqHko djrk gST og ;g dk;;
0zl1urk0#o;d djrk gST
4& fu;1?.k " cqtqx; 9;fEr ftl +kj 0fjokj )sa jgrk gS U ogk-
3d v2GK; fu;1?.k jgrk gST og dqL dgsU u dgs ;g fu;a?.k
dk;; djrk f2[kk6; 2srk gST [kkuk "0huk U jgu"lgu
9;ogkj okrk;yk0 gj lRca/k )sa +kj ds cqtqx; dk /;ku
j[kuk 0*<rk gST 6l fu;a?.k ds dkj.k 0fjokj lq$kP $yrk gS
vkSj 0fjokj )sa v0uRo o R;kx dh Hkkouk dk;; djrh gST
ftl 0fjokj )sa cqtqx; 9;fEr dk lR)ku ugha gksrk U
ogk- 3drk ugha gksrhT tgk- 3drk ugha gksrh ogk-
9;:k; ds y*<k6; Ix*s vkSj v09;; vk) ckr gksrh gS
vkSj @l +kj )sa yM)h Hkh fuokl ugha djrhT fg12h
yksdksfEr )sa dgk x;k gSU W o;ksoGH dk lR)ku djus ls
0k0ksa dk ukKk gksrk gST W
7& laLdkj vkSj 0jR0jk dk 0z.ksrk " g)kjh laLdGfr vkSj laLdkj
r:kk 0jR0jk dk og okgd gksrk gST 0fjokj dk og 6frgkl
vkSj Hk#xksy gksrk gST 0fjokj ds la+kFkksa; dk og
84
$K)2h2 dk xokg gS vkSj 6lfy3 HkfoF; ds fy3 og isa*
f5ykl5j o xk6* gST t);u ys[kd jk*0k[k 6lfy3 l$ dgrs
gSU oGHkoL:kk fo$kj djrh gSU ;kSou lkgl djrk gST W
cqtqx; 9;fEr ds lk:k jgus ds vusd ykHk gks ldrs gS U
ogha g)sa @ldk lR)ku djrk U @lds fu;a?.k o vuqKkklu dks
Lohdkj djuk 0*<rk gST 3slk ugha gS fd cqtqx; dsoy v1/k
foKoklh vkSj ludh gksrs gST vkt dk oGH 0zxfrKkhy vkSj
vk/kqfud Hkh gST dsoy l)I dk v1rj gS ;qok ftls vk/kqfud
dgrk gSU @ls @udk vuqHko Lohdkj ugha djrkT vuqHko dk
dks6z fod'0 ugha gST vuqHko ds vkxs Hkkoqdrk vkSj
Mkf.kd lq[k dk dks6; )gRo ugha gST 6lfy3 vk0 ;f2 3dy 0fjokj
)sa jgrs gS rks tk63 cqtqxks; dks llR)ku yk63 vksj @uds
vuqHko dk ykHk @Jk63 T ;gh vk0dk vkSj 2sKk dk lq[k gST
"""""""""""
85
oGHkoL:kk )as $kfg3 " okLrfod vk2j
@[tSu fodz)kf2R; vkSj )gkdky dh uxjh gS U0qjk.k 0zflH 6l uxjh
)sa vkt Hkh fodz) foFofo\ky; fL:kr gS T fodz) foFofo\ky; ds )kx; dks
dksJh jks*< dgrs gS T 6l dksJh jks*< 0j lqcg lqcg Hkz).k 0j
vusd ;qok"oGH vkrs gS T 6l gfj;kys )kx; 0j 3d cks*; yxk gS V
cqtqxks; dk lR)ku djks W 6ls )Sus 0X<k rks 3d /kEdk yxk T E;k
fL:kfr 6ruh fcx*< x6z; gS fd cqtqxks; ds lR)ku ds fy3 dguk 0*sT
lR)ku )kaxk rks ugha tkrkT og rks v12j ls @0trk gS T oGHkoL:kk dk
lR)ku rks vft;r fd;k gqvk gksrk gST @ls dg dj 0zkNRk ugha fd;k tkrk
T og rks v0us vk0 f)yrk gS T 6l fyf[kr l12sFk ls ;g Hkh yxrk gS
)kuksa oGHksa dk lR)ku ugha fd;k tkrk T @uds 0zfr @0sMkkoGfr /kkj.k
dh tkrh gS T 6lfy3 ;g fu2s;Fk fy[kuk 0*<k T
vk/kkj gS 6l d:ku dk " 6l d:ku dk 3d 0Edk o )tc#r vk/kkj gS T la;qEr
0fjokj 0z:kk ds Mkj.k ds ck2 oGH vkQ)ksa dk @2; gqvk vkSj 3dy 0fjokj
f2[kk6; 2sus yxs rks LoHkkfod yxus yxk fd oGHksa dh fL:kfr d)tksj
gks x6; gS vkSj @uds lR)ku ugha f)y jgk gS T 6lds ck2 ofjK
ukxfjd ds Hkko dk @2; gqvk T @1gs lR)ku f2;k tkus yxkT ;k?k )sa
rhl 0zfrFkr dh L# r:kk vk;dj )sa L# f)yh rks yxk oGHkoL:kk dks
lqfo/kk 2h tk jgh gS rkfd og lR)ku ls ft3 T ;gh os vk/kkj :ks
ft1gksus 3d vk) /kkj.kk cuk 2h fd oGHk9kL:kk ds lR)ku )sa d)h
vk6; gS vkSj @ls lR)ku f)yuk $kfg3 T
okLrfodrk " okLrfodrk 6lls @y gS T ;k?k )sa rhl 0zfrFkr dh L#
okLRko )sa ;g l#f$r djrh gS fd oGH 6l voL:kk )sa Hkh ;k?k dj jgs gS
86
T os xfrFkhy gS U@1gs oGHkoL:kk )sa lqfo/kk 2sdj @udh ;k?k lqx)
cuk6; tk3 T okLro )sa vkt LkRRkj vkSj vLlh oKk; rd ds oGH ;k?k dj
jgs gS T os vdsys ;k?k dj jgs gS T os 0#.k; LoL:k gS tcls 3dy 0fjokj
dh vo/kkj.kk 0zkjRHk gq6; gS T rc ls oGH vf/kd LoL:k U$qLr vkSj
dk;;Fkhy gks x3 gS T 6rus vf/kd xfrFkhy oGH Hkkjr ds 6frgkl )sa dHkh
ugha jgs T vk;dj dh L# Hkh ;g l12sFk 2srh gS fd oGHk9kL:kk )sa
Hkh vkt os dk;;Fkhy gS T /ku vt;u dj jgs gS vkSj @udh @0;ksfxrk gS
vrY ;g lks$uk fd oGHk9kL:kk dk l)kt )sa lR)ku ugha gS 3d Hkz) gS
T
6l Hkz) dks rks*<us ds fy3 vkad*ksa )sa Ikds T Hkkjr dh
tux.kuk (BB% )sa dsoy vkJ yk[k 3sls oGH 0k3 x3 tks fc'dqy vdsys jgrs
gS T 61gs oGHkvkQ) tkus dh vkoF;drk ugha gq6; T )Sa 3sls vusd
oGHksa dks tkurk g#- tks v0uh Lo;a dh 6>Lk ls vdsys jg jgs gS rkfd
os j$ukR)d dk;; djrs jgs T 6ldk )uks9kSZkfud dkj.k Hkh gS T 9;fEr
tgk- v0us thou dk vf/kdkaFk Hkkx 9;frr djrk gS Uogh @lds fjFrs2kj U
f)? U 0fjf$r jgrs gS T og v0uk vf1Rk) l); lq[k2 PNk ls ogh jg dj 9;rhr dj
ldrk gS T oGHkoL:kk )sa ;f2 @lds Nkq? v1;? 9;olk; ds dkj.k ;k lsokjr
gksus ds dkj.k $ys tkrs gS rks oGH dk )u ogk- ugha yxrk T yk[k 0q?
$kgs 0j 9;fEr vdsys ogh jguk $kgrk gS tgk- @ls vku12 f)ys a v0uks
ls 2#j og u6; txg 0j v0uh dks6; @0;ksfxrk ugha 2s[krk vkSj 6lfy3 og
vdsyk jguk 0l12 djrk gS T ;gh @lds LokL:k vkSj vku12 ds fy3 fgrdj
gksrk gS T
vuqHko " okLRko )sa oGHksa dk lR)ku [;ksa dk R;ksa gS T Hkkjr
)sa oGHksa dk lR)ku 0jR0jk ls $yk vk jgk gS T oGH dk lR)ku @lds
vuqHko vkSj @0;ksfxrk ds dkj.k gksrk gS T @)z ds dkj.k ugha T
lR)ku 0zkNRk djus ds fy3 @)z dks vf1r) dkj.k )kuk x;k gS T Lkss
c*s ds fu.k;; )sa R;kx Ur0L;k vkSj fo\k dk dz) gS T lcls v1r )sa
voL:kk vkrh gS vkt Hkh g) 2s[krs gS fd 6l dz) ls lR)ku cjkcj f)y jgk
gS T
87
0jsFkkuh ogk- gksrh gS tc g) dsoy v0uh oGH fL:kfr ds dkj.k
lR)ku )k-xrs gST vf/kdkaFk )k)yksa )sa oGHk9kL:kk ds udkjkR)d
fo$kjU v0us dks l); ds lk:k u c2yus dh gJ 6lds fy3 ftRRks2kj gksrh gS
T v1;:kk vHkh Hkh vf/kdkaFk 0fjokjksa )sa )krk "f0rk v0us c>$ksa
ds lk:k lk1k12 jgrs gS T css csf;k llR)ku lsok djrs gh gS T
)#[k; ULok:kh; 0q? rks l2k ls 6l /kjk /kk) 0j jgs gS ft1gksus
)krk"f0rk dk vuk2j fd;kT 3sls 0q?ksa dh dgkfu;k g)kjs 0zk$hu
xz1:kksa )sa 0k6; tkrh gS T tula[;k oGfH ds dkj.k @ldk 0z$kj 0zlkj
vf/kd gqvk gS T 0fF$)h lH;rk dh gok $y 0*<us ds dkj.k ;qok ox; Hkh
Hkzf)r gqvk gS fd1rq fL:kfr 3slh ugha gS fd g)sa dguk 0*<s fd
cqtqxks; dk lR)ku djks T vkt Hkh ;qok ox; v0us ls cqtqx; 9;fEr dk
v0uh Mk)rk vkSj fL:kfr ds vuqlkj lR)ku dj jgk gST
lk)kftd 2cko dk vHkko " vkt 3d )k;us )sa oGHksa dh fL:kfr fcx*h gS
T Hkkjr ds v0us lkaLdGfrd )#'; :ks ftl)sa lRkkt dk c*k )gRo :kk T
dks6; Hkh 3slk dGR; tks g)kjs thou )#';ksa ls )sy [kkrk gks U
vkyks$uk dk fFkdkj gksrk :kk T vkt dqL Hkh gks Ug) vk-[k )#2
ysrs gS T ;f2 fdlh oGH ds lk:k dks6; v1;k; gks rks g) $q0 cSJs tkrs
gS T vc )hf*;k us 3sls dqL )k)ys @Lkys gS ftuls 0rk $yrk gS fd
vHkh 2sFk o l)kt )sa laos2uk )jh ugha gS T ;f2 l)kt tkxGr gks Utu)r
)q[kj gks rks oGHkoL:kk ds lk:k Ls*<[kkuh gks gh ugha ldrh gS T
Fkklu dh @2klhurk " vkt 2sFk )sa ofjKJ ukxfjdksa dh la[;k 7 djks*<
dks 0kj dj x6; gS 0j kklu dk oGH tula[;k 0j /;ku gh ugha gS T oGHksa
dh lqjMkk [krjsa )sa gS T d6; kgjksa ls @udh gR;k gksus ds l)k$kj
f)yrs jgrs gS T vlk)kftd rRo oGHksa dks lqfo/kktud yM; tku dj @udh
lR0fr ds yky$ )sa v0jk/k +kfr dj jgs gS T vdsys jgus okys oGHksa dh
lqjMkk dh vkSj kklu dk dks6; /;ku ugha gS T 6lh 0zdkj vdsys jgus
okys oGHksa ds fy3 kklu us dks6; LokL:k lqfo/kk ugha 2h gS ftlls
vdsys oGH dks ch)kjh dh voL:kk )sa +kj cSJs fuYFkq'd 6ykt 0zkNRk
gks tk3 T 3sls oGH cgqr vf/kd ugha gS 0j @udh oGHk9kL:kk )as )q[;
l)L;k rks Lok:; gh gS vkSj tc os ch)kj gks tkrs gS rks vlgk; gks tkrs
88
gS T kklu dks $kfg3 fd og L:kkuh; PNk ls los; djk dj 6u oGHksa dks
LokL:k lqfo/kk 0gqa$k3 T
ofjK ukxfjdksa dks ;k?k )sa L# vkSj vk;dj lh)k )sa L# ls
dks6; foFksKk ykHk ugha gST lk)k1; ;k?k )as rks oGH ;kf?;ksa ds
fy3 lh lqjfMkr djus rd dk /;ku jsy foHkkx dks dHkh ugha vk;k T tSls
)fgyk *Cck gks ldrk gS oSls oGHksa ds fy3 dqL 0zfrFkr lh E;ks ugha
gks ldrh T os Hks* cdfj;ksa dh rjg 2cs dq$ys ;k?k ds fy3 )tc#j E;ks
gks T
okLofod vk2j " l)kt )sa oGHkoL:kk )sa L# dh d) vkoF;drk gS
@1gs vk2j dh vf/kd vkoF;drk gksrh gS T okLrfod vk2j 0zd gksrk gS
0zs) ls T 0zs) ls 0zd gksrh gS lsok T 0zs) vkSj lsok dk ogh lRc1/k gS
tks Cksz* cj dk gksrk gS T ;g l$ gS fd kklu vkSj l)kt dh vkSj ls og
okLrfod vk2j oGHkoL:kk dks vHkh 0zkNRk ugha gqvk gS T
dSLks gks okLrfod vk2j . ;g 0zFu gS 6ldk @Rrj 3d @2kgj.k 2sdj l)Ik;k
tk ldrk gS
vkLsgfy;k ds lcls c*s< kgj fl*1kh )sa lhfu;j flhtu dks 6ruk
lR)ku f2;k tkrk gS fd Lk0 ds vykok v1; fdlh txg *gk6oj dks6; lhfu;j
flhtu f2[kk6; 2srk gS rks os cl jksd 2srs gS T 6ruk gh ugha
d1*Ej uh$s @rj dj @1gs $X<kus vkSj @rjrs l); Hkh )22 djrs gS T
clksa )sa )fgykvksa vkSj cqtqxks; ds fy3 lh fjto; jgrh gS ysfdu
6lds ckot#2 fdlh lhfu;j flhtu dks lh ugha f)ys rks yksx fcuk dgs
v0uh lh 0j @1gs cSJus ds fy3 dgrs gS T
g)kjs 2sFk )sa Hkh ;g lR)ku gS 0j 3d fu;) ;k l2k$kj ds PNk )sa
ugha gS T dqL yksx 3slk djrs gS ysfdu ;f2 dks6; kgj Jku ys rks
og 3d )gku kgj cu dj ;g dj f2[kk ldrk gS 6lds fy3 fdlh vk2sFk dh
vkoF;drk ugha gS T $kfg3 cl 3d lgt 0zs) tks vk2j ds PNk )sa f2[kk6; 2s
T g)kjh laLdGfr )sa ;g fu;) gS fd oGHtu ds vkus 0j g) @uds fy3 [k*s
gks @1gs txg 2sus )k? dk R;kx djuk gS T
89
dks6; 2sFk Ul)kt ;k uxj v0us ukxfjdksa ds 9;ogkj ls 0g$kuk tkrk
gS T )sjk 2sFk )gku rHkh gksxk tc g)kjs ukxfjd )gku gksxsU 6lds fy3
c2yko rks $kfg3 uk T
"""""""""""""""
vius gk!k esa >kM# m$kus dk d%& d'ft
v)sfjdk )sa jkKg0fr ds $quko c*<s tksj kksj ls gksrs gS tc
vk6tu gksoj v)sfjdk ds jkKg0fr cus rks 3d ukxfjd us @1gs c/kk6;
l12sFk ds lk:k 3d Ik*# Hkh Hkst f2;k :kk T ukxfjd us fy[kk :kk fd
vk0dh fot; ;k?k ds lk:k vk0dksa ;gk- ogk- x12xh f)ysxh T ;g
Ik*# 0zfrdkR)d Hkst jgk g-# T dGNk;k 6ls ;k2 jf[k3 vkSj x12xh dks
lk5 dhft3 T vk6tu gksoj )gks2; us rc 6l c/kk6; l12sFk dks lo;QsKJ
crkrs gq3 dgk :kk fd Ik*# dk Lo>Lrk ds fy3 )gRo gS vkSj )Sa 6ls
L)j.k j[k#xk T
y(e' dk i)r'd " g)kjh laLdGfr )sa Ik*# yM)h dk 0zrhd gS T +kj dh
l5k6; dk v:k; gS x12xh dh +kj ds ckgj fudkyuk T g)kjs fuokl ds
0;k;oj.k )sa lq/kkj T ;f2 g)kjs fuokl 0j x12xh gksxh rks f5j ch)kfj;ksa
ds vkdz).k gksxs T 2fj2zrk vk3xh T Lo>Lrk ds okrkoj.k )sa yM)h dk
90
vkx)u gksrk gS T yM)h dh 0zLk1urk ds fy3 Ik*# cqgkjuk Hkh 3d
vkoF;d dk;; gST Ik*# 0fo?rk dks vk)a?.k 2sus dk 3d @0dj.k gST
)qIs L)j.k gS c$0u )sa dHkh Hk#yoFk Ik*# dks 0Sj yx tkrk
:kk rks )k- *krh :kh Ik*# dks L# dj Mk)k )kxksa T g) Mk)k
)kaxrs :ks )kuks Ik*# )as 0zk.k gks T tks Hkh gks +kj dh l5k6;
)asa Ik*# dk )gRo l2k ls jgk gST vkt Hkh gSU vkt Hkh g) 0zfrf2u
Ik*# 0ksaL dks )gRo 2srs gS T
*e dk i)r'd gS >kM# " Ik*# okLro )sa tgk- yM)h dks vk)1?.k
2sus dk @0dj.k gS Uogha ;g Q) dk 0zrhd Hkh gS T ;g v0us gk:kksa ls
v0us fuokl dks Lo>L cukus ds fy3 vkoF;d PNk ls Q)2ku djuk gS T 6lls +
kj )sa 0fo?rk vkrh gS T vktdy 0fjokjksa )sa lc vR;kf/kd 9;Lr gS T
fdlh ds 0kl l); ugha gS fd Ik*# 0ksLk djsa T f5j vktdy ;f2 l); g)kjs
0kl gks Hkh rc Hkh g) 6l dk;; dks ghu l)I dj fdlh v1; ls djkuk $kgrs
gSa T ;g Hkh 3d Lsl flRcy cu x;k gST tgk- dk)okyh ck6; dk)
ugha djrh Uog-k Hkh 0qPKk ;g dk;; ugha djrs T ;g dk;; )fgykvkas ls
fy;k tkrk gS )fgyk3a ;g dk;; Hkyh 0zdkj lR01u djrh gST
*e dks gs; le>us ds ifj.kke " Q) dks gs; l)Ius ds c*<s xRHkhj 0fj.kk)
gks jgs gST E;k dHkh vk0us v0us +kj dk Ik*# 0ksLk fd;k gS . ;f2
gk- rks fo$kj dhft3 fdruk l); yxk T vc rqyuk dhft3 v0us +kj dh
dk)okyh ck6; ds Okjk l5k6; dk;; )sa yxk3 x3 l); ls T vk0 0k3xs fd vk0
rks vR;f/kd l); yxkrs gS fd1Rkq dk) okyh ck6; 5k5 dk) fu0kdj
$yh tkrh gS T @ls vkSj Hkh +kjksa )sa dk) djuk gS T og @ruk l); 2s
gh ugha ldrh T f5j vk0 l5k6; dk;; )sa fdruk :kdrs gST ;f2 og @ruh
:kdku )ksy ys ys rks f5j dk) dSls $ys T ftu 0fjokjksa )sa +kj dh
)fgyk3a l5k6; dk;; djrh gS os tkurh gS fd ;g dk;; fdruk Q) lk/; vkSj
l); $kgrk gSa T ;g dk;; 0fo?rk dk l#$d gS 6lfy3 6ls vR;1r )gRo0#.k;
)kuuk $kfg3T
i+,%k ox- ys gk!k eas >kM# " 0fjokj )sa ;g dk;; 0qPKk ugha djrs T
5yLoPNk @1gs Lo;a @udh oLrqvksa dk gh /;ku ugha jgrk fd os dgk-
j[kh gS T os v0us )gRo0#.k; dkxtkr U$kch vkf2 ;gk- ogk- j[kdj
91
Hk#y tkrs gS T os 9;LRk ft12xh )as v0us dNk*<ksa rd dk /;ku ugha
j[k 0krs T ;f2 0Ruh /;ku u 2s rks @1gs 0rk gh ugha gks fd @uds 0kl
fdruh 0ksKkkd gS T 6l
vkSj /;ku @1gs gh 2suk $kfg3 T
6lh ds lk:k vkoF;d 0? 9;ogkj U$sdcqd Ufctyh U0kuh ds fcy vkf2
dk j[kj[kko Hkh vkoF;d gS T vktdy kkldh; vFkkldh; dk;ks; dk gh
6ruk vf/kd dk;; gksrk gS fd 5k6y cukdj j[kuk 0*<rh gS T d6; ckj
vkoF;d )gRo0#.k; dkxtkr ugha f)yrs vkSj ruko cX<rk gS T
f$*f$*kg gksrh gS vkSj fcuk dkj.k )uks)kf'k1; cX< tkrk gS T 3slk
6lfy3 gksrk gS fd g) Ik*# gk:k )sa ugha ysrs T ;f2 g) lNrkg U2ks
lNrkg )sa Ik*# gk:k )sa ys v0uh vy)kjh lk5 djsxs rks g)sa rRdky
0rk $y tk3xk fd dkSu lh $ht dgk- gS T 9;:k; ds dkxtkr uK fd3 tk
ldrs gS T 6lls f5j ruko dk dkj.k ugha jgsxk T
0zR;sd 0qPKk vkSj )fgyk dks ;s dk;; Lo;a djuk 0*s<xk E;ksfd
dks6; 2#ljk ;g ugha tkurk fd vk0ds dkSu ls dkxtkr UoLrq )gRo0#.k;
gST @udk @0;ksx dc djuk gS fdl dkxt dk @Rrj fy[kuk gS vkSj dkSu
lk 9;:k; gS ftls uK djuk gS T ;f2 ;s dk;; Ik*# gk:k )sa ysdj g)
djsxs rks cgqr d) l); )sa lR011k gks tk3xk vkSj g) ruko o
f$*f$*<kg ls Hkh c$ tk3xsa 3sls gh )ghuksa /;ku u 2sus ds dkj.k
g)kjh 0qLrdksa vkSj tPjh dkxtkrksa 0j /k#y $X< tkrh gS T $#gs
@1gs dqrj tkrs gS T dh*s )dks*ksa ds fy3 og lqjfMkr L:kku cu tkrk
gS T ;f2 g) dHkh dHkh gk:k )sa Ik*# ysdj l5k6; dk;; djsxs rks ;g
fL:kfr ugha cusxh T g) l); l); 0j @1gs /k#0 Hkh 2s ldsxsT
*e dks .s eg/o " 3slk ugha gS fd g)kjs 0kl l); ugha gS 0j vktdy g) Q)
ds dk;ks; dks d) )gRo 2sus yxs gS T Lsl flRcy dk 0zFu cuus yxk
gS T g) h&oh&2s[kus vkSj 9;:k; dh $$k; djus )sa v0uk oEr cck;2
djsxs 0j Ik*# gk:k )sa ysus dk fo$kj gh ugha djsxs T ;k2 jf[k3
Lok)h foosdku12 vkSj )gkR)k xka/kh 3slk ugha lks$rs :ks T os v0uk
dk) Lo;a djrs :ksa T os Q) dks 0#tk l)Irs :ks 6lfy3 os )gku gS vkSj
vkt Hkh g)kjs fy3 0szjd cus gq3 gS T g) vkyL; )sa l); xok 2sxs 0j
92
Ik*# dks gk:k yxkuk 0l12 ugha djsxs T Ik*# 0zrhd gS 0fo?rk dk U
Q) dk U0;k;oj.k dk T ;f2 g) Ik*# dh vkSj /;ku ughsa 2sxs rks thou
dk )gRo0#.k; fo$kj [kks 2sxs T 6ruk gh ugha g) v0us c>$ksa dks
Hkh 3d xyr l12sFk 2sxs T c>>ksa vkt Q) ds dk)ksa ls th $qjkdj
)ksk0s dh vkSj cX< jgs gS T @1gs thou ds 0zkjfRHkd oKkks;
)sa ;g l)I )sa vkuk $kfg3 fd dks6; Hkh dk;; Lksk ugha gksxk T
gj dk;; dk v0uk )gRo gksrk gS vkSj ;f2 g) Q) ls th $qjk3xs rks @lds
2#jxk)h 0fj.kk) gksxs T @u 0fj.kk)ks adks g)sa gh Hkqxruk 0*sxk T
*e lk0; il'us dk e#1; " 6l Q) dk vR;f/kd )#'; gS T jkKgf0rk )gkR)k
xka/kh rks 6ls l)kt lsok dgrs gS T os dgrs gS V fo$kj 0#o;d fd;k
gqvk Q) @>>k ls @>$ 0zdkj dh l)kt lsok gS T WlkfgR;dkj v)Gryky ukxj
dgrs gSa VQ) lk/; 0lhuk )ksrh dh c#-2 curk gSW Q) ds fcuk dks6;
2sFkU l)ktU tkfr 0zxfr ugha dj ldrhT LoL:k ugha jg ldrhT 0lhuk g)kjs
yM; dks 0d*<usU kkf1r 0kus ds fy3 3d )k? vkSKk/kh gST 6lfy3
v)sfjdh fFkMkd r:kk usrk cqdj h& okfFkaxu l$ dgrs gS Vdks6; tkfr
Hkh rc rd 0zxfr ughs dj ldrh tc rd ;g u lh[k ys fd [ksr tksruk dfork
fy[kus ds l)ku gh lR)ku dh ckr gST
6lfy3 Q) dh c#-a2 cgkus dk 0zkajHk v0us \j dks Ik*# ls l5k6;
dj dhft3T ;g l5k6; dk;;dz) lNrkg )sa 3d ckj voF; $yk63T ;g 0fjokj ds
fy3 rks 3d la2sFk gksxk ghU vk0dh lq[k kkf1r dk Hkh 0z:k) $j.k
gksxkT
"""""""""""
93
vki vius vki ls D;k dgrs gS
lk)k1;rk g) ;g l)Irs gS fd g) ckr$hr )sa 3d 2#ljs ls
dqL u dqL dgrs gSaT v0us vk0 ls dqL dgus dk 0zKu gh gS
ysfdu l$ )kfu3 2#ljs tks dqL dgrs gS vkSj g) @ldks lqurs
gSU @ldk dks6; )gRo ugha gST okLro )sa tks g) v0us vk0 ls
dgrs gSU lqursU 0X<rsU cksyrs gSU @ldk 0zHkko g)kjs )u 0j
0*<rk gST g)kjk )u 6u fo$kjksaU r:;ksa 0j fo$kj djrk gS vkSj
@lds ck2 g) fu.k;; ysrs gST ;s fu.k;P g)kjs )kus tkrs gS
vkSj 6u fu.k;;ksa dk 0zHkko g)kjs thou 0j 0*<rk gST g) tks
dqL djrs gS os g)kjs fo$kjksa ds vuqPNk gksrk gST g)kjs
fo$kj )u ds Okjk r; gksrs gS vrY g)kjk )u gh g)sa dk;ks;
ds fy;s 0zsfjr ;k fuPRlkfgr djrk gST
@2kgj.k ds fy3 tc g) fdlh $X<k6; 0j tkus dh rS;kjh djrs
gS ;k dks6; Hkh dk) 0zkjRHk djus dk fuK$; djrs gS rks g)kjk
)u ;f2 dg 2s fd ;g dk;; dSls gksxk . ;k dg 2s fd ;g dk;; rks
gh ugha ldrk rks vk0 )kfu3 og dk;; gksxk gh ughaT vk/ks
v/k#js )u ls dk;; dHkh l5'k ugha gksrsT )ku yhft3 )u dgrk
gS fd ;g dk;; voK; gksxkU rc 3d 2GX<rk lh vk tkrh gST g) @l
dk;; )sa ru )u ls yx tkrs gS vkSj dk;; $kgs tSlk gks g)
@l)sa l5yrk 0zkNr dj ysrs gST ;f2 g) fdlh dkj.kksa ls l5yrk u
94
Hkh 0zkNr dj ldsa rks Hkh fujkKk ugha gksrsT 6lfy3 dgrs gSU
W )u ds gkjs gkj gSU )u ds thrs thr W Hkxoku dGF.k Hkxor
xhrk ds 7b4 )sa dgrs gS W ftlus )u dks thr fy;kU @lds
fy;s )u lo;QsFJ f)? gS fd1rq tks 3slk u dj 0k;k @lds fy3 )u
lcls c*<k ]k?q HkhT )u dks c*<k $$ay dgk x;k gST ;g
f2u Hkj gtkjksa rjg dh ckr lks$rk U d'0uk djrkU Hkdrk jgrk
gST 6ldh f)?rk dSlh . ;g )u dSls g)kjk f)? cu d';k.k dj ldrk
gST
Hkxo2D xhrk )sa Hkxoku dGF.k )u dh $a$yrk dks
Lohdkj dj 6ls vH;kl vkSj oSjkS; Hkkouk ls fu;a?.k )sa j[kus
dk lqIko 2srs gST )u g)kjh @tk; gSU ]kfEr gSU 6ls fu;1?.k
)sa j[kuk gSU )u )js ughaU )u d)tksj u gksU )u dks )u ls gh
fu;a?.k )sa ykuk gST )u ls gh )u dks fu;a?.k )sa ykus dks
gh g) v0us vk0 ls dqL dguk Ulquuk dg ldrs gST )u dks tc g)
l)Ik 2sU v0uk yM; crk 2s rks og yM; 0#fr; )sa tq tkrk gS T
)u dk 0zHkko " vk0 )u dks ftl dk;; )sa yxk 2srs gSU )u f5j
0qjh 2GX<rk ls @l)sa jl ysus yxrk gST 0zfrMk.k og @lh foFk;
)sa vdk jg ldrk gST $kfg3 vk0dk 3d @2D2sK; U 3d yM;T tc )u
@l yM; 0#fr; )sa yxrk gS og @lh ds fy3 d'0uk3a djrk gST
vojks/kksa dks gkus vkSj l)k/kkuksa dks [kkstus )sa r1);
gks tkrk gST ;gk- rd dh g)kjs LoNu Hkh f5j @l yM; ds vuqP0
vkus yxrs gST vusd 0zfrHkkKkkyh 9;fEr;ksa dh oSZkfud
l)L;kvksa dk gy LoNu )sa gh @1gs f)yk gST ;f2 vk0dk )u
fdlh foFk; )sa @yI x;k gS rks f5j og l)L;k lq'kI dj gh
jgsxhT vc ;g g) 0j gS fd g) @ls fdu dk)ksa )sa yxus ds fy3
0zsfjr djrs gST )u 3d fo$kj 2srk gSU fo$kj lcls ]kfErKkkyh
dkjd gS tks g)sa d); dh vksj 0zsfjr djrk gST g)kjs d);
fo$kjksa ds vuqP0 gh gksrs gST
)u d'0oGMk gS " g)kjs )u dks g) d'0oG<Mk dg ldrs gST
d'0oGMk ls tks )k-xksa og f)yrk gST d'0oGMk g)kjh
)uksdk)ukvksa dks 0#.k; djrk gSa 3d d:kk gS "3d 9;fEr
taxy )sa 3d oGMk ds uh$s cSJkT @ls N;kl yx jgh :khU @lus
lks$k fdruk v>Lk gks fd ]khry ty f)y tk3U @lus lks$k vkSj
]khry ty dh lqjkgh @lds lk)us :khT @lus vkua2 ls ty xzg.k
fd;kU lks$k ;f2 3sls gh Lokf2F Hkkstu 0zkNr gks rks vkua2 gh
vkua2 gST lks$rs gh Lokf2F Hkkstu dh :kkyh vk x6;T
95
@lus Lokf2F Hkkstu fd;k vkSj lks$k 3d fcLrj f)y tk3 rks og
)ts ls uha2 ys ldsT rRdky 3d fcLrj yx x;kU og 9;fEr fcLrj 0j
foQk) dj lks$us yxk ;g lc dSls gks jgk gST voK; gh oGMk 0j
Hk#r gS og Hk#r )sjh tku Hkh ys ysxkT ;g udkjkR)d fo$kj
vkrs gh Hk#r vk3 vkSj og )kjk x;kT og d'0oGMk :kkT g)kjk
)u d'0oGMk gS tc g) cqjs fo$kj djrs gSU udkjkR)d Xax ls
lks$ ysrs gS rks 0fj.kk) )sa 2qY[k U 22;U fujkKkk U grkKkkU
vl5yrkU xjhchU yk$kjh vk3xh gh ysfdu ;f2 g) ldkjkR)d lks$
djrs gS rks ;gh )u g)kjs fy3 )kx; [kkstrk gS ULoNu cqurk
gST os29;klth )gkHkkjr ds L?h 0o; 8&(( )sa dgrs gSU
W 0jk_) U/kuU f)? vkSj lqg2 Hkh 2qY[k ls Lqdkjk ugha
f2yk ldrs ftl 0zdkj 2GX<rk0#o;d la;) ls jgus okyk v0uk )u
f2yk ldrk gSaT os )gkHkkjr ds ]kf1r 0o; %A,b%= )sa
dgrs gS W rh:kks; )sa QsFJ rh:k; f2; gST 0fo? oLrqvksa
)sa vfr 0fo? Hkh foKkqH f2; gSW ;g fdrus vkua2 vkSj vkK$;;
dk foFk; gS fd g) ftl Mk.k v0us vk0dks ldkjkR)d lks$ dk
la2sKk 2srs gSU @lh Mk.k )u c2y tkrk gST u3 Xax ls dk)
djus yxrk gS T
0zfr/ofu gS )u " )u 0zfr/ofu @R01u djrk gST 3d ckyd taxy
)sa x;kU og cksyk " WW dSls gks . vkokt vk6; WdSls gks .W
@ls yxk dks6; @ldh udy @rkj jgk gST @lus xqLls ls dgk "
Wrq) x/ks gks W @ls f5j xqLlk vk jgk :kk fd @lds f0rk us
dgk UWcksyks U rq) $SR0h;u gks W ckyd us tksj ls vkokt 2h
vkSj tokc f)yk WW rq) $SR0h;u gks WW g)kjk )u g)kjs d)ks;
dh 0zfr/ofu gSa )gku HkfEr rqdkjk) 6lfy3 dgrs gS WW v>Ls
cqjs f$RRk dk lkMkh r# Lo;a gSWW g)kjk )u tks dgrk gSU g)
ogh gksrs gST
v0us vk0 ls dSls dgs " vc l)L;k ;g gS fd g) v0us vk0 ls dSls
dgs . ;g l)L;k 6lfy3 yxrh gS fd g) v0us vk0 dk 2Kk;u ugha
djrsT oLrqrY g) v0us vk0 ls 0zfrf2uU 0zfrMk.k dqL u dqL dgrs
jgrs gST tc g) fujkKkU grkKkU 2qY[kh vkSj vl5'k gksrs gS
rks dks6; 2#ljk g)sa 6l 0fjfL:kfr )sa ykus dk ftR)s2kj ugha
gksrkT g)us v0us vk0 )sa ghu Hkkouk Hkj yh gksrh gST
dks6; 2#ljk vk0dh 6>Lk ds foPH u rks vk0dks gjk ldrk gSU u
xqyk) cuk ldrk gSU u 2qY[kh dj ldrk gST okLro )sa g)
0fjfL:kfr;ksa )sa v0us vk0dks 6l d2j td*< ysrs gS fd @udk
lk)uk djus dk )u gh ugha jgrkT g) 0jkLRk )ku ysrs gS vkSj
96
f5j tks +kfr gksrk gSU og rks gksxk ghT 3sls gh tc vk0
@Rlkg ls @)ax ls U0zl1urk ls Hkjs gksrs gS rks t)kuk vk0ds
lk:k xhr xkus dks rR0j gksrk gSU rc fdlh dks 6lds fy3
fu)1?.k ugha 2suk gksrk T
Hkxo2D xhrk )sa Hkxoku QhdGF.k 6lfy3 v/;k; ,b%8 )sa
dgrs gS WW fd1rq tks 9;fEr vkR)k )sa gh vkua2 ysrk gS
r:kk ftldk thou vkR) lkMkkRdkj ;qEr gS vkSj tks v0us )sa gh
0#.k;r;k l1rqF jgrk gSU @lds fy3 dqL Hkh dfJu ugha gST
dSls dgs )u ls " g)sa v0us vk0 ls dqL dguk 0kxy0u yxrk gS
ysfdu oLrqrY g) v0us vk0 ls 0zfrf2uU 0zfrMk.k dqL dgrs gSU
lks$rs gSU fo$kjrs gST Lok)h jk)lq[k2klth dgrs gS fd oSlk
gh gS tSls xaxkty ls xaxk dh 0#tk dh tk3 v:kok v0us
gk:kksa v0uk )q[k /kks;k tk3T
l1r rqdkjk) th dgk gS " tsfo fgjfu fgjk f$fjts
rsck )usf$ )u /kfjts T
v:kk;rD tSls ghjs ls ghjk $hjk tkrk gSU oSls gh )u dks )u ls
/kjuk gST g)kjk )u g)kjk f)? cus 6lds fy3 lko/kkuh 0#o;d
foosd dk @0;ksx 0zfrMk.k /;ku0#o;d djuk gST g) @ls
udkjkR)d fo$kjksa ls Hkdus u 2sT vlk)kftd u gksus 2s
6lds fy3 lko/kkuh vkoK;d gST tSls gh og Hkds v0us 6;F
Hkxoku dk /;ku dj yxk) dlsT v0uh v1r;jkR)k dh vkokt lquks
vk0dks l2k vkua2 )kx; f)ysxkT )u 3d Mk.k )sa c2yrk gSU @l
ls 0zfrMk.k ckr djuk gh g)kjs fgr )sa gST
"""""""""""""
97
*k;jh dk 3d 01uk
vdkj.k dqL rks dhft3
E;k vkt ds 6l l); )sa dks6; fcuk dkj.k g-l ldrk gS . ugha uk U
vxj dks6; fcuk dkj.k g-ls rks @ls 0kxy l)Ik tk3xk T fcuk dkj.k vkt
dks6; Hkh dk;; ugha gks ldrk T vk0 fcuk dkj.k u uk$ ldrs gS Uuk xk
98
ldrs gS T fcuk dkj.k @Rlo )ukus dk Hkh dks6; dkj.k ugha gS T rc
fcuk dkj.k jksus dk rks dks6; dkj.k gh ugah gS T jksus ds fy3 rks
g)kjs 0kl oSls gh cgqr dkj.k gS 6lfy3 jksrs jgus ds fy3 g) 0zflH gS T
3d dk) voF; gS tks g) fcuk dkj.k dj ldrs gS T og dk) gS fcuk dkj.k
Hkkstu djus dk T g)sa Hk#[k u gks rc Hkh g) dqL u dqL [kk ldrs
gST v)sfjdk )sa gq6; fjl$; ds vuqlkj /7 0zfrFkr ;qokvksa dks [kkus
dh dks6; Nykfuax gh ugha gksrh T @1gs fdlh Hkh l); dqL Hkh [kk
ysus dh vk2r gksrh gS T [kkus ds fy3 l); fu;r gS f5j Hkh g) jkr f2u tc
6>Lk gks dqL u dqL [kkrs jgrs gS T dqL u dqL [kkrs jgus ls gh
)ksk0k cX<rk tk jgk gS ysfdu E;k g) fcuk dkj.k fdlh dks Hkkstu dk
vk)a?.k Hkh 2s ldrs gS . ;f2 g) fcuk dkj.k fdlh dks vk)a?.k 2s rks
E;k gksxk. dSLks dSls 0zFu @Jsxs . E;k vuqHko gksxk " dG0;k fo$kj
dhft3 T
3d vk;kstu " @Js loky "vHkh )Sa 612kSj x;k rks 3d 3slk vk;kstu
djus dk fo$kj vk;kT lks$k tks v0us gS U@1gs Hkkstu 0j vk)af?r fd;k
tk3 T 3d kk) @uds lk:k xqtkjh tk3 U6l cgkus f)yuk tqyuk gks tk3xk T
)Sus v0us 3d $$sjs Hkk6; dks 5ksu fd;k T dgk V E;k vk0 5qLk;r )sa
gS . W os cksys V gk-aU fc'dqy 5ql;r )sa g#- W )Sus dgk V rks
vkt kk) vk0 vk63 l0fjokj )sjs lk:k Hkkstu yhft3 W os dqL v$d$k x3 T
cksys V vkt E;k gS . fdl dkj.k vk0 Hkkstu 0j cqyk jgs gS T E;k dks6;
foFksKk dkj.k gS UoKk;xkaJ gS . W )Sus dgk V ugha Hkk6; dks6;
dkj.k ugha gS oSls gh cSJsxsU lk:k [kk3xs lk/kkj.k [kkuk T 6lds fy3
dks6; dkj.k gksuk E;ks vkoF;d gS T vk0 rks vk63 g) lc lk:k cSJdj
Hkkstu djsxs W ckr [kR) gks x6; T
)Sus vkSj v0us dqL 0fjtuksa dks 5ksu fd3 T @1gs Hkh Hkkstu 0j
cqyk;k T lcus ;gh 0zFu fd;k T 3d l[tu rks 5ksu lqudj foFokl gh ugha dj
0k jgs :ks T @1gksus )qIls rks dqL ugha fd;k 0j )sjs 3d fjFrs2kj dks
5ksu dj 0#Lk fd )Ss )tkd rks ugha dj jgk g-# T u gksyh vk6; gS U
u 3d v0zSy U)tkd dSlk . @1gksus xRHkhjrk ls 0#Lk V f5j ;g Hkkstu
dSlk.
99
3d usrkth :ks LoHkko ls Hkkstu dk fu)a?.k @1gksus g-lrs gq3
Lohdkj fd;k f5j c*<h xRHkhjrk ls 0#Lk V Hkkstu )s fdl fdl dks
cqyk;k gS . os tkuuk $kgrs :ks fd 3slk dkSu vkg#r gS ftlls )Sa v0uk
Lok:k; lk/k jgk g#- T )Sus @1gs uk) crk f23 T @1gs dqL l)I )sa
ugha vk;k T vk2r ds vuqlkj g-lrs gq3 @1gksus )qIls 0#Lk V vkf[kj
6l Hkkst dk fofFkK vfrf:k dkSu gS . )Sus @1gs )qEr gkL; )sa tokc
f2;k V vk0ds gksrs gq3 v1; dks6; )q[; vfrf:k dSls gks ldrk gS T vk0
gh )q[; vfrf:k gS cl 3d dk) djuk vkrs l); [kq2 0guus ds fy3 0k-$ "lkr
0qKNk )kyk3a ysrs vkuk T vktdy ;gh fjokt gS W os cksys V vk0 l$ dgrs
gS Uv0uks ls E;k fL0kuk W
)sjs lkys dks cqykvks " 3d l[tu )sjs vfHk1u f)? dgs tkrs :ks )Ssus
Hkh 6l fjFrs ls dHkh 61dkj ugha fd;k T 5ksu lqudj 0zl1u gks x3 T
cksys )Sa l0fjokj vk0ds fuokl L:kku 0j @0fL:kr gkscxk T vk0 f$1rk u
djs U f5j cksys V vk0 3slk djuk )sjs lkys dks Hkh l0fjokj cqyk ysuk U
v>Lk jgsxk W )S 0jsFkku gqvk T 6l 0fjfL:kfr dk rks )Sus vuq)ku gh
ugha fd;k :kk f5j Hkh fou)z Hkko ls dgk V )sjh l#$h )as @udk uk)
rks ugha gS f5j Hkh )Sa vk0ds 0zLrko 0j fo$kj dP-axk W @1gs )sjs 6l
@Rrj dh vkFkk ugha :kh T @udk f2y [kDk gks x;k U 3slk yxk T
cksys V Jhd gS Jhd gS vk0 fo$kj dhft3 TW
)Sus @uds lkys lkgc dks ;k2 ugha fd;k T @1gs la/;k dks 0qu
Y ;k2 f2yk;k T os cksys V 0fjokj rks v1;? 9;Lr gS U)Sa voF; vk jgk
g#- W 0j os ugha vk3 T @1gs cqjk gh ugha yxk U kk;2 cgqr cqjk yxk
T )Sus 0quY 5ksu fd;k rks @udh cg# us 5ksu @Jk;k vkSj dgk " os
cgqr ch)kj gks x3 gS T vkus dh fL:kfr )sa ugha gS TW
kk) dh 2kor dk )qEr okrk; vkSj gkL; jl ds lk:k 0zkjRHk gqvk T
)qIs 0zl1urk gS fd usrkth )sjs )tkd dks l)I x3 T 0qKNk gkj ysdj ugha
vk3 T lcdks l)I )sa vk x;k fd cuk dkj.k Hkh f)ytqydj Hkkstu fd;k tk
ldrk gS T vku12 6lh )sa gS v0uRo 6lh )sa gST
Lhad vkuk gh gS " fcuk dkj.k vk0 dqL Hkh dhft3 fdlh u fdlh dks
fLad vkuk gh gS vc vk0 d'0uk dhft3 fd Hkkstu tSls vk)a?.k )sa
100
E;k ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd 6ls Hkh cqyk yks U @ls Hkh cqyk yks T 3sls
vk)a?.k )sa os gh cqyk3 tk ldrs gS ftuls fuladks$ okrk; o vku12 dk
v2ku 0z2ku fd;k tk lds T ftuls v0uRo gks U0zs) gks T fcuk dkj.k
cqykok f2[kkok ugha gS T @l)sa 0zHkko 0z2fFk;r djus dk volj
[kkstuk uk2kuh gS ysfdu g)kjh )kufldrk 3slh cu jgh gS fd g) fcuk
kr; dqL dj gh ugha ldrs T g)sa fdlh u fdlh dkj.k Lhdus dh vk2r gS
T vc vk0 fo$kj dhft3 T 6l 3d vk;kstu ls )sjs vfHk1u dgs tkus okys
f)? PJ x3 T f)? cukuk fdruk Q)lk/; dk;; gS T vusd oKk; yxrs gS f)?
cukus )s T f)?rk 3d Mk.k )sa # tkrh gS rks cqjk yxrk gS 0j 3slh
f)?rk dk # tkuk gh Hkyk gS tks krks; 0j vk/kkfjr gks T
6l vuqHko dk vku12 yhft3 T $kgs rks 3slk dks6; vk;kstu dj vk0
Hkh vku12 dk vuqHko dhft3 T
"""""""""""
v0us vk0 0j g-fl3" g-lus dk vku12 yhft3
0zk.kh txr )sa )uqK; gh g-al ldrk gS T g-luk @lds
fy3 3d LoHkkfod fdz;k gS T g-lus ls @lds LokL:k 0j v>Lk
0zHkko 0*<rk gS T g-luk 3d 2ok gS tks rukoU 0jsFkkuh vkSj
2qY[k dks l)kNr dj 2srh gS vkSj 9;fEr dks u6; rktxh 2srh
gS T vkt ds xykdk 0zfr;ksfxrk ds ;qx )sa g-lus ds fy3 Hkh
yksxks ds 0kl l); ugha gS 6lfy3 ckx cfx$ksa )sa 0zkrY dkfyu
csyk )s g-lh ds 59okjs $ykrs yk`j Eyc 0zkjRHk gks x3 gS
T ;f2 g-lh xk;c gks tk3 rks rukoxzLr )uqK;ksa ds 0kl
vkR)gR;k ds vfrfjEr dks6; jkLrk gh ugha c$s T 6lhfy3 vkt
vkR)gR;k djus okyks dh la[;k yxkrkj cX< jgh gST tSlh Hkh
0fjfL:kfr gks g-lus ds fy3 l); fudkyuk vkt 3d vkoF;drk cu x6;
gST v)sfjdk ds 0#o; jkKg0fr vczkfg) fyadu us 6lfy3 l$ gh
dgk gS V 6ruk Hka;dj ruko jkr f2u )qI 0j gS fd ;f2 )Sa u
g-l# rks )j tkc-xk W
101
l2k' g3ls gS 4l .+fu;k esa " 6l 2qfu;k )sa g-lh us thou ds
0zkjRHk ls v0uk L:kku cuk fy;k gS T 0zk$hu dky ds jktk g-lh
ds 59okjs dss PNk )sa fo2#Kkd dks l2k lk:k j[krs :ks T
fo2#Kkd dk v:k; gh tksdjU udy$h U )l[kjk U Hkk-a* vkSj
gkL; 0k? l)Ik tk ldrk gS T og fdlh u fdlh PNk )sa gkL; 0S2k
djrk :kk T 6l 0zdkj 0zkjRHk ls gh gkL; dh @0;ksfxrk Lohdkj
dh x6; gS T g)kjs ftrus Hkh )gk0qPKk gq3 gS lc)sa gkL;
cks/k jgk T @uds g-lus ds fujkys v12kt o dkj.kksa ds fdLls
cgq 0z$fyr gS T Lok)h foosdku12 U )gkR)k xk-/kh U
joh12zuk:k Sxksj tSLks l1r jktusrk vkSj lkfgR;dkj gkL; dks
thou dk vfuok;; vax ds PNk )as Lohdkj dj $qds gS T
g3lus ds v!k- dks le>s 5 g)sa g-luk voF; $kfg3 ysfdu
g-lus ds 0gys 6lds v:k; dks l)Is T fcuk v:k; l)Is g-luk
[krjukd Hkh gks ldrk gS T g-lus dk 3d v:k; gS @'ykl 0zd
djuk U 0zhfr 0S2k djuk U v0uh 0qydu 9;Er djuk U fdlh dks
fjIkuk U 0kuk Ufdydkjh )kjuk U xq2xq2h @R01u djuk U
vDgkl djuk vkSj )qLdjkuk T ;g lc fd1gh dkj.kksa ls Hkh
gks ldrk gS vkSj fcuk dkj.k Hkh gks ldrk gS tSLks fFkFkq dh
fu2ks;Kk g-lh lcdks )Lrh fc[ksjrh gS U oSLkh g-Lkh g)kjs
dKksa dk gj.k djrh gS T
g-lus dk 3d v:k; vkSj gS tks [krjukd gS U Ix*s dh
t*< gS T tc g) fdlh dh f[k'yh @*<krs gS U Lhkdlh djrs
gS U dkMk djrs gS rks g)kjk yM; fdlh dks $ks 0gq-$k dj
g-luk gksrk gS T 6ls g-lh @*<kuk gh dgrs gS T g-Lkh
dk ;g PNk LokL:k 02 ugha gS g-lh ds 6lh PNk dh foOkuksa us
fu12k dh gS T vaxszt ukddkj fofy;) dkuxzho us fy[kk gSU
V )uqK; ds fy3 g-Lkus ls vf/kd vFkksHku dqL ugh gS TW
0zk$khu xz1:k l#? dGrkax )as dgk x;k gSU V );k;2k ls
vf/kd ugha g-luk $kfg3 TW
;s foOku g-lh ds foPH ugha gS 0j g-lh ds 9;aS; vkSj
dkMk PNk ds foPH gST
fdl ij g3"ks " vc 0zFu ;g gS fd ;f2 g-luk gS rks fdl 0j g-ls T
g-lusa ds fy3 @f$r dkj.k gksuk $kfg3 U $kgs ftl 0j g-lus dks
5qg*< g-lh dgk- tkrk gS vkSj @ldh fu12k dh tkrh gST
0zk$hudky ls g-lh ds 6l fodGr PNk dks v>Lk ugha )kuk x;k
gS T f):kd d:kkvksa )sa jktk tud ds jkt2jckj )sa vKkodz
^fKk ds 0zosFk dh d:kk gS ftl)sa @uds vaxksa dh fodGfr dks
2s[k jkt 2jckkjh g-ls :ks
102
rc vKkodz ^fKk us dgk :kkUV gs jktk U )Sa rks l)Irk :kk fd vk0ds
jkt 2jckj )sa foOku gksxs 0j )qIs vkt Zkr gqvk fd ;s rks lc $);
foFksKkZ gS tks )sjs ckgjh PNk dks 2s[kdj g-lrs gS T )sjh vkR)k
ugha 2s[krs W
6l d:kk )sa ;g flHkar 0zfr0kf2r fd;k x;k gS fd
fodykax 0j dHkh )r g-afl;s T @l 0j g-Lkuk Hkxoku 0j
g-luk gS T 6lh 0zdkj d)tksj 9;fEr 0j g-Lkuk Hkh g)kkjh
)kufld fodGfr gS T vkt )fgykvksa dks ysdj rjg rjg ds lsEl
$qdqys 0z$fyr gS T 3slk 5qg*< gkL; )hf*;k )sa Hkh
g-lh ds 59okjs ds PNk )sa [qkydj 0zLrqr fd;k tk jgk gS tks
lo;:kk fu12uh; gS T g)sa 3slh g-lh ls c$uk $kfg3 T ;g
)kufld fodGfr gS T 6ls fdlh Hkh fL:kfr )as vk/kqfud thou
kSyh ds PNk )sa Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk T
v0us f)?ksa U 0fjf$rksa U lRcf1/k;ksa dks Hkh fdlh
Hkh PNk )ssa g-Lkh dk 0k? )r cuk63 T ;s 6Kkk; vkSj OsKk
ds dkj.k cusxs T 6lls fook2 vkSj fgalk dk 0zkjRHk gksxk T
xks2ku )sa @01;kl l)zk 0zs)$12 dgrs gSUV ugha lg ldrk
@udh g-lh tks cjkcj ds gS E;ksfd @udh g-Lkh )sa 6Kkk;U
9;ax vkSj tyu gS TW
vius vki ij g3fl;s " lcls @RRk) g-lh v0us vk0 vk0 0j g-l dj
9;Er dh tk ldrh gS T g)kkjh vk2rs Ug)kjh d)tksfj;k g)ls
v>Lh rjg dkSu tku ldrk gS T v0us vk0 0j g-Lkus ds fy3 0zR;sd
ds 0kl Nk;k;Nr dkj.k gS E;ksfd 6l 2qfu;k )sa dks6; Hkh
0#.k; ugha gS T v0uh v0#.k;rk 0j g-lus ls ykHk gh ykHk gS
T g)kjk 0fjKdkj gksxk vkSj g) vf/kd vku12 dks 0zkNr gksxs T
v0us vk0 0j gL-kus dk 3d @2kgj.k laLdGr dk9;FkkL?h
Hkkuq2Rr us jlrjafx.kh )sa 6l 0zdkj f2;k gS UV ys[kuh dks
6/kj @/kj X#Xrs gq3 czRgk dgk- dgk- ugha x3 U 0j1rq ck2
)sa v0us gh dku ds @0j yxk6; gq6; ys[kuh dks 0kdj og )q[k
uh$s djds )qLdjkus yxs W T v0us vk0 0j g-luk lo;QsKJ gS T
Hkkjr )sa g-Lkus ds fy3 0z$qj )k?k )sa lk)xzh gS T
g)kjs v1/k foFokl U voSZkfud 0z:kk3 UNk;k;oj.k lRc1/kh
0k[k.*U v0us vk0 dks I#J cksy dj /kks[kk 2suk tSLkh vk2rs
Hkh g-lus ds fy3 v>Ls vk/kkj gS T v1/k foFoklksa vkSj
voSZkfud 0z:kkvksa 0j 9;aS; U dkMk 5crh Hkh $y ldrh gS T
@udk )[kkSy Hkh @*<k;k tk ldrk gS vkSj @l 0j vDJkl Hkh
fd;k tk ldrk gS 6lls u fl5; g)kjkk fgr gS l)kt vkSj 2ssFk dk
Hkh fgr gS T
fg12h ds dgkuhdkj foFouk:k k)k; dkSfFkd g-lus ds
fy3 vkSj Hkh dkj.k crkrs gSU V v0us @0j 6lfy3 g-lksa fd
103
rq)us lalkj dks ugha l)Ik T lalkj 0j 6lfy3 g-lksa fd lalkj us
rq)dks ugha l)Ik T v0uh Hk#yksa 0j 6lfy3 g-lksa fd @udk
lq/kkj vlRHko gS T v0uh ykylkvksa 0j 6l okLrs g-lks fd os
vukf/kdkj $sKk :kh T v0us 0zsf);ksa 0j 6l dkj.k g-lksa fd
@udk 0zs) f):;k :kk T v0us 2zksfg;ksa 0j 6lfy3 g-lksa fd
@udk 2zksg I#Jk gS T 6lls vf/kd g-lus ds vkSj E;k dkj.k
gks ldrs gSTW
[k#c g-fl3 T g-luk LokL:k ds fy3 ykHk2k;d gS 0j 6l
vZkr dfo dh ok.kh dk /;ku jf[k3 T
V lyhdk dk )tkd v>Lk U djhus dh g-lh v>Lh U
vth tks f2y dks Hkk3 U ogh cl f2'yxh v>Lh TW
"""""""""""""
6l v1/kh 2kS*< dks l)fI3
vHkh xr f2uksa )Sa v0us 0q? ds 0kl 612kSj x;k gqvk
:kk T 612kSj )/;0z2sFk dk Ck*<k 0zxfrFkhy vkS+kksfxd uxj
gS T og fFkMkk ds ds12z ds PNk )sa Hkh fodkl dj jgk gS T )/;
0z2sFk )sa l)k$kj Nk?ksa dh rks jkt/kkuh gh cuk gqvk gST
3sls )gkuxj dh fofo/k xfrfof/k;ksa dh tkudkjh ogk- ds l)k$kj
Nk?ksa ls f)yrh jgh ysfdu tgk- fodkl dk 0j$) ygygk jgk :kk
U ogh dqL 3sls 0zFu f$1g Hkh [k*s< :ks tks g)sa $srkouh
2srs *jkrs U /k)dkrs utj vk3 T ;s 0zFu f$1g 612kSj )sa Hkys
gh f2[kk6; f23 ysfdu ;f2 g) /;ku 2sxs rks 0k3xs fd Hkkjr ds gj
uxj )sa ;s 0zFu f$1g g)sa *jkus ds fy3 [k*s< gS T 6lfy3
$$k; Hkys gh 612kSj dh gks 0j ;g 2sFk 9;k0h l)L;k ds PNk
)saa f2[kk6; 2s jgh gS T
l6i7u 8kjkus ds vijk0k " 612kSj )sa l)k$kj Nk?ksa ls Zkr
gqvk fd ogk- lHkzk1r 0fjokjksa ds ;qodksa )sa v0jk/kksa dh
0zofRRk cX< jgh gS T [kkrs 0hrs lR01u +kjksa ds ;qod ;f2
v0jk/k txr )sa d2) j[k jgs gS rks ;g 3d *jkouk 0zFu f$1g rks
gS gh T 2sf[k3 ;s LkR01u +kjkus ds 0zfrfKJr ;qod fdu
v0jk/kkas )sa fyNr 0k3 x3 T
v0jk/k 0zdj.kksa dh la[;k
%& kjkc 0hdj ISk*<k o )kj0h %,B
(& kjkc 0hdj xk*h $ykus ls 3sElh*s1Dl 4B
,& )ksck6y $ksjh o $ksjh ds )ksck6y [kjh2uk ,B
/& $ksjh dh xkf*;k [kjh2us ds )k)ys %B
104
4& okgu o +kjksa )sa $ksfj;ksa ds )k)ys %4
7& Ls*Lk*< o vFyhy 3l&3)&3l& ds )k)ys ((
6u v0jkf/kd 0zdj.kksa )sa 6athfu;fjax U )sf*dy o
)Sust)s1 ds fo\k:kh; Hkh lfR)fyr gS T rhu ;qofr;ksa dks
2sg 9;k0kj ds vkjks0 )sa 0d*k x;k T ;s lR01u +kjkusa dh gS
ysfdu Sys)j o )-gxs d0*ksa ds kkSd us @1gs ;s xyr jkg
0d*k 2h T 3d ukrh rhu oKk; dh @)z ls v0uh ukuh ds 0kl jgrk
:kk U @lus ukuh ds cSaad [kkrksa ls tkyh gLrkMkj dj
ykk[kksa PNk3 fudky fy3 T 3)&vk;&th&fL:kr kjkc dh 2qdku ds
ckgj xqz0 cukdj kjkc 0hrs ;qodksa dks 0d*<k x;k U 6l)sa
2l ;qod laHkzk1r 0fjokjksa ds :ks T
foospu djs " ;f2 @0jksEr +kukvksa dk foos$u djs rks v0jk/k
ds dkj.k fuRukuqlkj 0k3 tk3xssT
v 9kjkc ds dkj.k vijk0k " @0jksEr v0jk/kksa )sa vf/kd
laaaa[;k kjkc 0hus ds dkj.k +kfr gq6; gST uFks dh yr
;qodksa )sa cX< jgh gS T 3d los; ds vuqlkj 6Edhl oKk; ls
ysdj $kfyl oKk; rd ds ;qod 6l yr )sa vf/kd 0k3 x3 gS T vc rks
kjkc gh ugha fofHk1u 0zdkj ds *gSl ;qodksa dks v0uh fxj`r
)sa ys $qds gS T uFksa ds xf.kr )sa 612kSj cgqr Lksk
kgj gS T f2'yh vkSj )qRc6; ds vk-ad*s< rks Hk;kog gS
T kjkc 3d [krjukd cqjk6; gST
;g g) ;qxksa ls tkurs gS T 2qfu;k ds lHkh /k); xz1:k
6lds @0;ksx dk fuKks/k djrs gS f5j Hkh NkX<s fy[ks l)I2kj
lR01u +kjksa )sa 6ldk kku ls 0z;ksx 3d lRkL;k [k*<h djrk gS
T vaxszt dfo k)l csdu dgrs gSU V tc kjkc v12j rc cqfH ckgj
W tc cqfH gh ckgj gks tk3xh rks c$h gq6; )q[k;rk dk uaxk
uk$ rks v0jk/k U 2q+k;uk U fgalk U ;kSu kksKk.k ds PNk )sa
f2[kk6; 2sxk gh T 6lhfy3 )gfKk; ck')hfdth jk)k;.k )sa dgrs
gSaU V )+k 0hus ls v:k; U /k); U dk) rhuks uK gks tkrs
gSTW
;g Hkkjh vkF$;; dk foKk; gS kjkc dk lsou djrs
;qod";qofr;ksa ds )krk f0rk 6ls E;ks ugha tku 0krs T 3slk
lRHko gh ugha gS fd 0fjokj )sa ;g Rk:; fL0k jgs T 6lds 2ks
gh dkj.k gks ldrs gS " %& )krk"f0rk c>$ksa 0j /;ku gh ugha
2srs T os v0us dk;;dyk0ksa )sa 6rus )Fkxqy gS fd c>>kksa
ds 0zfr @udk dqL dr;9; gS U ;g Hkh os Hk#y tkrs gS T (&
v:kok os tkurs c#Irs 6l fL:kfr dks Lohdkj dj ysrs gS T
105
2ksuks gh fL:kfr;ksa )sa os 2ksKkh gST okLro )as ;qod
;qofr;ksa ds 3sls v0jk/kksa ds fy3 )krk f0rk dks Hkh v0jk/k ds
)k)ys )ss l)ku ltk dk 0zko/kku gksuk $kfg3 E;ksfd os
v0jk/k +kfr gksus ds dkjd gS tSls NkFkq NkMkh v0uh l1rku ds
0zfr fufF$r thou fuok;g dj ysrs gS U oSLkh fL:kfr )kuoh;
lRc1/kksa )sa Lohdkj ugha dh tk ldrh E;ksfd lH; taxyh
foFksKk [krjukd gks ldrs gS T
c :ysej o e3agxs 9kkSd ds dkj.k vijk0k " )ksck6y o okgu
$ksjh dh +kuk3- Sys)j vkSj )-gxs kkSd 0#js djus ds fy3
gh fd3 tkrs gST 6lds fy3 0zfrfKJr +kjkus ds ;qod t'2h ls t'2h
fcuk Q) fd3 vf/kdr) /ku vft;r djuk $kgrs gS T /ku ls gh
0zfrKJk vkSj lq[k f)yrk gS 3slh /kkj.kk l)kt )sa L:kku 0krh tk
jgh gS T ysfdu ;g lq[k 0zkjRHk dk gSU v1r )sa rks ;g )GR;q
rq'; 2qY[k2 gST fo\k:kh; dk thou r0 vkSj r0L;k dk thou gST
@ls )kSt vkSj )Lrh )sa uK djus 0j @lds 0fj.kk) lkjs thou )sa
Hkqxruk 0*<rs gS T 5SFku Mkf.kd gS og gj Mk.k c2yrh gST
@lds $dz )sa 5al dj dks6; ;qok dSls v0us 'kM; dks 0k ldrk
gS T 0zflH ys[kd vkLdj ok6'* dgrs gSU V5SFku dqP0rk dk 3d
0zdkj gS tks 6ruk vlk/; gS fd g)sa @ls gj Lg )kg )sa c2y
2suk gksrk gS TW vaxszt ys[kd cuk*; kk rks 5SFku dks
)gk)kfj;k- crkrs gS v:kk;rD ;s L#vkL#r dh ch)kjh gS tks
cqjh rjg 5syrh gS 6l ch)kjh dk 3slk foLrkj gks jgk gS fd
uaxk0u 5SFku dk PNk ys jgk gS T @0kax Xax ls jguk 5SFku
dgk tkus yxk gS T ;g Jhd gS fd g)kjk 9;fErRo lcls vyx f2[ks
ysfdu 3slk ckgjh vkoj.k ds dkj.k ugha g)kjs varl ds xq.kksa
ds dkj.k gksuk $kfg3 T xka/kh 3sls gh 5SFku dks g)sa
@2kgj.k cu dj 2s x3 gS T crk63 gS dks6; @u tSlk T 5SFku
udy gSU 6l)sa vdy ds fy3 txg gS gh ugha T dks6; l)Ik3 fd
6ldk 9;fErRo ls E;k lRca/k gST 6l )gk)kjh PNk 5SFku ds
foLrkj ds fy3 Hkh )krk f0rk gh 2ksKkh gS E;ksfd os Hkh 6lds
fFkdkj gST )krk f0rk ;f2 v0us 0fjokj )ss c>$ksa ls thfor lR0d;
j[ksa vkSj l)qf$r )kx;2Fk;u 2sos rks 6l 0zdkj ds v0jk/k +kfr
gks gh ugha ldrs T
l fo%k; okluk l6c70k' vijk0k " ;qofr;ksa dh Ls*Lk*< o
@1gs vFyhy 3l3)3l Hkstus ds v0jk/k rks 2t; gS 0j @1gs
5qlykdj 0zs) vkSj fookg dk Ikalk 2sdj @uds vFyhy 3l3)3l
0zlkfjr djukU @1gs Cysd)sy djuk U @udk v0gj.k djuk Hkh vc
106
vk)rkSj 0j NkX<us lquus )sa vkus yxk gS T dqL ;qofr;k Hkh
vk/kqfudrk ds Hkz)tky )sa 6lfy3 0*< tkrh gS T
;s @)z dk v1/kk0u gS tks 5SFku kjkc vkSj flus)kU h&
oh& ds tksj2kj 0zcy vkdz).k ds dkj.k csyxk) foLrkj 0k jgk gS
T g)kjs 2sFk )sa );k;2k 0qPKkksRr) jk) gq3 gS g)us v0uh
);k;2k dk /;ku gh ugha j[kk T g) [kq2 gh v0uh 6>Lk ls
yM).k js[kk yka+k jgs gS rks 2qx;q.kksa P0h jko.k ;f2 gj ys
tk3 rks vkF$;; E;k . vkt ;gh gks jgk gS T laLdGr dfo 2.*h V
2Fkdq)kj $fjr W )sa dgrs gS V vkZk dk @'ya+ku djus okyh
0ztk tks )u )sa vkrk gS U cksyrh gS vkSj tks )u )sa vkrk
gS U djrh gS r:kk 6l 0zdkj lHkh );k;2kvksa dks vLR9;Lr dj
2srh gS T );k;2k jfgr l)kt 6l yksd vkSj 0jyksd ls Lok)h vkSj
Loa; dks fxjk 2srk gSW 6lfy3 $k.kE; )gks2; $srkouh 2srs
gSaU W );k;2k dk @'ya\u dHkh )r djks&
foKk; okluk lRc/kh v0jk/k );k;2k @'ya\u ds L0K 0fj.kk)
gST
"ora;rk dk .+,<k;ksx " vkt ds ;qod ;qofr;ksa dks ftruh
Lora?rk Hkkjrh; 0fjokjksa )sa f)yh gq6; gS @ruh 6frgkl ds
fdlh Hkh 01us 0j dHkh vaafdr ugha gq6; gS T vkt 0fjokj dk
2k;jk ftruk lqdq* x;k gS U @l)sa 0zFu 0#Lus okyk dks6; jg
gh ugha x;k T );k;2k dks Lora?rk dk 2qF)u )ku fy;k x;k gS
T yM).k js[kk rks vc f[k$h gh ugha tk ldrh E;ksfd ;qod
;qofr;ka gh ugha vc rks )krk f0rk Hkh 6l yM).k js[kk dks
Lohdkj ugha djrsT f5j ;qod dSls yM).k js[kk Lohdkjsa T
vkt foZku us tks 0zxfr dh gS U og )kuo tkfr ds fgr )sa cgqr
c*k d2) gS T foZku us 0zxfr ds lk:k fu;a?.k dks Hkh
Lohdkj fd;k gS T fdlh Hkh @0dj.k dk voyksdu dhft3 @l)sa
xfr fu;a?.k dh 9;oL:kk gST fcuk cszd ds okgu $ykuk fdruk
[krjukd gSU g) lc tkurs gS T thou dh xk*h $ykus ds fy3 Hkh
foosd P0h cszd dh l2k vkoF;drk gS T g) 0zxfr dh v1/kh
2kS*< )as ;f2 foosd P0h cszd dk @0;ksx ugha djsxs rks
v0jk/k P0h x*D*s )as fxjuk rks r; gST f5j g)sa dkSu jksd
ldrk gS .
;qodksa dh Lora?rk 6l g2 rd gS fd @uds )krk f0rk rd ;g
ugha tkurs fd os dc +kj vk jgs gS T dgk- dgk- Hkd jgs
gS . U E;k dj jgs gS . dkSu @uds f)? gS . @udk 0zfrf2u dk
E;k dk;;dz) gS .
fuLk12sg ;qodksa dks Lora?rk f)yuk $kfg3 ysfdu )krk
f0rk dks 6l Lora?rk 0j fu;a?.k j[kus dk v0uk dr;9; foL)Gr
107
ugha djuk $kfg3 T ;f2 )krk f0rk v0us dr;9; dk 0kyu ugha
djsxs rks fufF$r PNk ls ;qodksa ds d2) Hkdsxs T vc )krk f0rk
ds vfrfjEr dkSu gS tks @1gs )kx;2Fk;u 2s T
la"dkjksa dk v2kko " 0gys 3d 0fjokj gksrk :kk T @l 0fjokj
dh 3d 0jR0jk gksrh :kh T gtkjksa oKkks; dh r0L;k ls 0fjokj )sa
laLdkj curs :ks T os laLdkj )krk +kqDh )sa f0ykrh
:kh ;s laLdkj f23 ugha tkrs :ks T ;s thou ds gj Mk.k )sa
xzg.k fd3 tkrs :ksT /ku rks cktkj )sa vft;r fd;k tk ldrk gS T
laLdkj cktkj )sa ugha fcdrs T laLdkj rks 0fjokj )sa v0us
cqtqxks; ls xzg.k fd3 tkrs gS T /ku dk vku12 g) rHkh ys
ldrs gS tc laLdkjksa dh );k;2k g) xzg.k djs T
euksoS=kfudksa dk er " ;qodksa ds Hkdko ds fy3
)uksoSZkfud 0fjokj ds fo+ku dks gh ftR)s2kj )kurs gS T
vkt )krk f0rk v0us c>$ksa dh lq[k lqfo/kk ds fy3 vuk0 kuk0
/ku9;; dj jgs gS T 6l /ku dks vt;u djus ds fy3 os dfJur)D
0fjQ) dj jgs gS T voS/k /k1/ks U HkzKk$kj rd dj jgs gS E;ksfd
vc os Hkh ;g )ku jgs gS fd 0zfrJk dk ds12zfc12q /ku gS T
lq[k lqfo/kk /ku ls [kjh2h tk ldrh gS fd1rq os ;g ugha tkurs
fd foosd dks v1/kk cukus dk dk) Hkh /ku gh djrk gS T /ku
lq[k 2s ldrk gS kkf1r vkSj vku12 ugha 6lfy3 6l Hkz) dks
l2k ds fy3 f)k 2suk vkoF;d gS fd /ku gh lokSRr) lq[k dk
lk/ku gS T ;f2 ;s Hkz) ugha f)k rks 6l /ku ds fy3 ;qod
;qofr;ka fdlh Hkh g2 rd tk3xs gh vkSj rc v0jk/k dk v1/kk
dqvk @udk 61rtkj djrk f)ysxk T
fMis)ku > ruko " 6l kjkc U uFks dh yr ds lk:k ftl 3d jksx dk
o.k;u ugha gqvk gS og gS f*0zsFku T u dsoy ;qod ;qofr;ka
ojuD @uds )krk f0rk Hkh vkt f*0zsFku tSlh ch)kjh ds fFkdkj
gks jgs gS T 6ls ch)kjh os l)I gh ugha jgs gS T ;g 3d 3slk
jksx gS ftl)sa jksxh v0us k?q dks 0g$ku gh ugha 0krs T 6lls
lc rax gS T 6lfy3 uFks dh yr ;qod ;qofr;ksa dks gh ugha /ku
vt;u dh v1/kh 2kS* )as yxs lkJ 0zfrFkr yksxks dks Hkh gS
6ls g) uk) 2srs gS vk/kqfud thou kSyhT ;g thou kSyh
dks6z; g) 0j :kks0rk ugha U g) gh @ls v0ukrs gS T 6lh ls
ruko o rykd rd dh ;k?k rhoz xfr ls tkjh gS T
ifj.kke gS vk/e g/;k " 6l vk/kqfud thou kSyh dh v1/kh
2kS*< dk 0fj.kk) gS vkR)gR;k ds +ksjs T vkt xjhc fdlku gh
ugha U v)hj @+kksx0fr U flus)k txr dh $dk$kSa/k th jgs ;qod
108
U f[kyk*<h lHkh rks d) ;k vf/kd vkR) gR;k dj jgs gS T vc
v0jk/k o vkR) gR;k dk dkj.k xjhch ugha vR;f/kd 3sFo;; dh
v1/kh 2kS*< gS tks lq[kh 0fjokj ds fo$kj dks R;kxus ls
@R01u gq6; gS T 6ls thou kSyh g) dSls cuk3 j[k ldrs gS T
c+jk4;ksa d' tM< " ftl fo$kj dks g) vk/kqfud thou kSyh ds
uk) ls 0qdkj jgs gS og vklqjh xq.kksa dh [kku gST @l)sa
2so xq.kksa dk uk)ksfuFkku ugha gS T HkzKk$kj U fgalk U
v0jk/k U ]k*<;a? U +kkskys U vlk)kftd dGR; @lh dh dks[k ls
fudy jgs gS T E;k jktuhfr U v:k; uhfr U /k);uhfr lHkh @lh
dk)uk U 6;Kkk U OsKk vkSj Lok:k; ls 0hf*r gS T 6lfy3 0fjokj
)sa lq[k Lk;k L:kkf0r fd3 fcuk jksx dk fuokj.k gks gh ugha
ldrk T
0fjokj gS 3d LoHkkfod 0kJFkkyk ftl)sa lgt Hkko ls g)
lh[krs gS 0zs)U 0jL0j lg;ksx lgdkj U R;kx U lsok ds xq.k T 0fjokj
dks 0fjokj dh rjg $ykuk 0*sxk T 0fjokj dks 2qdku U dR0uh ;k
lf)fr dh rjg ugha $yk;k tk ldrk T @l)as Lora?rk rks gksxh 0j
@l)sa foosd dk cksyckyk gksxk T 0fjokj dh vk/kkj fFkyk gS
0jL0j foFokl U c*<ksa 0j QHk T 0fjokj dk lafo/kku gS 0jR0jkxr
laLdkj T
4ykt D;k gS " vHkh 3slk lks$k tk jgk gS fd ;g l)L;k dfr0;
0fjokjksa dh l)L;k gS ysfdu ;g Hkkjh Hk#y gS T ;g )gk)kjh
dh rjg 5Sy jgh gS vkSj 6ldh $0s )sa lkjk 2sFk gS T ;f2 g)
xRHkhjrk ls ltx ugha gq3 rks 2sFk Hkj )sa v0jk/kksa dk
uaxkuk$ f2[ksxk yMk.k f2[kus yxs gS 6lfy3 vHkh ls
f$1ru dj l)k/kku [kksts T
ifjokj dks i+u-t'for djs " tSlk 0gys o.k;u fd;k x;k gS 0fjokj
dks okLrfod PNk ls 0fjokj cuk3 E;ksfd laLdkj dh 0kJFkkyk ogha
gS tgk- rd gks lds v0us 0fjokj ds cqtqx; 9;fEr dks llR)ku
0fjokj )sa L:kku 2hft3 T cqtq;x 9;fEr dh @0fL:kfr gh 0fjokj
)sa vuqFkklu dk dkj.k gksxh T laLdkj ogh ls 0zl#r gksxs T
v0us c>$ksa ds fy3 +kj dk vfyf[kr lafo/kku r; dhft3 T @1gs dc
+kj ok0l vkuk gST dSls . dc . lk:k lk:k Hkkstu xzg.k djuk gS
T f2u Hkj dh xfrfof/k;ksa 0j $$k; U l)L;kvksa dk l)k/kku lc
dqL v0uRo U 0zs) U foFokl ds okrkoj.k )sa dhft3 T +kj dks vkQ)
dk PNk 2hft3 T gk-a vk/kqfud ;qx dh oSZkfudrk dk ykHk
@Jk63 T @ls Lohdkj dhft3 v1/kfoFoklksa dks fc2k 2hft3 T
vk/kqfud thou kSyh ds uk) 0j voSZkfudrk dks Hkh lkgl
109
0#o;d vLohdkj dhft3 T 6lls tgk- vk0dk 9;fErRo fu[kjsxk U
ogha vk0ds c>$ksa dk vkR) foFokl cXs<xk T
thou 3d ;qH gST lrr la+kKk; gS T 6l)sa 2soh xq.kksa ls
gh fot; 0k6; tk ldrh gS T ;qH )sa udy ls dk) ugha $yrk T
l)Iksrs ds fy3 L:kku ugha gS T vk0dh fot; vk0ds xq.kksa 0j
fuHk;j jgsxh T 6lfy3 ;qod ;qofr;ksa dks v1/kh 2kS*< ls
c$k63 T
"""""""""""
110
/ku ugha U )kuoh; xq.kksa 0j Hkh /;ku 2hft3
vk63 0gys 6l l)k$kj dks 0X<sT
VV %/ oh yksdlHkk ds $kj fjdk*; rks*< lkyWW l)k$kj Hkkjrh;
yksdlHkk ds foxr $kj oKkks; )sa fuf);r fjdk*ks; dk gS T 0#jk
l)k$kj 6l 0zdkj gS V oSls rks ;g fjdk*; gS 0j kk;2 %/ oha yksdlHkk
6ls Hk#ykuk $kgsxhT E;ksfd fjdk*; cukus okys lkal2ks ds
dkjuk)sa lcdk flj Iqdkus okys gSaT
yksd lHkk ds 2l l2L;ksa dks f0Lysa 2ks lkyks )sa ckgj dk jkLrk
f2[kk f2;k x;k T @1gksus 0zFu @Jkus ds fy3 yksxks ls fjFor yh :khT
fLax vk0jsFku )sa 5als $kj lkal2ks dks l2u )sa 5dkj yxk6; x6;
:khU tcfd 3d v1; l2L; dks l2u dh l2L;rk ls fuKdkflr dj f2;k x;k :kkT
E;ksafd os lal2h; lf)fr ds vf/kdkfjd 2kSjs )sa )fgyk f)? dks 0Ruh
crkdj Hkkjr ls ckgj ys x3 :ksT v0uh rjg ds 0gys )k)ys )sa 0#o; lkal2
ckc# Hkk6; dkjk dks )kuo rLdjh ds fy3 fxjNrkj Hkh fd;k x;kT 6l l);
os tsy )sa gSaWWT
6l l)k$kj )sa dks6; vkF$;; ugha gST g) lc tkurs gSaT 6lds
vfrfjEr g) lc ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd g)kjs lkal2 vkSj fo/kk;dksa )sa ls
cgqr ls v0jk/kh 0zoGfRr ds gST @u 0j gR;kU cykRdkjU v0gj.kU kkldh; /ku
dk xcu tSlk vkjks0 gST @u)sa ls dqL )a?h gSaT yksdlHkk ds 2ks
)kuuh; l2L;ksa dks vkthou dS2 dh ltk Hkh lquk6; x6; gST ;s os
0zfrfuf/k gSa tks g)sa )kx;2Fk;u 2sus dk 2kf;Ro j[krsa gST ;s
0ztkra? ds jktk gST xhrk dgrh gS fd )gk0qdKkksa dk vuqlj.k 0ztk
djrh gST vkt 2sFk )sa lc 6u jktkvksa dk vuqlj.k gh rks dj jgas gST
fdlh dks fdlh dk Hk; ugha gSa E;ksafd g)k) )sa lc uaxs gaST
vk63 2sa[ks dSls lc uaxsT vkt 2sFk )sa Hkz#.k gR;k3a yk[kks
dh la[;k )sa gks jgh gST fL:kfr 6ruh [kjkc gks x6; gS fd ;qodksa
dks 0Ruh f)yuk 3d l)L;k cu jgh gST fyax vuq0kr fcx*< jgk gST kklu
111
0zFkklu f$afrr gST kklu us @l f$1rk ds fuokj.k ds fy3 dku#u cuk f2;k
gST 6l dku#u ds v1r;xr d*<s 2.* dk 0zko/kku gST fd1rq vkt rd
dks6; v0jk/kh 0d*<k x;k gks ;k ltk gq6; gS 6ldh tkudkjh g)sa rks
ughsa gST ;s Hkz#.k gR;k3a dkSu djk jgk gST dkSu gS v0jk/kh lc
tkurs gST tks vkad*s xokgh 2srs gS @lds vuqlkj lR01u 6ykdksa )sa
Hkh ;g v0jk/k gks jgas gST foZku us fyax tkuus ds fy3 3d lqfo/kk 2hT
6l lqfo/kk dk 2qd0;ksx ckfydk Hkz#.k gR;k )sa fd;k x;kT
Hkz#.k gR;k dk ;g dkjksckj *kEjksa dh lgk;rk ds fcuk lRHko
ugha gST *kEj vk) turk ds fy3 Hkxoku gS @u 0j turk dk foFokl gST
os vxj 6l laxfJr fxjksg )sa lfR)fyr gksdj /kuvt;u ds fy3 6l foFokl 0j vk+
kkr 0gq-a$krs gq3 v0jk/k +kfr djus )sa lgk;d gksrs gS rks dy E;k
gksxk . ;g fo$kj.kh; 0zFu gST
*kEjksa dk ;g dGR; fu12uh; gS vkSj @uds 0zfr tks foFoluh;rk
dk Hkko gS @ls *#cksusokyk gST *kEjh 0sFks 0j tks 2#ljk vkjks0
fd*uh jsds dks ysdj @0fL:kr gqvk gSU @lls yxrk gS fd 6l 0sFks dks
dayfdr djus ds fy3 /ku dk yky$ v0uh lHkh lh)k 0kj dj x;k gST yky$h
*kEj dqL Hkh dj ldrk gST @ls v0us ox; ds Hkxoku gksus dh
)k1;rk Lohdkj ugha gST
*kEjh 0sFks )sa *kEjksa dh 5hl Hkh v0uh lHkh g2s 0kj dj
x6; gSasT xjhcksa ds fy3 rks *kEjksa dh lsok3a vc @0yC/k gh
ugha gSU 3slk )kfu3 T ljdkjh 2ok[kkuksa dh 2q2;Fkk 6ldks L0K djrh
gST E;k ;s vk$j.k crkrk gS fd g))sa )kuorkU 2sFk 0zs) tSlh dks6;
Hkkouk gST E;k )uqK;rk ds fy3 dks6; laos2uk ksKk gST *kEj
0sFks dks ysdj vZkr dfo us tks 9;axck.k Lks*<k gSU @l 0j fo$kj
dhft3T
6udks E;k dk) gS )qj9or ls
v0uh vk2r ls )q-ag u )ks*sxsaT
tku kk;2 5fjFrs Lks*< 2s
*kEj 5hl dks u Lks*saxsT
112
*kdjksa ds ox; ds vfrfjEr fFkMkk )sa Hkh Hka;dj vjktdrk gST
yk[kks d0;s dh kq'd dh ckr rks v0uh txg gS fd1rq 6lds vfrfjEr
vk)kuqfKkd 2.*U fFkMkdksa Okjk Lk?kvksa ds 0zs) 0zlax vc vR;kf/kd
lquk6; 2s jgs gSaT fFkMkk dk 0fo? )af2j vc QGHk dk ds12z ugha jg
x;k gST
fhkMkk vkSj f$fdRlk ds vfrfjEr 0zFkkldh; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds
HkzKk$kjU xcuU dk.*U Hkk6; Hkrhtsok2 ds 6rus 0zdj.k lk)us vk
jgsa gS fd yxrk gS HkzKk$kj fFkKk$kj dk d0 ys jgk gST vc rks
0zFkklu ds @>$r) vf/kdkjh rd yk[kksa d03 ds HkzKk$kj ds )k)yks
)sa 5lrs f2[k jgs gST
vkt dks6; dg ugha ldrk fd 2sFk dk dks6; ox; 6;)ku2kj gS
vkSj 2sFk fgr )sa dk) dj jgk gST lk)k1; ukxfjdksa 0j Hkh 6ldk xyr
la2sFk tk jgk gST v0jk/k cX< jgs gSaT v0jk/kh v0uh djuh 0j k)k;rsa
ugha gSaT os 6ls lk/kkj.k dk;; l)I jgs gSaT lcls vf/kd 0jsFkku
6;)ku2kj vkSj uSfrd fu;)ksa dk 0kyu djus okys yksx gSaT
E;k dkj.k gS 6l gkyr dk " 6l gkyr dks g) lc tkurs gSaT vuqHko Hkh
djrs gSaT l)Irs Hkh gS fd1rq cksyrs ughaT g)us v0uh fFkMkk
0z.kkyh )sa uSfrd fFkMkk dks l)kNr dj f2;k T @l 0j u 0fjokjksa us /;ku
f2;k tk jgk gS vkSj u fFkMkky;kas )as T g)kjs laLdkj tks 0fjokj )sa
c$0u ls 0u0rs :ks Uvc dgk-a gS . g)us v0uk lkjk /;ku f*xzh 0j vkSj /ku
0j yxk f2;k T g)kjs c>$s vf/kdr) vad 0k3 UQsKJ 02 0k3 Uyk[kksa PNk3
@udh vk)2kuh gks vkSj os foykflrk0#.k; ft12xh kku ls ft3 U;g yM;
jgk T g)us )kuoh; xq.kksa ds fodkl 0j /;ku ugha f2;k 5yLoPNk g)
v>Ls *kEj rks cuk 0k3 Uv>Ls 0zFkkldh; xq.kksa okys vf/kdkjh rks gS
0j os laos2uk k#1; gS T )kuoh; xq.kksa dk @u)sa vHkko gS T
fdlh 2sFk Ul)kt vkSj laL:kk dh l5yrk ds fy3 rduhdh 2Mkrk dh
vkoF;drk gksrh gST og g)us 0zkNr dj yh 0j 6l l5yrk dh uhao )sa
)kuoh; xq.k laos2ukU 0zs) UR;kx Ulg;ksx 6;)ku2kjh tSls xq.k Hkh
vkoF;d gS tks lk)qfgd usrGRo dks 0qK djrs gS T 3d 2#ljs ls lg;ksx
djrs gS T 2#ljksa dh l)L;kvksa dks l)Irs gST 6u xq.kksa ds vHkko
113
)sa g) rduhdh 2Mkrk ds gksrs gq3 Hkh vl5'krk ds xr; )sa fxjrs gST
thou dk vku12 0zkNr ugha dj 0krs T kkf1Rk g)sa ugha f)yrh T g)
rukoxzLr gksdj f*0zsFku )sa tkrs gS T vkR)gR;k djrs gS UFkjkc 0hrs
gS Ufu2zk ds fy3 2ok [kkrs gS f5j Hkh Hkk6;"Hkk6; dk foFokl ugha
djrk T )krk"f0rk dk v0us c>$ksa 0j Hkjkslk ugha gksrk vkSj lc lq[k
lqfo/kk ds lk/ku gksus ds ck2 Hkh g) kkf1Rk ls ugha jg ldrsT
vkt 2sFk )sa lko;tfud 0zfrKJku gh ugha Ug)kjs 0fjokjksa )sa
Hkh lq[k kkf1Rk ugha gS T dks6; fdlh 0j foFokl ugha djrk T dks6z;
lg;ksx UR;kx dk fo$kj ugha djrkT )kuoh; xq.kksa ds vHkko )sa
g)kjh l5yrk dh ;k?k gks gh ugha ldrh T vHkh Hkh l); gS fd g) 6l 0j
v0us v0us 0fjokjksa )sa /;ku 2s T dsoy @>$r) Qs.kh gh ugha U)kuoh;
uSfrd xq.kksa dh vkoF;drk g)kjs fodklU 0zxfr dh ;k?k )sa vkoF;d gS T
6l f2Fkk )sa kklu 0j fuHk;j jguk [krjukd gksxk T jktuhfr ds Lok:k;
gh 3sls gS fd ogk- )kuoh; xq.kksa 0j /;ku u 2sus dh 0jR0jk )gkHkkjr
dky ls $yh vk jgh gS T ftlds 0s )sa 22; gks U ogh 6l f2Fkk )sa
lks$rk gS T g) 6l f2Fkk )as v0us 0fjokj ls vfHk;ku kqP djs rks dz)FkY
v1; laL:kk3a vkSj kklu Hkh /;ku 2sxk T
"""""""""""
114
NkjR0jk
3d 2h0 tyk63a 0*kslh ds fy3
)Sa vHkh v0us css ds fuokl 2sokl ls ok0l jryk) vk;k rks 2s[kk
fd )sjh )q*sj 0j $kj 2h0d j[ks gS T 2h0koyh dk 0o; vHkh x;k :kk
T /;ku vk;k fdlh us [kkyh )dku ds +kksj va/kdkj dks 2s[k ;g 2h0d tyk
f23 gksxs T @l lf2; 0*<kslh ds fy3 )u gh )u /k1;ok2 ds Loj xqat @Js
T )sjs 0*<ksl )sa jgrs gS P0flagth T js'osa )sa lgk;d *gk;oj gS T ck2
)sa 0rk $yk fd ;s 2h0d @1gksus dh j[ks :ks T
)Sus P0flagth dks f2; ls /k1;ok2 f2;k T os cksys U V 6l)sa
/k1;ok2 fdlfy3 . ;g rks 0jR0jk gS T 2h0koyh 0j 0k-$ 2h0d v0us 0*ksl ds
fy3 j[ks tkrs gS T vk0 gksrs rc Hkh g) 3d 2h0d rks j[krs T 0*<kslh ds
fy3 Hkh 3d 2h0d j[kus dk rks 0jR0jk ls fu;) gS T fdruk v>Lk fu;) gS ;g
T ;g g)kjh Hkkjrh; laLdGfr dk 0zrhd gS T dsoy g)kjs +kj gh 0zdkFk u
gks T g)kjs 0zdkFk )sa g)kjs 0*<kslh dh Hkh fgLls2kjh gS T ;f2
Nk*<kslh ds +kj )sa va/kdkj gks rks g)kjs fuokl ds 0zdkFk dk E;k
v:k; gS T vR;1r @2kRRk Hkkouk ds 2Fk;1k gksrs gS 6l fo$kj )sa T
g) 0qjkuh 0jR0jkvksa ls )q-ag )ks*< vk/kqfud cu jgs gS T
0qjkuh 0z:kk )kuus okyksa dks 0qjk.k 01:kh )ku jgs gS T vc 0*<kslh
ds 6Kkk; U OsKk ds g) dkj.k cu jgs gS T Nk*<kslh lg;ksxh ugha l)L;k
cu dj @Hkj jgs gS T 3sls )sa 6l 0jR0jk 0j fo$kj dhft3 T 0*<kslh ds lq[k
2qY[k g)kjs lq[k 2qY[k gks rc 6Kkk; o tyu ds fy3 L:kku dgk-a .
0*kslh dk )gRo vc v0us lcs Hkk6; o fjFrs2kj ls vf/kd cX< x;k gST g)
vc 3d 2#ljs ls cgqr 2#j jg jgs gS T lad dh +k*<h )sa rRdky rks
g)kjk 0*<kslh gh dk) vkrk gS vrY vk/kqfudrk dh 6l csyk )sa
g)kjk 0*<kslh gh g)kjk lxk gS U Hkk6; gS T 0#o; fo/kku )sa dgk
x;k gS U V 2#jL:k Hkk6; ls 0*<kslh vf/kd v>Lk gS W fg12h )sa 3d
yksdksfEr 0z$fyr gS U V 0*<kslh ds ;gk- )sg cjlsxk rks cksLkj g)kjs
;gk- Hkh vkosxh W
6l 2GfK ls 6l 0jR0jk 0j fo$kj dhft3 T ;g 0jR0jk 3d 2soh fo$kj gS T 6l
0jR0jk dk 0kyu djuk vkt 0gys ls Hkh vf/kd vkoF;drk cu x6; gS T 6ls
dsoy 2h0koyh ds volj 0j 3d 2h0d 0*<kslh ds +kj j[kus rd lhf)r )r l)fI3
T 6ls foLrkj 2hft3 T thou ds gj Mk.k )sa v0us 0*<kslh dh )axy )S?h
0j fo$kj dhft3 T vk0dk lq[k vk0ds Nk*<kslh ds lq[k 0j fuHk;j gS T ;f2
vk0ds 0*<kslh 2qY[kh gS rks vk0 vku12 ds xhr dSls xk ldrs gS .
g) 0jR0jkvkas dks rks*< jgs gS fd1rq @ldh txg dks6; u;k fo$kj
L:kkf0r ugha dj 0k jgs gS T ;g 3d 2qY[k2 NkMk gS T fg12h ds
lkfgR;dkj Qh fo+kk fuokl f)Q fy[krs gS U V 0jR0jk dks Lohdkj djus dk
115
v:k; c1/ku ugha U vuqFkklu dk Los>Lk ls oj.k gS W 0jR0jkvksa dks
rks*<us dh or;)ku 0zoGfr ds l12Hk; )s Lok)h foosdku12 ds 6l )r 0j
/;ku 2hft3 UV tks yksx 0gys ds )rks ls dks6; ljksdkj u j[kdj 3d u;k )r
L:kkf0r djuk $kgrs gS vkSj k#1; 0j u3 l)kt dk xJu djuk $kgrs gS U os
cqjh rjg vl5y gksxs W
0*<kslh ds +kj 3d 2h0d j[kus dh 0jR0jk ds v:kks; 0j fo$kj djuk
Hkh vkoF;d gS T ;g 2h0koyh 0o; 0j gh j[kk tkrk gS T g) 2h0koyh 0j
v0us f)?ksa U fjFrs2kjksa dks )agxs kqHkdk)uk l12sFk Hkstrs gS T
fo$kj dhft3 2h0d E;k 3d thfor kqHkdk)uk l12sFk ugha gS T ;g 2h0d
oGg2kj.;d @0fuKk2 %%, b (= ds )a? V r)lks )k [;ksfrx;); W dk
@>$kj.k gS tks dgrk gS V )qIs v1/kdkj ls 0zdkFk dh vkSj ys $yks W
2h0d Zku dk 0zdkFk dk U u3 fo$kj dk 0zrhd gS T 2h0d dsoy 3d
f)f)krk f)Dh dk 2h0d ugha gS T og v1/kdkj ls y*<us ds fy3
l#;; vkSj $12z dk 0zfrfuf/k gS T fg12h ds dfo cq/ktu dgrs gS "
fufl )sa 2h0d $12z)k Uf2u )sa 2h0d l#j
lo;yksd 2h0d /kj) U dqy 2h0d lqr lqj
2h0d dks u dsoy l#;; U $12z U oju /k); rd dg f2;k x;k gS T 6lls
QsK g) 0*<kslh dks E;k 2s ldrs gS T 2h0d 0zdkFk gS U [;ksfr gS T
xhrk )sa 0j)sFoj dks [;ksfr dh Hkh [;ksfr dgk x;k gS %,b8
Hkxoku dGK.k dgrs gSU V )Sa [;ksfr;ksa )sa l#;; g#- W %Bb(%
6lfy3 0*<kslh dh )q*sj 0j 3d 2h0d j[kus dk v:k; l)GfH ds fy3
g)kjh )kSu dk)uk gS T 2h0koyh dk 0o; dsoy 2h0ksRlo ugha gS T og
vk\FkfEr ds fofHk1u P0ksa ds L)j.k dk f2u Hkh gS T fg12h ds
lkfgR;dkj gtkjh0zlk2 fOos2h fy[krs gSU V 2h0koyh 0zdkFk 0o; gS 6l f2u
ftl yM)h dh 0#tk gksrh gS U og xP*< okfguh gS T kfEr lsok vkSj
xfrFkhyrk @lds )q[; xq.k gS T W
vkyksd 0o; 2h0koyh ds f2u v0us 0*<kslh ds )qa*sj 0j 3d 2h0d
j[kus ds 9;k0d v:k; gS T ;g )kuork dk 3d l12sFk gS T 6ldk )gRo rc
vkSj cX tkrk gS tc @lds fuokl 0j +kksj v1/kdkj gks @l lad dh +k*<h
)sa v1/kdkj ds foP H 3d 2h0d dk * dj [k*<k jguk 3d v2DHkq2 +kuk
gS T 6l 0jR0jk dks xgjk6; rd l)fI3 vkSj 0kyu dhft3 T ;gh rks l12sFk gS
vkyksd 0o; dk T
""""""""""
116
D;k o?@ko"!kk esa vdsys jgk tk ldrk gSA
@0HkksErkok2 vkSj 0fF$)h lH;rk dh gok ftl rsth ls g)kjs uxjksaU
dLcks )sa 0zosFk dj jgh gSU @ls 2s[krs gq3 vusd l)L;k3a g)kjs 2sFk
vkSj l)kt )sa vuqHko dh tk jgh gST 6u l)L;kvksa )sa oGHkoL:kk dh
l)L;k Hkh 3d gST LokL:k ds 0zfr cX<rk dIkuU f$fdRlk kkL? dh
u6;"u6; [kkstks vkSj LokL:k lqfo/kkvksa ds dkj.k vkSlr @)z )sa
oGfH gq6; gST vc vkSlr @)z 74 oKk; gks x6; gST 2sFk )sa oGHksa
dh la[;k lkr 0zfrFkr gks x6; gS vkSj 6ldh fujarj oGfH dh laHkkouk gST
vkt ;qokvksa 0j oGHksa dh 2s[kHkky dk 2kf;Ro cX< x;k gST 2#ljh
vksj 0fF$)h lH;rk ds rsth ls cX<rs 0zHkko ds dkj.k la;qEr 0fjokj dh
0z:kk 2) rks*<rh tk jgh gST 3dy 0fjokj )sa oGHks ds fy3 L:kku gh
ugha gST oGH 9;fEr 3d lR)kfur 9;fEr gksrk gST vrY @ls lR)ku ds
lk:k 0zs) vkSj lsok dk Hkko Hkh $kfg3 ftldk vHkko vkt ds l); )sa gST
117
o?@ vk*e dk m.B2ko 5 6l l)L;k ds fujkdj.k ds fy3 0fF$) ds rt; 0j oGH vkQ)
dk fo$kj vk;kT vkt kklu us ftyk Lrj 0j vkSj dLcksa )sa Hkh oGH vkQ)
[kksy f23 gST yksxks dk 3slk fo$kj gS fd oGH vkQ) gh 3d 3slk fod'0 gS
tks 6l l)L;k dk gy gST kklu us 3d dku#u cukdj ;qodksa 0j ;g 2kf;Ro
*kyk gS fd os v0us oGH fjFrs2kjksa dh 2s[kHkky djsT 6u 0z;Ruksa ls
g) l)I jgs gS fd 6l l)L;k dk l)k/kku fudy vk3xkT
g)kjs 2sFk )sa dku#u cukdj l)L;k dk l)k/kku 0kus dh 0zoGfRRk
gST g)us cky fookg dku#u cuk;kU 0j g) cky fookg jksd ugha 0k3T
/kq)z0ku fuKks/k dku#u dks ljsvk) rks*<k tkrk gST dks6; Hkh 3slk
dku#u ughsa gS tks 0zHkkoh gksT 0ztkra? )sa jktuSfrd 6>Lk kfEr
dk vHkkoU y$j 0zFkklfud 9;oL:kk ds $yrs dku#uksa dk 0kyu lRHko gh
ugha gST f5j oGH 9;fEr dks $kfg3 0zs)U lR)kuU lsok Hkkouk tks
dku#u ls 0S2k ugha dh tk ldrhT 6lfy3 6l fof/k dk :kks*<k cgqr
0zHkko cs6;)ku 0fjtuksa 0j lR0fRRk ds laca/k )sa gh 0*<sxk 0j
oGHtuksa dh 2s[kHkky 0j 6ldk 0zHkko ugha 0*sxkT g) 2s[ksaxs fd
vf/kdkaFk oGH v0us 0q?ksa ds fodH 1;k;ky; dh kj.k )sa tk3xs gh
ughaT ;g dku#u v1; rjg lqNr voL:kk )sa 0*<k jgsxkT
3d )ts2kj r:; gS ftl 0j g) /;ku ugha 2s jgs gST E;k vkt ;qok $kgs
Hkh rks E;k og v0us )krk"f0rk vkSj oGHtuksa dh lsok dj ldrk gS. fo$kj
dhft3T 0fr"0Ruh vkt jkstxkj )sa yxs gSaT l); dh vkoF;drk gS ;gT
@0HkksErkok2h d.Jdk# 0zfr;ksfxrk )sa tks thou kSyh g)us Lohdkj
dh gS @l)sa 6lds vfrfjEr vkSj dks6; )kx; ugha gST 0fr"0Ruh
2ksuksa lqcg ls kk) rd v0us fuokl 2#j dk;; )sa 9;LRk jgrs gST
@1gs v0us c>$ks ds fy3 Hkh l); ugha gS os vk0l )sa laok2 Hkh Jhd
ls laok2 ugha dj 0krsU @udh v0uh l)L;k3a Hkh gS rc vk0 @uls vkFkk
djrs gSa fd os lsok Hkko lsU 0zs) ls )krk"f0rk dks lRgkys rks ;g
laHko gh ugha yxrkT oGH 9;fEr dh 2s[kHkky c>$ksa dh rjg djuh
0*<rh gST @1gsa l); 2suk 0*<rk gST l); fdlds 0kl gS. f5j oGH rks
2qxquk c>$k gksrk gST ksElf0;j us gs)ys )sa fy[kk Hkh gSU V oGH
118
9;fEr 2qxquk c>$k gksrk gS W 6lfy3 c>$ksa dks rks lsodksa ds )k/;)
ls lRgkyk tk ldrk gS oGHksa dks ughaT
;s vk/kqfud 0fF$)h lH;rk vkt dh oGH 0hX<h dk gh LoNu :kkT
6u ;qokvksa dks 6lds fy3 vkt ds oGH l)kt us gh rS;kj fd;k :kkT 6lfy3
fdlh dks 2ksKk f23 fcuk g)sa l)L;k dk l)k/kku [kkstuk $kfg3T
E;k oGHkoL:kk dh l)L;k u6; gS" ;gk-a g)sa 6l ckr dk Hkh v/;;u
djuk $kfg3 fd E;k oGHkoL:kk dh ;g l)L;k 0fF$)h gok ds 5yLod0 vkt gh
@R01u gq6; gST 3slh ckr ugha gST oGHksa ds 0zfr frjLdkj dk Hkko
0zk$hu l); )sa Hkh :kkT oGHkoL:kk vlgk; voL:kk gST 6ls dks6;
$kgrk ughs gST 2sf[k3 0z:k)Fkrh 6;lk 0#o; ds Hkr;Ggfj oSjkS;Fkrd
)sa os E;k dgrs gST
VV kjhj 0j Iqfj;;k 0*< x6; gSU $yus f5jus dh lk):;; l)kNr gks
x;h gST 2kar # x3 gST 2GfK uK gks x6; gST cgjk0u cX< x;k gS
vkSj )q[k ls ykj cgrh gST ca/kqtu ckr dk vk2j ugha djrsT 0Ruh lsok
ugha djrhT vksga 0qdKk dh oGHkoL:kk dk dSlk dK gS fd 0q? Hkh
k?q tSlk 9;ogkj djrk gSTWW
vxj g) f):kd d:kkvksa dk v/;;u djsa rks 0k3axs fd 3slh vusd
d:kk3 gS ftu)sa v0us )krk"f0rk ds lk:k 2q9;ogkj fd;k x;k gST )krk
f0rk dh lsok ds fy3 Qo.k dq)kj ds vfrfjEr v1; dks6; d:kk 0z$fyr ugha
gST vkt ;g l)L;k fodjky d0 )sa gST 0gys lk)kftd 2cko 6ruk
0zHkkoFkkyh :kk fd dks6; v0us )krk f0rk ds lk:k 2q;9;ogkj djus dh
lks$ gh ugha ldrkT vkt dks6; l)kt dk 2cko gS gh ughaT 9;fErok2
Lk;k tk jgk gST 3sls )sa oGHtuska dh lsok dk lks$k gh ughsa tk
ldrkT
D;k gS 4ldk fod1i " E;k 6l l)L;k dk gy oGH vkQ) gS. Hkkjrh; 2Fk;u )sa
oGHkoL:kk )sa 0fjokj )sa fuokl djus dk 0zko/kku :kk gh ughaT
oGHkoL:kk )sa oku0zL:k vkQ) r:kk ck2 )sa l1;kl xzg.k djus dh
9;oL:kk :khT g)kjs ^fKk )qfu tkurs :ks fd 6l voL:kk )sa 0fjokj ds
lk:k lR)ku 0#o;d thou ;k0u ugha fd;k tk ldrkT vrY ;g Hkkj l)kt 0j
*kyk x;k :kkT oku0zL:k vkQ) vkSj l1;kl vkQRk 0fjokj ls ckgj 0jks0dkj ds
119
fy3 3d foFkky Mks? [kksy 2srk gST g) l)kt d';k.k dh Hkkouk foL)Gr
dj 0fjokj ls f$0s jgus dkj.k gh oGHkQ) dh vksj d2) cX<k f23 gSaT ;g
rks gksuk gh :kkT okLro )sa 0jkfQr gksuk gh )j.k gST 9;fEr v0us dks
oGH )kurk gh rc gS tc og 0jkfQr gksrk gST v1;:kk oGH gksus dk dks6;
dkj.k ugha gST 0zflH lkfgR;dkj oG12kou yky o)k; )Gxu;uh @01;kl )sa
dgrs gSa V dk) djus okyk )jus ds dqL \.s 0#o; gh cq*DX<k
gksrk gST W
o?@ gS dkSu " E;k lkJ oKk; dh @)z dgus )k? ls dks6; oGH dgk tk
ldrk gST ;f2 dks6; 3slk )kurk gS rks og xyrh djrk gST 6lh Hkkjr
oKk; )sa yk[kks lkJ oKk; ls vf/kd @)z ds 9;fEr v0us dk;ks; dks
fujarj l5yrk0#o;d dj jgsa gST os v0us 0q? vkSj cgqvksa ds vkfQr
ugha gSaT dqL )k)ys )Sus 3sls 2s[ks gS ftl)sa ofjKJ ukxfjd gh
v0us ;qok 0q?ksa ds 0fjokj dk la$kyu dj jgs gSaT os dr6; 0jsFkku
ugha gSaT 0zflH lkfgR;dkj fo\k fuokl f)Q V0jR0jkca/ku ughW )sa dgrs
gSU V cqX<k0k W
kjhj dk @ruk /k); ugha gS ftruk )u dk W okLro )sa lsok
fuoGRRk gks tkus ds ck2 g) )u ls # tkrs gSa E;ksafd HkfoK; ds
fy3 g)kjk dks6 LoNu ugha gksrkT tc g) [kq2 #dj thou ls gkj
Lohdkj dj ysrs gS rc g)kjh dks6 @0;ksfxrk ughsa jgrhT tc g)kjh
dks6z @0;ksfxrk ugha gksxh rks lR)ku dSls f)ysxkT lR)ku )k-axus
ls ugha f)yrk og vfdt;r fd;k tkrk gST vrY oGHk vkQ) )sa 0zosFk djus
ds fy3 lks$uk gh )GR;q dks vk)a?.k 2sus tSlk gST
oGHkoL:kk gS vyadkj " oGHkoL:kk vuqHko okyh xfj)k dk uk) gST
tSls gh g) oGH gksrs gSa g)kjs vuqHko ds dkj.k g)kjs $sgjs 0j
vkR)foFoklU 2GX<lad'0 ds Hkko gksuk $kfg3T laLdGr dfo gs) fot;xuh
d:kk jRukdkj )sa dgrs gSa V jktkU )a?h U oS/kU r:kk l1;klh dks
oGHkoL:kk vyadGr djrh gST oSF;kU ;ksHkU xk;d 3oa lsod dks fo*fRcr
djrh gSW vc g)sa r; djuk gS fd g) dkSu gSaT ;f2 Hkjh tokuh dks
g)us foykl )sa xok;k gS rks oGHkoL:kk Hkh g)kjh 9;:k; gksxh vkSj
tokuh )sa g)us v0us d';k.k vkSj 0jks0dkj ds fy3 fo$kj fd;k rks
120
oGHkoL:kk Hkh gjh Hkjh ygygkrh gksxhT tgk-a vk-[k ca2 dj fo$kj
dhft3 fd 2sFk fo2sFk ds khKk;L:k 02ks 0j vkSj vkluksa 0j dkSu lR)kfur
gST os lc oGH f)ysaxsT dzkafr ;qod djsaxs ysfdu usrGRo t;0zdkFk
[kSls oGH djsaxsT )gkR)k xka/khU ckc# jkts12z 0zlk2 U t; 0zdkFk
ukjk;.k U jkt xks0kyk$k;;U lj2kj 0syU )2j sjslk
vy fcgkjh okt0s;h tSls fdrus gh uk) vk0dks L)j.k vkrs tk3xsaT E;k ;s
oGH gS. E;k 61gs oGHkoL:kk tkus ds fy3 dHkh fo$kj vk;k gksxkT
Hkkjr )sa tux.kuk (BB% ds vuqlkj 2sFk )sa vkJ yk[k< oGH 0qdKk ;k
)fgyk 3sls gS tks fc'dqy vdsys jgrs gST v:kk;r @uds lk:k
0q?"0q?hU 0fr"0Ruh dk Hkh lk:k ugha gST fc'dqy vdsys os
oGHkoL:kk tkus dk fo$kj gh ughsa djrsT
oGHkQ) gS E;k ." g)us vkSj ljdkj us oGHksa ds fuokl dks oGHkQ) uk) 2s
f2;k fd1rq E;k og vkQ) gS HkhT vkQ) ds v:k; E;k gS. vkQ) dk v:k;
gS dqf;kU cxh$hU ckxU fcgkjhU lk/kqHkouU xqddqyU )JT E;k oGHks
ds vkQ) )sa 3d Hkh 3slk xq.k gS ftl)sa @0ou dh lqxa/k gks ;k xqddqy
dk Zku 0zkNr fd;k tk ldsT vkQ) dks ysdj laLdGr ds foOku 0zks5slj
Hkksykuk:k k)k; Vxka/kh gH; fuca/k )sa fy[krs gS V ftl 0zdkj v1u
dh @R0fRr ds fy3 vk2;Fk cht Hk.*kjks dh vkoF;drk gksrh gS @lh
0zdkj )kuo fodkl ds fy3 QHkyq l1rksKkh 3oa 2GX<orh 9;fEr;ksa ds
vkQ) dh vkoF;drk gksrh gST W oGHkQ) )sa E;k ;g HkkoHk#f) f2[kk6;
2srh gST )gkR)k xka/kh vkQ) dks )af2j dgrs gSaT
okLro )sa g)kjs oGHkQ)ksa )sa vkQ) dk 3d Hkh xq.k ugha gST
v0uksa ls 0jsFkku fujkFk 2qY[kh rukoxzLr oGHksa dk t)ko*<k gS oGH
vkQ)U tgk-a thou dk @RlkgU @)axU vkua2 L# rd ugha x;k gST 3sls
oGH vkQ) )s lfR)fyr gksus dk v:k; gS )Fkku ds 2jokts [k*<s jgdj
)GR;q dk 61rtkj djukT )qIs jryk) oGH vkQRk tkus ds volj f)ysT jksjh
Eyc jryk) ds v/;Mk Qh vFkksd tSu o jksjh;u jktsFk +kkshdj ds lk:k 3d
f2u oGHkvkQ) )sa y*D*# ck-aus dk dk;;dz) :kkT ogk-a oGHksa
ls $$k; djus 0j 0rk $yk fd ogka 2ksuks l); $k;U ukFrkU Hkkstu dk
0zca/k gST )uskjatu ds fy3 3d sfyfotu j[kk x;k gST tgk- Hktu dh;ru
121
Hkh fd3 tk ldrs gST )qIs v>Lk yxkT oGHksa us crk;k fd cjlkr )sa Lr
ls 0kuh 0drk gS vkSj x)h; )sa 0s;ty dh dfJuk6; gksrh gST
ck@a*ghoky ugha gksus ls lqqjfMkr Hkh ugha gSaT 3d gky )sa %4
" %4 oGHksa ds 0ayx j[ks x3 gSaT )Sus Hkz).k dj 2s[kkT 9;oL:kk
gksus 0j Hkh oGHkoL:kk dk vkua2 ugha f2[kkT lkfgR;dkj ksElf0;j xyr
dgrs gs fd oGHkQ) 2qxus c$0u dh voL:kk gST )Sa rks Hkxoku ls
0zk:k;uk djrk g#-a fd dks6; oGHkoL:kk u tk3T oGHvkQ) l#us 0*<s
jgsT
fCj D;k gS fod1i " lcls v>Lk ;g gksxk fd oGHkoL:kk dks ch)kjh l)Ik
gh u tkosT tc rd gk:k 0Sj $ys 9;fEr d);jr jgsT tSlk fd 0#o; )sa
o.k;u fd;k x;k gS fd 6lh 2sFk )sa vkJ yk[k 9;fEr fcuk fdlh lgkjs ds
vdsys jg jgs gSaT os oGHkvkQ) )sa jg jgs 9;fEr;ksa ls vf/kd lq[kh gST
v0uksa dh ))rk gh g)sa cck;2 0jsFkku djrs gST g)sa @l )ksg dks
Lks*<uk 0*s<xkT 0fjokj )sa jgdj Hkh ;g )ksg gh g)sa 2qY[kh djrk
gST Hkxo2D xhrk tSls xz1:k dk ;gh la2sFk gST 6l la2sFk dks 2qfu;k
Hkj us lquk gST g)kjs 2sFk )sa g) gh ;f2 @ls u lqusaxs rks 2qY[kh
gksus ls g)sa dkSu c$k ldrk gST
D;k vdsyk jgk tk ldrk gSA" ;g 0zFu vdlj @Jk;k tkrk gS @ldk @Rrj gS
gk-aT vdsyk oGH vkylh ugha gksrk gST og v0uh df$ dk dk) dj 0zl1u
jgrk gST dk) dh dks6;z d)h ugha gS fd1rq os oGH ft1gksaus lkjh
tokuh dsoy v0us fy3 vkSj 0fjokj ds fy3 [k$; dhT os lks$ gh ugha ldrs
fd 2sFk vkSj l)kt ds fy3 dqL djus dk Hkh @Rlkg gksrk gST oGHkoL:kk
)sa vkua2 ds fy3 Hkh cgqr dqL fd;k tk ldrk gST
0zhu ;g Hkh fd;k tkrk gS fd f5j g)sa dkSu lRgkysxkT ch)kjh
)sa dkSu 2ok 0kuh 2sxk. ;g 3slk 0zFu gS tks crkrk gS fd g)s 6;Foj 0j
Hkjkslk ugha gST vk0 vdsys jgus dk lkgl dhft3 Hkxoku vk0dks
LkRgkysxkT g)kjk vuqHko ;g gS fd 2qfu;k vHkh fcx*<h ugha gST
g)kjs cg# css Hkys gh u $kgs fd1rq ;f2 g) vdsys jgus dk lkgl
djsaxs vkSj lcds d';k.k dh dk)uk djrs gq3 v0uh Mk)rk ds vuqlkj dk)
djsaxs rks g)kjs v*<kslh 0*<kslh )kSg'ys okys c*<s lR)ku ds
122
lk:k gj l); g)kjh )22 ds fy3 rS;kj jgsaxsT @RlkghU @)ax fy3 thus
okys oGHksa dk vkt Hkh lR)ku gST
lc dqL Hkxoku ds Hkjksls Lks*<dj dk;;jr gks tk63U Hkxoku vk0dh
lgk;rk djsxkT
vk0 ;g lkgl tqk3xs rks vk0ds v0us ft1gksus vk0ls fdukjk dj fy;k
:kkU :kks*s< f2u )sa k); [kk3xsaT 0jsFkku gksaxs vkSj $kgsaxs fd
vk0 @uds lk:k jgsaT os l)I Hkj tk3 fd vk0 @udh lgk;rk ds fcuk Hkh
th ldrs gST
9kklu d' lgk;rk " d';k.kdkjh jk[; )sa ;g foKk; fo$kj.kh; gS fd 3sls
vdsys jgsu okys oGHksa ds fy3 kklu E;k djs. kklu dks 3sls oGHks dks
LokL:k lqfo/kk3a 2suk $kfg3T lk:k gh @udh tku)ky dkh jMkk ds fy3
foFksKk 9;oL:kk djuh $kfg3T tks oGH vkf:k;d d0 ls d)tksj gS @1gsa
vkf:k;d lgk;rk Hkh 2suk $kfg3T tc 3slk vdsyk oGH fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls
furk1r vlgk; gks tk3 rc @ls vL0rky ;k oGH vkQ) )sa ys tk;k tk ldrk gST
;g lqIko Hkh fo$kj.kh; gS fd 3sls oGHksa dh $y v$y lR0fRr 0j
@uds c>$ksa ;k fjFrs2kjksa dk dks6; vf/kdkj u gks og kkldh;
lR0fRr +kksfKkr gks vkSj @ldk @0;ksx dsoy oGHksa ds fy3 fd;k tkosT
uotokuksa ls fuos.u " uotokuksa ds fy3 Hkh or;)ku 9;oL:kk 3d
$srkouh gST dy @1gsa Hkh oGH gksuk gST @ldh rS;kjh os vHkh ls
djsaT os vHkh ls dks6; 3slh gkch fodflr djsa tks oGHkoL:kk )sa
@uds l); 0zca/ku )sa lgk;d gksT os 2sFk o l)kt ds d';k.kdkjh dk;ks;
ds fy3 Hkh v0us dks rS;kj djsa rkfd oGHkoL:kk os vkua2 ls dk
ldsT ;f2 os ;qokoL:kk )sa rS;kjh djsaxs rHkh oGHkoL:kk vkua2 ls
xqtkjsaxsT 0fr"0Ruh vkSj c>$ksa ds Lok:k; gh ughaU 2sFk vkSj l)kt
ds foFkky dsuokl ds ckjs )sa Hkh lksf$3 rc vk0dks oGHkvkQ) dh ;k2
ugha vk3xhT vk0ds vk$j.k dk 0zHkko 0fjokj 0j Hkh 0*s<xkT tSlk vkt
cks3sxs oSlk gh rks vk0 dk ldsaxsT
""""""""""
123
0Mkhjkt tk;q ds la2sFk 0j /;ku 2hft3
u;k oKk; (BB= u6; vkFkk3a ysdj vk;k 0j 6l u6; vkFkkvksa ds
lk:k 3d Hk;kud [krjs ds fy3 Hkh ladsr 2s f2;kT 3d tuojh dh jkr )qac6;
ds t#gq MkS? )sa 2ks )fgykvksa ds lk:k 3d Hkh*< us jkMklh g)yk
fd;k @lls 3d Hk; 9;kNr gks x;kT )qac6; dHkh lksrk ugha gST 6l kgj
)sa jk?h )sa Hkh tkxj.k jgrk gS )fgyk3a Lora?rk ls vkrh tkrh gST 6l
kgj )sa 3slh \uk \ tkuk 3d 0zFu f$1g Lks*< x6;T ckr ;gha rd ddh
ughaT vxys gh dqL f2uksa )sa fo2sFkh 0;;dks ds lk:k vk6;
)fgykvksa ds Ls*<"Lk*<U khy HkaxU cykRdkj ds 0zdj.k 2sFk Hkj
ds l)k$kj 0?ksa )sa 0zdkfFkr gq3T ;g +kuk3a foFo )sa g)kjh c2uk)h
dk dkj.k gks ldrh gST g)kjs 2sFk dh laLdGfr 0j ;g 0zFuok$d f$1g gST
g) vfrf:k;ksa dks 2sork )kurs gST 2sorkvksa ds lk:k 3slk 9;ogkjT lc
gr0zHk ls gks jgs gST
6l fL:krh dks xaHkhjrk ls fy;k x;kT 2sFk dh )fgyk 3ao cky
foHkkx dh )a?h us jk[;ksa ds xGg )af?;kas dh cSJd cqyk6;T
124
)fgykvksa ds lk:k gks jgs 6l 9;ogkj ds fy3 fof/k )sa laFkks/ku djus
0zLrko 0zkNRk gq3 vkSj dJksj 2a* 2sus dh )k-ax gksus yxhT
;g l)L;k u6; ugha gST 2sFk )sa gh ugha 2qfu;k ds vusd
2sFkksa )sa 3sls v0jk/k l2k ls gksrs jgsa gS ysfdu @u v0jk/kksa dh 3d
lh)k jgrh jgh gST vkt 2sFk )sa )fgykvksa ds lk:k tks v0jk/k gks jgs
gSU os v0uh lh)k3a yk+ka jgsa gS vkSj vjktdrk ds d0 )sa @Hkj jgsa
gSaT 6lfy3 l)L;k u dsoy xRHkhj gS oju f$1rktud Hkh gS vkSj l)L;k ds
l)k/kku ds fy3 g)sa xgjk6; rd lks$ fo$kj djuk gksxkT
2sFk )sa +kfr v0jk/k " fo2sFkh )sg)kuksa dh ckr ugha gST g)kjh
v0uh )k-a"cguksa ds lk:k Hkh ;s ;kSu v0jk/k 0zfrf2u +kfr gks jgsa
gST luD (BB7 )sa 2sFk )sa +kfr +kukvksa ds tks vk-ad*<s
@0yC/k gSaU os *jkous gSaT vk63 3d 2GfK *kysaT
)fgykvksa dh ,(BB gR;k3U %ABBB cykRdkjU 84BB 2gst gR;k3U
,74BB khyHkax ds v0jk/kU 6u v0jk/kksa )sa lcls vkxs gSa g)kjs 2sFk
dh jkt/kkuh f2'yh )/;0z2sFk Hkh 0hLs ugha gST gj 3d +k.s )sa %=
)fgykvksa 0j vR;k$kj dh +kuk 2sFk )sa dgha u dgha +kfr gksrh
jgrh gST ;s os vkad*s gS tks 0qfyl :kkus )sa 0athdGr gq3 0j 3slh vusd
\uk3a gks ldrh gS tks 0qfyl :kkus )sa 2t; gh gq6; gh ughaT g)kjs
2sFk )sa ;g 3d lk)k1; ckr gST yksx 0qfyl LsFku 0j tkrs gh ughaT
6lds vusd dkj.k gST
dSls dSls v0jk/kh " ;s v0jk/k tks jkr f2u +kfr gks jgsa gSU 6l)sa
0X<s fy[ks vkSj vu0X<U xjhc vkSj l)01u lHkh lfR)fyr gSaT g) *kEj
vkSj )jht ds 0fo? foFoluh; laca/kks 0j fo$kj djsa fd1rq vktdy
)fgyk")jht ds lk:k *kEjks Okjk khyHkax ds 0zdj.k Hkh l)k$kj
0?ksa )sa 0zdkfFkr gks jgs gSaT fFkMkdks dk Lk?kvksa ds lk:k
Ls*<Lk*< U;kSu v0jk/k ds 0zdj.k lk)us vk jgs gST 6ruk gh ugha f0rk
0q?hU Hkk6; cguU llqj cg# vkf2 ds Okjk 6l 0zdkj dh \uk3a \fr gksrh
lquk6; 2s jgh gST )fgyk3a 0qfyl :kkuksa )sa Hkh lqjfMkr ugha
gST ;s E;k gks jgk gST foFokl dh ftl uhao 0j l)kt fdk gSUog gh f[kld
125
jgh gST 6ls vjktdrk u dgsaxs rks E;k dgsaxsT E;k g) 0zR;sd 0j la2sg
0#.k; 2GfK j[ksaxs rc rks thou ujd gks tk;sxkT
E;k gS dkj.k " 6lds dkj.kksa 0j Hkh cgqr f$1ru gqvkT vyx vyx
yksxks ds vyx vyx )r gSaT 2as[ks vusd 9;fEr;ksa ds 6l laca/k )as
E;k )r gST
%& dqL yksxks dh jk; gS fd )fgykvksa ds laca/k )sa tks dku#u gS
og y$j gST 2.* d) gST cykRdkj djus 0j )GR;q 2.* dk 0zko/kku
gksuk $kfg3T dku#u dks dJksj djus ls 6u v0jk/kksa )sa d)ha
vk3xhT
(& dqL yksx 0qfyl ds lqLr joS;s dks 2ksKkh )kurs gSaT @udk d:ku
gS fd 0qfyl 0zFkklu dh lqLrh ls yksx Hk;Hkhr ugha gksrsT 0qfyl
ltx u gks rks ;g v0jk/k \fr u gksaxsT
,& dqL yksxks dk )r gS fd vk/kqfud ;qofr;ksa dh osFkHk#Kkk
6ruh csXaxh gS fd os 0qdKkksa dks vk)?a.k 2srh f2[kk6;
2srh gS T 0qPKk 6ls 2s[k Hk*d @Jrs gS vkSj f5j v0jk/k +kfr
gks tkrk gS T
/& dqL yksx )kurs gS fd )fgykvksa dks vR;f/kd Lora?rk 2h x6;
gS T os @ldk 2qPNk;ksx djrh gS vkSj @udk 9;ogkj @>La[ky gks
jgk gS T dqL 0qPKk rks ;g Hkh dgrs gS fd vc ;qod gh ugha
;qofr;ka Hkh 0qPKkksa dks Ls*<rh gS T vktk2h dk 2ksuks vkSj
ls 2qPNk;ksx gks jgk gS T
4& dqL yksxksa us ;g )r Hkh 9;Er fd;k fd flus)k vkSj h&oh& 0j tks
lsEl vkSj [kqyk Hk2D2k0u 0jkslk tk jgk gS @ldk 0zHkko
;qod";qofr;ksa 0j 0*< jgk gS T
vk63 foos$u djs " @0jksEr )r vyx vyx oxks; us l)k$kj 0?ksa o
0f?dkvksa )sa 9;Er fd3 gST 6u lc fo$kjksa )sa v/k; lR; gS T vc
dku#u dks d*<k djus ls E;k gksxk . vHkh Hkh dku#u d*<k gS T
ltk dk 0zko/kku gSU 0j ltk gksrh dgk- gS . ltk ls c$us ds d6; jkLrs
[kkst fy3 tkrs gS T )qR;q 2.*< ds 0zko/kku d6; v0jk/kksa )sa gS f5j
Hkh os v0jk/k Pds ugha gS T
126
cykRdkj vkSj khy Hkax 0j )GR;q 2.* dk 0zko/kku fd;k tk3 T ;g
)kax tksj kksj ls dh tkrh gS T 3d cSJd )sa ;g $$k; $y jgh :kh rc
fdlh us 0#LkU V;f2 g)kjk csk gh cykRdkj ds 0zdj.k )sa 5alk gks rks
rc fdrus yksx @ls )GR;q 2.* 2sus 0j tksj 2sxs . ;g NkzFu 3slk gS ftl 0j
cSJd )sa l11kkk Lk x;k T lk)k1; PNk ls dJksj 2.* 2sus dh odkyr
djuk ljy gS fd1Rkq 9;ogkj txr )sa dJksj 2.* Hkh dk) ugha djrk T
tgk- rd 0qfyl 9;oL:kk dk 0zFu gS 3slh 9;oL:kk gks gh ugha ldrh
fd 0qfyl gj 9;fEr 0j utj j[k lds T ;g lRHko gh ugha gS T
tgk- rd )fgykvksa dh vk/kqfud osFkHk#Kkk dks 2ksKk 2sus dk
0zFu gS U;g rd; okLrfodrk ls dkslks 2#j gS T g)kjs lk)us tks vkad*s
vkSj r:; gS os ;g dgkuh dgrs gS fd Lksh Lksh ckfydkvksa ds lk:k
Hkh cykRdkj gqvk gS T os cs$kjh dgk- v/k;uSu 5SFku 0jLRk d0*<s
0guh gq6; jgrh gST d6; uxjksa )sa 0kxy Uch)kj vkSj v0kfgt
)fgykvksa ds lk:k cykRdkj gqvk gS Uos dgk- 5SFku djrh jgrh gST
g)kjs +kjksa )sa 0fjtu gh ;g v0jk/k dj jgs gST @l)sa dkSu ls dkj.k
gS .6lfy3 ;g fo$kj Hkz) gS fd vk/kqfud osFkHk#Kkk 0qPKkksa dks
@RRksf[kr djrh gS vkSj ;g v0jk/k +kfr gks tkrs gS T
;g lgh gS fd f5'Rk vkSj syhfotu )sa ftl rjg dk okrkoj.k cuk;k
gS @lls )fgykvksa ds 0zfr v0jk/kksa dks cX<kok f)yk gS T 0qfyl
vf/kdkjh rd 6l fL:kfr ds fy3 dqL g2 rd )hf*;k )as cX< jgh vFyhyrk
vkSj uSurk dks ftR)s2kj Jgjkrs gS T f5')ksa )sa vlk/kkj.k vkSj
dGf?) vFyhyrk ugha f2[kk6; tkuh $kfg3 T 6lls l)kt )sa )yhurk vkSj
v0jk/k cX< tkrs gST
d) @)z )sa tks fdFkksj [;k2k h&oh& 2s[krs gS U@udh lsEl
ft12xh @u fdFkksjksa dh v0sMkk oEr ds 0gys gh kqP gks tkrh gS tks
h&oh& ds lk)us d) oEr fcrkrs gS T ;g dguk gS )Sf*lu fL:kr
;qfuofl;h vk-5 foLdksuflu ds 0fCyd gs':k Ld#y dh *k& ljkg vFkcs
vkSj @uds lg;ksfx;ksa dk T %7 oKk; ls d) @)z ds /=B= y*<ds
y*<fd;ksa ds v/;;u ds ck2 fuKdKk; fudkyk x;k fd 6l)sa ls djhc rhu
127
$kS:kk6; y*<ds 'k*<fd;ksa us 0zfrf2u ;f2 2ks +k1s ;k 6lls vf/kd
h&oh&2s[kk rks os vxys lky ls lsEl 0zkjRHk dj 2sxs T
6lls ;g L0K gS fd lsEl @R0szjd ds PNk )sa 2qfu;k Hkj )sa h&oh&
dk )gRo0#.k; Hkkx gST
dk) okluk dk )gklkxj " Hkkjr )sa flus)k vkSj h&oh&us lsEl 0z2Fk;1k
dh lRkLr yM).k js[kkvksa dks rks*< f2;k gS T 0zs) ds uk) 0j dk)
okluk dks 0jkslk tk jgk gS T uSurk dks dyk dh vkoF;drk crkrs gq3
3sls 3sls 2GF; f5')k3 x3 gS fd 2s[k dj gh y[tk vk tk3 T Hkkjr )sa ukjh
dk PNk )krk dh rjg 0#[; gS T flus)k us )k- dks lalkj ds dksus ls gk
f2;k gS T r*<d Hk*d ds vkd;Kk.k ls 0#.k; 0zsf)dk ds PNk dks gh
L:kkf0r fd;k gS T vHkz2rk dh l)Lr lh)k3a # $qdh gS T ;g lc
Lora?rk ds uk) 0j fd;k tk jgk gST jktuhfrd 6>Lk kfEr ds vHkko )sa
6l Lora?rk dk 6l g2 rd 2qPNk;ksx gqvk gS fd )k- vk1h Hkh lsElh
dgh tkus yxh gST 6ldk 0fj.kk) ;g gS fd fdFkksj ;k ;qok gh ugha U
v/ks*< o oGH rd 5SFku dh 0zfr;ksfxrk )sa ;qod cu r*<d Hk*<d ds
lk:k lsElh f2[kk6; 2sus )sa vku12 0k jgs gST lkjk okrkoj.k dh
2#fKkr gks x;k gST tks 3slk ugha dj jgk og f0L*<k gS U0qjk.k 0a:kh
gS @l)sa ghurk 0S2k dh tk jgh gS T xy;5S.*< cukuk 5SFku gS ck;
5zS.* cukuk l); dh vkoF;drk gS ;f2 vk0 ;g ugha djr rks vk0 f0L*<s
gS T fdlh )kuoh; xq.k dh vkoF;drk ugha gS T foyklrk0#.k; jgu lgu gh
vk/kqfudrk dk cks/k djk jgk gS T 6l dk) okluk ds )gklkxj ls vk0 c$ x3
rks vk0 HkkS;Fkkyh gS T 6l dk)Hkko ds lRc1/k )sa os2 9;klth us
)gkHkkjr ds kkf1r0o; (4/b%", )sa dgk gSU V)uqK; dh f2;
Hk#f) )sa )ksg P0h cht ls @R01u gqvk 3d fof$? oGMk gS ftldk uk) gS
dk)T dksz/k vkSj vfHk;ku @lds )gku Ld1/k gS T dqL djus dh 6>Lk
@l)sa ty lha$us dk 0k? gS T vZku @ldh t*< gS T 0z)k2 gh @ls
lha$us okyk ty gS T 2#ljs ds 2ksKk 2s[kuk @l oGMk dk 0RRkk gS
r:kk 0#o; t1) )sa fd3 0k0 @lds lkj Hkkx gS kksd @ldh kk[kk U)ksg
vkSj f$1rk3a *kfy;k 3oa Hk; @ldk vadqj gS T )ksg )sa *kyus okyh
rGK.kk P0h yrk3a @l)sa fy0h gSTW
128
vc crk63 6l dk) okluk ds 6l tatky ls dks6; dSls L#s T f5j
Lora?rk ds uk) 0j lc dqL djus dh [kqyh L# f)yh gks rks fdlh dks
E;k 2ksKk 2s T
g)kjs 2sFk )sa $fj? dh )fg)k xk6; tkrh :kh T $fj? dk lR)ku
:kk T g)kjs 2sFk )sa @0jh r*<d Hk*<d dk vkd;Kk.k ugha :kk T
2th; U$);dkj vkSj uk6; g)kjs 9;fErRo dks ugha cukrs :ks Ug)sa
9;fErRo 0z2ku djuk :kk Ug)kjk $fj? T Lok)h foosdk1k12 us 6lhfy3
dgk gS U V;k2 j[kks fd u rks /ku dk )#'; gS Uu uk) dk Uu ;Fk dk Uu fo\
k dk Udsoy $fj? gh dfJuk6; P0h 0R:kj dh 2hokjksa )sa Ls2 dj ldrk gS
TW
6l $fj? 0j g) or;)ku )sa /;ku ugha 2s jgs gS T $fj? g)kjs
)kuuh; xq.kksa 0j vk/kkfjr gksrk gST
dgk- gS g)kjk l)kt " Hkkjr )as l)kt dh $sruk dk c*<k )gRo :kk T
vkt fdlh csh ;k )k- ds lk:k Ls*<[kkuh gksrh gS UcykRdkj gksrk
gS Uv0gj.k gksrk gS rks dks6z; dqL ugha cksyrk T 2Fk;d cgqr gksrs
gS lks$rs gSUV dkSu 5s )asa 0Sj 2s TW v0uk E;k gS .dqL yksx
)q-g 5sj ysrs gS T g)us 2s[kk gh ugha ukjh dh $h[k g)us lquh gh
ugha T 0qfyl dh lgk;rk ds fy3 dks6; vkrk gh ugha T g)kjh laLdGfr
)sa ;g ugha :kk T 0gys l)kt dk *j :kk T ;qod v0us )krk"f0rk dh
);k;2k ls *jrk :kk T 0*kSLkh ds lk)us Hkh vHk2z 9;ogkj ugha dj
ldrk :kk T tks ;qod 3sls fdlh dGR; )sa lfR)fyr gksrs :ks T @udks l)kt
dk f/kEdkj f)yrk :kk T @uds )krk "f0rk l)kt ds lk)us vkus )sa
k)k;rs :ks T rc fdlh )fgyk ds lk:k Ls*Lk*< ;k vHk2z 9;ogkj djus
)sa Hk; jgrk :kk T vkt g) 2s[krs gq3 Hkh ugha 2s[krs Ulqurs gq3 Hkh
ugha lqurs vkSj dgrs gS v0us dks vk/kqfud T
vk63 ;k2 djs 3d f):kd d:kk dks " Hkxoku jk) dh d:kk dks g) lc tkurs
gS T jk)k;.k )sa 3d 0k? gS tk;q T ;g tk;q NkMkh jkt gS ou )sa jgrk
gS jko.k us tc )krk lhrk dk v0gj.k fd;k rks )krk lhrk dh $h[k 0qdkj dks
NkMkh jkt tk;q us lquk T tk;q dk Hkxoku jk) ls dks6z; lRc1/k ugha
:kk T )krk lhrk ds v0gj.k dks @f$r u )ku 0gys tk;q jko.k dks l)Ik;k
129
T tc jko.k ugha )kuk rc @lls ;qH y*<k T jko.k cyoku :kk UFkL? :ks
@lds 0kl Utk;q ds 0kl kL? ugha :ks T gkj dh 0zcy lRHkkouk :kh f5j
Hkh tk;q us gkj ugha )kuh T th tku ls y*<k U+kk;y gks x;k Uvlgk;
gks x;k rc jko.k ys tk ldk lhrk dks T
jk)k;.k 0X< yhft3 T )krk lhrk tkurh :kh 6l ;qO dk 0fj.kk) )krk
lhrk us tk;q ls ugha dgk ;qH ds fy3 Udsoy ;g dgk fd Hkxoku jk) dks
crk 2suk fd @ldk v0gj.k jko.k us fd;k gS fd1rq tk;q us 6ls /k);
l)Ik T dSls dks6; vlgk; )fgyk dks cy0#o;d ys tk ldrk gS v0us 0zk.k
R;kx f23 tk;q us ysfdu 3d fo$kj 2s f2;k jk)k;.k )sa Udr;9; dk cks/k
djk f23 tk;q us T
tk;q dh +kuk 3d fo$kj gST 3d 0zsjd l12sFk gST ;g l12sFk vkt
Hkh rktk gS T ;g vkt Hkh 0zsjd gS ;f2 g) kklu U0zFkklu vkSj dku#u
dks dksl dj v0us ukxfjd dr;9; dh 6frQh )kusxs rks )fgykvksa 0j gksus
okys v0jk/k g) jksd ugha Nkk3xs T
)gkR)k xka/kh vfgalk ds 0qtkjh :ks T fgalk ds foKk; )sa lks$
gh ugha ldrs :ks fd1rq 3d ckj dqL Lk?kvksa us @uls 0#Lk fd ;f2
dks6; @uls Ls*<Lk* djs U khy Hkax djus dk 0z;Ru djs rks dkSu lk
vfgald )kx; v0uk3 T )gkR)k xka/kh dk @RRkj :kk fd ;f2 rqRgkjs 0kl
$kd# gks rks $kd# Hkksd 2ksU rqRgkjs fy3 ;gh vfgalk gS T
6lfy3 L?h ds khy dh jMkk dk 2kf;Ro L?h dk Hkh gS vkSj 0qPKk
dk Hkh T 6l 2kf;Ro ls dks6; c$ ugha ldrk T jktL:kkuh ds 3d vZkr dfo
us tks dgk @ls Hkh lqfu3 T
+kj tkrka0 U+k) 0yrkaU f?;k 0*<rka rko
rhu# f2u )j.k jkU dgka jad dgk jko
v:kk;rD VVtc v0uh Hk#f) tk jgh gks Utc /k); 0y jgk gks Utc
ukjh 0j lad 0*< jgk gks U;s rhuksa f2u lcds fy3 )jus ds 0zk.k 2sus
ds f2u gS U$kgs jad gks ;k jktk T WW
;s ogh tk;q dk fo$kj o l12sFk gS T g) 6ls Hk#ydj )fgykvksa
ds 0zfr v0us 2kf;Ro dks 0#.k; ugha dj 0k3axs vkSj ftl f2u g) 6l fo$kj
dks Lohdkj dj ysxs rc )fgykvksa ds 0zfr v0jk/k dk 0zFu gha ugah gS T
130
ukjh ds PNk )sa g)kjh )k-"cgu UHkkHkh U0Ruh gh ugha gST fdlh
Hkh )fgyk ds lk:k ;f2 vR;k$kj"2qjk$kj gksrk gS rks g)kjk [k#u
[kksy tkuk $kfg3 rHkh g) dg ldsxs fd g)us ukjh )k? dk lR)ku fd;k
gS T
""""""""""""""
ftls ft12k jguk gS @ls cl $kfg3 fdrkc
0qLrdsa Zku dk L:kk;h Hk.*kj rks gS ghU os c>>kks dks
v>Ls fo$kj vkSj laLdkj Hkh 2srh gS 0qLrds g)kjh d)tksfj;ksa
vkSj cqjk6;;ksa dks lq+kkjus ds fy3 )kx;2Kk;d vkSj f)? dk
dk) djrh gST 0qLrdks dk @0gkj 0zsjd fo$kj dk @0gkj gST
6lfy3 0qLrdks ds cxh$s )sa 0zosKk dhft3 vkSj @1gs )gdk6;sT
;g lcls lLrk Ulq12j vkSj L:kk;h vk/kkj gS vkxs cX<0s dk T
vktdy 0qLrds 0X<us ds fy3 fdlh ds 0kl l); ugha gST 6ls
]kkSd cukdj fuj1rj tkjh j[kus dk rks 0zKu gh ugah gST oSls
Hkh HkkjroFk; )s alkMkjrk dk 0zfrKkr 6ruk d) gS fd 0qLrds
0X<us dk $Ldk yxkuk 9;:k; l)Ik tkrk gST g)kjs ;qok Hkh
foKofo\ky; dh 0kJD; 0qLrds 0X< ysus )k? )sa Pf$ j[krs gST
0X<s fy[ks 9;fEr Hkh l); dh d)h crk dj 0qLrd u 0Xus dk
cgkuk [kkst ysrs gST 0fj.kk) ;g gS fd 6rus foKkky 2sKk )sa
0qLrd 0zdkKku 9;olk; vkt Hkh cky 9;oL:kk )sa +kqus ds cy
131
$y jgk gST f5j tc ls WW 2#j2Kk;u WW dk foLrkj gqvk gS +kjksa
)sa 0qLrdks ds 2#j ls 2Kk;u gksuk Hkh 2qy;Hk gks x;k gS
T
E;k g) l$)q$ 6rus 9;Lr gS fd 0qLrdksa dks 0X1ks dk
g)sa l); ugha f)yrk gSST 6l 0zKu 0j fo$kj djrs gq3 ;k2 vkrh
gST g)kjs 0#o; foRr )a?h )/kq 2.*ors dh T @uls tc 0#Lk
x;k fd WW 6ruh 9;Lrrk ds ckot#2 vk0 0Xus dk oEr fudky ysrs
gS. 2.*ors us @Rrj f2;k WW ftlds 0kl thus ds fy;s oEr gSU
@lds 0kl gj $ht dk jl ysus ds fy3 oEr gST lkfgR; ds vykok
0safax )sa Hkh )sjh Pf$ gST WW g) d'0uk dj ldrs gS fd Hkkjr
ds foRr )a?h ds 0kl lkfgR; 0Xus ds fy3 l); fudkyuk fdruk
dfJu gksxkU fd1rq tgk- $kg gS U ogk- jkg gST
3slk ugha fd ;g dsoy 3d @2kgj.k gST v)sfjdk ds 0#o;
jkFg0fr jksuk'* jhxu us 0Xus ds ckjs )sa dgk gS WW )Sa
thou Hkj rx*k 0kJd jgk g#- " @u 0qLrdksa ds uk) )sjs
tsgu )sa vkrs gS vkSj )S a@udh vkSj 0y dj 2s[krk g#- rks
yxrk gS fd @1gksus cqjk6; 0j v>Lk6; dh 3d 2GX vkL:kk
)qI)sa 0S2k dh gST WW
WW )Sus v0us c>>kksa dks @l vkua2 ls voxr djkus dk
0z;Ru fd;k tks 0Xus )sa f)yrk gST oLrqrY vk0ds 0kl dks6;
v>Lh 0qLrd gks rks vk0 dHkh vdsys0u dk vuqHko ugha dj
ldrsT )sjs fy3 ;1?.kk dk v:k; gksxk 0#jh jkr fdlh 3sls d)js
)sa jgukU ftl)sa 3d Hkh 0qLrd uk gks T
6u 2ks @Oj.kksa ls flH gksrk gS fd 9;fEr fdruk Hkh
9;LRk gks U v0us d';k.k vkSj vku12 ds fy3 0qLrd 0Xus dk l);
fudky ysrk gST l); dh l)L;k @ruh ugha gS ftruh Pf$ dh T
Pf$ Hkh vkf:k;d dkj.kksa dh 2kl ugha jg ldrhT ;f2 g)
tku ys fd 0qLrdksa dk lalkj u dsoy )uksjatd gS ojuD Zku ds
lk:k f$1ruU )uu djus dh 0zsj.kk Hkh 2srk gST 6ruk gh
ugha U g)kjs 2Sfud thou dh l)L;kvksa ds gy ds fy3 0qLrds
g)kjs f)? vkSj )kx;2Kk;d dh Hk#f)dk fuHkkrh gST 0qLrds
fl5; @01;kl
dgkuh ugha gST os 2Kk;u U 0zca/k U9;ogkj uhfr Hkh v0us
vk0 )sa l)ss gST 6lfy3 0qLrdksa ds lalkj )sa 0zosKk djus dk
v:k; gS f$1rk U 0jsKkkuh 2qY[kU 0h*k vkSj ruko ls )qfEr T
132
cl djuk 6ruk gS fd yk[kks oFk; ds vuqHko ls 0zkNr Zku ds
Hk.*kj ls v0uh lRkL;k ls lRcH 0qLrd fudky yh tk;T 3)ks
czklu 3ydk us l$ dgk gS WW v>Lh 0qLrd og gS tks vkKkk ls
[kksyh tk; vkSj ykHk ls ca2 dh tk;T WW foOku dkjyk6y ds
vuqlkj WW )kuo tkfr us tks dqL fd;k U lks$k vkSj 0k;k og
0qLrdksa ds tk2# Hkjs 0GFJksa )sa lqjfMkr gST
0qLrdksa ds v/;;u ls vkf:k;d dF dHkh vk*s ugah vk
ldrkT g) Lokxr lRdkj )sa vkt ftruk [k$; djrs gSU @l)sa vusd
0qLrds _; dh tk ldrh gST g) v0uh vk2rks a0j 0zfrf2u tks [k$;
djrs gS @lls 0zfrf2u 3d 0qLrd rks _; dh tk ldrh gSa g)kjs 3d
f)? gS gfjKkadj f)Q U @udh 0Ruh us @1gs 2kS lks P0;s d0*s
[kjh2us dks f2;sT os d0*s _; djus dh ctk; 0qLrds [kjh2 yk;sT
@udh 0R1kh cgqr ukjkt gq6;T os cksys WW )kSl) rks gj oFk;
3sls gh vkrk gS fudy tkrk gST d0*ks ds fcuk Hkh dk) $y jgk
gS T ;g Zku Hk.*kj dSLks Lks* 2srk T )Saa d0*ksa dh
fKkdk;r ughaa dPaxkT WW @1gs 2s[kuk U @uds lk:k l);
fcrkuk 3d vk1k12 :kkT 0qLrdksa 0j fd;k x;k [k$; L:kk;h
vku12 2srk gST 6lfy3 0zflH lkfgR;dkj tkt; cuk*; ]kk us dgkU
QsFJ 0qLrdks dk v/;;u lcls d) [k$h;yk )uksjatu gS vkSj og
L:kk;h gksrk gST
0zR;sd c*s ]kgj vkSj dLCks )sa d6; lko;tfud 0qLrdky;
@0yC/k gSU tgk- uk) )k? ]kq'd ds 0j dks6; Hkh l2L; cu
ldrk gST ;g Hkh 3d ljy @0k; gS 6ruk gh ugha Lkss xzk)ksa
)sa xzk) 0a$k;r )q[;y;ksa 0j ]kklu us xzk) 0a$k;rks a)sa
0qLrs 0Xus ds fy3 2h gS ft1gs fuYKkq'd f2;k tkrk gS fd1rq
@1gs 0Xus okyk dks6; ugah T
3d ckj ;f2 g))sa 0qLrds 0Xus )sa Pf$ tkxzr gks tk; rks
f5j vku12 2sus okyh 0qLrdsa g) _; djds j[kuk gh 0l12 djrs
gST E;ksfd @uls g)sKkk g)kjk )kx;2Kk;u gksrk jgrk gST
@1gs ckj ckj 0Xk tkuk vkoK;d gST v0us fuokl 0j 3d Lksk lk
0qLrdky; gksuk 3d lqfKkfMkr vkSj fKkF l)kt dh vfuok;;rk cu
tkrh gST jfLdu us Jhd dgk gSU WW ;f2 dks6; 0qLrd a0Xus
;ksS; gS rks og [kjh2us ds ;ksS; Hkh gST WW 0qLrd 0Xus dh
vk2r dk lcls c*<k ykHk ;g gS fd g) v0uh xyfr;ksa
d)tksfj;ksa vkSj cqjk6;ksa dks tkuus l)Ius okys gST lk)k1;
P0 ls g)kjs f)? ;k ]kqHkf$1rd 6udk @'ys[k g)kjs lk)us
133
ugha djrs vkSj g)kjh d)tksfj;ksa [;ksa fd R;ksa cuh jgrh
gST )ku ys fd crkus ds fy3 dks6; f)y tk; rks )kuo
)uksfoZku dgrk gS fd g) @1gs Lohdkj ughaa djsaxs ojuD
rd; 2sus yxsxs fdlh 0qLrd ds )uu djrs l); ;f2 g)sa yxs fd ;s
d)tksfj;k- g)kjs v12j gS rks g) Lohdkj dj ysrs gST
laHkkouk gS fd g) lq/kkj djsa E;ksfd rd; ;k fook2 ds fy3
dks6; lk)us ugha gksrkT og g)kjk v0uk fu.k;; gksrk gST
6lfy3 lq/kkj v0us vk0 g)kjs thou )sa vkrk gST
0qLrdksa dks @0gkj )sa 2suk v0us vk0 )sa 3d vku12 gST
E;ksfd tc g) fdlh dks v>Lk lkfgR; @0gkj )sa 2srs gS rc 3d
fo$kj dh 0zsj.kk 2srs gST L:kk;h lk/ku 2srs gST g)kjs 2sKk
)s 0qLrds lcls d) @0gkj )sa 2h tkrh gS vkSj 6ldh 0jR0jk vHkh
vk) ugha gq6; gS T fo$kj ;k 0zsj.kk 2sus dk 6lls lLrk vkSj
L:kk;h lk/ku 2qfu;k )s vkSj dks6; ugha gST 6lfy3 c#ch us
Jhd gh dgk gS WW og )qIs lq12j @0gkj 2srk gS tks )qIs
v0#o; fo$kj 2srk gS TWW
0qLrdks dks 0Xus dk ykHk vk0dks tks f)yrk gSog rks gS
gh fd1rq 6lds tks laLdkj c>>kksa dks f)yrs gSU os vu)ksy
gST @ldh rks d'0uk gh ugha tk ldrhT g)kjs 3d f)? gS Wd W
0qLrd 0Xus ds fy3 l2k rR0j jgrs gST @uds 0kl 3d 0qLrdky; Hkh
gST @uds 2ks c>$s 6athfu;j vkSj 0q?h *k-Ej gST )Sus
lgt dh @uls 3d f2u 0zKu fd;k WW vk0dh l5yrk dk jgL; E;k gS .
WW os galus yxs f5j cksysU WW Hkk6; )Sa rks dyk Lukrd
g#-T )Sus foZku 0Xk ughaU 6lfy3 )sjs Okjk c>>kksa dks
)kx;2Kk;1k 2sus dk 0zKu gh ugah gS T gk- )S 0zkjaaHk ls
gh 0k-$ +kas 0zfrf2u 0qLrd 0Xus )sa yxk jgk g#-T )qIs
2s[k )sjs c>$s Hkh 0Xus )sa Pf$ ysus yxs vSkj /khjs /khjs
@udh vk2r cu x;hT os l2k 0z:k) Qs.kh ds vad 0krs jgsT WW u
@1gs *kuk 0*k vkSj u @u 0j /;ku 2suk 0*k T os 6l vk2r dk
ykHk @Jk jgs gST
d W l$ dgrs gS T lkfgR; dk yxko 3d ckj yx x;k rks @ldk
0zokg fdlh Hkh f2Kkk )sa gks ldrk gST W dW ds ;gk- jkt0f?r
vf/kdkjh gksus ds ck2 Hkh 2#j2Kk;u ugha gST os dgrs gS
WW 6ls 2s[kus ds fy3 )sjs 0kl l); ugha gS vkSj c>>ks Hkh 6ldk
vkxzg ugha djrs WW
134
vkt tc fKkMkky;kas )sa v/;;u dh Pf$ d) gks jgh gS vkSj
vfHkHkkodksa ds lk)us c>>ks l)L;k cudj [k*s gks jgs gSU
rc v>Ls laLdkj ds 6l lad0#.k; l); )sa 0qLrd 0Xus dh vk2r
)Kkky cudj g)sa dfJuk6;;ksa vkSj l5yrk ls c>kk ldrh gST
vjch )s a3d dgkor gS WW 0qLrd tsc )sa j[kk gqvk 3d
cxh$k gST WW 0qLrdks ads 6l lalkj )sa tgk- xqykc ds 0qF0
f[kyrs gSU ogk- dk-s Hkh gST 0qLrdks ads $;u )sa g)sa
voK; lrd;rk cjruh gksxh E;ksfd cqjh 0qLRkds vkt cktkj )sa
Hkjh 0*h gST os lLrh Hkh gS vkSj vkd;Fkd Hkh T 0qLrdska
ds lalkj )sa 0zosKk djrs gq3 vk0dks v0us +kj )sa 0y jgs
c>>kksa ds fodkl 0j Hkh /;ku 2suk gksxkT 3d ckj vk0 lkfgR;
dk vku12 @Jk yhft3 f5j dks6; [krjk ugah T vk0ds @2kl
$sgjs 0j vku12 dh 3d xqykch ykyh gksxh gj l)L;k dk l)k/kku
vk0ds lk)us gksxkT cl 61rtkj gS 0qLrd uxjh )sa j[kus dk T
"""""""""""
135
3d l12sFk fL0k gS fHk[kkjh cuus )sa
vk63 lcls 0gys 3d $qdqys dk vku12 fy;k tk3 T ckr gS
3d ;k?k dh T 3d 9;fEr gsu )sa Hkh[k )kax jgk :kk T 3d
;k?h us fHk[kkjh dks /;ku ls 2s[kk vkSj 0#Lk U WW vk0us
rks 3d 0qLrd fy[kh gS W y[k0fr cuus ds lkS rjhds W
fHk[kkjh cksyk W vk0us Jhd 0g$kuk U @u lkS rjhdksa )sa
3d ;g Hkh gS W
;g ckr 0qjkuh gks x6; T vc y[k0fr cuuk rks lk)k1; ckr gS
T vc rks kk;2 g) Hkh[k )kaxdj djks*<0fr cuus dh d:kk
lquuk $kgsxs T 3sls vusd l)k$kj 0zdkfFkr gksrs jgrs gS
ftl)sa vd#r lR0fr ds )kfyd fHk[kkjh gksrs gS 0j @1gs ;g
tkudkjh ugha gksrh fd os okLro )sa 6l lR0fr ds )kfyd gS
vkSj )kSr @1gs vk +ksjrh gS T fd1rq vc rks ;g 3d @>$
dksf dk 9;olk; cu x;k gS ftl)sa fHk[kkjh tkurk gS fd og
yk[kksa dh lR0fr dk )kfyd gS f5j Hkh og Hkh[k )k-axrk gS
T 3d fHk[kkjh ds lRca/k )sa 0X<k :kk fd og 3d foFksKk Mks?
)sa U 3d foFksKk l); )sa Hkh[k )k--xrk gS vkSj ck2 )sa
v0us fuokl 0j Luku vkf2 ls fuoGr gks v0uh dkj ls lSj l0kk djrk
gS T gS uk v>Lk 9;olk; T
vk0 kk;2 6l 0j foFokl u djsa rks )sjs lk)us 3d rktk l)k$kj
0? 0*<k gS 6l)sa gS 3d l)k$kj ftls NkX< dj vk0 Hkh vku12
ys ldrs gS T
.ks edkuksa dk ekfyd gS vge.kck. dk f2k[kkj'
cX<rh )gaxk6; ds 2kSj )sa tgk- vk) vk2)h dks
3d"3d 0SLkk c$kuk )qfFdy gks jgk gS U ogh vg)2kck2 )s
3d 3slk fHk[kkjh gS tks 2ks )dkuksa dk )kfyd gSU ogha 3d
v1; fHk[kkjh dk csk gksLy )sa jg dj NkX<k6; dj jgk gS
T ;gk- ds 0z[;kr Hk2zdkyh )f12j ds l)h0 Hkh[k )k-xus
okys Hkk.kth Hkk6; W /k1uk lsJ W fdL) ds fHk[kkjh gS T
@uds 0kl vg)2kck2 ds @0uxj ds PNk )sa fodflr gks jgs
ykaHkk xkao )sa v0us 2ks )dku gST Hkk.kth Hkk6; dk
dguk gS WW Hkh[k ls )sjk 0s gh ugha 0yrk Ucf'd 6lds lgkjs
)Sa v0uh 2ks csf;kas dh kk2h Hkh dj $qdk g#- T vc )Sa
f$1rk )qEr thou xqtkj jgk g-# T VV
dfg3 gS uk y[k0fr Udjks*<0fr cuus dk )kx;U Hkh[k
)kaxuk T vc dks6; fHk[kkjh Hkh[k )kaxrk f2[kk6; 2s rks
136
@ls /;ku ls 2s[kuk T gks ldrk gS og Hkh[k )k-x dj 3d? /ku
ls C;kt dk /k1/kk $yk jgk gks T
)sjk vuqHko " )Sa 3d @0[k.* dk 3l&*h&vks& :kk T 3d cSJd
$y jgh :kh rHkh 3d fHk[kkjh vk;k vkSj vkokt yxkdj Hkh[k
)k-xus yxk T cSJd )sa cSJk 3d lc 6aftfu;j @Jdj x;k vkSj
fHk[kkjh dks *k-us yxk T @lus dgk W Hkh[k )k-xus ds
fy3 )sjk gh vk-f5l f)yk T ;gk- )r vk;k djks V
tkudkjh ysus 0j 0rk $yk fd os fHk[kkjh 2sork 6l lc
6aftfu;j ds f0rk :ks T f0rk us tks tokc f2;k og lqu yhft3 T
@lus dgkU W ;g )sjk 9;olk; gS 6l)sa k); dSlh T rq) v0uk
dk) djks V
)qIs crk;k x;k fd @l Mks? dh 3d 0zfrfKJr tkfr dk ;g thou
;k0u dk )q[; lk/ku gS T lR01urk ogk- 6l rjg uk0h tkrh gS fd
fdl 0fjokj dh fdruh Iksyh Hkh[k )k-xus ds fy3 Iksyk +
kj ls fudyrh gS T @1gs 6ldk xo; gksrk gS T k); dk rks 0zFu
gh ugha gS T
L)j.k lR;ukjk;.k d:kk dk " vk0us yhykorh dykorh dh
lR;ukjk;.k d:kk lquh gksxh T @l d:kk ds 2#ljs v/;k; )sa 3d
2fj2z czkRg.k dh d:kk vkrh gST og fHkMkk )k-x dj v0uk 0s
c*<h )qfFdy ls 0kyrk :kk T d:kk dgrh gS fd Hkxoku us @ls
lR;ukjk;.k ozr d:kk ds fof/k fo/kku dks l)Ik dj ;g ozr /kkj.k
djus dks dgk T @l 2fj2z czkRg.k us lad'0 fy;k vkSj 2#ljs f2u
@ldh Hkh[k 2qxquh gks x6; T og /k1; /kk1; ls 0#.k; gks
x;k T QHk U foFokl ls fd3 x3 lad'0 0#.k; gksrs gS T
Ck*<h dfJu jkg gS ;g " fHk[kkjh dk 9;olk; lR01urk 2s ldrk
gS U 6l)sa kd djus dk dks6; dkj.k ugaha gS E;ksfd ;g
9;olk; ljy ugha gS T d'0uk dhft3 fdlh ds vkxs gk:k 0lkj dj
dqL )k-xus dh T fgRRkr gh ugha gksxh T Hk;Hkhr )u
dgsxk U 61dkj dj f2;k rks c*<k v0)ku gksxk T 0gys gh
61dkj ls fujkFkk vk tk3xh T fgR)r gkj tk;sxs g) T dsoy d'0uk
dhft3 T d'0uk djus )sa gh *j yxsxk T ;g 9;olk; c*<s lkgl dk
gS T lc dqL Hk#y dj fdlh ds vkxs gk:k 0lkjuk 0gyk $j.k gST
g)sa )ku v0)ku L)j.k gh ugha jg ldrk T
NkfjQ) gh 0fjQ) " 6l 9;olk; )as 0fjQ) gh 0fjQ) gS T dks6; vk0dks
vk0dh Iksyh )sa vk2j lfgr 2sus okyk ugha gS T Hkduk
0*<rk gS f2u jkrU vkFkk dk 2h0 fy3 T kk;2 vc dqL f)ys T f2u
137
jkr 0fjQ) ds ck2 dks6; 3d v>Lk fHk[kkjh curk gS T fHk[kkjh
cuuk ljy ugha gS vkSj tc vk0 v:kd 0fjQ) djrs gS rks 5y rks
f)ysxk ghT fo$kjd d#uhfrZ $k.kE; dgrs gS W )sgur 3slh
lqugjh $kch gS tks HkkS; ds Okj [kksy 2srh gS V dk;;
dks6; Hkh gks 0fjQ) dk 5y rks f)yrk gh gS T
/kS;; /kkj.k djuk " v>Ls fHk[kkjh ds xq.kksa )sa /kS;;
/kkj.k djus dh vkoF;drk jgrh gS T fHk[kkjh /kS;; /kkj.k dj
fuj1rj Hkh[k )k-xrk gS T )k-xrk gh jgrk gST 2s @ldk Hkh
Hkyk U u 2s @ldk Hkh Hkyk T ;g rks 3d r0L;k gS tks fuj1rj
$yrh gS rc tkdj dqL 0fj.kk) vkrs gST
)uksfoZku dk Zku " gj l5'k fHk[kkjh )uksfoZkuh gksrk
gST og fdlls Hkh[k )k-xuk U dc Hkh[k )k-xuk U dSLks
Hkh[k )k-xuk ;g lc tkurk gS T og tkurk gS W 2sus okyk Qh
Hkxoku V fdruk c*<k lR; gS ;g T fHk[kkjh vk; dh 2GfK ls u
dsoy l); r; djrk gS U Mks? Hkh r; djrk gS T og tkurk gS fd
lR01u Mks?ksa ds jgoklh v>Lk W 2ku V 2s ldrs gS 6lfy3 og
Iks0*<"0Dh )sa f2[kk6; gh ugha 2srk T
)f12jksa U )fLt2ksa U xqPOkjksa ds vkl0kl vk0dks X<sj ls
fHk[kkjh f)ysxs T os tkurs gS fd ;gk- /k); HkhP turk dk
vkx)u gksrk gS T 6l 2qfu;k )sa vkt tks jktk gS og dy jad cu
ldrk gS T 0fjor;u 2qfu;k dk fu;) gS gj jktk jad cuus ls *jrk
gS T 6lfy3 fHk[kkjh dks :kks*<k lk W 2ku V 2sdj 0q.; d)kuk
$kgrk gS T 3d vZkr dfo us tks dgk @l 0j /;ku 2hft3 T
fHkMkqdk uSo fHkMkf1r cks/k;f1r xGgs xgs T
2h;rka 2h;rka yksdk v2krq 5y)h 2D2Fk) TT
v:kk;rD W fHkMkqd yksx fHkMkk ugha )k-xrs U os rks +kj +
kj ;g fFkMkk 2srs gS fd 2ku djks U 2ku djks U 2ku ugha djus
okys dk 5y 6l 0zdkj gksrk gS T gj fHk[kkjh jktk cuus ds LoNu
2s[krk gS T 6lfy3 d*<h )sgur djrk gS T fcuk vk2)h dk
)uksfoZku tkus fHk[kkjh l5y gks gh ugha ldrk T
vgadkj dk R;kx " fHk[kkjh lcls 0gys vgadkj dk R;kx djrk gS
T @lds fy3 )ku v0)ku dqL ugha gS T og 2sus okys dks
3sls 3sls vkFkh;ok2 2srk gS fd 3d PNk;k 2sus okyk 0$kl gtkj dk
)kfyd cu tk3 T
138
fHk[kkjh 9;olk; dh l5yrk ds fy3 tks xq.k vkoF;d gS U
@udk laMks0 )sa o.k;u g)us fd;k T ;gk- ;g 0zFu @Jrk gS fd
6ldh E;k vkoF;drk :kh T E;k ;g 9;olk; Hkh lR)kfur gS T
0zFu dk @Rrj " vc vk0 /khj xRHkhj gks 6l 0zFu 0j fo$kj dhft3 fd
ftl fdlh )sa 6rus xq.k gks E;k og fdlh Hkh 9;olk; )sa vl5y
gks ldrk gS T 2qfu;k )sa ftrus @+kksx /k1/ks gS os d*<s
0fjQ) U fuj1rj 0z;Ru U /kS;; /kkj.k djus vkSj vkR) foFokl ds
5yLoPNk gh $y jgs gS T )gkR)k xk-/kh dgrs gS W vkR)
foFokl dk v:k; gS v0us dk) )sa v# QHk V v0us dk) )sa tc
v# QHk gksxh rks 5y rks f)ysxk gh T )gkR)k xk-/kh 6lh
ckr dks 3d vyx Xa<x ls Hkh dgrs gS T os dgrs gS W dk)
djus 0j Hkh @ldk cksI u yxs U ;g vuklfEr dk PNk gS V ;f2
fHk[kkjh dks Hkh[k )kaxuk cksI yxs rks f5j og ;g dk) dj
gh ugha ldrkT
)kuo )uksfoZku dk lgkjk fy3 fcuk dks6; Hkh 9;olk; l5y
ugha gks ldrkT)uqK; ds d';k.k dh dk)uk fd3 fcuk dks6;
9;olk; 5y 5#y ugha ldrsT
g)kjs lkjs foZk0u ;gh rks dj jgs gS T tc 6rus xq.k g)kjs
0kl gks rks Hkh[k )k-xus dh vkoF;drk gh ugha gS T g) 6u
xq.kksa ds dkj.k fdlh Hkh 9;olk; )sa l5y gks ldrs gS T
okLro )s vkyl U )#[k;rk U fujkFkk vk2)h dks 2fj2z
cukrh gS T 2fj2z cu dj v1r )sa og fHk[kkjh curk gS T 0j l5y
fHk[kkjh cuus ds fy3 @ls 61gh xq.kksa dks /kkj.k djuk
0*<rk gS T og tSls gh 6u xq.kksa dks /kkj.k djrk gS og lR0fr
vft;r dj ysrk gS T og lR01u cu tkrk gST
0zdGfr dk 3d $dz gS T 6l $dz )sa vkylh fudR)sa cu g)
fHk[kkjh cu ldrs gS vkSj f5j 0fjQ) U 2GX< lad'Nk ds Okjk lR0fr
Hkh vft;r dj ldrs gS T ;g lc 0zdGfr ds xq.kkas dk [ksy gS T
xhrk dgrh gS g) dqL ugha djrs "0zdGfr ds ;s xq.k gh g)kjs
thou dks la$kfyr djrs gS T 6lfy3 fHk[kkjh ds 6u xq.kksa 0j
/;ku 2hft3 T g) ftl fdlh 9;olk; )sa gks 6u xq.kksa dks v0uk3 T
;f2 g)us 6u xq.kksa dh vu2s[kh dh rks E;k gksxk . vc crkus
dh vkoF;drk ugha gS T f)[kk6y fljtasr f)gkuh dh 6l lykg dks
;k2 j[ks WW l5y gksus ds fy3 tPjh gS U vk0 tks dj jgs gS U@ls
lo;QsKJ rjhds ls djs VV
139
""""""""""""""
oGHkoL:kk dk vku12 yhft3
vHkh )qIs )qRc6; ds 3d dsKkdr;uky; )sa tkus dk dk)
0*<kT uk6; )gsk2; us )qIls vuqjks/k fd;k fd )Sa v0us
ckyksa dks jaxk dj dkyk djok y#aT )sjh @)z )sa d) ls d)
012zg oFk; dk varj vk tk;sxkT )Sa toku yxus yxq-axkT
)Saus @lds vuqjks/k dks g-al dj ky f2;kT vHkh 3d 0f?dk
ds lR0k2d us )sjk 5ksks $kgkT )Sa jryk) ds 3d 5ksks
xzk5j ls f)ykT @lus dgk fd og )sjk 5ksks tSlk )Sa g#-a
oSlk gh rhl d0;s )sa [kha$ 2sxk fd1rq $kfyl d03 2sus 0j og
)sjs $sgjs dh Iqfj;;k vkSj lyos gk dj toku cuk 2sxkT
)aSus g-al dj dgkU V;s Iqfj;;k vkSj lyosa c*<s 0fjQ) ls
0zkNRk dh x6; gSa T ;s xkSjo ds f$1g gSaT ]k); ds ugha T
vk0 61gsa cuk3 jf[k3TW
@0jksEr o.k;u dk v:k; 6ruk gS fd )qRc6; ls jryk) rd
uk6; ls ysdj 5ksskxzk5j rd oGHks dks toku cukus ds fy3
0zsfjr dj jgas gSaT vkSj )sjk vuqHko ;g gS fd vusd oGH cky
dkys djU Iqfj;;k f)kus ds 0z;Ru dj tokuh dk vuqHko dj
jgsa gST dks6; oGH cuuk ugha $kgrkT
oGHkoL:kk ls +kcjkg E;ksa Y" oGHkoL:kk ls 3d vthc lh +
kCkjkg l)kt )sa 2s[kus dks f)y jgh gSaT 3d rks 0jR0jk ls
oGHks dks f)yusokyks lR)ku d) gsk jgk gST 2#ljs 3slk foKokl
f2yk;k tkrk gS fd oGH Hkh toku f2[k dj ;qodksa ds @Rlkg
vkSj @)ax dks 0zkNRk dj ldrs gSaU 6lfy3 2l chl d0;s )sa f)yus
okyh tokuh ds Vy#dW dh vksj vkdFk;.k gST oGHkoL:kk ds
tks 2;uh; o.k;1k gST @ls lqu 0X<dj Hkh oGHkoL:kk ls +
kcjkg gksuk LokHkkfod gST 3d o.k;u 2sf[k3U oSjkS; ]krd
)sa HkGrgfj fy[krs gSaU V ]kjhj 0j Iqfj;;k 0X< x6; gST $yus
f5jus dh lk):k; l)kNRk gks x6; gSaT 2k-ar # x3 gSaU
140
2GfF uF gks x6; gSaT cgjk0u gS 0Ruh lsok ugha djrh T
0qdFk dh oGHkoL:kk dk dSlk dF gS fd 0q? Hkh ]k?q tSlk
9;ogkj djrk gST
E;k ;g o.k;u lgh gSaT vf/kdkaKk dk @Rrj gksxkU gk-a
0j 3slk gS ughaT ;f2 3slk gS rks @lds dkj.k gST
E;k dkj.k gsk ldrs gSY" or;)ku )sa vf/kdkaKk oGH 2qY[kh
gST rukoxzLr gST ftu oGHks ds 0q? @udh Hkkoukvksa dk
lR)ku ugha djrsU os 3dkdh t)kus dks dkslrs gq3 2qY[kh gST
vkSj tks oGH 0q?ksa ds rkus lqudj @uds lk:k jgus dks )tc#j
gSU os Hkh 2qY[kh gST v0us 0fjokj ds fy3 [k#u 0lhuk cgkdj U
0s dkdjU I#Js l>$s /ka/ks dj ft1gksuas d'0uk dh :kh fd
oGHkoL:kk )sa @udk 0fjokj @udh lsok djsxkU os fujkKk
gST ;g lsok f)y ugha jgh ysfdu @1gsa L)j.k j[kuk $kfg3 fd
csksa dks 0kyuk @udk dr;9;; :kkT og dks6; @+kksx
/k1/kska )sa fuosKk ugha :kk fd og @1gsa f)ys ghT
Hkxoku Qh dGF.k us 6lhfy3 d); 0j vf/kdkj crk;k gST 5yksa 0j
ughaT ;g ))rkU )k;kU )ksg gSU 6l dF dh t*< )saT
oku0zL:k vkQ) dk vk;kstu Y" Hkkjrh; ^fFk )qfu;ksa us ]kk;2
6l 0fjfL:kfr dks l)I fy;k :kkT 6lfy3 oku0zL:k vkQ) )sa oGHksa
dks jgus dk dk;;_) cuk;k :kk ftl)sa oGH 0fjokj dh ))rk o
)k;k)ksg ls 2#j l)kt d';k.k )sa l_h; jgs o ;qodksa dk
)kx;2Kk;1k djrs jgsT tks oGH vkt dh fL:kfr dks tku l)Idj
l_h; gS os fc'dqy rukoxzLr o 2qY[kh ugh gST fd1rq tks
/kuU )dku" tk;2k2 vkSj 0fjokj ds )k;k)ksg )sa 5ls jgus dh
)kufldrk j[krs gSU @udk 2qY[kh gksuk LokHkkfod gSaT
@2kgj.kksa ls tk-$s Y" 2qfu;k )sa tks oGH lk)kftd o
jktuhfrd dk;ks;a )sa vkt Hkh vxz.kh gS os @Rlkg o @)ax
ls v0us dk) )sa yxs gST @1gsa fKkdk;r djus dk l); gh ugh
gST
2qfu;k Hkj )sa ftrus 0z)q[k jktusrk gSaT os oGH gSaT
0z)q[k jktusrkvksa dks vR;kf/kd lqfo/kk3-a vkSj vkd;Fk.k
gST 6lhfy3 @uds @2kgj.k f23 tkus dks dks6; xaHkhjrk ls
ugha ysxk ysfdu jktusrk ugha U os Hkh l_h; thou @)ax
@Rlkg ls th jgs gST
141
0zflH [;ksfrFkh dhjks )gks2; dks dkSu ugha tkurkT
@udh HkfoF; okf.k;k-a vkt Hkh ;k2 dh tkrh gST vLlh oFk;
dh @)z )sa @1gksus isa$ HkkFkk lh[kuk 0zkjRHk fd;kT
yksxks us dgk V 6l @)z )sa ;g 0X<usa dk E;k ykHk.
@1gksaus dgkU V )k;k )ksgU 6Fkk;"OsFk lh[kusa ls isa$
lh[kuk v>Lk gST =% oFk; dh @)z )sa @udk 2sgolku gqvkT
0#[; )gkR)k xk-a/kh o l1r fouksck vf1Rk) l); rd
laLdGr " xhrk U @2#; 0X<rs jgsT v:k; djrs jgsT xhrk 0zo$u
2srs jgsT )gkR)k rqylh2kl th us lkJ oFk; dh @)z )sa
jk)$fjr )kul fy[kkT os 3d lkS chl cjl th3T lkfgR;dkj flljks us 7,
oFk; dh @)z )sa v0uk 3d xz1:k 0#jk fd;k vkSj dgk V)qIs vc
yx jgk gS fd )Sa v0us 0hLs 2qfu;k ds fy3 dqL Lks*< tk jgk
g#-T
Hkxoku cqH dks $kfyl oFk; dh @)z )s Zku 0zkNr gks x;kU
0j os vLlh oFk; dh @)z rd )qEr gk:k ls @ls ckus )sa laySu
jgsT dHkh :kds ugahT lqdjkr dks tc tgj dk N;kyk f2;k x;k rc
os Hkh oGH :ksU 0j vf1r) l); rd os )kuork dks la2sKk 2srs
jgsT fcgkj ds 3d fdlku us 3d gtkj oGH yxk3T dgrs gS @lh ds
uk) 0j gtkjhckx ftyk vkt Hkh dk;) gST
dqL vkSj @2kgj.k Y" ;s @2kgj.k cgqr c*<sa uk)sa ds gST
vk63 v0us vkl0kl ds @2kgj.k Hkh 2s[ksT vkxj)kyok ds
lkfgR;dkj x.skKk2Rr ]k)k; fo\kyadkj =, oFk; th3T @uds
dks6; larku ugha :khT @1gksaus 3d lkS chl 0qLrdsa fy[khT
[k.*ok ds Qh jkukjk;.k @0k/;k; U )k[kuyky $rqos;2kh 0zflH
lkfgR;dkj jgs os Hkh oGHkoL:kk )sa )GR;q rd l_h; jgsT v0uh
l)Lr lR0fek ls 3d gL cukdj x3T Qh fKko)axy flag lq)u =7
oFk; rd l_h; lkfgfR;d " lk)kftd thou th dj g)kjs lk)us
Lox;oklh gq3T vkt Hkh 3slh vusd oGH vkR)k3-a g)kjs vkl0kl
gS tsk @\ksx /k1/ksa U 9;olk; )sa d);jr gST @1gsa fKkdk;r
djus ds fy3 l); gh ugha gST 3sls gh yksxks ds fy3 lkfgR;dkj
oG12kou yky ]k)k; us fy[kk gSU Vd);J 9;fEr )GR;q ds 2ks
+k.s 0#o; oGH gksrk gSTW
Lo/k); dk 0kyu djs Y" @0jksEr fL:kfr ls L0F gS fd
oGHkoL:kk @0jksEr fL:kfr ls L0F gS fd oGHkoL:kk v0jk/k ugha
gST ;f2 g) @Rlkg o @)ax ls lk)kftd dk;; djrs jgs ftl)sa
142
g)kjh df$ gS rks f5j ruko 2qY[k o 0jsKkkuh ds fy3 l); gh
ugha jgsxkT 6l @)z )sa rks vkKkh;ok2 dk @Jk gk:k gh
;qodksa ds fy3 0;k;NRk gSaT os v0uk dr;9; djrs gS ;k ugha
6ldh f$1Rkk vk0 E;ksa djrs gSaT gj 9;Er v0us d); vk0
Hkqxrrk gST thou )sa la+kFk; fu[kkj ykrk gST ;f2 g) v1Rk
rd la+kFk;jr jgs rks lR)ku )kaxus tkuk ugha 0*s<xkU lR)ku
vk0ds Okj [k*<k f)ysxkT fd1rq ;f2 uk6;U 2th; ;k
5ksksxzk5j ds )k/;) ls toku cuus ds 0z;Ru fd3 rks tx gjlk6;
rks gksxh vk0dh okLrfodrk dks l)I vk0dh 0zfrFJk Hkh d)
gksxhT ukd dk vfHkku; okLrfod tSlk rks gks ldrk gS 0j
okLrfod ugha gksrkT
g)sa ;g ;k2 j[kuk $kfg3 fd oGHkoL:kk ds Iqfj;;ksa
Hkjsa $sgjs vkSj gk:kska )sa Hkh 3d vkd;Fkd lkSa2;; gST
vuqHko dh f)Jkl 6l voL:kk )sa j$h clh gST oGHkoL:kk dh
Hkh @0;ksfxrk rks gSU 0j @lds fy3 vkR)foKokl U 2GX< lad'0 o
)ukscy dh vkoK;drk jgrh gST ;f2 oGH gh fujkKkU grkKk gS rks
@ls l)kt E;k 2sxkT og l)kt dks E;k 2sxkU ;g fo$kj.kh; 0zKu
gST ;f2 oGH lk)kftdU @0;ksfxrk ds dk;sk; )sa )u ls yx tk3 rks
oGHkoL:kk thou dh lcls v>Lh voL:kk gST
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
143
6;)ku2kj )qly)ku gksus ds v:k;
0kfdLrku dh Hk#r0#o; 0z/kku)a?h Qh)rh csuthj
HkqDks us vkJ oKkk;s ds ck2 0kfdLrku dh Hk#f) 0j d2)
j[kk T @udk vHk#r0#o; Lokxr gqvk T @uds 0kfdLrku vkx)u
ds 0#o; gh ;g vkFkadk 9;Er dh x6; :kh fd vk1rdok2h xq
@uds vkx)ku 0j vk1rd dk @R0kr )$k ldrs gST 2q+k;uk +
k ldrh gS vkSj 6lfy3 @udh lqjMkk dk 9;k0d 0zc1/k fd;k x;k
:kk T @uds vkx)u 0j vk1rdokf2;ksa us c) /k)kds fd3 ftl)sa
lkS ls vf/kd )Gr gq3 vkSj 6lls d6; vf/kd +kk;y gq3 T
2qfu;k )as vkrad dk lk;k d6; 2sFkksa )sa )a*jk jgk gS
T Hkkjr Hkh 6l vkrad ds lk3 )sa thus dk vH;Lr lk gks x;k gS
T ;g vkrad /k); ds uk) 0j @dlk;k tk jgk gS T 6lds 0hLs
)qfLy) vkradok2h xq gS T Qh)rh csuthj HkqDks us
0kfdLrku dh /kjrh 0j d2) j[kus ds 0#o; dgk :kk fd @1gs
ugha yxrk fd 3slh dks6; /kuk +ksxh E;ksfd dks6;
6;)ku2kj )qly)ku 3slk dj gh ugha ldrk T )fgyk 0j vkdz).k
djuk dqjku )s fuKks/k gS vkSj tks 3slk djsxk U og ujd )s
tk3xk T 6lh 0zFu 0j g)sa fo$kj djuk gS T tc Qh)rh csuthj
HkqDks dgrh gS fd dks6; 6;)ku2kj )qly)ku 3slk ugha dj
144
ldrk rks L0K gS fd cs6;)ku )qly)ku Hkh 6l NkG:oh 0j fo+
k)ku gks ldrs gS vkSj os 3slk dj ldrs gS T
6;)ku E;k gS " okLro )sa )qly)ku kC2 )sa gh 6;)ku dh
vfHk9;fEr gksrh gS tks v0us 6;Rkku 0j V)qqlyW v:kk;rD
0Edk gS U ogh )qly)ku gS T 6;)ku2kj [kjs @rjus dk Hkko ;g
gS fd tks v'yk rvkyk 6;Foj ds 0zfr 6;)ku2kj gS ogh
)qly)ku gS 6;Foj dh ok.kh 0fo? 0qLrd dqjku kjh5 )sa vafdr
gS T @ldks Lohdkjuk vkSj @lds vuqlkj vk$j.k djuk 6;)ku 0j
0Edk jguk gS T 6l lRc1/k )sa 6Lyk) ds foOku 3d )r gS T
@2G; ds kk;j vdcj 6ykgck2h 5j)krs gS "
0af*r dks Hkh lyk) vkSj )kSyoh dks HkhT
)tgc u $kfg;s )qIs 6)ku $kfg3T T
6ldk L0K v:k; gS fd /k); gh 6;)ku gST /k); 0j vR;f/kd
cy 2sus ls dDjrk @0trh gSST )qfLy) gksuk )kuorkok2 dk
0zrhd gST @ls dDjrk ls ck-/kuk )tgc ugha gST )tgc )sa
6;)ku E;k gS 6ldh L0K 9;k[;k 6;jku ds 5kjlh dfo vC2qy
)th2 fcu v2su us 6l 0zdkj dh gS"
vxj vkfFkdh dq5zks 6;)k ;ds2k
fd 2j vEy jkukLr 6; us [k#6; 5kjlh
v:kk;rD ;f2 rsjs f2; )s yxu yxh gS rks v0us /k); vkSj
@lds fo0jhr /k)ks; dks 3d gh l)I U ;g cqfH)kuh dh ckr gS
vkSj v>Ls LoHkko ls lRc1/k j[krh gS
dF)hjh dfo ks[k u#P2D2hu us Hkh 6ldh L0K 9;k[;k 6l
0zdkj dh gS "
0kul )ksy ;ql :kfo u gkfj
csf;l lkR; dfj u )ku )ku
0j o 0ku ;ql l2jl rkfj
lq gS 2f0 r ft )qly)ku dF)hjh
v:kk;rD tks v0us dks dkS*<h ds l)ku fu)#'; l)Is
2#ljs ds lk:k )u)kfu u djs U Lo vkSj 0j )sa dks6; v1rj u
l)Is U ogh l>$k )qly)ku gS TW
6l 0zdkj g) 2s[krs gS fd 3d @2kj U /k); fuj0sMk fo$kj
6;Foj dh ok.kh ds PNk )sa 0zd fd;k x;k gS T l#5h l1rksa us
v0uh ok.kh )sa 6lh r:; dk xku fd;k gS T ;gh vlyh /k); gS
vkSj ;gh V6;)ku2kj )qly)ku W gksus dk xq.k gS T
145
dqjku kjh5 ds vk2sFk " 0fo? xz1:k dqjku kjh5 )sa
v'yk rvkyk ds vk2sFk gS ft1gs )kuuk vkSj vk$j.k )s ykuk
)qly)ku dk 5t; gS T dqjku kjh5 rks vagdkj dks /k); foPH
crk dj 0zk.kh )k? 0j 2;k djus dk vk2sFk 2srh gS T NkG:oh 0j
vd*<dj $yuk U @/k) )$kuk U dkuk5#lh djuk fuKks/k gS T
vk6;3 2s[ks dqjku kjh5 ds vk2sFk E;k gS "
dqjku kjh5 dk vk2sFk gS UV /k); ds foKk; )sa tksj
tc;2Lrh ugha (b(47 djuk $kfg3 T
dqjku kjh5 )as vafdr gSU V tks /kS;; j[ks vkSj Mk)k dj
2s rks fufF$r gh ;g c*<s lkgl ds dk)ksa )sa gST /(b/,

6;Foj 0k0ks dks Mk)k djus okyk V rksck W Lohdkj djus

okyk dJksj 2.* 2sus okyk lk):;;oku gS @lds vfrfjEr dks6;
0#[; ugha W
6;Foj ds lRc1/k )sa dqjku kjh5 )sa dgk x;k gS fd V
ogh 6;Foj gS drk; U Hkrk; U LoPNk2krk U lkjs lq12juk) @lh
ds fy3 gS vkdkFk )sa vkSj Hk#f) )sa tks gS os @udk t0 djrs
gS vkSj ogh lo;ftr vkSj lo;fo2D gS 4Ab(/
;gh fo$kj Qh)2D Hkxo2 xhrk v/;k; 8 ds yksd %A )sa
vafdr gS ftldk v:k; gS V oklq2so lo;) W v:kk;rD tks dqL
fo\)ku gS f2[kk6; 2srk gS U og 6;Foj dk gh PNk gS T ;g txr
Hkh @lh dk PNk gS T 6l 0zdkj g) 2s[krs gS fd dqjku kjh5
@2kj U /kS;;oku vkSj Mk)kFkhy jgus dk vk2sFk 2srk gS T
vkradok2 ds fy3 fdlh /k); )sa txg gks gh ugha ldrh T /k);
dk v:k; )kuorkok2 gS )uqK; dk d';k.k gh /k); dk @2D2sF;
gS 0j 6lds fy3 djsa E;k .
dqjku dk l12sFk " dqjku kjh5 )sa 6lds fy3 L0K l12sFk gS
dqjku )sa dgk x;k gS V okLrfodrk ;g gS fd 6;Foj fdlh l)kt
dh fL:kfr ugha c2yrk T tc rd fd l)kt ds yksx tks @uds )u
)sa gS U @ls ugha c2yrs T 6;Foj tc fdlh l)kt 0j vk0fRr *kyuk
$kgrk gS rks og yrh ugha dqjku %,b%%
L0K gS fd vkradok2 ds foPH y*<k6; Lo;a )qfLy) l)kt
dks gh y*<uk gksxh T 6;)ku2kj )qly)ku gksus dk v:k;
gh ;g gS fd /k); dh lgh 9;k[;k gks vkSj og vk$j.k )sa @rjs
T fufgr Lok:kh; rRo v0us Lok:kks; ds oFk tks /k); dh
vkradok2h 9;k[;k djrs gS @uls lko/kku gksus dh vkoF;drk
gS T tkxPd 6;)ku2kj )qly)ku gh 6Lyk) ds uk) 0j $y jgs
vkradok2 dks lgh tokc 2s ldrs gS U;gh vkt dh vkoF;drk gS T
146
NkkfdLrku dh Hk#r0#o; )fgyk 0z/kku)a?h tc ;g dgrh gS
fd dks6; 6;)ku2kj )qly)ku 3slk ugha dj ldrk U rc @udh L0K
Hkkouk ;gh :kh T 2q;HkkS; 0kfdLrku ds tkxPd ukxfjdksa dk
fd 6l l);kuqd#y $srkouh ds ck2 Hkh ogk- vkrad dk rk.*o
uGR; gks x;k T vHkh Hkh l); gS U ;g Hkkjr ds fy3 Hkh 3d
l12sFk gS T """"""""""""
f):kd d:kkvksa )sa vk/kqfudrk ds Loj
"lR;ukjk;.k Hkukxj
f):k ]kC2 ls cuk gS f):kdU f):k ]kC2 laLdGr vkSj vkSy
HkkFkk 2ksuks )sa 0k;k tkrk gST laLdGr )sa f):k ]kC2 dk
vkKk; 2ks rRoksa ds f)yu r:kk 0zR;Mk Zku ls gST f):kd
)sa ;s 2ksuks gh v:k; l)kfgr gSaT vkSy HkkFkk )sa f):k
dk v:k; gS dksjh d'0uk T lkfgR;dkj gtkjh0zlk2 fOos2h us
vkSy HkkFkk ds f):k ]kC2 ds d 0zR;; tks*<dj f):kd ]kC2 dk
lGtu fd;k gST Qh fOos2h us f):kd ds lRca/k )sa fy[kk gS UWW
f):kd ]kC2 okLro )sa HkkFkk dk 0#jd gST lkjh HkkFkk 6lds
cy 0j [k*h gST vkf2 )kuo ds f$Rr )sa laf$r vusd
vuqHk#fr;k- f):kd ds P0 )sa 0zd gksus ds fy3 9;kdqy jgrh
gST f):kd oLrqrY @l lk)#fgd )kuo dh Hkko"fu)k;?h
]kfEr dh vfHk9;fEr gS ftls dqL )uksfoZkuh WW vkfd;k60y
6)sat WW dgdj larksFk dj ysrs gST
okLro )sa f):kd dsoy d0kys d'0uk ugah gST 6l)sa
6frgkl dk rRo Hkh gS vkSj vkf2 )kuo dh xgu vuqHk#fr;ksa
dh vfHk9;fERk HkhU f):kd lkfgR; d0ksy d'0uk ls gdj
0zrhd P0 )sa g)sa 3d la2sKk Hkh 2srk gST 6l lkfgR; )sa )kuo
dh d)tksfj;ksa Hkh vfHk9;Er gksrh gS rks f$1ru dh
xgjk6;;k- Hkh f):kd 0qjkru voK; gS fd1rq @ldk f$1ru
vk/kqfud ls )sy Hkh [kkrk gST vkK$;; gksrk gS fd 0qjkru
)kuo ds )u )sa rRdkfyu 0fjfL:kfr;ksa )sa dSls 6rus
0zxfrKkhy vkSj vk/kqfud fo$kjks dk 0zokg L:kku 0k;k gksxk T
f):kd lkfgR; )sa 0zrhdkR)d P0 ls og lc gS tks vk/kqfud
fo$kj/kkjk )sa 0k;k tkrk gST
lkfgR;dkj Qh gtkjh0zlk2 fOos2h WW lkfgR; lg$j WW )sa
fy[krs gS WW u3 ;qx dks vR;1r laMks0 )sa crkuk gks rks
dgsaxs ;g ;qx )kuork dk ;qx gS WW f):kd d:kkvksa )sa
147
)kuork dk la2sKk d# d# dj Hkjk x;k gST 6u 0zrhdkR)d
d:kkvksa )sa )kuo d';k.k ds os lc la2sKk gS ft1gs vkt g)
vk/kqfud ds uk) ls 0qdkjrs gST okLro )sa vrhr or;)ku dh
vk/kkj Hk#f) gSU vrhr g)kjh t*<ksa rd g)sa ys tkrk gST
vrhr dks foL)Gr dj g) or;)ku )sa th ugha ldrsT T v)sfjdu
dfo vkSj 2kKk;fud tkt; lkark;ukus f2 yk65 vk-5 fj;tu )sa
fy[krs gSU WW tks vrhr dk L)j.k ugha djrsU @1gs vrhr )sa gh
jgus dk 2.* f)yrk gS WW 6lfy3 f):kd d:kkvksa )sa tks
vk/kqfud f$1ru ds Loj 0k3 tkrs gSU @udk v/;;u )uu l); dh
vkoK;drk gST
vk/kqfud f$1ru )sa v0jk/kksa ds fy3 2.* 0zfrKkks/k ds
fy3 Lohdkj ugha fd;k tkrk T v0jk/kh dks 2.* 2sus ds fy3
lq/kkjkR)d )kx; v0ukus 0j foKksFk cy f2;k tkrk gST 6lfy3
)gku fo$kjd vjLrq dk d:ku gST WW 2.* 3d 0zdkj dh vkSFk/kh
gSWW
6lk6; /k);$k;; ls1 vkxLhu dk d:ku gS " VV2.* v1;k;
ds 0zfr 1;k; gSTWW
;f2 2.* 3d 0zdkj dh vkSFk/kh gS rks v0jk/k 3d 0zdkj dk
jksx gST 6lh vk/kkj 0j vk/kqfud fo$kjdksa Okjk foKo Hkj )sa
)GR;q 2.* ds fojks/k )sa Loj @Hkjrs jgrs gST tks thou g) 2s
ugah ldrs U @ls ys dSls ldrs gST 6lhfy3 vk/kaqfud fo$kjdks
dk 3d ox; )GR;q 2.* dsa fojsk/k )sa l); l); 0j tu)r rS;kj djrk
gST
E;k ;g vk/kqfud fo$kj gS . )gkHkkjr ds ]kkafr 0o; )sa
jktk \q)Rlsu dk o.k;1k vk;k gS ftlus vusd v0jkf/k;ksa dks
)GR;q 2.* 2sus dh +kksFk.kk dh :khT jktk \q)Rlsu ds css
lR;oku us 6ldk 6lh vk/kkj 0j fojks/k fd;k :kkT lR;oku dk fo$kj
:kk fd )GR;q 2.* ds fcuk Hkh dk) $yk;k tk ldrk gST )GR;q
2.* vR;ar dJksj 2.* gS vkSj @ldk 0zHkko v0jk/kkh dsa 0fjokj
0j Hkh 0*<rk gST vrY lR;oku us lqIko f2;k fd 0z:k) v0jk/k 0j
Mk)k vkSj ck2 ds v0jk/kksa 0j 0zk.k 2.* Lks*<dj dks6; vkSj
2.* f2;k tkuk $kfg3T lq/kkjkR)d d0 ls ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd
Mkf?; U oSK; vkSj ]kq2zksa dsk czkRg.kksa ds vuqKkklu )sa
j[kk tkosa rks v0jk/kksa 0j fu;a?.k gksxk vkSj /k); dh oGfH
gskxhT
148
vk/kqfud )kuorkok2h fo$kjdska dk )r gS fd 0jks0dkj ds
fy3 g)sa ]kjhj dsa fofHk1u vaxks dk )GR;q @0jkar 2ku djuk
$kfg3 rkfd ft1gas @u vaxks dh vkoK;drk gS os lq[kh thou
;k0u dj ldsT 6lh vk/kkj 0j vkt 2sg 2ku vkSj us? 2ku tSls
)gk2ku 0z$fyr gST uS?2ku dh ;g 0ja0jk Hkkjr )s jk)k;.k dky
ds 0#o; ls 0z$fyr gST )gkHkkjr vkSj )kd;.*s; 0qjk.k )sa
jktk vy;d dk @'ys[k gST ok')hdh jk)k;.kU v;ks/;kdk.* ds
lx; %/ ]yksd 4"8 )sa ;g L0F @'ys[k gS fd jktk vy;d us 3d
czkRg.k ds )kaxus 0j v0us uS? 2ku dj f23 :kasT 6lls L0F gS
fd uS?2ku dk fo$kj @l l); Hkh 0z$fyr :kkT
vy;d uk) 3d jktk ds 0q? dk gST vy;d uk) )2kylk us
j[kkT jktk dk ;g uk) dqL vthc lk yxkT jktk us jkuh )2ylk ls
dgk Hkh VV;g dSlk uk) gS. jkt0q? dk uk) rks ohjrk l#$d
gksuk $kfg3T VV jkuh )2ylk us @Rrj )sa dgk" WW uk) )sa
E;k j[kk gS. uk) rks dsoy 0g$ku ds fy3 gST WW Hkkjrh; 2Kk;u
)sa uk) dk c*<k )gRo gST ysfdu og uk) Hkxoku dk gST
ogh uk) )gRo0#.k; gST v1; uk) )gRo0#.k; ugha gST
vkt Hkh uk) dh lk:k;drk dk dks6; fo$kj ugah gST
)gku ukddkj ]ksEl 0h;kj jskf);ksa 3a* t#fy; )sa dgrs gSa
VVuk) )sa E;k j[kk gST xqykc ds 0qF0 dks fdlh vksj uk) ls
0qdkjus 0j Hkh @ldh [kqKkc# rsk @ruh gh gksxhWW jkuh
)2ylk ds fo$kj ls ;g d:ku fo$kj ds Lrj 0j ]kr " 0zfrKkr f)yrk
gST ;g vy;d uk) 6lds v:k; ds dkj.k Hkh g)sa vkK$;; )sa
*ky 2srk gST vyd; ]kC2 dk v:k; gS 0kxy dqRrkT E;k
dks6; 3slk uk) v0us 0q? dk j[kuk $kgsxk ysfdu )krk )2kylk
us ;g uk) j[kdj 6l +kksFk.kk dks lR; dj f2;k fd uk) )sa E;k
j[kk gST ukddkj ]ksEl0h;j dh l#fEr ds gtkjsak oFk; 0#o; ;g
fo$kj Hkkjrh; f):kd d:kk )sa fo\)ku :kkT
)GR;q @0jkar 2sg 2ku dh vo/kkj.kk vk/kqfud dgh tkrh
gS fd1rq Hkkjrh; f):kd d:kk ds d0 )sa 6ldh +kksFk.kk
)gkR)k 2f+k$ gtkjska oFk; 0#o; dj $qds :ksT @1gksus rks
0jks0dkj ds fy3 thrs th 2sg2ku dj 3d v2DHk#2 @2kgj.k 0zLrqr
fd;k :kkT Hkkjrh; 2Kk;u ds vuqlkj 2sg dk dHkh Hkh cgqr
vf/kd )gRo ugah jgk gST 2sg f)Dh U f)Dh )sa f)y
tkuk g;SU ;g fo$kj l2k ls fo\)ku jgk gST vrY ;f2 6l 2sg ls
yksd d';k.kdkjh dks6; gksrk gS rsk xhrk ds v:ksk; )sa
149
og ;Z gST 6lfy3 2sg2ku dh vo/kkj.kk f):kd lkfgR; )sa gskuk
vkK$;; dk foFk; ugha gST
vk/kqfud vo/kkj.kk )s )kuoh; )#';ksa dks lk:k;d djus
ds fy3 fodykax 9;fEr;ksa dsk lgkjk 2suk vkSj @1gsa 0zxfr
ds )kx; 0j $ykuk 3d v>Lk dk;; l)Ik tkrk gS vkSj l)kt d';k.k
ds dk;ks; )sa 6ldk c*<k @'ys[kuh; )gRo gST ;g vo/kkj.kk
Hkkjrh; f):kd d:kkvska )sa d:kkvska )sa d# d# dj Hkjh
gST rstLoh ckyd ds d0 )sa vFko_ ^fFk U ckyf[k'; ^fFk;ksa
dh d:kkvksa dk @'ys[k fd;k tk ldrk gST ckyd vFko_ us
rks jktk tud ds jkt 2jokj )sa ;g L0F +kksFk.kk dh :kh fd @u
0j g-alus okys Hkxoku 0j g-lrs gSa ftlus @1gsa cuk;k gST
ckyf[k'; ^fFj v-ax#Js ds cjkcj ds :ksT 2sorkvksa ds jktk
612z us @udk v0)ku dj v0us cy dk vgadkj crk;k :kk rsk cky
f[k'; ^fFk;ksa us 3d vkSj 612z dks rS;kj djus dh ;kstuk lkdkj
djus ds fy3 r0 djuk 0zkjaHk dj f2;k :kkT 0fj.kk)LodNk
2sorkvksa ds 612z +kcjkdj cky f[k'; ^fFk;ksa ds lR)q[k [ks2
0zd djus dks )tc#j gq3T )gk0zrk0h jktk jko.k 3d l); lj0r ou
)sa x;k :kkT ogk- Hkxoku fKko dk okgu ua2h f?Kk#y fy3
[k*<k :kkT ftldk )q[k okuj lk :kkT jko.k ua2h 0j galk :kkT
rc ua2h us ]kk0 f2;k :kk VVgs 2KkxzhoU g)kjs oh;; ls
@R01u okuj gh rsjk ukKk djsaxsT WW fdlh dh d)tksjh dk )tkd
cukus dk 5y jktk jko.k dks Hkh Hkskxuk 0*<kT
f):kd lkfgR; )sa tks fo$kj gS os vk/kqfud ;qx ds
fo$kjksa ls fdruk f)yrs gSU ;g 2s[kdj l$)q$ vkK$;; gksrk
gST f):kd lkfgR; 6frgkl rks ugha gS ysfdu @l)sa fufgr fo$kj
rRo 6frgkl ls vf/kd xgjk6; rd tkdj @l ;qx ds f$1ru rRo dks
0zd djrk gST f):kd lkfgR; 6flfy3 dsoy d0ksy xk:kk ugha
gST f):kd lkfgR; 0zrhd d0 )sa 6frgkl ds rRo dks flH djrk gST
g)kjh yksdd:kk3a U ]kkL?h; xza:k U /kkf);d xza:k f):kd
lkfgR; ds Hka*kj gSa vkSj @udk vk/kqfud fo$kj/kkjk ls
v2DHkq2 lkR; gST 0fK$) dk va/kkuqdj.k Hkh g)sa xr; )sa
gh *kysxkT 6lhfy3 vk/kqfudrk dh 2kS*< )sa Hkh f):kd
d:kkvksa ds )gRo dks foL)Gr ugah fd;k tk ldrkT
""""""""""""""""""""
150
la;) gS laLdGfr dk vk/kkj
;g 2qfu;k cuh rc ls )kuo tkfr us fodkl ds u;s u;s vk;k)
tks*s<T gj 2sKk us v0uh vkoK;drk vkSj LoHkko ds vuqlkj
lH;rk vkSj laLdGfr fodflr dhT ;g 6Edhloh l2h 6lh dk 0fj.kk)
gST 6l 0zxfr )as )kuo tkfr dk v:kd 0fjQ) gST [k#u vkSj 0lhuk
gST )kuo tkfr dh r0L;k dk 0fj.kk) gS fd vkt g) taxyjkt ls
lqlaLdGr jkt dh vksj d2 cX<krs gq3 vkxs dh ;kstuk cuk jgs
gST 6l 0zxfr ds 6frgkl )sa g)kjs 0fjQ) vkSj r0L;k ls dqL fu;) r;
gq3 gST ;s 9;oL:kk ds fu;) gST 6l)sa gS vuqKkklu U )kuoh;
@2kRr /kkj.kk U uSfrdrk ds Loj vkSj 6u lcls xq:kh gS fodkl
dh ;k?k T
taxyh voL:kk )sa )kuo tkfr 0zkdGfrd voL:kk )sa jgrh
:khT taxy ds 0zkdGfrd fu;) lc 0j ykx# gksrs :ksT xGgfoghuU
fKkdkj 3d )k? thfor jgus dk lgkjk :kkT rc 3d 0fjokj cukU l)kt
151
cuk U jk[; cukU fu;) cus vkSj thou lq$kP P0 ls $y 0*<kT @l
0zdGfr dh vk/kkjfKkyk :kh 0fjokjT Hkkjr )sa g) 6ls xGgL:kkQ)
dgrs gST xGgL:k vkQ) )sa g) 0zs)U v0uRo Ulg;ksxUR;kxU vkf2
xq.kksa dks lh[krs gS vkSj @1gs lR0#.k; )kuo tkfr o 0zk.kh
)k? ds fy3 v0ukrs gST
xGgL:k vkQ) 3d 0fo? laL:kku gST @ldh uhao ]kqH 0zs)
vkSj foKokl 0j [k*<h gST 6lh ds vk/kkj 0j l)kt vkSj jk[; dh
uhao Hkh 3d 2#ljs 0j foKokl vkSj 0zs) 0j [k*<h gST ;f2 )kuo
laca/kksa )sa foKokl u gks rks ;g 2qfu;k $y gh ugha ldrh T
0fr"0RuhU )krk"c>$sU Hkk6;"cgu 6u lc fjKrksa )sa tgka
0zs) dk ca/ku gSU 3d 2#ljs 0j foKokl dk Hkjkslk gST ogha
dqL uSfrd ca/ku gSU );k;2k gST ftldk 0kyu vfuok;; gST ;s
foKokl vkSj uSfrd );k;2k ds ca/ku gSU tks g)sa 0Kkqvksa ls
vyx djrs gST 0Kkq ]kqH 0zkdGfrd thou ;k0u djrs gST os
0zkdGfrd fu;)ksa ls la$kfyr gksrs gST )kuo tkfr ds v0us gh
fu;) gS ftuds 0kyu ls gh 3d lH;rk vkSj laLdGfr dk fodkl gqvkT
6l)sa la;) 3d vkoK;d rRo gS tks 0Kkqvksa )sa ugaha 0k;k
tkrk gST la;) dh lk/kuk laLdGfr ds fodkl ;k?k dk 3d vkoK;d
rRo gST thou lkfgR; )sa xka/khok2h fo$kjd vkSj Loar?rk
lsukuh dkdk dkysydj fy[krs gS W la;) laLdGfr dk )#y gST
foykflrk fuc;yrk vuqdj.k ds okrkoj.k )sa laLdGfr dk
@2DHko gksrk gS vkSj u fodkl WW laLdGfr l)kt dh vkR)k
gksrh gST g) la;) dks [kksdj vkR)k dks [kks tkrs gST
fg12h ds lkfgR;dkj lf>$2kua2 ghjkua2 okRL;k;u W vZs;
W v\ru )sa fy[krs gS W lkaLdGfrd vfL)rk udy ls ugha curh U
fos2Kkh )uksoGfr;ka vkSj )uksHkko vk;krhr djds Hkh ugha
curhT v0uh gh lgh 0g$ku ls curh gST lkaLdGfrd thou ds ckjs
)sa gh ;g ckr lcls @f$r lR; gS fd W g) ogh cu ldrs gS tks g)
gS TW
6l 0GFJHk#f) )sa g)sa ;g fo$kj djuk gS fd E;k g) v0uh
laLdGfr ds vuqP0 dk;; vkSj 9;ogkj dj jgs gST vktk2h ds ck2
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds 0zHkkoKkkyh gksus 0j g)sa Loar?rk dk
)#yHk#r vf/kdkj f)ykT g)kjs fodkl ds fy3 ;g 3d vkoK;d d2)
:kkT fd1rq g)kjs 2sKk )sa 6l vf/kdkj dk v);k;f2r @0;ksx
gqvk fd g) v0uh lH;rk vkSj laLdGfr fc'dqy Hk#y x;sT l$ dgk
tk;s rks g) l$)q$ udy$h c12j cu x;s gST g)kjs gk:k )sa
Lora?rk dk @Lrjk Hkh gS vkSj foykflrk vuqdj.k dk rd; Hkh
T g) flus)kU 2#j2Kk;u 0j uaxs0u dks 6l d2j gkoh gksrs 2s[k
jgs gS fd yxrk gh ugha fd g) Hkkjrh; laLdGfr dks tkurs U
152
l)Irs gST g)kjh lH;rk vkSj laLdGfr ds uk) 0j Hkh ;gh lc gks
jgk gS vkSj 6l dkj.k lcls [;k2k vlR)ku f)y jgk gST g)kjh )ka
" cguksa dks T flus)k vkSj 2#j2Kk;u dk ldkjkR)d @0;ksx
gksus ds ctk; @ls ]kqH )uksjatu dk *CCkk +kksfFkr dj f2;k
x;k gST 6ruk HkhFk.k vk_).k gS ;g fd vk) ukxfjd dqL cksy
gh ugha 0k jgk T
HkhFk.k 0fj.kk) " 6l fL:kfr ds vR;ar HkhFk.k 0fj.kk) vc lk)us
vk jgs gST l)k$kj )k/;)ksa ls gh l)k$kj 0zkNr gks jgs gS fd 0fr
0Ruh 3d 2#ljs dh gR;k ds fy3 lq0kjh 2s jgs gST f0rk dh gR;k
csk dj jgk gS rks Hkk6; cgu ds lk:k cykRdkj dj jgk gST
f0rk v0uh gh csh ds lk:k c'kkRdkj dj jgk gST )ka v0us 0q?
0q?h dh gR;k dj jgh gS T dHkh lks$k :kk U )ka v0uh larku
ds fy3 Lo;a )j ldrh gST @ls )kj ugha ldrhT v0jg.kU cykRdkjU
gR;k3aU 0fjokj ds v12j gh 0zfrf2u +kfr gks jgh gST l)k$kj
vkSj h&oh& 0zfrf2u ;g l)k$kj f2[kk jgs gST fu;f)r P0 ls 3sls
v0jk/kksa dk 3d dk;;_) gj $Suy 0j 0zlkfjr gks jgk gS vkSj g)
@ls 2s[k jgs gST
dgka gS lH;rk vkSj laLdGfr dh );k;2k T foykflrk dk
uaxk uk$ gS ;gka Utgka )kuoh; lca/kksa dh );k;2k dk 0zKu
@Jk;k gh ugha tk ldrkT t);u foOku lh&ts&0scj us fy[kk gS W
lH; txyh lcls cqjk taxyh gksrk gST W [kyhy ftczku us 9;aS;
)sa dgk gS W 0zk.k c$kuk $kgrs gks rks t'2h HkkxksU lH;rk
g)kjs 0hLs 0*<h gST W l$ gS Hkjs 0s dh Hk#[k vf/kd rhoz
gksrh gST
0Kkqrk dh vksj d2) " @0j ftruh +kukvksa dk o.k;u gS os lc
0Kkqrk dh vksj g)kjs d2) gST )sjh jk; )sa rks 0Kkqrk ls Hkh
fxjs d2) gST 0Kkq rks f5j Hkh 0zkdGfrd fu;)ksa ls ca/ks gST
g) rks lc fu;)ksa dks rkd )sa j[kdj dk;; dj jgs gST g)us
0gys la;qEr 0fjokj l)kNr fd;sT vc 3dy 0fjokj )sa Hkh vk/kqfudrk
ds uk) 0j ruko 0S2k dj jgs gST ftl)sa dks6; fdlh 0j 0zs)U
l)0;.k UR;kx dk 2kok ugha ldrkT vkt fookg ds ck2 csh cg#
cu dj vkrh gS rks @lds 0kl 0qfyl :kkus dk uRcj gksrk gST tks
)rHks2 0gys vk0lh fo$kj fo)Kk; ls fu0rs :ksU os vc 0qfyl
LsKku U 0fjokj ds12z ;k 1;k;ky; )sa fu0us dks RkS;kj gST
0qfyl LsKku dks 0fjokj )sa 0zosKk ds fy3 oS/kkfud P0 ls Okj
[kksy f2;k x;k gS T
153
0fr"0Ruh ds fjKrs 2cko o dku#uh 2ko 0s$ ls l)k/kku
0k;saxs rks 0fjokj vkSj c>>kksa ds vk0lh laca/kksa dk E;k
gksxkT c>$s dgka lh[ksaxs 0zs)U lg;ksxU R;kxU vuqKkklu U
cqtqxks; dk lR)kuT c>>kksa dh 0z:k) 0kJKkkyk 0fjokj gh
gST oSls Hkh fdlh ds 0kl c>>kksa ds fy3 l); ugah gST 6l
fL:kfr )sa @1gs Hkxoku Hkjksls gh l)Ik tk ldrk gST
0Kkqvksa )sa v0uh larku dk 0zs) o foKokl gksrk gST os
v0us )krk"f0rk ls gh lh[krs gST g)kjs 0kl l); ugha gST g)
rukoxzLr gST 6lfy3 g)us @1gs h&oh& ds Hkjksls Lks*<
f2;k gS o tks lh[k ldsa lh[k tk;sa 0fj.kk) E;k gksxk .
vfoKokl dk 0fj.kk) " 3dy 0fjokj dh vo/kkj.kk Hkh vc [krjs )sa
gST tc g) 3d 2#ljs 0j vfoKokl djsaxs rks dSlk 0fjokj . f5j
dgka- gS 0fjokj dk vku12T foKokl dh vk/kkj fKkyk 0j rks ;g
laca/k [k*<s gST ;f2 ]kadkU la2sg 6lds ch$ )sa vk;s rks ;g
rkKk ds 0Rrs dh rjg HkjHkjk dj l)kNr gks tk;sxk T
foFkkEr gksrk okrkoj.k " 0fjokj ds Lk;s [krjs ds 6l ck2y us
lkjs okrkoj.k dks foFkkEr cuk f2;k gST ukjh 2sg ]kksFk.k dh
vusd dgkfu;ka 0zfrf2u lk)us vk jgh gST 2qfu;ka )sa xjhch
ds dkj.k ukjh 2sg dk fcduk rks l2k ls jgk gST ysfdu vkt
v>Ls +kjksa dh 0X<h fy[kh ;qofr;ka Hkh 6l /ka/ks )sa
0d*<h tk jgh gST ;g 5SKku vkSj c2yko ds fy3 6l )kSt )Lrh
dks )k/;) l)I jgh gST 3slk Hkkjr ds 6frgkl )sa uk dHkh
gqvk gS vkSj u lks$k x;k gST 6ls rd; laxr Xax ls Lora?rk
ds uk) 0j 0zLrqr fd;k tk jgk gST ;g 0ru dh 0jkdkFJk gS T g)
v0uh y[tk [kqyvk) fcuk fdlh fooKkrk ds fy3 )kSt )Lrh ds fy3
cs$us yxs rc 0Kkq )sa o 6u)sa E;k varj gST g) 0Kkqvksa ls
x;s chrs gks jgs gST E;ksfd 0Kkq tks dqL djrs gS os 3d
0zkdGfrd fu;) ds v1rx;r djrs gST
lH;rk vkSj laLdGfr dks $qukSrh " ;g lc gks jgk gS 0a#th ds
2) 0jT h&oh&3d cktkj cu jgk gST ukjh 2sg Hkh cktkj )as
fcdkc oLrq ds P0 )sa 0zLrqr dh tk jgh gST gtkjksa oFkks; ds
R;kx r0L;k ls tks laLdGfr [k*<h :kh @l)sa lsa/k yxkus ds fy3
;g rS;kjh gS la;) ds )gRo dk )tkd cuk;k tk jgk gST tcfdU og
)kuo laLdGfr dh vk/kkjfKkyk gST lkfgR;dkj fo)y f)? U lkgc
choh xqyk) )sa dgrs gS W th tks $kgrk gS og rks 0Kkq Hkh
djrk gS f5j vk2)h dh v0uh foKksFkrk dgka gS . la;) Qa[kyk
154
lk/kuk lc dqL )uqF; ds fy3 gh gS W lkfgR;dkj jkaxs; jk+ko us
l$ dgk gS W la;) dk v:k; +kquk vkSj l*<uk ugha gS LoL:k
cgko gS T W
l)kt dks tkxGr djus dh vkoK;drk " ;g 3d f$1ru dk foFk; gST
vkt yksx lgt Hkko ls dg 2srs gS fd 3slh vuSfrdrk l2k ls gksrh
jgh gST )hf*;k ds dkj.k vc 6u +kukvksa dks 0z$kj f)yus
yxk gST g)kjk )r gS fd )hf*;k ds dkj.k gh +kukvksa dks
)gRo f)yus yxk gST )hf*;k u fl5; 6u +kukvksa dk 0z$kj
dj jgk gS oju og 6udk l):k;u vkSj 0zksRlkgu Hkh 2s jgk gST
og 6u +kukvksa )sa jl ys jgk gST @ls lH;rk laLdGfr ls dqL
ysuk 2suk ugha gST og cktkj dk vax gS og ykHk ds xf.kr
dks 2s[k jgk gST g)kjs v/kd$js lks$ ds fo$kjd @ldh $)d 2)d
vkSj 9;k0d 0z$kj ds vkxs ur)Lrd ls [k*<s gST
;f2 g)kjs thou ls la;) dk rRo gk f2;k x;k rks laLdfr ds
uk) 0j f5j d$jk gh ]ksFk c$sxkT lkjh );k;2k la;) dh
vk/kkjfKkyk 0j [k*<h gST g) uk$ xkuksa dks lkaLdGfrd
dk;;_) dgus yxs gST ysfdu uk$ xkus laLdGfr ugha gST
la;) dks laLdGfr ds ds12z gkus ds fy3 flus)k laLdGfr rd dk
jkx vyk0k tkus yxk gS tcfd flus)k ]kqH ykHk gkfu ds vk/kkj 0j
rS;kj fd;s tkrs gST @udk rd; gS g) tks 2s[kuk $kgrs gSU os
ogh rks f2[kkrs gST 6lfy3 l); dh vkoK;drk gS fd g) 6l
cktkjok2 dks lcd fl[kkus ds fy3 u fl5; l$sr gksU oju dfcH
Hkh gks v1;:kk os Hkksx foyklU fagalk U 6;F;k; U OsFk dk
jk;rk cuk cukdj Hkkjr dks Hkksx Hk#f) cukus )sa dks6; dlj
ugha Lksa*saxs T
vkt Hkkjr )sa l)kt uk) dh $ht l)kNr lh gks x6; gST tks
gks jgk gS U gksus 2ks T g)sa E;k gS . g)kjs ;gka lc Jhd
Jkd gST ysfdu ;g lks$ xyr gST ;g vkx tc g)kjs 0kl vk;sxh rc
g) vdsys 0*< tk;saxsT 6lfy3 Hkys yksxksa dks laxfJr gks
6ldk fojks/k djuk $kfg3 T )fgyk laxJu E;ksa ]kk1r gST ;g
l)I ds 0js gST gj +kuk 0j vkokt @Jkus okys ;s laxJu vxj
)qDJh rku ys rks 2qfu;k dh dks6; rkdr f5j uaxs uk$ djus
ds 0gys lkS ckj lks$sxh T g) ;k2 djsa lRrk 0Mk vkSj fo0Mk
;kSu fKkMkk dks 0kJKkkykvksa )sa 0zkjRHk djus ds fy3 rR0j
:ksT )hf*;k Hkh 0Mk/kj :kk fd1rq 0zcqH ukxfjdksa U
fKkMkdksa ds fojks/k ds 5yLoP0 ;g fo$kj 5k6;yksa )sa c12
djuk 0*<kT vxj g) ukjh xfj)k dh jMkk vkSj laLdGfr ds fy3
155
Hkh vkokt @Jk;sa rks dks6; dkj.k ugah gS fd ;g )u)kuh
$yrh jgsT ;s )2)Lr foykflrk ds gk:kh fugk;r *j0ksd gS 61gs
cktkj dh f$1rk gSU 'kkHk dh f$1rk gST 61gs fd1gha
fo$kjksa U @2D2sK;ksa ls dqL Hkh ysuk 2suk ugha gST
"""""""""""
gsyu dsyj dh 0zsjd l#fEr;k-a
2qHkk;;S; dHkh vdsyk ugha vkrk T tc cqjk l); vkrk gS
rks 2qY[k2 +kuk3- 3d ds ck2 3d +kfr gksrh tkrh gST
vaxzst dfo o ukddkj *gk6*su us fy[kk gS U WW
2qHkk;S; d2kf$r gh vdsyk vkrk gSTWW vk2)h 6u +
kukvksa ls v12j rd #us yxrk gST fujkKk vkSj grkKk gks
tkrk gS vkSj HkkS; dks dkslrk jgrk gS ysfdu )uqF; ds
2GX<lad'Nk vkSj )ukscy dh dgkuh 6u 2qHkk;S;0#.k; +
kukvksa dks $qukSrh Hkh 2srh f2[kk6; 2srh gS vkSj 3slh
gh dgkuh g)kjs fy3 0zsj.kk dk Loj curh gST 2qHkk;S;0#.k;
l); dks lkSHkkS; dk Loj 0z2ku djus okys )kuork ds 0#tkjh
6lfy3 l2k ;k2 fd3 tkrs gST
gsyu dsyj dh dgkuh dqL 3slh gh gST gsyu dsyj dk
t1) 3d lk)k1; ckfydk ds P0 )sa gh gqvk :kkT fd1rq @lds
2qHkk;S; ds Mk.k vEl)kr vk x3T fdlh jksx ds 5'kLoP0 @1uhl
oFk; dh voL:kk )sa @udh us? [;ksfr tkrh jghT dqL f2uks
ack2 @ldh Qo.k ]kkfEr Hkh [kks x6;T 5yLoP0 @ldh ok.kh
Hkh lk:k Lks* x6;T fdlh ckfydk ds fy3 ;g gk2lk fdruk +kkrd
gks ldrk gST 6ldh d'0uk djrs gh flgju 0S2k gksrh gS fo$kj
dhft3 3slh 0fjfL:kfr )sa )krk f0rk dh E;k fL:kfr gq6; gksxhT
os f$1rk ds )gklkxj *#crs vlgk; 2qY[kh gks x3T dqL dky
ck2 @udh Hkh )GR;q gks x6;T ysfdu 6u 0fjfL:kfr;ksa )sa
Hkh gsyu dsyj fujkKk ugha gq6;T os foFk) 0fjfL:kfr;ksa )sa
Hkh @Rlkg ls *h jghT 6ldk dkj.k jgkU @udh 3d v/;kf0dkT
*#crs dks fruds dk lgkjk dh rjg ;g v/;kf0dk 3d 2kKk;fud U
f)? vkSj )kx;2Kk;d dh rjg 0szsj.kk dk ds12z cu x6;T gsyu
dsyj )sa v2R; @RlkgU /kS;; ds dkj.k @1gksus us?ghu U)#d
vkSj c+khu gksrs gq3 Hkh @>$ fKkMkk 0zkNr dhT os *kEj
156
vk5 yk ls lR)kfur gq6; vkSj laLkkj dks @1gksus
vkR)foKokl U vkR)cy vkSj 2GX< lad'Nk ls vkxs cX<us dk
)kx; f2[kk;k T fo0jhr 0fjfL:kfr;ksa )sa Hkh l5yrk dh ;g
dgkuh foKo Hkj )sa ;k2 dh tkrh gST
gsyu dsyj us v0uh ys[kuh ds $)Rdkj ls foKo dks vkK$;;
)sa *ky f2;kT @udh 0qLrdsa W f2 vksf0u *ksj W vkt Hkh 3d
0zsjd l12sKk 2srh gST ftu yksxks dh l)Lr 6f12z;k dk;;jr gSU
@1gs os @lds loks;Rr) @0;ksx ds fy3 lqIko 2srh gS rkfd os
@ldk loks;Rr) @0;ksx dj ldsT os dgrh gS WW )Sa tks v1/kh
g#-U vk-[k okyksa dks 3d lqIko 2s ldrh g#-T v0uh
vk-[kksa dk 3sls @0;ksx dhft3 fd tSls dy vk0 v1/ks gks tkus
okys gS vkSj ;gh rjhdk v1; 6f12z;ksa ds fy3 Hkh v0uk;k tk
ldrk gST yksxks dh d.J /ofu;ksa ds laxhrU 0fMk;ksa ds xhr
vkSj ok\oG12ksa dh Loj ygjh dks 3sls lqfu;s tSls dy vk0 cgjs
gks tk3xsT 0zR;sd oLrq dks 3sls L0Kk; dfj3 tSls dy vk0dh L0Kk;
]kkfEr uF gks tk3xhU 5#yksa dk lkSjHk ;# l#af+k3U Hkkstu
ds 0zR;sd dkSj dk jl ;ks yhft3 tSls dy vk0 l-#+kus U o $[kus
)sa vl):k; gks tkus okys gST 0zdGfr us vk0dks tks lR0d; ds
lk/ku f23 gS U @uds )k/;) ls ;g lalkj vku12 vkSj lkS12;; ds
ftrus Hkh 0gy# vk0ds lk)us @2D+kkfr djsU @u lc 0j vfHk)ku
vuqHko dhft3T WW
;g gS thou ds loks;Rr) ftus dk Xax T dkKk g) ;g dj
0krsT Hkkjrh; /;ku vkSj ;ksx dk ;gh rks l12sKk gS fd g) v0uk
0zR;sd dk;; tkxPd gksdj djsT g)kjk )u or;)ku )sa ft3T g)
Hk#r vkSj HkfoF; ds @0akax LoNuksa ls gdj or;)ku dk
vk1k12 ys ldsT ;gh 3d l12sKk gS tks ldkjkR)d 2GfFdks.k dh
vksj g)sa ys tkrk gST
gsyu dsyj ds us? [;ksfr uF gks tkus ds ck2 @uds
v1rj$Mkq tkx x3 :ksT 6lfy3 v0us vuqHko dks og 6l 0zdkj
crkrh gST W lkS12;; Uvkdkj vuq0kr vkSj _) ds lkj RkRo
v1/kksa dks lqyHk vkSj gLrxr gS T lkS12;; vkSj L12
6f12z;t1; ugha cf'd @lds xgjs fdlh vk/;kfR)d fof/k ds
0fj.kk) gST
v1/kRo ds +kuhHk#r v1/kdkj dks thdj os vk-[kokyks
ds vuqHko 0j fN0.kh 6l 0zdkj 9;Er djrh gST W vk-[kks okys
0zk;Y 6l rjg lks$rs gS fd v1/kksa dh U foKksFkrY cgjs
157
v1/kksa dh U foKksFkrY cgjs v1/kksa dh 2qfu;kU @uds l#;;
0zdkKk ls $)$)krs vkSj g-lrs"[ksyrs lalkj ls fc'dqy vyx gS
vkSj @udh Hkkouk3- vkSj laos2uk3- Hkh fc'dqy vyx gS
vkSj @udh $sruk 0j @udh $sruk 0j @udh 6l vKkfEr vkSj
vHkko dk )#yHk#r 0zHkko gS TW
gsyu dsyj us va/kRoU )#d "c/khj gksdj Hkh l)Lr
$quksfr;ka dks Lohdkj djrs gq3 2qHkk;S; 0#.k; 0fjfL:kfr;ks
dks dSls c2ykU;g Hkh f$1ru dk foFk; gST os dgrh gS W lq[k
dk 3d Okj c12 gksus 0j 2#ljk [kqy tkrk gST ysfdu d6; ckj
dqL yksx c12 Okj dh vksj 6ruh 2sj rd rkdrs jgrs gS fd tks O
kj g)kjs fy3 [kksy f2;k tkrk gSU @ls 2s[k ugha 0krsTW ;g gS
fo0jhr 0fjfL:kfr;ksa ls fu0us dk xf.kr tks Okj c12 gSU @lds
[kqyus dk v1rdky rd 61rtkj grkKkk dk dkj.k gS 6lfy3 [kqys O
kjksa 0j utj *kfy3T vk0dks dks6; u dks6; )kx; f)y gh
tk3xkT
vxj vk0ds lk)us 0zKu ugha gS rks vk0 @Rrj dSls
[kkstsaxsT ;f2 l)L;k ugha gS rks l)k/kku dgk- ls vk3xsT
6lfy3 2qHkk;S; ftls dgk tkrk gST @ls $qukSrh )ku l5yrk ds
I.*s xk*uk gh l5yrk dh loks;Rr) dgkuh gST gsyu dsyj
dgrh gSU W vxj @'ya+ku ds fy3 js[kk3 ugha gksrhU thrus ds
fy3 ck/kk3- ugha gksrhT 0kj djus ds fy3 lh)k3a ugha gksrh
rks thou 0qPLdkj dh rjg vkus okys vku12 dk vuqHko dqL u
dqL d)kh jg tkrh gS T W
dSLkh Hkh foFk) 0fjfL:kfr;ksa gksU @l)sa /kS;;0#o;d
dk) djrs jgukU vkxs cX1kk vkSj Lk5yrk 0kus dh dgkuh fy[k
*kyus dk uk) gS gsyu dsyj T @udk thouU ys[ku 0zsj.kk dk
Loj gS T ;f2 2qfu;k )sa 3d Hkh @2kgj.k gS rks lRHkoukvksa
ds Okj [kqys gq3 vuqHko fd3 tk ldrs gST
"""""""""""""
158
loky v:k;r1? dks /kkf);d cukus dk
/k); ds 0zfr vk/kqfud dky )sa g)kjh 0zoGfek cX<h
gSU /k); jktuhfr )as 6lhfy3 0zosKk djuk $kgrk gSa ;g rd; vc
lquk6; 2sus yxk gS fd /k); ds fcuk jktuhfr Xksax gST /k);
ds 0zfr ;g vkxzg flH djus ds fy3 g)kjs jkFgf0rk )gkR)k xka/kh
ls ysdj )gkuD l1Rk foosdk1k12th ds d:kuksa dk @'ys[k
Hkh fd;k tkrk gST 6l rjg /k); ds 0zfr g)kjk vkxzg dqL vf/kd
xfr 0d*& jgk gST 6lds lkM; gSU g)kjs )f12j U tgk-a 0zfrf2u
/k);0zk.k turk dh Hkh*< cX<rh tkrh gST
ysfdu jktuhfr dHkh vdsyh /kkf);d ugha gks ldrhT /k);
ds $kgs ftl d0 dks g) Lohdkj djsa T ;f2 og jktuhfr )sa 0zosKk
djsxk rks gj fL:krh )sa og v:k;KkkL? dks Hkh 0zHkkfor
djsxkT jktuhfr ;f2 lRrk "lq[k gS rks v:k;r1? @ldh jEr
okfguh fcuk v:k; ra? ds /kkf);d gskus dh $$k; g)sa
dHkh lquk;h ugha 2srhU tcfd cuk;* ]kk- tSls foOku dgrs
gSaU VV/ku foKo dh 0z)q[k oLrq gSTWW g)kjs 2sKk ds )gku
f$1rd d#uhfrZ $k.kE; dgrs gSU VV/k); Lo;a c*<k
]kfErKkkyh gSU fd1rq fcuk /ku ds /kkf);d vuqFJku Hkh
ugah fd;s tk ldrsU 6lhfy3 dgk tkrk gS fd /ku ls /k); dh jMkk
gksrh gST
6l 0zdkj ;g flH fd;k tk ldrk gS fd v:k;r1? dk /kkf);d
Lod0 xzg.k djuk jktuhfr ds /kkf);d gksus dk 0z:k) $j.k
gksxkT ;f2 g) v:k;r1? dks /kkf);d cuk 2sa rks jktuhfr dh
]kqHrk LorY vk tk;sxhT lkjh jktuhfr v:k;r1? ds vkl0kl
Hkz).k djrh f2[kk6; 2srh gST jktuhfr ls ;f2 vkf:k;d fgr vyx
dj f2;sa tk;sa rks jktuhfr dh $)d "2)d 3d2) l)kNRk gks
tk;sxhT
159
jktuhfr gh E;ksa vkt 0zR;sd 9;fEr dh 0zxfrU fodklU thou
Lrj dk )k02.* /ku gST 9;fEr dk 0#-thlR01u gksukU @ldh
l5yrk )kuk tkrk gSaT vkt tks d.Jdk# 0zfr;ksfxrk lkjs foKo
)sa $y jgh gSU @ldk 3d)k? @22DsK; 0-#th0fr gksuk gST
yM)h ds 0zfr g)kjk vkxzg l2k ls gST g) yM)h dks l2k ls 0#tk
dj @ls v0us ;gk- vkus dk fu)a?.k 2srs jgs gST vkt dkys /ku
dh c*<h $$k; gSU fd1rq ;g dkyk /ku l2k ls fo\)ku jgk T
dkyk /ku Hkkjrh; 0qjk"lkfgR; )sa Hkh $$k; dk foFk; jgk gST
)gkHkkjr )sa dgk x;k gS fd /k); dk 0kyu djrs gq3 tsk /ku
0zkNr gskrk gSU ogh l>$k /ku gST tks v/k); ls 0zkNr gksrk
gSaU og /ku rks f/kEdkj 2sus ;ksS; gST lalkj )sa /ku dh
6>Lk ls ]kkKor /k); dk R;kx dHkh ugah djuk $kfg;sT
vkt tc /k); ds 0zfr 6ruk @RlkgU vkxzgU foKokl f2[kk6;
2s jgk gSU rc /ku dh ]kqHrk dk fo$kj yxHkx l)kNr gks jgk gST
)Sauas 3d lkJ oFkh;; xGfg.kh ds 6l foFk; )as fo$kj tkuus
$kgsT og cksyhU VV/ku dh ]kqHrk dk fo$kj )#[k;rk gST vc
t)kuk gFk;2 )sgrk dk gST yksx gtkjksa djks*< dk xcu dj
jgs gSa U 0d*<s ughsa tk jgs gST os c-$h c-$h
fcf'*axksa )sa 3;j d.*hKku d)jksa )sa jg jgs gSaU vkua2
)uk jgs gSaT dks6; @1gsa ugha 0d*< 0k jgkT ltk gskuk
rks cgqr 2#j dh ckr gST 3sls )sa dks6; Lo>LU ]kqH lk/kuksa
ds Okjk /ku vt;u dj Hk#[kk E;ksa )js. djks*<ks ls d) dk
dks6; +kkskyk gks gh ughsa gSTWW )sa lqudj xaHkhj gks
x;kT )fgyk ds 0fr o c>$sU cgq3-a ;g lqu jgs :ksT d6; yskx
ls $$k; gq6;U yxHkx lc dk d:ku :kk fd vk/kqfud ;qx )sa
lk/kuksa dh ]kqHrk dk fo$kj R;kx 2suk $kfg;sU tSls Hkh /ku
0zkNRk gksU l5yrk f)ysU 0zkNRk dj ysuk $kfg;sT
D;k ;g eu 2k)ked gS
vc ;g 0zKu @Jrk gS fd /ku ds 0zfr ;g vk/kqfud 2GfFdks.k
E;k fdlh Hkz) 0j vk/kkfjr gSU oLrqrY ;g Hkz) 0j vk/kkfjr ugha
gST ;g Hkh thou dh 3d l>$k6; gST HkzF )kx; ls /ku vt;u
djus okys Hkh l5yrk 0krs gST l)kt )sa @udk lR)ku cX<rk
gST
6l lac/k )sa KkkL?ksa )sa /k); dk )gRo 0zd djrs gq3
]yksd dgk x;k gST 6l ]yksd )sa dgk x;k gS fd fd;k gqvk 0k0
0G:oh )sa cks3 gq3 cht dh Hkk-afr rRdky 5y ugah 2srkU
fd1rq /khjs " /khjs 5fyr gksus dk l); vkus 0j 0k0drk; dk
160
)#yks>Ls2u dj 2srk gST v/k); ls 0gys dqL l); rd rks oGfH
gksrh gS vkSj @lls lHkh 0zdkj ds oSHko Hkh f2[kk6; 2srs
gSa vkSj @lls ]k?qvksa 0j fot; Hkh 0zkNr gksrh gSU f5j @lds
ck2 @ldk l)qy ukKk gks tkrk gSTWW
3slk gh fo$kj /k);jkt ;qf/kfFJj ds )u )sa ouokl ds l);
vk;k :kkT @1gksaus ^fFk ysk)sKkth ls 0#Lk :kkU
VVHkxokua )sjk thou v/kkf);d ugha dgk tk ldrkU r:kkf0
)Sa fujarj 2qY[kks ls 0zrkf*<r gksrk jgk g#-T /k); djus 0j
Hkh 6ruk 2qY[k dk @2; . vkSj @/kj v/k); dk lsou djus okys
lq[k " l)GfH ds 6rus Hkktu . 6ldk dkj.k E;k gS . ou0o; )sa
6ldk @Rrj 2srs gq3 ^fFk yks)sKk dgrs gSU VV v/k); ds
vk$j.k ls )uqF; dh oGfH tks f2[kk6; 0*<rh gSU og L:kk;h u
gksdj Mkf.kd gh gksrh gST )uqF; v/k); ls cX<rk gSU @lds
ck2 d';k.k dks 2s[krk gSU og ]k?qvksa dsk Hkh thrrk gSU
0j1rq v1r )sa og l)#y uF gks tkrk gST v/kkf);d Lo;a gh
uF ugha gksrkU 0zR;qr v0us 0q? " 0kS?k2dksa ds lk:k gh
lo;2k ds fy;s uF gsk tkrk gSWWT ;gh r:; )uq )gkjkt 6u
]kC2ksa )sa dgrs gSaU VVv/k); ls 0gys @1ufr
gksrhf2[kk6; 2srh gSU f5j lc 0zdkj ds oSHko f2[kk6;
2srs gSaU ]k?qvksa 0j 3d ckj fot; 0zkNr gskrh gSU 0j dqL
l); ds ck2 gh lc t*<)#y ls ukKk gsk tkrk gST
0qjk lkfgR; )sa jk) U 0k-a$ 0k.*oU jktk gfjKk$12zU uy "
2);1rh ftrus Hkh 0k? la+kFk;jr ouoklh ruko Isyrs v0uh
dgkuh ds 0zkjRHk )sa f2[kk6; 2srs gSaU os lc lR; ds 0:k 0j
$ydj var )sa v0us @22sK; )sa l5y gq3T 6ruk gh ughaU
lk/kuksa dh ]kqHRkk 0j foKokl u djus okysU $kgs tSls lcy jgs
gksU var )sa l0fjokj l)#y uF gks x;s gST ;g vuqHko 0zk$hu
lkfgR; dk gh ughaU vk/kqfud dky dk Hkh gSaT g)kjs
jkFgf0rk lk/kuksa dh ]kqHrk ds vk/kkj dks 2GX<rk ls 0d*<
foKo dh )gkur) ]kkfEr fczfKk lk)zk[; ls djk;s vkSj lR;U
vfgalk U 0zs) UlR;kxzg tSls /kkf);d gf:k;kjksa ds cy 0j l5yrk
0zkNr dj fy;sT vkt tc g) gFk;2 )sgrk vkf2 ds vkf:k;d +
kkskyksa dh $$k; dj ;g dgrs gS fd fdldk E;k fcx*<k Urc
gh lh&ch&vk6;& dks 1;k;y;ksa Okjk f2;s x;s fu2s;Kkksa ds
5yLoP0 @>>k 02L:k vf/kdkjh U)kuuh; )1?hU )1?h0q? vkSj
Lok)hth tSls lRRkk ds 0zrhd tsyksa ds lha[k$ksa ds 0hLs
tkrs f2[kk6; 2s jgs gS vkSj dks6; @udks lgk;rk 2sus dks
161
rR0j ugha gST vc vk) ukxfjd Hkh l)Ius o dgus yxk gS fd
tsk tSlk djsxkU oSlk HkjsxkT
v/k); ls 0zkNr /ku dkyk /ku gS vkSj lk/kuksa dh ]kqfH dk
fo$kj u dj fd;s x;s dk;; 0k0d); gST @udk v1r vkt ugha rks
dy cqjk gksrk gh gST /k); )sa jktuhfr ds 0zosKk dk ukjk
Xksax gks ldrk gST lRrk"0zkfNr dk )k/;) gks ldrk gSU fd1rq
v:k;r1? dh ]kqfH ds )k/;) ls ;f2 3d d2) Hkh cX<k f2;k x;k
rks jktuhfr v0us vk0 /k);); gks tk;sxhT v:k;r1? dh ]kqfH ds
fy;s ;g vkoK;d gS fd okrkoj.k dh ]kqfH gksT vkt tks 3d )krk
v0us 0q? ds lR)q[k lk/kuksa dh ]kqfH dk fo$kj u dj l5yrk
0zkNr dj ysus dk @2D+kksFk dj ysrh gSU og okrkoj.k )sa Lk;k
0zkjfRHkd /kq-/k gST 6ls Lk-1ks ds fy;s 6;Kojh; 0zsj.kk
ls 1;k;ky;ksa o 0z$kj )k/;)ksa us c*<k @Rr) dk;; dj f2;k
gST vc vkoK;drk gSU 9;fEr;ksa ds 2GX<"0zfrZ gksus ds fy;s
3d Qa[kyk cuus dhT tc lR;fuFJ @Rr) $fj? ds 9;fErRo jktuhfr
o v:k;r1? 0j vf/kdkj 0k;saxs rks v0us vk0 lk/kuksa dh ]kqfH
dk fo$kj cyoku gksus yxsxkT 2sj gks ldrh gSU v1/ksj ughaT
ok')hfdth jk)k;.k ds vj.;dk.* )sa dgrs gSU WW /k); ls
gh /ku f)yrk gS vkSj /k); ls gh lq[k f)yrk gST vf/kd E;k
gS . /k); ls lc dqL f)y tkrk gST vrY 6l foKo )sa /k); gh lkj
LoP0 xzkgD; oLrq gS TWW
/k); )f12jksa )sa rks gSU fd1rq @lds xq.kksa dks
l2k$j.k ds P0 )sa /kkj.k djuk 0z)q[k foFk; gSU E;ksfd /k);
2Sfud thou )sa @0;ksx vkus dh oLrq gST ;f2 thou /k););
ugah cuk rks Hktu"0#tuU xk;u thou )sa c2yko ugha yk
0k;saxsT os 5SKku ds P0 )sa vagdkj dh oGfH ds dkj.k cu
tk;saxs vkSj lk/kuksa dh ]kqHrk dk fo$kj yksHk o yky$ ds
ch$ d0#;j dh rjg 0rk ugha dc gok )s @*< tk;sxkU 6lfy;s
dsoy v0us thou )sa /k); dks j$ukR)d P0 2s 2hft;sT jktuhfr
)sa /k); v0us vk0 vk tk;sxkT @ldh f$1rk dh vkoK;drk ugha
gST
""""""""""
162
Qh yksd)k1; fryd ds t1Rk f2ol 0j
os )gku foOku vkSj @xz 0?dkj :ks
2sFk ds Lora?rk laxzk) )sa ftu jktusrkvksa us v0us
lR0#.k; thou dh vkg#fr 2h @u)sa d);;ksxh yksd)k1; fryd
dk uk) l2k 0zkrY L)j.kh; jgsxk T tc 2sFk *jk gqvk U Hk;Hkhr
:kk U xqyk)h dh taftjksa ls td*<k gqvk :kk U vk) vk2)h tc
v0uk vkR) lR)ku Hk#y jgk :kkU rc W Lora?rk g)kjk t1) flH
vf/kdkj gS U g) 6ls ysdj jgsxs fd ga#dkj Hkjus okys cky
xaxk/kj fryd 3dk3d Hkkjrh; tu)kul 0j Lk x3 vkSj os W yksd)k1;
V fryd gks x3 T Lojk[; dk )a? 2sFk ds tutu ds )u )sa Lk x;k
vkSj 3d tkxj.k dk flaguk2 gks x;k T
cky xaxk/kj fryd v0us ckydky ls 0zfrHkk lR01u )kSfyd
f$1rd :ks T )gkfo\ky; ds v/;;u dky ls gh @u)sa 2sFk HkfEr
vkSj Lora?rk ds fo$kj ds fo$kj r#5ku dh rjg @)*< +
kq)*< jgs :ks T os Lk? thou ls gh oSHkoFkkyh lR01u thou
163
ds LoNu ugha 2s[k jgs :ks U @uds jx jx )sa dsoy Lora?rk dk
LoNu :kk T
Qh cky xaxk/kj fryd dk t1) (, tqyk6; %=47 dks jRufxjh
)gkjkKg )sa gqvk :kk T @udk c$0u dk uk) dsFko :kk T
@uds f0rk xaxk/kj 0ar fFkMkk foHkkx )sa @0fujhMkd :ks T Qh
fryd dks )krG lq[k ugha :kk T @udh )krkth dk 2sgkolku
c$0u )sa gh gks x;k :kk T @udk 0kyu 0ksKk.k @udh $k$h us
fd;k T Qh fryd dk )/;)oxh;; 0jR0jkok2h 0fjokj :kk T @uds
f0rkth us c$0u )sa gh Qh fryd dks cgqr dqL daJL:k djk f2;k
:kk vkSj xf.kr vkSj laLdGr dh Hkh v>Lh rS;kjh djk 2h :kh T
Qh fryd dk fookg Hkh fdFkksjkoL:kk )sa gks x;k T @uds
f0rk dh )GR;q Hkh t'2h gks x6; T f5j Hkh dfJu Q) dj
0X<k6; djrs jgs T luD %=8A )sa @1gksus odkykr 0kl dh T
tutkxj.k " Qh fryd dh Pf$ 0zkjRHk ls gh v/;k0u dk;; )sa jgh T
@1gksus 1;# 6afSyFk Ld#y vkSj *sEdu 3t#dshku lkslk;k
dh L:kk0uk dh T @udk )r :kk fd fhkMkk ds fcuk tutkxj.k ulh
lks ldrk T tutkxj.k ds fy3 lh Qh fryd us )jkJh lkNrkfld dskjh
dk 0zdkFku 0zkjRHk fd;k T os x); fo$kjksa ds tqIkP 0?dkj
:ks T os fuKNkMk vkSj fuHkh;d fo$kj 0zLrqr djrs :ks T
luD %=A, )sa 0#.ks )sa fg12#")qfLy) 2axs gq3 T
@1gksus rc fufHk;drk ls fy[kk fd fg12# vkSj )qfLy) gh 6u
2axksa ds 2ks 0Mk ugha gST 6l 0j xgjk6; ls fo$kj djsxs rks
rhljk 0Mk ljdkj dk Hkh vk3xk T vrY 2axksa ds dkj.kksa dh
foos$uk djrs l); rhuksa 0Mkksa 0j /;ku f2;k tkuk $kfg3 T
jkKgh; @Rloksa dk 0zkjRHk " tutkxj.k ds fy3 Qh fryd us
x.ksFkksRlo dk 0zkjRHk fd;k T 6u @Rloksa ds cgkus
)uksjatu ds lk:k lk:k yksd fFkMk.k Hkh gksrk :kk T 6u
@Rloksa 0j fofo/k foKk;ksa 0j 0zo$u Hkh gksrs :ks T ;g @Rlo
6l cgkus lkjs )gkjkKg )sa yksd fFkMk.k dk )a$ cu x;k T
6lh ds lk:k @1gksus fFko t;arh dk jkKgh; @Rlo Hkh
0zkjRHk fd;k T 6l @Rlo 0j @1gksus dsFkjh 0f?dk ds lR0k2dh;
)sa fy[kkU W jkKg ds )gk0qPKkksa dks L)j.k djuk jkKgh;rk
dh Hkkouk dks txk3 j[kus dk 3d v>Lk )k/;) gS T V os L?0fr
fFkokth ds HkEr :ks T fFkokth ds $fj? ds lRc1/k )sa fy[krs
gS WW tks 0zxfr dh 6>Lk djrk gS @ls lk/kq l)Iuk $kfg3 vkSj
tks 0zxfr )sa ck/kk *kyrk gS @ls 2qK T L?0fr fFkokth
)gkjkt us g)kjh 0zxfr ds vk*s vkus okyh dfJuk6;;ka 2#j dj
164
g)kjk )kx; ljy dj f2;k T os v5ty [kka dks )kjuk ugha $kgrs
:ksT cf'd os 0zxfr ds )kx; )s vkus okys ladksa dks 2#j
djuk $kgrs :ksT ;f2 @lds )qly)ku gksus ds dkj.k os @ls
)kjuk $kgrs rks @ldh chch dks xgus vkf2 2sdj lR)ku0#o;d
chtk0qj ugaha Hkstrs VV
vdky jkgr " luD %=87"88 )sa vdky dk lk;ka )gkjkKg 0j
0*<k rc ljdkj us W 5sf)u fjyh5 dks* V cuk;k fd1rq
0zdkfFkr fd;k vaxzsth )sa T yksd kfEr tkxj.k ds fy3 Qh fryd
us @ldk )jkJh vuqok2 0zdkfFkr fd;k vkSj lko;tfud lHkk ds
dk;;drk;vksa dks forj.k dj jkgr dk;; fof/korD $ykus 0j cy
f2;k T 6l 0qfLrdk )as fy[kk W dt; ysdj yxku )r Hkjksa V
ljdkj us 6l 0j dqL dk;;drk;vksa ds foPH )qd2)sa 2k;j fd3
T Qh fryd us @udk )qd2)k y*<k vkSj tu tkxj.k dk ka[kuk2
fd;k T
jkt2zksg dk )qd2)k " jkuh foEksfj;k ds jk[;kjksg.k ds 7B
oKk; 0#js gks jgs :ks T 6l volj 0j 3d 2kor vk;ksftr dh x6;
:khT 6l volj 0j dysEj jSa* vkSj vk;L; dh gR;k dh 3d f2y
2gykus okyh +k1kk gq6;T Qh fryd us 6l +k1kk dh fua2k
dh vkSj kklu dk /;ku f2yk;k fd 6l +kuk ds uk) 0j csdl#j
yksxksa dks 0jsFkku u fd;k tk3 T
6l +k1kk ds ck2 tc fu);)rk dk @0;ksx dj vk) yksxks
dk 2)u fd;k tkus yxk rks Qh fryd us dsFkjh )sa 3d @xz ys[k
fy[kk ftldk khKk;d :kk W ljdkj dk f2)kx fJdkus 0j gS E;k
. V 6l 0j kklu us Qh fryd 0j jkt2zksg dk vkjks0 yxk;k T ljdkj dk
dguk :kk fd fFkokth @Rlo 0j Qh fryd dk HkkKk.k Hk*dkc :kk
vkSj @lh ds @dlkos 0j ;s +kuk3a +kfr gq6; T 6l vkjks0 ds
LkRca/k )sa Qh fryd us dgk fd 6u vkjks0ksa )sa dks6; 2)
ugha gS T os fy[krs gS WW jktuhfr )sa dk) djrs gq3 tksf[k)
rks @Jkuk gh 0*<rk gS T g)kjs dk) )sa LoHkkfodrk gS
vkSj )Sa 6ldk lk)uk djus dks rS;kj g#- T VV
Qh fryd dks 6l vfHk;ksx )sa vJkjg )kg dh ltk 2h x6; T
Qh fryd dks S;kjg )ghus dh ltk dkus ds ck2 7 flrRcj %=A=
dks fjgk dj f2;k x;k T dkjkokl )sa @udk LokL:k Jhd ugha
jgk T @udk otu rhl 0kSa* d) gks x;k T 6l ltk ls ukxfjdks )sa
fu*jrk dk Hkko @0tk vkSj tutkxj.k gqvk T
165
dt;u ds vR;k$kj " 6l ch$ ok;ljk; ds PNk )sa yk*; dt;u vk3
vkSj @1gksus Lora?rk laxzk) o ukxfjdksa 0j vR;k$kj dj 2)u
$dz $yk;k rkfd yksx Hk;Hkhr gks tk3 vkSj @udk )ukscy
#s T rc Qh fryd us 3d dJksj lR0k2dh; fy[kk T fryd us fy[kk
W yk*; dt;u 0#js fg12#Lrku )sa jko.k dh rjg vdsyk gh
)u)kSth gksdj uk$uk $kgrk gS T lR0fr vkSj lRrk ds vfHk)ku
ls @ldh vEy 0j 6ruk tcjtLr 02k; 0*<k gqvk gS fd fdlh I#)rs
gk:kh dh rjg og caxkyh Mks? ds yksd)r dks +kkal dh rjg
dq$y jgk gS TV
3d vksj vxzys[k )sa Qh fryd fy[krs gS WW )u)kuh djus
okys dz#j vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vk-[ks [kksyus ds fy3 @udh ;k
foyk;r ds kkldksa dh f)1urs djus ds ctk; g)sa vf/kd d*<os
6ykt djuk $kfg3 T jkKgh; cfgKdkj U ;g @u)sa ls gh 3d 6ykt
gS VV Qh fryd 0j Qh)2D Hkxo2 xhrk dk v2DHk#2 0zHkko :kk
T @uds 3d vxzys[k dk khKk;d :kk W cfgKdkj ;ksx V 6l
vkys[k )sa W ;ksxY d);lq dkSFky) V ds vuqlj.k dh lykg 2h
x6; :kh T
6l 0zdkj Qh fryd us v0us lkNrkfgd dsFkjh dks Lora?rk
laxzk) o tutkxjk.k dk gf:kgkj cuk f2;k cuk f2;k :kk T
yky cky vkSj 0ky " Lora?rk laxzk) )sa ykyk ykt0r jk; U cky
xaxk/kj fryd vkSj fof0u$12z 0ky dh f?)#fr; v0us fo$kjksa dh
@xzrk ds dkj.k lkjs 2sFk )sa 0zflH gks $qdh :kh vkSj 6udk
)a? Lo2sFkh UcfgKdkj vkSj jkKgh; fFkMkk dk fo$kj 0#js 2sFk
)sa 9;k0d PNk ys $qdk :kk T fo2sFkh d0*ksa dh gksyh txg
txg tyk6; tk jgh :kh vkSj fczfFk )ky o kklu dk cfgKdkj
2sFk ds vk12ksyu dk fgLlk cu $qdk :kk T
Qh fryd dgrs gS W Lojk[; $kgrs gks rks Lo2sFk dh jMkk
ds fy3 dfcGH gksuk gh 0*s<xkU Lo2sFk ds 0zfr ;g tks ))rk gS
U ogha Lo2sFkh ozr dh tuuh gS T vk;;Hk#f) dks )krk ds PNk
)sa 2s[kuk gh Lo2sFkh vfHk;ku gS T Lo2sFkh vkSj Lojk[;
vfHk1u gS V Lo2sFkh dk vf1r) PNk Lojk[; gS T
6u fo$kjksa vkSj cky xaxk/kj fryd dh xfrfof/k;ksa ls
vaxzst ljdkj 0jsFkku :kh 0j djs rks E;k djs T yksd)k1; fryd dk
ys[ku vkSj dk;; 9;ogkj fof/k dh );k;2k ds v12j gksrs gq3
Hkh fufHk;d U fu*j :kk T tutkxj.k dk ak[kuk2 f2u 0zfrf2u
cX<rk gh tk jgk :kk T 6u lcls 0jsFkku gks fryd 0j vkradok2h
xfrfof/k;ksa dks 0zQ; vkSj 0zksRlkgu 2sus dk vkjks0 )X<dj (/
166
tqyk6; %AB= dks )qRc6; )sa fxj`rkj dj fy;k T 6l volj dk
ykHk @Jkdj Qh fryd us Lora?rk vk12ksyu dk l):k;u djrs
gq3 v0uk 0Mk j[kk T 1;k;ky; us @1gs Lg oKkks; dh ltk
lquk6; T fryd us 6l volj 0j 1;k;ky; )sa [k*<s gksdj dgk WW
[;#jh us Hkys gh )qIs 2ksKkh Jgjk;k gS 0j )Sa 2ksKkh
ugha g-# T 1;k;0hJ ls Hkh @-$h 3d 3slh kfEr gS tks
lalkfjd ckrksa 0j fu;a?.k djrh gS T kk;2 6;Foj dh gh ;g 6>Lk
gksxh fd )qIs ltk 2h tk3 vkSj ltk Hkqxrus ls gh )sjs v0uk;s
gq3 dk;; dks cX<kok f)y tk; VV
Qh fryd ds ;s kC2 vkt Hkh gk6;dks; )as yxh gq6; 3d
fFkyk0D 0j vafdr gS vkSj g)sa cjcl yksd)k1; dh lkglHkjh
fufHk;drk dk L)j.k djkrs gS T [;#jh ls @1gksus dgk :kk WW
)Sa 1;k; )kax jgk g-# T 2;k dh Hkh[k ugha VV
Qh yksd)k1; fryd us ;g ltk )ka*ys dkjkxkj )sa dkh
vkSj ;gha @1gksus v0uk Qh )2DHkxo2 xhrk 0j HkkK; fy[kk T
yxkrkj la+kKk; " dkjkxkj ls )qEr gksus ds ck2 Hkh Qh fryd
yxkrkj dkaxszl dh xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj lR;kxzg )sa Hkkx ysrs
jgs T os vk/kqfud fo$kj /kkjk ds 0ksKkd :ks T @1gksus
L#vkL#r ds fo$kjksa dh d*<s kC2ksa )sa fu12k dhT
@1gksus ;gk- rd dgk W 6;Foj dks ;f2 vL0GF;rk )at#j gS rks
)Sa 6ls 6;Foj gh ugha dg#axk VV @1gksus l)rk ds Loj
2srs gq3 6l vka2ksyu dk l):k;u fd;k T
os Lora?rk laxzk) dks xfr 2sus ds fy3 6aSyS* Hkh x3 T
@1gksus ogk- Hkkjr dh Lora?rk ds fy3 yscj 0kh; ls
l):k;u )kaxk T 6l LkRc1/k )sa W ls'5 f*jf)usFkuV uk)d
0qfLrdk rS;kj dh vkSj @1gs ogk- c-ok;k T
@xz Nk?dkj " Qh yksd)k1; fryd 3d @xz 0?dkj :ks T
@1gksus W dsljh V dks gf:k;kj cuk dj Lora?rk laxzk) )sa
@ldk fufHk;drk ls fof/k lR)r Xax ls @0;ksx fd;k vkSj l)k$kj
0? dks )k/;) cuk dj Lora?rk dk ka[kuk2 fd;k T 6l)sa @uds
x.ksFkksRlo vkSj fFkokth @Rlo dk tu tkxj.k )sa )gRo0#.k;
;ksx2ku jgk T
os dgrs :ks W Hkxoku us )kuo dks ok.kh 2h gS T @ls
Lhu ysus dk ljdkj dks dks6; vf/kdkj ugha gS T )q[k ls 0zd
gksus okys fo$kjksa dks 0s )sa J#ls j[kuk vu:k;dkjh gS T
V os fo$kj Lora? ds 0zcy l):k;d :ks T @1gksus dgk W 0#js
lks$ fo$kj ds 0h$kr kkL?"FkqH Xax ls cus fo$kjksa dks
167
c2yus dh kfEr tsy ds lhd$ksa )sa d2kf0 ugha gksrh gST
l)k$kj 0?ksa ds @2D2sF; dks ysdj os fy[krs gS W vfu;af?r
jktlrk 0j vadqFk yxkuk l)k$kj 0?kas dk l>>kk @0;ksx gST
0j) foOku " yksd)k1; fryd Lora?rk laxzk) ds foOku
usrkvksa )sa ls 3d :ks T xhrk jgL;) ds PNk )sa xhrk dh tks
9;k[;k @1gksus lalkj dks 2h U og l2k @udk L)j.k djkrh
jgsxh T @udk lR0#.k; thou xhrk ds 2Fk;u ls 0zHkkfor jgk T
os dgk djrs :ks W )Sa ;f2 vktk2 fg12qLrku )sa t1) ysrk rks
xf.kr dk 0zks5slj cu dj kks/k dk;; djrk T
yksd)k1; fryd dk thou g)sa l2k 0zsj.kk 2srk jgsxk T
"""""""""""""
d fopkjd ds ,i esa lj.kj o11k2k 2kk4- i&sy
168
g)kjs 2sKk ds 0z:k) @0 0z/kku)a?h lj2kj o''kHk Hkk6;
0sy Lora?rk laxzk) ds lsuk0fr rks :ks ghU os Lora? Hkkjr
ds fu)k;rk Hkh :ksT @1gksus v0uh vuks[kh l#Ic#I ls
2sKk dks 2sKkh jk[;ksa dks fcuk fdlh [k#u [kjkcsa ds
Hkkjrh; la+k )sa lfRRkfyr djus )sa )gku l5yrk 0k6;T os v0uh
tokuh )sa gh odkykr Lks*< Lora?rk laxzk) )sa lf_;
Hk#f)dk fuok;g djus yxs :ksT @1gksus vlg;ksx
vk12ksyuU ckj*ksyh lR;kxzgU [ks*<k vk12ksyu )sa lf_;
Hk#f)dk fuHkk6;T )gkR)k xka/kh ds vR;1r foKoluh;
lg;ksxh rjg os vfgalk o lR;kxzg ds vk2Kkks; dk l2k 0kyu djrs
jgsT os dkaxzsl v/;Mk Hkh jgs vkSj 2sKk ds @0 0z/kku)a?h
r:kk xGg )a?h ds P0 )sa l5y 0zKkkld Hkh )kus x3T 6l P0 )sa
os W ykSg 0qPFk W ds P0 )sa tkus tkrs :ksT
@udh 0zKkklfud Mk)rkU fu.k;; ysus ds ]kfEr U2GX<
lad'0 vkSj lkgl dh vusd d:kk3- 0z$fyr gST fd1rq 6u lcds @0j
os 3d fo$kjd Hkh :ks vkSj 2sKk ds HkfoF; dks ysdj @udk
v0uk f$1ru :kkT @uds xk-/khok2h fo$kj :ks 6lfy3 2hu ghu
fuc;y xjhc 9;fEr ds 0Mk )sa os l2k fo$kjjr jgsT Hkkjr
xzk)ksa dk 2sKk gS vkSj dGFkdksa dh 2Kkk v>Lh ugha
gSU ;g os tkurs :ks vkSj 6lfy3 os fdlkuksa ds 0Mk/kj vkSj L0F
oErk jgsT @uds fo$kjksa )sa @udk $fj? UL0F oErk vkSj
2GXrk Iydrh :khT
os 3d fo$kjd Hkh :ksT fo$kjd dh rjg @1gksus dks6;
ys[ku dk;; rks ugha fd;k fd1rq @uds HkkFk.kksa )sa @udh
l#M) 2GfF f2[kk6; 2srh gST @uds fo$kjd P0 0j vHkh rd /;ku
ugha f2;k x;k gST @uds t1) f2ol 0j @uds 6l P0 0j fo$kj djuk
@f$r gksxkT
dGFkd 2GfF " lj2kj 0sy dh 2GfF 3d )k)#yh fu/k;u dGFkd ds
0zfr lgkuqHk#fr o lg;ksx dh :khT os dgrs gSU W fdlku ds
cjkcj lj2hU xj)hU )sg vkSj )>LjU f0Ll# oxSjgk dk @02zo dkSu
lgu dj ldrk gST lkjh 2qfu;k fdlku ds vk/kkj 0j fdh gq6; gST
2qfu;k dk vk/kkj fdlkuksa vkSj )t2#jksa 0j gSU f5j Hkh lcls
[;k2k tq') dks6; lgrk gS rks os 2ksuks lgrs gST
fdlku ds xkSjo xku ds fy3 os dgrs gSU W 6l /kjrh 0j vxj
fdlh dks lhuk rku dj $yus dk vf/kdkj gks rks og /kjrh ls
169
/k1; /kk1; 0S2k djus okys fdlku gh gST W 6lfy3 os L0F +
kksFk.kk djrs :ksU W dGFkd dks fdldk *j W
2fj2zrk " lj2kj 0sy us xzk)h.k thou dh 2fj2zrk dk vuqHko
fd;k :kkT 6lfy3 os v0us 3d HkkFk.k )sa dgrs gSU W xjhch )sa
)uqF; ftruk curk gSU @ruk v)hjh )sa ugha curk W ;gk- 0qu
Y @1gsa xjhc dGFkd dk /;ku vkrk gST os dgrs gSU W2fj2z
ukjk;.k ds 2Kk;u djuk gks rks
fdlkuksa ds Iks0*<ksa )sa tkvksTW
fuHk;;rk " @udk thou fuHk;; ohj dk jgk vkSj 6ldh
0GFJHk#f) )sa vk/;kfR)d f$1ru cksyrk utj vkrk gST 2sf[k3
2sgkrh fuHk;;rk dk L0F l12sKk os fdu ]kC2ksa )sa 2srs
gSU W Hkxoku ds vkxs Iqduk $kfg3T g)kjk flj dHkh u
Iqdus okyk gksuk $kfg3T 2sgkr )sa jgus okys fuHk;;
gksus $kfg3T 6lds ctk; @u)sa g)sKkk Hk; jgrk gST W
Lora?rk laxzk) ds l); os v0us vk/;kfR)d cy dh @2D+
kksFk.kk fdu ]kC2ksa )sa djrs gSU W ;g ]kjhj f)Dh dk cuk
gSU ykfJ;ksa ls flj ds qd*sa gks tk3xsT )xj f2y ds qd*s
ugha gksaxsU vkR)k dks xksyh ;k ykJh ugha )kj ldrsT f2y
ds Hkhrj dh vlyh $ht dksU vkR)k dksU dks6; gf:k;kj ugha
L# ldrk T W
3d v1; HkkFk.k )sa os dgrs gSU W 0zk.k ysus dk vf/kdkj
rks 6;Koj dks gS U ljdkj dh rks0 c12#d g)kjk dqL ugha dj
ldrh TW
2sKk lsok ds lRc1/k )sa os dgrs gSU W2sKk dh lsok djus
)sa tks f)Jkl gSU og vkSj fdlh $ht )sa ugha TW
xk-/khth dk 0zzHkko " @Er HkkFk.k )sa 9;Er fo$kj
xka/khth dh vk/;kfR)d lR; vfgalk dk 0zHkko gST g)kjk
jkFgh; Lora?rk dk vk12ksyu Hkys gh jktuhfrd jgk gks
fd1rq @l 0j vk/;kfR)d fo$kjksa dh Lk0 gj usrk 0j jghT lj2kj
o'yHk 0sy @lls vL#rs dSls jgrsT os dgrs gSU W )sjk /k);
[kq2 tkxGr jg dj fuj1Rkj tkxGr j[kuk gST W turk dh ]kfEr dks
os l)Irs :ksT @1gksus dgkU W tc turk 3d gks tkrh gS rc
@lds lk)us tkfy) gqdq)r Hkh ugha fd ldrh TW os v0uk
170
dr;9; gj fL:kfr )sa 0#.k; djus )sa foKokl djrs :ksT os dgrs
gSU W jk[; v0uk /k); 0kyu djs ;k uk djsU )xj g)sa rks v0uk
dr;9; 0#jk djus ds fy3 rS;kj jguk $kfg3T W
xk-/khth ds 2fj2zukjk;.k ds fo$kj dks 2sf[k3 fdrus
lq12j Xax ls os 9;Er djrs gSU W Hkxoku lcls 2qY[kh
)uqF;ksa )sa jgrk gSU og )gyksa )sa ugha tkrk T W
2GX< fuK$;h " os v0us flHkarksa o fo$kjksa ds lRc1/k )sa
2GX< fuK$;h :ksT WHkkjr dh 3drk dk fu)k;.k W )sa os dgrs
gSU W l>>kh ckr rks ;g gS fd 2ks +kks*ks 0j lokjh ugha gks
ldrhT 3d +kks*s 0j gh lokjh gksxhT v0uk +kks*k 0l12 dj yksT
W os 3d ckj v0uk fuK$; djus ds ck2 Lok:k;oKk c2yus dh
fu12k djrs gST
vkt ds usrGRo 0j fN0.kh " vkt gj dk;;drk; usrk gksuk $kgrk
gST 02 fyNlk 2s[krs gh curh gS 6ldh Iyd lj2kj o'yHk Hkk6;
0sy us 2s[k yh :khT 6l 0j os dgrs gSU :kks*k HkkFk.k 2suk
vk tkus ls vkSj v[kckjkssa )sa fy[kuk lh[k tkus ls gh usrk cu
tkus dh uo tokuksa dh d'0uk gks rks xyr gST lhX<h 2j
lhXh $X1kk $kfg3T W 3d v1; HkkFk.k )ssa os dgrs gS U W tks
vk2)h lh/kk usrk cu tkrk gST og fdlh u fdlh f2u yqXd tkrk
gST
tokuksa dks 3d l12sKk " tokuksa ds lRc1/k )sa @1gksus
tks dgkU og rks )kuksa 3d v)j l12sKk gS os dgrs gSU W tokuh
dks tkrs 2sj ugha yxrh vkSj x6; tokuh ok0l ugha vkrhT tks
)uqF; tokuh ds 3d 3d 0y dk @0;ksx djrk gSU og dHkh cqX<k
ugha gksrkT l2k toku cus jgus dh 6>Lk okyk )uqF; )jrs 2)
rd v0us dr;9; 0kyu )sa tqk jgrk gSTW 6l l12sKk dks vkt
Hkh l)Ius vkSj @0;ksx )sa ykus dh vkoK;drk gST
[kqKkk)2 " lRrk o usrGRo ds vkxs vkt ftl jksx dk 9;k0d
@0;ksx gks jgk gS T @lds foFkk.kqvksa dks lj2kj 0sy us
0g$kuk :kkT os fdlku )kufldrk ds L0Fok2h oErk :ksT vrY
[kqKkk)2 dks ysdj dgs x3 @uds o$uksa ls vHkh Hkh ykHk
@Jk;k tk ldrk gST os dgrs gSU W 6l 2qfu;k )sa lRRkk ds
0hLs yxk gqvk lcls c*<k jksx dks6; gks ldrk gS rks og
[kqKkk)2 gS TW
171
W lH;rk UfKkFk$kj vkSj [kqKkk)2 )sa d6; 5d; djus dh vk2r
*kfy3T ft1gsa [kqKkk)2 f0z; gksrh gS @1gsa l>$h ckr )hJh
HkkFkk )sa dgh tk3 rks Hkh d*<oh yxrh gST W;g vkt Hkh
lR; gS vkSj 6l lR; ds 2Kk;1k lRrk vkSj laxJu Lrj 0j 2s[ks tk
ldrs gS T
vuqKkklu " lj2kj o'yHk Hkk6; 0sy Lora?rk laxzk) ds 3d
vuqKkkflr lSfud :ksT v0us usrk )gkR)k xka/kh ds 6Kkkjs dks
os l)Irs :ksT 6lfy3 vuqKkklu ds lRc1/k )sa @uds l12sKk
dks vkt Hkh L)j.k fd;k tkuk $kfg3T fcuk vkR)kuqKkklu ds
dHkh Hkh dks6; dk;; ugha gks ldrkT os dgrs gSU W
fl0kgh ;g dgs fd g)sa y*<uk rks gS )xj os gf:k;kj ugha
j[kus gS tks lsuk0fr crykrk gS rks og y*<k6; ugha $y ldrh
T
6l 0zdkj lj2kj o''kHk Hkk6; 0sy dsoy Lora?rk laxzk)
lsukuhU jktuhfrZU dqKky 0zKkkld UoErk gh ugha :ksT os
fo$kjd vksj f$1rd Hkh :ksT @1gksus tks Hkh fo$kj 9;Er fd3
@ls 0gys v0us vk$j.k )sa @rkj dj crk;kT 6lfy3 os xka/khth ds
usrGRo )sa l2k vxz.kh Hk#f)dk fuok;g djrs jgsT
"""""""""""
172
.+fu;k dks c.y .sus okys yksxks esa d
vt't i)set'
Hkkjrh; laLdGfr )sa /ku vt;1k djus dks 3d dr;9; )kuk
x;k gST xGgL:k vkQ) ds fy3 rks ;g 3d vfuok;; dr;9; )kuk x;k
gS E;ksafd 6lh vkQ) 0j v1; lc vkQ) dks lg;ksx djus dk 2kf;Ro
gST ysfdu /ku dk vt;u [kq2 dh )kst )LrhU lq[k lqfo/kk ds fy3
ugha oju 9;k0d )kuo tkfr ds fgr ds fy3 djus dk fu2s;Kk gST
lHkh lq[kh gksT lHkh LoL:k gksU ;g dk)uk g)sKkk ls jgh
gST 6l dk)uk ds 0hLs L0F @22DsK; gS fd g) /ku dk
2Gd0;ksx dj l)kt )sa 6Fkk; U OsFk +kG.kk dk okrkoj.k u
5SykosT
;g fo$kj/kkjk dsoy Hkkjr dh gh ugha 2qfu;k Hkj ds
2sKkksa dh jgh gST 6lds vkl0kl )kuorkok2h uSfrd Loj /k);
ds vk/kkj 0j 0u0s 5yas U 5#ys gST 6lh dkj.k g) ou laLdGfr ls
vk/kqfud vkS+kksfxd l)kt rd vk 0gq-a$s gS vkt g) ftu lq[k
lqfo/kkvksa dk @0;ksx dj jgs gS @uds fy3 gtkjksa oFkks; ls
yk[kksa yksxks us 0fjQ) fd;k gST foZku dh [kkstksa ds fy3
oSZkfudksa us E;k r0 r0L;k ugha dhT gtkjksa
^fFk")qfu;ksa Ufo$kjdksaU f$1rdksa us g)sa u3 u3 fo$kj f23
ftlls )kuo laLdGfr l)GH gq6;T g) @u lHkh ds vkHkkjh gST
)kuo tkfr dh 6l 0zxfr dk vk/kkj jgkU d);;ksx dk fo$kj
ftlds v1rx;r g)kjh lkjh ]kkfEr;ksa U ;ksS;krkvksa vkSj
Mk)rkvksa dk @0;ksx g) g)kjs fy3 u djrs gq3 )kuo tkfr ds
l)Lr l2L;ksa ds d';k.k ds fy3 djrs gST dsoy v0us fy3 dr;9;
d); djus dks rks 0k0 dgk x;k gST g)us l)kt vkSj 2sKk ls cgqr
dqL 0k;k gSa rks g)sa l)kt vkSj 2sKk dks v0uk Lok:k; R;kx
dj cgqr dqL 2suk Hkh $kfg3 rkfd tc g) 2qfu;k ls fc2k ys rks
vkus okyh 0hXh ds fy3 3d lq12j U vkjk)2sg foKo Lks*dj tk3T
fdrus yksx 6l 0j fo$kj djrs gS . fo$kj $kgs dks6; djsa ;k u
djs 0j vutkus )sa cgqr ls yksx vkt Hkh 2qfu;k dh lq[k l)GfH
)sa yxs gST
vkt 2qfu;k 3d Lkss uxj ds P0 )sa c2y jgh gST xykdk
0zfr;ksfxrk 2qfu;k Hkj )sa $y jgh gST 0zxfr dh 2kS*< )sa lc
v1/ks gksdj 2kS*< jgs gST 3sls )sa 2qfu;k )sa tgk- vjc0fr
f2u jkr cX jgs gST ogh djks*<0fr Hkh v0uk L:kku cuk jgs
173
gST g)kjs v0us 2sKk ds l)k$kj 0?ksa )sa vktdy 3sls l)k$kj
0zdkfKkr gksrs jgrs gS fd djks*<0fr;ksa dh la[;k )sa fdruh
oGfH gq6;T 2qfu;k ds vjc0fr;ksa )sa Hkh Hkkjrh; 0z:k) Qs.kh
)sa L:kku 0k jgs gST ysfdu l)k$kj ;g ugha crk jgs gS fd
2fj2zrk dk )gkklkxj Hkh f2ujkr foLrkj 0k jgk gS vkSj 6lfy3
l)L;k3a foLrkj 0k jgh gST
6u gkyrksa )sa 3d 3slk lqdqu Hkjk l)k$kj Hkh vk;k tks
g)sa tgk- l1rksFk 2srk gS U ogh f$1ru ds y3 3d fo$kj Hkh
2srk gST v1r;jkFgh; 0f?dk fctusl ohd us 2qfu;k dks c2y
2sus okys rhl yksxksa dh 3d l#$h tkjh dh gS ftl)sa fo0zks
dks 2qfu;k dh 0z)q[k dR0uh crkus ds lk:k @lds $s;j)su vth)
0zs)th dks @u rhl yksxksa )sa 3d crk;k gS ft1gksus 2qfu;k
dks c2yus ds fy3 )gRo0#.k; Hk#f)dk fuok;g dh gST ;s rhl
os yksx gS ft1gksus ;k rks u3 cktkj cuk3 ;k vZkr cktkjksa dk
ykHk @Jk;k ;k yksxksa dk jgu lgu c2y f2;kT 6u )gku
yksxksa dh l#$h )sa $hu ds 3*f)jy tsx gS UcSatkf)u
isadfyu U tku tSdc 3Lj U 3a*# dkjusxhU jkd5syjU :kk)l
3*hluU gsujh 5ks*; vkSj fcy xsDl tSls fo[;kr uk) gST ;s lc
os uk) gS ft1gksus 2qfu;k dks c2yus ds fy3 )gku lkgl
f2[kk;k U[kkst dh ;k u;k fo$kj f2;kT vkS+kksfxd _kafr ds ;s
)gku ;ksHk Hkh jgsT g)kjs 2sKk ls vth) 0zs)th dk uk)
@'ys[k g)kjs fy3 xkSjo dk foFk; gST
E;k fd;k vth) 0zs)th us " vth) 0zs)th ds lRc1/k )sa 0f?dk
dk dguk gS fd fo0zks dR0uh dh lk[k cukus ds fy3 @1gksus
xq.koRrk )sa tc2;Lr lq/kkj fd;k vkSj u dsoy Hkkjr cf'd
2qfu;k )sa 3d 0z)q[k dRNk0h cuk f2;kT os 6l dR0uh dk f2u
0zfrf2u dk dk)dkt laHkkyrs gST
E;k gS fo$kj vth) 0zs)th ds " vth) 0zs)th ;\f0 2qfu;k ds rhl
@'ys[kuh; @+kksx0fr;ksa )as lfR)fyr gS 0j @uds fo$kj
lk)k1; 9;fEr ls )kuorkok2h gS T vk63 2s[ksU os fdl rjg
lks$rs gS T
l5yrk dk vglkl " os dgrs gS W l5'k gksus vkSj /kuh cuus 0j
vk2)h dqL vyx vglkl ls Hkj @Jrk gSaT tc )qIls dks6;
0#Lrk gS fd 2qfu;k )as lcls [;k2k v)hj 9;fEr dh dSsxjh
)sa 0gq-a$us 0j dSlk yxrk gS rks )Sa dgrk g#-a fd )qIs
fdlh f$f*<;k+kj dk tkuoj gksus vglkl gksrk gST 6lls )sjh
174
futrk [kR) gks tkrh gST )Sa @ruk vktk2 ugha jg 0krk g#-a
ftruk 0gys :kkT 2#ljs l5yrk ds ]khFk; gksus dk 3d v:k; ;g
gS fd yksxks dh vk0ls Xsjksa v0sMkk3a gST vkSj vk0 0j
2#ljksa ls dgha [;k2k ftR)s2kfj;ka gST 6u ftR)s2kfj;ksa
dks )Sa l5yrk ls [;k2k )gRo 2srk g#-T WW
6l 0zdkj vtht 0zs)th ds L0F fo$kj gSa fd /kuh gksus ds
lk:k lk:k vk0dh ftR)s2kfj;ksa )sa Hkh vfHk oGfH gksrh
gST ;s ftR)s2kjh vk0dh l)kt vkSj 2sKk ds 0zfr gh gksrh gST
)kuorkok2h lks$ ds fcuk vk0 vkSj g) 3slh fdlh l5yrk ds vglkl
dk fuo;gu ugha dj ldrsT
6;)ku2kjh $kkfg3 Y" vtht 0zs)th dgrs gSU VV vk0 v0uh
l5yrk dh $kgs fdlh Hkh lhX<h 0j gksU v0us lac/kksa ds 0zfr
vk0)sa 6;)ku2kjh gksuh $kfg3T g)dks g)sKkk v0us flfu;l;
ds 0zfr 6;)ku2kj gksuk $kfg3 vkSj @uds 0zfr Hkh tks g)ls
t#fu;j gST ;g fdlh Hkh 9;fEr ;k laxJu dks l5y cukus ds fy3
vfuok;; ]kr; gST
;g gS l5yrk dk jgL;T ;g g)kjh )kuorkok2h laLdGfr ds
vuqd0 gSaT ;s fo$kj 6rus L0F vkSj ljy HkkFkk )sa 9;Er fd3
x3 fd 6udh 9;k[;k dh vkoK;drk ugah gST
vk0 foKo ds lok;f/kd v)hj 3sls gh ugha cu tkrs U vk0dks
lkglU yxuU 0fjQ)U 2GX<rk vkf2 xq.k rks $kfg3 gh 6;)ku2kjh
0#.k; 2kf;Ro fuok;g djuk Hkh vkuk $kfg3T )kuo)k? ds
d';k.k dh ;g fo$kj/kkjk gh g)kjh laLdGfr dh vk/kkjHk#f) gS
ftls @+kksx " 9;olk; gh ughsa thou ds gj Mks? )sa ykx#
djus ds fy3 d);;ksx dh vkoKdrk gST fuFdk) d); gh 6l )kx;
0j g)sa ys tk ldrk gST
""""""""""
i)%u i#Dus ds vf0kdkj dk mi;ksx d'ft
175
2qfu;k-a )sa lcls vf/kd ftZklk c>$sa )sa gksrh gST
tSls gh os cksyus yxrs gS v0us vkl 0kl dh l)Lr oLrqvksa vkSj
0zkf.k;ksa dks os @Rlqdrk ls 2s[kus yxrs gST @udh ftZklk
]kkar djus ds fy3 0zKu 0#Lus yxrs gSa vkSj 3sls 3sls 0zKu
0#Lrs gSa fd 0fjokj ds cqtq;x o 9k;Ld Hkh @lds @Rrj ugha
2s 0krsT os Hkh lks$ )ssa 0*< tkrs gSa fd 6rus u1gsa c>$s
dks ;s fo$kj vk3 dgk-a ls dgrs gS lkr oFk; rd dk c>$k
2qfu;k dk cgqr dqL Zku 0zkNr dj ysrk gST 0zflH lkfgR;dkj
tkuykd us fy[kk gS U Vckydksa )sa @Rlqdrk rks Zku dh
Hk#[k )k? gST
dhDl )gks2; dgrs gSaU V@Rlqd va/ks0u )sa 2s[kus
dh ]kfEr frxquh gks tkrh gSTW Zku 0zkfNr dk )kx; 0zKu
0#Luk gh gST tSls tSls g) 9k;Ld gksrs gSaT g) 0zKu 0#Luk
ca2 dj 2srs gSaT 0zKu 0#Lus ds fy3 [k*<s gksus )sa ladks$
gskrk gST dHkh dHkh *j yxrk gS fsd yksx g-alsaxs rsk
E;k gksxkT dqL yksx ]kj)krs gSa 0zKu 0#Lus ls fd1rq 0zKu
0#Luk ftZklk gST Zku )kx; 0zkfNr ds fy3 tks 0zKu ugah 0#Lrs
os ck2 )sa 0Lrkrs gST
0z Ku 0#Lus dk vf/kdkj Y" 0zflH lkfgR;dkj gtkjh 0zlk2 fOos2h
$kd$12z ys[k )sa fy[krs gSaU VdqL vkSj gSU dqL vkSj gS 0j
E;k. lh)kcH )fLrFd dh rjaxs 0Lk*< [kk [kkdj rhj 0j flj )kj jgh
gST dqL vkSj gS 0j E;k. ;g 0zKu @Juk gh thou dk lcls
)gRo0#.k; rRo gSTW 6lfy3 g)us 2s[kk fd 0ztkra? )sa
fo/kkf;dk dks tks lcls )gRo0#.k; vf/kdkj f2;k x;k gS U og
0zKu 0#Lus dk gh gST 0zKu 0#Luk Zku ds )kx; )sa 3d
)kSfyd vf/kdkj gST g)kjs jkFg0fr 3& 0h& ts& vC2qy dyk) us
v0us 3d @2Dcks/ku )sa dgkU WV flyflys okj 0zKu 0#Luk vkSj
dJksj dk;; ls 6u 0zKuksa ds @Rrj [kkstuk gh foZku gST ;s
@Rrj gh 0zdGfr ds fu;)sak v:kok 0zkS\ksfxdh; 0zxfr dh t1)
2srs gSaT vrY c>$ksa vk0 )sa ls tks Hkh f9kZku dkaxzsl
)sa Hkkx ys jgs gSU @1gsa )Sa 3d lqZko 2s ldrk g-#-U
0zKu 0#Lus ls dHkh u *jksaU rc rd 0zKu 0#Lrs jgsk tc rd
vk0dks larksFktud @Rrj u f)y tk3 WW vkxs os dgrs gS W0zKu
0#Lus okys f2)kx us gh foKo dks jgus ;ksS; cuk;k gST W
g)kjh lal2 vkSj fo/kkf;dk ds 0zKu dky vR;ar )gRo0#.k;
gksrs gST cgqr lh tkudkjh 6u 0zKuksa ds @Rrj ls f)yrh gS
176
vkSj @l 0j vusd 0zKu @Jrs gST tSls lal2 vkSj fo/kkulHkk ds
l2L;ksa dks ]kklu ls 0zKu 0#Lus dk vf/kdkj gSU oSls gh gj
ukxfjd dks Hkh vf/kdkj gS fd og v0us Mks? ds tu0zfrfuf/k;ksa
ls 0zKu 0#LsT g)kjk 2qHkk;S; gS fd 6l vf/kdkj dk ukxfjd
@0;ksax ugha dj jgsT ukxfjdksa dks 0#Luk $kfg3 fd g)kjh
l)L;kvksa ds l)k/kkku vkSj fodkl ds fy3 vk0us E;k fd;kT
0zfroFk; dk C;kSjk gksuk gh $kfg3T tu0zfrfuf/k L0F d0 ls turk
ds lsod gST ysfdu ukxfjdksa dh @2klhurk ds dkj.k os )kfyd
cus gq3 gS vkSj fuok;$u ds ck2 os ukxfjd ds 0zfr dks6;
2kf;Ro ugha l)IrsT
;f2 ukxfjd 0zKu 0zKu 0#Lus ds vf/kdkj dk @0;ksx ugah
djrs rsk f5j os lsod vus jgsaxs vkSj v0us gh lsod ls Hk;Hkhr
cus jgsaxsT
v)sfjdk )sa 0zKu 0#Luk Y" v)sfjdk )sa jkFg0fr vR;1r
)gRo0#.k; 02 gST @lds fuok;$u )sa jsf*;ksa vkSj
2#j2Kk;u 0j [kqyh cgl rsk gksrh gS fd1rq 6lds ck2 lh/ks
@uls ukxfjd 0zKu 0#Lrs gSaT ;g 0zKudky 6ruk )gR9k0#.k;
gksrk gS fd jkFg0fr ds @R)h2okj dks v0us lg;ksxh ds lk:k
6ldh fjvl;y djuh 0*<rh gSaT fo$kj fo)Kk; gksrk gS fd E;k
0zKu 0#Ls tks ldrs gSa. E;k @Rrj gks ldrs gSaT 3d Hk; jgrk
gaS ukxfjdksa ds 0zKu dkT
6SySa* )sa turk [kqyh vk) lHkk )sa v0us @R)h2okj ls
0zKu 0#Lrh gST ag) Hkkjr )sa dsoy lqurs gSaT g)kjs 0kl
0zKu rsk gSaU g) lHkk ds ck2 vk0l )sa 0zKu rks djrs gSa 0j
jktusrkvksa ls [kqys )sa 0zKu djus ls *jrs gSaT ladks$ djrs
gSaT ]kj)k tkrs gST 0zKu 0#Lus dk vf/kdkj 2qfu;k )sa lcls
)gRo0#.k; vf/kdkj gST
3s1:ksl dk lqdjkr Y" 3s1:ksl uxj x.kjk[; )sa lqdjkr ^fFk rq';
fo$kjd gq3 gST @1gksuas 0zKu 0#L 0#L dj ;qodska dks Zku
dh xgjk6; rd 0gq>kk f2;kT os 3d )k? 9;fEr gksdj foKo fo\ky;
cu x3T NysksU vjLRkq U *k;ksftuhlU 3afL:ksuht tSls
foOkuksa us lqdjkr ds fo$kjksa dk 3slk 0zlkj fd;k fd lqdjkrs ds
0zKu vkt Zku ds Hk.*kj ds d0 )sa foKo fo\ky;ksa )sa f$1ru
ds foFk; gST 3d vdsyk vk2)hU @lus u dks6; 0qLrd fy[khU u
laL:kk cuk6;U u fof/kor 0kJKkkyk $yk6; fd1rq 0zKu 0#L 0#L
177
dj Zku dh xgjk6; rd lcdsk 0gq-$k f2;kT Lk?ksa U ;qodksa
dks Zku dh ftZklk ds fy3 fuYladks$ 0zKu 0#Luk $kfg3T ;s
@udk vf/kdkj gST 6l)sa Hk; vkSj ]k); dgk-aT @uds Zku
ds )kx; )sa 0zKu vkSj [;ksfr cu dj @HkjsaxsT 0zKuksa dsk
Zku dkU l)L;k ds l)k/kku dk gf:k;kj cuk63T
"""""""""""""
'kksd lHkk v/;Mk dk 22; E;k gST
yksd lHkk v/;Mk lks)uk:k $th; dqL r0sr0k3 usrkvksa )sa ls 3d
gSaT os oKkks; ls turk dk 6;)ku2kjh ls 0zfrfuf/kRo dj jgs gSaT os
usrk gh ughsa v>Ls fo$kjd Hkh gSaT os tc ls yksdlHkk ds v/;Mk cus
gSaaU os yksd lHkk ds lR)ku ds fy3 tgk-a 3d vksj yksd lHkk ds v12j
v0us gh )kuuh; l2L;ksa ls t#I jgsa gSa ogha 2#ljh vksj os
178
1;k;ky;ksa dh fN0.kh o gLRMks0 ls Hkh la\Kk; djrs f2[krs gST fdlh
Hkh 0zdkj os 2sFk dh yksd lHkk ds lR)ku ds fy3 fuj1rj dhcH f2[kk6;
2srs gSaT lal2 yksdra? dk loks;>$ l2u gST tc yksd lHkk dh
txg-alk6; gksrh gS rks yksdra? r)kFkk curk gST yksdra? d)tksj
gksrk gST 6lfy3 yksdra? ds 0zR;sd l);:kd dks lks)uk:k $th; dh
f$1rk ls f$f1rr gksuk $kfg3T
D;k gS p&t'- dk ..- Y Qh $th; dk 22; 2ks rj5k gST 3d rj5 rks os
yksdlHkk ds l2L;ksa ds dk;; 9;ogkj ls 2qY[kh gksrs gST yksd lHkk
)sa gq'y*<U ukjsckthU y*<k6; Ix*<s vkSj yksd lHkk u $yus
2sus ds g:kd.*s g)sFkk f2[kk6; 2srs gST yksdlHkk ds la$kyu ds
dqL fu;) gST ;f2 @u fu;)ksa dks rks*<us )sa kku gh l)Ih tk3 rks
f5j yksd lHkk $ysxh dSsls . ;f2 g) v/;Mk ds fu2s;Fk dk gh @'ya\u
djsxas rks vuqFkklu dSls cuk jgsxk U ;f2 3slk gqvk rks vk) ukxfjdksa
ds 0kl E;k l12sFk tk3xk T yksdlHkk 2sFk dk lokS>>k l2u gS T ;f2
ogk- ;g lc gksrk jgk rks fo/kku lHkkvksa vkSj 0a$k;r lf)fr;ksa rd ;gh
rks gksxk T gks Hkh jgk gS 6lfy3 yksdlHkk v/;Mk Qh $th; dks dguk
0*<k fd lkjk 2sFk yksd lHkk dh dk;;okgh 2s[k jgk gS T 0zk;)jh Ldqy
ds c>$ksa tSlk 9;ogkj k);ukd gST
yksdlHkk ds la$kyu )sa djks*<ks PNk3 9;; gksrs gS T ;f2 yksd
LkHkk dk dk) fof/korD la$kfyr ugha gksrk rks ;g /ku 2qPNk;ksx )kuk
tk3xk T 2sFk ds lk)us vusd xRHkhj l)L;k3- gS T xjhch Ucsjkstxkjh U
)g-xk6; ULokL:k U fFkMkk tSlh vusd l)L;k3a gS T dGKkd vkR)gR;k dj
jgs gS T 6u lcds gksrs gq3 gq'y*<ckthU ukjsckth dk E;k v:k; gS T
6lls yksdlHkk dk gh lRRkku ugha +krk U2sFk )sa yksdra? Hkh
d)tksj gksrk gS T 6lfy3 Qh $th; dk 22; 2sFk dk 22; gS vkSj dk) ds
vk/kkj 0j osru 2sus dk fo$kj 1;k; laxr gS T ysfdu jktusrk lqus rc U os
rks v0us Lok:k; )sa *#cs gS T vc $th; dgrs gS @ls Hkh lqu yhft3
T
179
VV vxj lal2 )sa gaxk)k gksrk gS rks og v[kckj ds )q[; NkGKJ dh
lqf[k;;k cu tkrk gS ysfdu v>Lk HkkKk.k gksus 0j @ls dksus )sa
Lksh lh txg f)yrh gS TWW
D;k ;g ..- mfpr gS A " yksdlHkk ds v/;Mk ds 22; 0j fo$kj djuk g)kjk
dr;9; gS T yksdlHkk ds l2L; turk ds 0zfrfuf/k gS T @1gs turk dh
l)L;kvksa ds l)k/kku ds fy3 v>Lk rS;kj fd;k x;k HkkKk.k yksdlHkk )sa
2suk $kfg3 T ;g @udk dr;9; gS dr;9; 0kyu 0j okgokgh dh vkFkk djuk
9;:k; gS T )Lyh 0kuh )sa rSjrh gh gS T ;g @ldk LoHkko gS T ;g
[kcj ugha cu ldrh T yksdlHkk l2L;ksa dk v>Lk HkkKk.k 2suk U
l)L;kvksa dk l)k/kku djuk Uturk dk 2qY[k 22; crkuk dr;9; gS T
dks6; *kEj v>Lk 6ykt djrk gS vkSj )jht LoL:k gks tkrk gS rks
l)k$kj ugha curk fd1Rkq ;f2 og vk0jsFku djs vkSj kosy vkSj dSa$h
0s )sa Lks*< 2s rks l)k$kj curk gST yksdlHkk ds l2L;ksa dk
gq'y*< U vuqFkklughurk 3slh gh gS T l)k$kj Nk? lqf[k;;k cukdj v0uk
dr;9; gh 0#.k; djrs gS T yksdlHkk v/;Mk dks @1gs /k1;ok2 2suk
$kfg3 T
vPDk 2kk%k.k fdls dgsxs " ;gk- ;g 0zFu Hkh gS fd yksd lHkk )sa
v>Lk HkkKk.k dkSu lk dgyk3xk T ;gk- g) tokgjyky usgP ds l); dh
yksd lHkk dks ;k2 djs rc u dsoy fojks/kh NkMk ojuD kklu NkMk )sa
Hkh 3d ls 3d 0zfrHkkoku l2L; gksrs :ks T vk$k;; dG0ykuh UF;k)k0zlk2
)qdth; U*k&jk) )uksgj yksfg;k vkSj vyfcgkjh ckt0s6; tSls uk) g)
vkt Hkh ;k2 dj ldrs gS T *k&jk) )uksgj yksfg;k dk 2sFk ds (8 djks*<
xjhc yksxksa dh vk; rhu vkus crkus okyk HkkKk.k ;k2 dhft3 T 2sFk
Hkj )sa 3d Hk#$ky vk;k :kk T fg12h ds 6l HkkKk.k ls vaxszth ds
l)k$kj Nk? Hkh Hkjs gq3 :ks T kklu NkMk dks Hkh )tc#ju Iqduk
0*<k :kk T E;k 3slk [kkst0#.k; HkkKk.k vc l2u )sa gksrk gS T tkfr U
lR0z2k;U MkSf?;rk ds oks cSad dh fxj`r )sa 0*<s g)kjs jktusrk vkSj
jktuhfrd 2yksa ls E;k g) vkFkk djsa fd os fuKNMk UfuLok:k; dqL
lks$saxs UdqL cksysxs T vHkh gky ds oKkks; )sa rks 3slh vkFkk
180
ugha dh tk ldrh T f5j l)k$kj Nk? ;f2 jktusrkvksa ds ;s HkkKk.k
0zdkfFkr djsxs rks os @ckc- gks tk3xs T
yksdl2kk v0;(k dk .#ljk ..- " yksdlHkk v/;Mk dks ckj ckj ;g yxrk gS
fd 1;kf;d lfdz;rk fo/kk;h dk;ks; )sa gLrMks0 djrh gS @ldk gLrMks0
yksdra? ds v1; vaxks ds Mks? )sa vfrdz).k gS T os ckj ckj $srkouh
2srs gS fd 1;k; 0kfydk 0zFkklu dh )grh ftRRks2kjh v0us d1/kksa 0j
ysus ds fdlh Hkh 0z;kl ds xRHkhj 0fj.kk) gksxs T @1gs yxrk gS fd
1;k;0kfydk @uds Mks? )sa vfrdz).k dj jgh gST
7;k;ikfydk d' etc#j' " Hkkjr ds lafo/kku )sa dk;;0kfydk Ufo/kkf;dk
vkSj 1;k;0kfydk dk dk;;Mks? fof/kor foLrkj ls o.k;u fd;k x;k gS T 3d
2#ljs ds Mks? )sa vfrdz).k dk 0zFu gh ugha gS fd1Rkq fof/k dh
l)hMkk djus ds 1;kf;d vf/kdkj dk @0;ksx rks 1;k;y;ksa dks djuk
0*<sxk T g) lc )kurs gS vkSj Lohdkj djrs gS fd dk;;0kfydk )sa
jktuhfrZksa dk 2cko vR;f/kd gS T jktuhfr )sa v0jkf/kd rRoksa dk
0zosFk gh ugha gS U 0zHkko Hkh gS T ;s r:;ksa ls flH fd;k tk ldrk gS T
%/ oha yksdlHkk ds l2L;ksa us tks dfr0; fjdk*; cuk3 gS os
k);ukd gS T g) @1gs ;k2 ugha djuk $kgsxs T yksdlHkk ds 2l
l2L;ksa dks f0Lys 2ks lkyks )sa ckgj dk jkLrk f2[kk;k x;k gS T
@1gksus 0zFu @Jkus ds fy3 yksxksa ls fjFor yh :kh T fLax vk0jsFku
)sa 5als $kj lkal2ksa dks l2u )sa 5dkj yxk6; x6; :kh tcfd 3d v1;
l2L; dks l2u dh l2L;rk ls fuKdkfKkr dj f2;k x;k :kk E;ksfd os lal2h;
lf)fr ds vkf/kdkfjd 2kSjs )sa v0uh )fgyk f)? dks 0Ruh crk dj Hkkjr ls
ckgj ys x3 :ks T 6l v0uh rjg ds 0gys )k)ys )sa 0#o; lkal2 ckc#
Hkk6; dkjk dks )kuo rLdjh ds fy3 fxj`rkj Hkh fd;k x;k T 6l l); os
tsy )sa gS T
vHkh vHkh 1;k;ky; ds vk2sFk ls 2ks yksdlHkk l2L;ksa dks
vkthou dkjkxkj f)yk gS T 6u gkykrksa )s a1;k;0kfydk E;k djs . g)kjs
jktuhfrd 2y ffd ck-rs l); l2L;ksa ds $fj? 0j /;ku gh ugha 2srs T
os ckg#cfy;ksa dks fuladks$ ffd 2srs gS T tc lal2 )sa 3sls yksx
181
gksxs rks f5j @uds Okjk tks fufgr Lok:kh; dk;; gksxs T @u 0j
1;k;ky;ksa dk gLrMks0 rks gksxk gh T 6ruk gh ugha 1;k; ds fy3
ukxfjd Hkh 1;k;ky; ds Okj Hkh [k[kk3axs gh T 3slh fL:kfr )sa
tu0zfrfuf/k;ksa dh )u)kuh 0j jksd Hkh yxsxh ghT
i)tkra; dks g' [krjk " yksdlHkk v/;Mk Qh $th; dh f$1rk tk;t gS os
yksdlHkk ds v/;Mk gS vkSj yksdlHkk dk lR)ku cuk3 j[kuk @udh
ftR)s2kjh gS 0j os ftl f$1rk ds dhk.kqvksa ls xzLr gS os g)kjs
jktuhfrd 2yksa dh dks[k )sa 0y jgs gS T vkt 2sFk )sa yksdra? gS 0j
jktuhfrd 2yksa )sa yksdra? f2[kk6; ugha 2s jgk T lkR;ok2h 2yksa
vkSj Hkkt0k dks Lks*<dj dgha Hkh yksdra? f2[kk6; ugha 2s jgk T
lc jktuhfrd 2y 9;fErxr dR0uh dh rjg $y jgs gS T gk6;d)ku ds uk)
0j 3d 0fjokj ;k oaFk dk;) gS T 3sls )sa yksdra? dk vuqFkklu dSls
f2[kk6; 2sxk T 0zk;os dR0uh dh $yus okys 2yksa ds v0us Lok:k;
gS T @1gs 2sFk ck2 )sa f2[kk6; 2srk gS v0us Lokk:k; 0gys f2[kk6;
2srs gS T yksdra? ds uk) 0j jktuhfrd 2yksa Okjk jktuhfrZksa ds fgr
)sa vk) ukxfjdksa dk kksKk.k $y jgk gS T 6lls 0ztkra? ds 0zfr
ukxfjdksa dk foFokl +k jgk gS vkSj ;gh 22; Qh $th; dks lrk jgk gS
T os [kqydj vfHk9;fEr 2s jgs gS tcfd jktuhfrZ )kSu gS T
jktusrkvksa dk v2kko " vkt 2sFk )sa jktusrkvksa dk vHkko gS tks
jktuhfrZ f2[kk6; 2s jgs gS U@udk jktuhfr 0sFkk gS T os v0uk 0s
Hkjus vkSj vkxk)h lkr 0hfX<;ksa ds fy3 +kj Hkjus )sa yxs gS T 2sFk
ds Hkf9kK; dk dks6; uEFkk @uds 0kl ugha gS T os dsoy vxys $quko
rd ds fy3 lks$rs gS T
v)sfjdh 6lk6; 0k2jh tsRl 5zh)su Eykd; us jktuhftZ vkSj jktusrk ds 6l
v1rj dks 6l 0zdkj 9;Er fd;k gS T
VV jktuhfrZ vxys $quko dh lks$rk gS vkSj jktusrk vxyh 0hX<h dh
WW jktusrk vzxys 0$kl oKkks; )sa 2sFk dh fL:kfr 0j fo$kj djrk gS T
6lfy3 tkfrok2 UlR0z2k; vkSj Mksf?;rk ds fy3 @lds 0kl L:kku ugha gksrk
T
182
tura? 3d lrrD tkxPdrk dk uk) gS ;g 3d $qukSrh gS T 6l)sa
0zR;sd jktuhfrd 2y ds lk:k ukxfjdksa dh tkxPdrk dh Hkh vkoF;drk gS
6lhfy3 v)sfjdk ds @0jkKg0fr g$qc; gR5h us % vEqRcj %A/( ds
HkkKk.k )sa l$ dgk gS V tura? lrr $qukSrh gS ;g 0zR;sd ls lokSRr)
dh )akx djrk gS TW
vkt g) Hkys gh lkJ oKkh;; 0ztkra? gks x3 gS 0j 0ztkra? fuj1rj
tkxPdrk ds vHkko )sa d)tksj gks jgk gS T 0ztkra? )sa ukxfjdksa dk
foFokl gh 0z)q[k gS vkSj ogh vfoFokl )sa c2y jgk gS T lcls d)tksj dh
vkSj 0ztkra? dk /;ku ugha gS T g) v)hjh ds )gklkxj dh @Rrky
rjaxksa dks 0ztkra? dh kku l)I jgs gS T 6l )gklkxj )sa jktuhfrZksa
ds c*<s c*<s vk2)[kksj xksrs [kk jgs gS T 0ztkra? @uds Okjk
jktlRRkk ds kksKk.k dk ;a? cu jgk gS T yksdlHkk v/;Mk Qh $th;
dk ;gh 22; )q[kfjr gks jgk gS 0j og 6l PNk )sa 0zd ugha gks jgk U
@1gs vkSj v1; jktusrkvksa dks 6l f2Fkk )sa fdz;kR)d lq/kkj dh
vkSj /;ku 2suk $kfg3 rkfd tura? dh t*< )tc#r cuh jgs T
""""""""""
183
vkf[kj gesa fdruk euksjatu pkfg
g)kjs 2sKk ds ^fFk )qfu;ksa us thou ds fofo/k jaxksa dh
3slh 9;oL:kk dh gS fd 0zR;sd )gRo0#.k; vax dk l)f1or
@0;ksx gksT 6lh 2GfF ls )uksjatu ds )gRo dks l)Idj
)uksjatu dh Hkh 9;oL:kk dh x6; gST Hkkjrh; l)kt )sa
R;kSgkjksa dk v;kstu 6l 2GfF ls )gRo0#.k; gST gksyh rks
6l 2GfF ls R;kSgkjksa dk jktk gST E;ksfd ;g ]kqH )uksjatu
ds [kkrs )sa tkrk gST 2Kkgjk "2h0koyh ds R;kSgkj )sa Hkh
)uksjatu ds Hkj0#j volj gS ghT 6lds vfrfjEr 0zR;sd )kg rht
R;kSgkjksa dh 9;oL:kk gST 6ruk gh ugha fookgU t1) vkf2
voljksa 0j Hkh )uksjatu dks [kqyh L# gST
g)kjs fjKrksa )sa Hkh )uksjatu ds fy3 [kq'kh L# gST
lkyh thtk ds fjKrs gks ;k 2soj HkkHkh ds );k;f2r )tkd dh
L# gST 6lh 0zdkj fjKrksa )sa lk*# dh rqyuk yk*#
y*D*# ls dh x6; gST fookg ds volj 0j W xkyh xk;u W dk
dk;;_) 6lh dk vax gST lkys thtk ds ch$ gkL; @yk 0qyk
Hkh txr 0zflH gST )uksjatu dh 6l L# dk lcls c*s< @2kgj.k
gS )gfFk; ukj2T 6rus foOku o flH ^fFk dks )tkd djus ds fy3
dks6; 2ksFk ugha 2srkT fd1rq /;ku jgs @udk )tkd Hkh lR;
flH gksrk gST @uds fy3 )tkd Hkh xaHkhj foFk; gST
6l 0zdkj @Rlo 0z/kku l)kt ds P0 )sa thou )sa gkL;U 9;axU
uGR; U ukd vkf2 ds fofo/k volj g)sa f)yrs jgrs gST )uksjatu
184
ds fy3 g)sa volj [kkstuk ugha 0*<rsT 6lfy3 0#jk lkfgR; )sa
fo2#Fkd dk L:kku l2k ls jgk gST
0fjor;1k "
lk)kftd " vkf:k;d c2yko ds dkj.k cgqr ls 0fjor;u g)kjs l)kt
)s vk3 0gys tks fookg 3d )kg rd $yrs :ksT os 0gys lNrkg Hkj
ds gq3 vkSj vc 3d f2u )sa fl) dj jg x3 gST vkf:k;d dkj.kksa
ls vc cjkr Hkh vkuk"tkuk Pd lh x6;T oj"o/k# 3d gh L:kku 0j
fookg djus yxs gS vkSj fookg dh f_;k Hkh lafMkNr gks x6;
gST vc rks l); dh d)h dks ysdj g)kjs lHkh R;kSgkjU @Rlo
lafMkNr ls lafMkNRk gks jgs gST 6l rjg uk$ xkuksa ds dk;;_)
)sa Hkh d)h vk6; gST
)uksjatu dk foLrkj " 6/kj )uksjatu ds dk;;_)ksa dk
lafMkNrhdj.k gqvk vkSj 3d 2#ljs P0 )sa 6lus foLrkj 0k;kT vc
uGR; +kjksa ls fudydj l*<dks 0j vk x3T /ofu foLrkjd 0j rst
laxhr ds lk:k f:kjdrs Hkdrs ;qok ;qorh l*<dks 0j uk$rs cjkr
ds lk:k fudyuk vk) ckr gks x6; gST )uksjatu ds fy3 ;g
foLrkj gh dgk tkosxk T
6lds ck2 foZku dh v)#'; Hks ds P0 )sa vk;k flus)kT
flus)k lkjs 2sKk )sa )uksjatu ds fy3 @0yC/k gks x;k vkSj ;g
)uksjatu dk 3d 3slk lqyHk lk/ku flH gqvk fd v1; lc lk/ku
f0L*< x3T ;qod";qofr;ks ds fy3 rks ;g lk/ku 6ruk vkd;Fkd
jgk fd 6lds uk;d "ukf;dk3- @uds fy3 0zsjd rRo cu x3 vkSj
5SKku dh 2qfu;k )sa rgyrk )$ x;kT
flus)k ds )uksjatu dh 2qfu;k )sa 0zosKk ls 3d vkSj
_kafrdkjh 0fjor;1k vk;kT dy rd laxhrU uGR; vkSj xk;u dh
2qfu;k ds loks;Rr) dykdkj jktkU )gkjktk vkSj 0#ath0fr;ksa ds
)gyksa )sa gh @0yC/k jgrs :ksT os cgqr lLrs )sa vk) ukxfjd
dks @0yC/k gks x3 vkSj 6u fo/kkvksa dk vku12 Hkh vk)
ukxfjd @Jk ldkT gj 9;fEr v0uh
0zfrHkk dk 0z2Kk;u djus ds fy3 0zsj.kk ysus yxk T
)uksjatu dk /k)kdk " 3slk yxrk gS fd flus)k dk )uksjatu
Hkh 0;k;Nr ugha :kkT vrY 2#j2Kk;u cuk) cqH# cElk Hkh
)uksjatu ds fy3 g)kjs +kj ds gj d)js )s 0zosKk dj x;kT dy rd
g)sa flus)k 2s[kus ds fy3 flus)k +kj rd tkdj yk6u )sa [k*<s
185
gksdj fd [kjh2uk 0*<rk :kk fd1rq vc dqL ugha djuk
0*<rk T vc g)kjs +kj ds v12j gh f2u jkr flus)k 2s[kk tk ldrk
gST d6; $Suy gS g)kjh lsok )sa tks $kfg3 og 2sf[k3T
)uksjatu ;g /k)kdk Hkh tSls 0;k;Nr ugha :kkT flus)kU
2#j2Kk;u o )uksjatu 0j vk/kkfjr d6; jaxhu 0f?dk3a gS g)kjs
2Sfud 0? Hkh )uksjatu dks cX<kok 2sus ds fy3 0zfr lNrkg
jaxhu 0fjfKkF fudky jgs gST
6l lcdk urhtk ;g gS fd g)kjs 0fjokjU dk;k;y;U 2qdkusa
)uksjatu ds lk/ku cuus ds fy3 @Rlqd gks jgs gST c>$s
[ksyrs ugha gST 0X<us ls rks W cksj W gksrs gS vkSj dk;k;y;
dk ckc# rd f2u )sa $kj ckj rks d) ls d) gksy )sa )#*
c2yus tkrk gST ftu )fgykvksa ds 0kl +kj 0j dk) ugha gksrkU
os Hkh 0jsKkku gksrh gST g)kjk )uksjatu gh )uksjatu 0z/kku
gks x;k gST 6lfy3 gj 9;fEr W )#* W cukus dk rd; 2srk gST
vc )uksjatu dh 6l )kufldrk )sa g) [kq2 )uksjatu cu jgs gST
fdruk )uksjatu $kfg3 g)sa " vc ;gk- ;g 0zKu @Jrk gS fd
g)sa fdruk )uksjatu $kfg3T 3d :kkyh )sa ;f2 f)Jk6; gh
f)Jk6; gks rks [kkuk v>Lk ugha yxsxkT tPjh gS fd v1; [kk\
lk)zxh Hkh 0zLrqr gksT )uksjatu dk thou )sa @ruk gh )gRo
gS ftruk Hkkstu dh :kkyh )sa $uh dkT Hkkstu )sa $uh
j[kus dk Hkh 3d @2D2sK; gST $uh Hkkstu dk tk;dk
cX<kus ds fy3 vkoK;d gST 6lls Hk#[k )sa oGfH gksrh gS T
Hkkstu 6l Lok2 0fjor;u dk c*<k )gRo gS fd1rq $uh dh
)k?k dk fu/kk;j.k g)sa djuk $kfg3T ;f2 Hkkstu dh :kkyh
)sa $uh dh )k?k cgqr vf/kd gq6; rks og Hkkstu ds
@2D2sK; dks 9;:k; dj 2sxhT f5j $uh j[kus dk Hkh 3d
fofKkF @2D2sK; gS g)sa @ldk Hkh /;ku j[kuk $kfg3T
vc g)sa ;g 0zKu v0us vk0ls voK; 0#Luk $kfg3 fd vkt
g)sa Ug)kjs ;qodksa dks o c>$ksa dks ftruk )uksjatu 0jkslk
tk jgk gST E;k og vkoK;drk ls vf/kd rks ugha gST f5j 2#ljk
0zKu Hkh @Juk $kfg3 fd 0jksls tk jgs )uksjatu dk @2D2sK;
E;k gS . E;k ;s )uksjatu 3d LoL:k l)kt ds fu)k;.k )sa lgk;d
gksxk T
186
)uksjatu 3d xaHkhj foFk; gS " g)kjs )uksjatu ds lk/kuksa dk
dks6; u dks6; @2D2sK; voK; gksuk $kfg3T la0k2d vkSj
l)hMkd )kd;oku *ksjsu us fy[kk gS W vk2)h ds gkL; ds
cks/k ls vf/kd xaHkhj $ht vkSj dqL ugha r:kk 6l ckr dk
ladsr gS fd og gj l>$k6; ls lkMkkRdkj ds fy3 0zLrqr gS W 6lfy3
fouks2 oGfRr dks thou dk jl dgk tkrk gST
)uksjatu dk dks6; Hkh lk/ku gksU @ldk dks6; u dks6;
0zHkko voK; 0*<rk gST vrY ;g rd; fd )uksjatu dk 3d)k?
@2D2sK; dsoy vkua2 )ukuk gST )uksjatu ds fy3 fKkMkk dk
la2sKk [kkstuk 9;:k; gS U;g rd; csrqdk gS E;ksfd dsoy
)uksjatu ds fy3 tks g) @Lyd#2 Ugq*2ax djsaxs U @ldk Hkh
0zHkko l)kt 0j voK; 0*s<xkT f5j Hkkjr tSls 2sKk )sa gtkjks
djks*< dh lR0fRr dk 9;; @2D2sK; ghu @Lyd#2 ds fy3
gks ;g ]kksHkk ughaa 2srkT Hkkjr ds ;qodksa dks dqL dj
xqtjus dk la2sKk voK; g)kjs )uksjatu dk Hkkx gksuk $kfg3T
)uksjatu ds ch$ ;f2 dks6; la2sKk u gks rks f5j [kks[kyk0u
rks f2[kk6; 2sxk T
@2D2sK;ghu )uksjatu ds [krjs " vkt 2sKk )sa flus)k vkSj
2#j2Kk;1k ls tks dk;;_) 0z2Kk;u gks jgs gST os xyr la2sKk
2s jgs gST 3slk yxrk gS fd Hkkjr dh )q[; l)L;k W 0zs) lca/kksa
W ds la+kFk; dh gST 6lds vfrfjEr g)kjh dgkuh dk v1; dks6;
foFk; gh ugha gST fagalk U )kjdk Uxkus v0jk/k U/k#)
/k*<kdkU @2.*<rkU 5#g*<rk ls Hkjh 0*<h dgkuh g) jkst
2s[k jgs gST L?h ds ]kjhj ds uaxs0u dks @Hkkjrs foZk0u
vkSj 0k? dSls )uksjatu djrs gS U;g dks6; l)Ik ugha 0krk T
E;k L?h dk ]kjhj )uksjatu dh 9kLrq
gks ldrk gS T
thou )sa dqL dj xqtjus ds fy3 la+kFk; U0fjQ) dh vkoK;drk
gksrh gST g)kjs uk;dksa )sa 6u xq.kksa dk vHkko gST os
ukf;dk dks 0zkNr djus ds fy3 gh lc dqL djrs
gST 6lfy3 ;qodksa ds fy3 dks6; la2sKk 0zkNr ugha gksrkT T
g)kjs ^fFk )qfu;ksa us 6l [krjs dks l)Ik :kkT 6lfy3
)gkHkkjr ds )kSly 0o; )sa )gfFk; foKokf)? Ud.o r:kk
r0ks/ku ukj2 ds lk:k lkj.k vkf2 ohjksa dk lkRc dks L?h ds
osFk )sa @uds 0kl ys tkus dk o.k;u gST @1gksus ^fFk;ksa
187
ls dgk W )gfFk;;ksa a ;g )gkrstLoh czHkq dh L?h gST czHkq
0q? ds fy3 @Rlqd g#-T vk0 lc fo$kj dj crk6;s fd 6l L?h ds
xHk; )sa E;k gS . ^fFkx.k )tkd l)I x3 vkSj @1gksus ]kk0 2s
*kyk fd 6l L?h ls )#ly 0S2k gksxk tks ;k2o oaKk dk ukKk
djsxk T
;g )uksjatu fuPHsKkU )uksjatu )k? ds fy3 :kk fd1rq
6l)sa );k;2k dk vHkko :kkT vkt g) ftl )uksjatu dks
cX<kok 2sdj 3d c*<s 9;k0kj o @\ksx dk P0 2s jgs gSU @l)sa
Hkh dks6; );k;2kU c1/ku ugha jg x;k gST )uksjatu ds uk)
0j tks 0jkslk tk jgk gSU @l)sa u );k;2k gS vkSj u uSfrd 0Mk
gST )uksjatu Hkh 6ruk 0jkslk tk jgk gS fd dsoy $0h $uh
dk Lok2 0zkNr gks jgk gSU thou ]kfEr 0zkNr djus ds fy3 dks6;
rRo @l)sa ugha gksT gks Hkh dSls . g)kjk @2D2sK; rks
)uksjatu dk cktkj ltkuk gST cktkj )sa 0zfr;ksfxrk gST 6l
0zfr;ksfxrk )sa ;f2 uaxk0uU Hkks*<k0u Hkh fcdrk gS rks
@ldks 0zLrqr fd;k tkosxk E;ks fd Lora?rk o vk/kqfudrk ds
2Kk;1k ds lk)us uSfrd 0Mk 0qjk.k0a:kh cksus P0 )sa [k*<k
gks tkrk gST
Hk;adj [krjk gS ;g " )uksjatu ds uk) 0j [k#yh L# ds Hkkjh
[krjs gST os [krjs ;qodksa o vkt ds c>$ksa ds fy3 gST vkt ds
c>$s vl); gh toku o oGH gks jgs gST @uds c$0u dk @1gs 0rk
gh ugha $yrkT 3d rj5 )uksjatu ds lk/kuksa dk vk_).k gS
rks 2#ljh vkSj )gRodkaMkk dk Hk#r g)us @uds flj 0j [k*<k
dj f2;k gST l2k v9oy vkuk gST dqL Hkh gks U dSls Hkh
gksU ;g cuuk gS U og curk gST 6l)sa ckyd dk lgt cks/kU
vku12 U)Lrh U[ksyU lc l)kNr gks x3 gST okLro )sa v0uh 6>Lk
ls )u)kSth f)Dh ls [ksyukU HkkxukU 2kS*<uk vc c>$ksa
ds HkkS; )sa ugha jg x;k gST ;g 3d [krjk gS ftlds 0fj.kk)
vkxsU cgqr vkxs f2[kk6; 2saxsT thou 6ruk Lksk ugha
gksrkT @lds 0zHkko cgqr ck2 )sa f2[kk6; 2srs gST
vkt tks 0hX<h v0uh oGHkoL:kk 2s[k jgh gS @lus la;qEr
0fjokj 0z.kkyh dks #rs 2s[kk gST @lus uSfrd 0zKuksa dks
xkS.k flH fd;k gS vkSj 6lfy3 ftrus dk.*U +kkskysU xcuU
HkzFk$kj 0zdj.k @tkxj gks jgs gST os lc @l 0hX<h ds gS
tks xqtj jgh gST vkt dk ;qod o c>$s @lh okrkoj.k )sa lk-al
ys jgs gST ;s ckd2h /kq3-a ls Hkh vf/kd foFkkEr gS E;ksafd
188
;g /kh)sa /kh)sa tgj 5Sykrk gS vkSj 6lds 0fj.kk) yRcs l);
ck2 uSfrd $qukSrh ds d0 )sa lk)us vkrs gST
f$1ru dk foFk; Y" vc f$1ru dk foFk; ;g gS fd g)sa fdruk
)uksjatu $kfg3T E;k g) f2u Hkj )uksjatu ds fy3 [kqys jgs ;k
@ldh dks6; );k;2k gksT g)kjs )uksjatu dk dks6;
@22DsK; Hkh gskuk $kfg3 ;k ughaT g)kjk )uksjatu dks6;
la2sKk Hkh j[ks ;k ughaT
;f2 vk/kqfudrk vkSj Lor1?rk ds uk) 0j g) Lo>L12 gks
x3 rks vkxs vkus okyk HkfoF; E;k gksxkU 6l 0j Hkh fo$kj djuk
$kfg3T
"""""""""""
189
lekpkjksa ls ;g 2k' "i&
gks x;k gS fd ml lad&
d' 8kM+' eas u rks
dks4- Ekkld'; fo2kkx
dk;-jr f.[kk u dks4- tu
i)frfuf0k g' f.[kk4-
f.F d jktuSfrd ds usrk
rks ifjokj lfgr ik3p flrkjk
gks&y esa pys xF tks
lg;ksx ds gk!k !ks> lc ds
lc G;fDrxr laos.uk ds
Cy"oHi vkxs vk !ksF
e+6c4- gk.ls ls feyk lcd
dHkh 0zdGfr dk 3d rk.*o
uGR; )qRc6;
)sa gqvk :kkT @l f2ol dks
)SaHk#y ugha ldrkT
(7 tqyk6; (BB4 ds f2u jkr dks
HkhFk.k oFkk; )qRc6; )sa
gq6;U @lus f0Lys lkS oFkks;
ds jsdk*; rks*< f23T 3d f2u
jkr dh oFkk; gq6; 0sarkyhl
6a$ " 6ruh oFkk; rks 0#js
oFkk; dky )sa ugha gksrhT
$kjksa vksj 0kuh 3sls fgyksjs
)kj jgk :kkU tSls l)q2z ygygk
jgk gksT
f2u ds rhu cts ls fo\qr 9;oL:kk rgl ugl gks x6; :khT
jsf*;ksU asfyfotu dd x3T fctyh ds 0a[ks ca2 U fy` c12 T
tk-afx*< dkR0ysEl ds l#;k; Hkou dh lkroha )afty ds 3d
Hkou )sa )Sa vdsyk :kkT $kj cts 5ksu dh +kah cthU 5ksu
)sjh 0q?o/k# dk :kkT @lus dgkU V 0k0kth )Sa 2k2j )sa
g#-U jsy c12 gks x6; gSU LsKku 0j 0kuh Hkjk gSU )Sa cgqr
2sj ls gh +kj 0gq-$ ld#-axhT vk0 f$1Rkk )r djukT vc fd;k
E;k tk ldrk :kkT jkr lkr cts tc vaf/k;kjk f+kj vk;k U )sjs css
dk 5ksu vk;k U@lus dgkU W0k0k )Sa va/ksjh )sa g#-U gkykr
cgqr [kjkc gSU )Sa ]kk;2 gh +kj 0gq-$ ld#-T @lus dgk
)sjk )ksck6;y Hkh dk) ugha dj jgk gS vk0ds 0kl E;k cg# U
0ksrs ds dks6; l)k$kj gS . )Sus l)k$kj laMks0 )sa 2s f23T
jkr ds vkJ cts 5ksu ctkT 5ksu cg# dk :kk @lus dgkU W
gkykr cgqr uktkd gST )Sa vkxs ;k?k ugha dj ldrh T [krjs
gh [krjs gST c*<k fodjky 2GK; gSa )Sa v0uh 3d lgsyh ds +kj
190
)sa lqjfMkr g#-T 0ksrk Ld#y )sa gh gST ckr gks x6; gSU
og lqjfMkr gS vk0 f$1rk u djsa vc lqcg gh vkuk gks 0k3xk T
Hk;adj :kh og jkrU +kksj v/kadkjU tksj2kj gok3- vkSj
vkl)ku ls vuojr oFkk; fctyh ughaU )>Ljksa dk @R0kr U u
)ks)cRrhU u ykysu T vk0 vlgk; ls Hkxoku dk uk) gh ;k2 dj
ldrs gSa lqcg ls @0okl fd;s :kkU jkr rd [kkuk ugha f)ykT
uha2 vkus dk uk) ugha ys jgh :khT c>$s 0rk ugha fdl gkyr
)sa gST @udh vyx f$1rkT dSlh gh Hk;adj jkr gks dkuh
rks 0*<rh gST dSlh Hkh Hk;adj jkr gks xqtj gh tkrh gSU
lqcg dk l#jt fudy gh vkrk gST
(8 tqyk6; B4 dh lqcg 0kuh vHkh c12 ugha gqvk gS U
yxkrkj cjl jgk gST fctyh $ky# gq6; ugha gST 0a[ksU fy` U
2#j2Kk;u c12 0*<s gST v[kckj vkt avk;k ugha gSU
2#/kokyk Hkh ugha vk;kU )Sa 5ksu dk 61rtkj dj jgk g#-T
lqcg = cts 5ksu dh +kah cthU 5ksu cg# dk :kkU dg jgh
:kh W gkyr lq/kj jgs gSU )Sa +kj ds fy3 fudy 0*<h g#-T vk0
f$1rk u djsa T 2l cts 2joktk ctkT Okj [kksyk rks rj crj csk
[k*<k :kkT css us dgk " f0rkth 0zy; dk 2GK; :kkT cl ds
v12j rd 0kuh :kkT /k1; gS )qRc6; ds yksx ft1gksus Hk;adj
0kuh ds cgko ds ch$ ckal vkSj jLlksa dh lgk;rk ls ckgj
fudkykT g)sa lqfjfMkr txg 0gq-$k dj $k; ukKrs dh 9;oL:kk
dhT [kjkc gkyr )sa Hkh @uls tks cu 0*<k og @1gksus fd;k
T
csk d0*<s c2y dj 0ksrs dks ysus @ldh ]kkyk )sa x;kT
2ks +kas ck2 0ksrs lfgr ykskU )sjk 0ksrk Luku djU ukKrk
vkf2 dj 0zl1u )q2zk )sa vk;k :kkT tSls dqL gqvk gh ugha T
@lds ]kkyk ds fKkMkdksa us l)qf$r 9;oL:kk dh :khT 6l ch$
cg# Hkh vk x6;T )Sus 0#Lk rks @lus crk;k fd @ldh lgd)h;
d1u*< fuoklh lgsyh ds +kj PdhU 6*yh *ksls dk vku12 fy;k
vksj dks6; dF ugha gqvk ysfdu gkykr 0zy; tSls :ks T
f2u ds rhu cts fctyh vk6;T syhfotu ls tc 0kuh ds 0zy;
ds 2GK; 2s[ks rks f2y dk-Nk x;kT syh5ksu Hkh $ky# gq3T
lc fjKrs2kjksa ds 5ksu vk3T lc xgu f$1rk )sa *#cs :ks UE;k
gqvk gksxkT l$)q$ (7 tqyk6; B4 ds f2u vkSj jkr dk og
191
l1ukk U3dk1rU vdsyk0uU vuojr oFkk;U +kksj va/kdkj vkSj
lR0d; l#? dk vHkko dks6; Hk#y gh ugha ldrk T
6u lc o.k;u dk dkj.k E;k gS . )qRc6; g)kjs 2sKk dk 3d
)gkuxjU dHkh u lksus okyk uxjU 3d djks*< ls vf/kd dh
tula[;k U 9;Lr) thou dk vk/kqfudr) ]kgjU ;gk- dks6; fdlh
dks ugha tkurkT txg"txg lh)s1 ds foKkky taxyU dc#rj ds +
kksalys tSls fuokl L:kkuU 3d ds c0j 3d d6; )afty c-$s T
0*<kslh dks 0*<kslh ugha tkurk T dks6; lk)kftd lR0d;
ughaT lcds 2jokts c12T dk) ls dk)T vk) Hkkjrh; uxjksa ls
vyx lH;rk o laLdGfr T
ysfdu 6l )gk0zy; ds Mk.kksa )sa )qRc6; us flH dj f2;k fd
@lds v12j Hkh 3d Hkkjrh; laLdGfr dk /k*<drk f2y gS tks
lad ds l); lgk;rk dk gk:k cX<krk gST )qLdjkrs gq3 lg;ksx
djrk gSU fuYLok:k; Hkko ls vk0ds lk:k lad dh +k*<h dk
22; @Jkrk gST rhljs f2u ls l)k$kj 0?ksa vkSj 2#j2Kk;u 0j
tks l)k$kj
0zdkfKkr gq3U 2GK; f2[kk3 x3T @lls yxk fd )qRc6; 3d ]kku2kj
uxj gST 6ldh 9;kolkf;d /k*duksa )sa )kuoh lg;ksx vkSj
laos2uk cjdjkj gST gtkjksa lgk;rk"lg;ksx dh d:kk3- ftuds
)/; dks6; 0fj$; ughaU dks6; Lok:k; ugha U cl )uqF; gksus
dk ukrk T
l)k$kjksa ls ;g Hkh L0F gks x;k fd @l lad dh +k*<h
)sa u rks dks6; ]kkldh; foHkkx dk;;jr f2[kkU u dks6; tu
0zfrfuf/k gh f2[kk6; f23T 3d jktuSfrd 2y ds usrk rks 0fjokj lfgr
0k-$ flrkjk gksy )sa $ys x3T tks lg;ksx ds gk:k :ksU lc ds
lc 9;fErxr laos2uk ds 5yLoP0 vkxs vk3 :ksT 6lfy3 g) dg ldrs
gS fd )qRc6; )sa )kuork dk 0Mk @Hkj dj vk;kT f2y dgrk gSU
W )qRc6; rqRgkjh t; gks TW
)qRc6; ds ty 0zy; ds rhljs f2u ls )qvkotk c-us dh
xa/k 5Syh vkSj rc jktuhfrd 2yksa ds 0zfrfuf/k vkSj ]kkldh;
d);$kjh vkxs vk3T yxk fd lRrk gST ysfdu )qIs rks foKokl
gks x;k fd ljdkj vkSj ljdkjh laxJu lad ds l); )sa fdlh dk) ds
ugha gST
192
vk63 vc $ysa v)sfjdkT v)sfjdk 2qfu;k dk lcls v)hj vkSj
]kkfErKkkyh 2sKk gST 6l ]kkfErKkkyh 2sKk )sa 0gys vk;kU
dSjhuk dk r#5ku vkSj f5j jhkT 3slk yxrk gS fd 0zdGfr
jkFg0fr cqKk vkSj v)sfjdk ls 0zl1u ugha gST 6u r#5kuksa
us v)sfjdk dh QsFJrk ds vgadkj 0j 0kuh 5sj f2;kT lc dqL
@yk 0qyk gks x;kT Hkkjh rckgh ds ck2 Hkh ogk-
9;oL:kk t) ugha 0k6; T
dSjhuk ds vkx)u ds ck2 0zdGfr us tks Hkkjh vk+kkr dj
uqdlku 0gq-$kuk :kkU og rks 0gq-$k;k gh 0j ogk- 6l +
kuk ds ck2 tks y#0kU fagalkU vkxtuh gq6;T 5kSt dks
9;oL:kk t)kus )sa yxkuk 0*<kT v9;oL:kk dk uaxk uk$
gqvkT 6lls ;g Hkh flH gks x;k fd dsoy /ku ls ughaU ojuD )u ls
Hkh 9;oL:kk lRc1/k gST Hkkjr dk uSfrd 0Mk )qRc6; )as
f2[kk U ogk- v9;oL:kk dk cstk 5k;2k @Jkus ds fy3 xq.*s
vkSj c2)kKk lf_; ugha gq3T vkSj rks vkSj 6l Hkkjh rckgh ds
ck2 Hkh oLrqvksa ds )#'; )sa cstk 5k;2k @Jkus dh
0zoGfRr Hkh ugha f2[kk6; 2hT
6lls ;g flH gksrk gS fd v)hjh dk l)q2z Hkh @:ky 0:kqy
)sa )uqF; dks c$k ugah ldrkT )uqF; dks c$kus ds fy3 /ku
ugha )uqF;rk dh vkoK;drk gS vkSj lR0#.k; )uqF;rk Lkss
"Lks uSfrd xq.kksa )sa l)kfgr gST tSls v.kqc) fgalk vkSj
rckgh ykrk gS oSls gh v.kqozr uSfrdrk dh )Kkky tykrk
gST 3d fo/oal )sa vkxs gS 2#ljk )uqF;rk dks thfor j[kus ds
fy3 v)Gr gST
"""""""""""""
193
@*<rh v5okgs "3d $qukSrh
vHkh 3d lk)kftd dk;; ls jktL:kku ds dksk uxj x;k :kkT
L:kkuh; syhfotu dk $Suy $y jgk :kkT 3d 0qfyl vf/kdkjh
ckj"ckj v5okgksa ls lko/kku jgus dh v0hy dj jgk :kkT 0rk
$yk fd 3d vuql#f$r tkfr ds ;qok dh gR;k gks x6; gS vkSj
]kgj )sa ruko gST 2qdkus c12 gks x6; gS vkSj 0qfyl gjdr
)sa vk x6; gST v5okgksa ls cktkj c12 gST 2ks $kj f2u ck2
gh l)k$kj 0? )sa l)k$kj 0X<k fd fdlh dLcs dh ou foHkkx dh
Hk#f) 0j jk)2soth ds 02 f$1g @Hkj vk3 gST ;g v5okg $y 0*h
vkSj 6l v5okg ds 5yLoP0 @Er L:kku 0j Hkh*< t)k gksus
yxhT cktkj rS;kj gks x;kT voS/k fu)k;.k ds lk:k 0#tk 0kJ
0zkjRHk gks x;k T
vktdy vlk)kftd rRo v5okgs 5Sykdj 3d lj22; 0S2k dj 2srs
gST l)kt fcuk r:;ksa ds tkus r)kKkchu cu tkrk gS vkSj l)L;k
@J [k*<h gksrh gST dgh v5okg lrh gksus dh gksrh gS rks
dgh $kd# $yus dh vkSj Hkh*ra? l)L;k [k*<h dj 2srk gST
v5okgksa ds 0Sj ugha gksrsT dks6; vk/kkj ugha gksrkT
vlk)kftd rRoksa ds Lok:k; voK; v5okg ds 0hLs gksrs gST
6u v5okgksa ls v1/k foKokl voK; 5Syrk gS tSls dqL f2uksa
194
0#o; Hkxoku x.ksKk ds 2#/k 0hus dh gok 3sls $yh fd lkjs
2sKk )sa x.ksKk 2#/k 0hrs f2[kk6; f23T
v5okg dk v:k; gS v0qF l)k$kj T 3d 3slk l)k$kj ftldh
0qfF ugha dh tk ldrhT ftl)sa l>$k6; dk vaKk ugha gST 6ls
g) @*<rh [kcj U d>$h [kcjU dkuksa lquh ckr gok6; [kcjU
gok6; ckr Hkh dg ldrs gST 0jsKkkuh ;g gS fd 3slh [kcjsa
ftuds r:;ksa ds lRc1/k )sa dqL Hkh foKokl ds lk:k ugha dgk
tk ldrkT U fcuk vk/kkj ds gok dh rjg 2kS*rh gS vkSj 5Sy
tkrh gST vc la$kj )k/;)ksa ds foLrkj ds ck2 rks syh5ksu
Hkh 3slh xN0 5Sykus )sa )22xkj gks x;k gST x.ksKk th ds
2#/k 0hus dh [kcj 5Syus )sa syh5ksu dk c*<k @0;ksx
gqvk T v1;:kk ;g [kcj 0#js 2sKk )sa dSls 5Syrh .
v5okg Hkjh [kcjs l2k ls l)kt ds fy3 3d [krjukd fL:kfr
cukrh gST 6lls Hk;U ]kadkU @R01u gksrh gST 3d Lksh lh
f$uxkjh v5okg ds P0 )sa foLrkj 0kdj 2axk Hk*<dk ldrh gST
v9;oL:kk 0S2k dj ldrh gST 0zKkklu dks 9;:k; ds dk;ks; )sa
@yIk ldrh gST fdlh Hkh uxj dh ]kkf1Rk 9;oL:kk Hkax dj
ldrh gS vkSj v1/k foKoklksa dk 0zlkj dj ldrh gST 6lfy3 lH; l)kt
ds fy3 v5okg dyad P0 gST tc 9kLrq fL:kfr dk 0rk $yrk gS rc W
[kks2k 0gk*< fudyh $#fg;kU okyh dgkor flH gksrh gST
l);U /kuU foKokl dh gkfu dk rks va2kt gh ugha yxk;k tk ldrkT
v59kkg fdlh rjg dh gks og fodkl ds )kx; )sa ck/kk curh
gST
vfoKokl ds Loj " lcls c*<k [krjk ;g @J jgk gS fd yksx
v5okg 0j vf/kd foKokl djrs f2[kk6; 2s jgs gS vkSj vf/kdGr
l)k$kjksa 0j d)T fdlh Hkh 2q+k;uk ds ck2 tc )Gr ;k +
kk;yksa dh la[;k vf/kdGr P0 ls crk6; tkrh gS rks lk)k1; fN0.kh
lquh tkrh gS fd ;g la[;k fL0k6; tk jgh gSaT oLrqrY la[;k
vf/kd gSU jktuhfrd 2y vkSj @lds usrkU dk;;drk; rd 6l dkuk
5#lh )sa lfR)fyr gksrs f2[kk6; 2srs gST ]kklu vkSj vf/kdGr
l#$uk ds12zksa ds lRca/k )sa 6l rjg dk vfoKokl @R01u djuk
u fdlh 2y ds fgr )sa gS vkSj u 2sKk ds T
ukxfjdksa ds dr;9; Hkh gS dqL " vc g) 3d Lora? 2sKk ds
ukxfjd gST 3d ukxfjd dh rjg g)kjs Hkh dqL @Rr2kf;Ro gST
@u @Rrj2kf;Ro )sa ]kkf1r 9;oL:kk cuk3 j[kus )sa lg;ksx
195
djuk 3d vkoK;d dr;9; gST ;f2 g) v0us @Rrj2kf;Ro dk fuok;g
ugha djrs vkSj Hkh*ra? ds fgLls cu tkrs gS rks g)sa
uqdlku @Jkus vkSj rukoxzLRk thou ;k0u djus ds fy3 rS;kj
jguk $kfg3T jkFgf0rk )gkR)k xk-/kh us ck0# ds vkKkh;ok2
)sa fy[kk gS U W v5okg lquuk ugha U lquuk rks )kuuk ugha
TW ysfdu gks @yk jgk gS T
lad dh +k*<h )sa tc v5jk r5jh )$h gks rc Hkh* dk
fgLlk cuuk ljy 0zrhr gksrk gST jks) ds dfo o vfHkusrk
0fCyfy;l lk;jl us Jhd dgk gS UW lad )sa gj v59kkg lquus
;ksS; l)Ih tkrh gSTW v59kkg lquus rd rks Jhd gS fd1rq
@ls vkxs cX<k dj @l 0j foKokl trkuk l#[kh 5#l )sa vkx
tykus tSlk gST 6lfy3 g) dqL ugha dj ldrs rks @l v59kkg ds
foLrkj ds Hkkxh2kj rks )u cus T
0fo? xz1:k dqjvku ds fu2s;Kk " dqjvku )sa L0F fu2s;Kk
gS fd fdlh Hkh v59kkg dk foLrkj ugha fd;k tkuk $kfg3T ;f2
g) rd dks6; v5okg vkrh gS rks g)sa ;k rks L:kkuh;
vf/kdkjh dks l#? lfgr tkudkjh 2suk $kfg3 ;k v0us /kkf);d
usrk dks [kcj 0gq-$k 2suk $kfg3 rkfd os @ldh tk-$ dj oLrq
fL:kfr tku dj l)qf$r 9;oL:kk o dk;;okgh dj ldsaT
2sKk dh vktk2h ds d6; oFk; xqtj x3T lkMkjrk )sa Hkh
lq/kkj gqvkT d6; fuok;$u gks $qds Uvc rks 0ztkra? ds
ukxfjdksa dks v0us @RRkj2kf;Ro dk tkxPdrk0#o;d fuok;g
djuk $kfg3T vlk)kftd RkRoksa ds fy3 v59kkg 3d gf:k;kj gST
@ls cks:kjk cukuk g)kjk dr;9; gS T v59kkgksa dks t*< ls
dkuk vc g)kjk dr;9; cuuk $kfg3 T
"""""""""""
196
vk0dk 0fjokj fdruk c*<k gS
vktdy Lkss 0fjokj dk fo$kj )k1; fd;k tkus yxk gST 0gys
dgrs :ksU W g) 2ks g)kjs 2ks W vktdy @lls Hkh vkxs cX<dj W
g) 2ks g)kjk 3d W tSls fo$kj Hkh 0fjokjksa )sa v0uk;s tk jgs
gST l); dh )kax gST vc g)us thou dh tks 0Hfr v0uk;h gSU
@l)sa c*<s 0fjokjksa ds fy3 L:kku ugha gST la;qEr 0fjokj
dsoy g)kjs Lok:k;oKk ugha #sU dqL vkf:k;d dkj.k gh
3sls @R01u gks x;s fd @udk cuk jguk lRHko gh ugha jgk
vkSj ;gh vkf:k;d dkj.k vkt Lkss 0fjokj dks js[kkafdr dj jgs
gST
g)kjs 3d f)? gS Qh WdW T os 6l Lkss 0fjokj ds fo$kj ls
ukjkt gST @udk d:ku gS fd 0fjokj Lksk gh ugha gqvkU og
ladqf$r Hkh gks x;kT 0frU 0Ruh vkSj c>>ks u @lds vkxs
dks6; f2[kk6; 2srk gS vkSj u 0hLsT os 3d @2kgj.k 2sr gST
rk-x )sa tqrs +kks*s dk Uftldh vk-[k ds vkl0kl 0Dh yxh
jgrh gSU tks +kks*s< dks lk)us 2s[kus dks )tc#j djrh gSaT
og vkl0kl 2s[k ugha 0krkT g) Hkh Lkss 0fjokj )sa v0us
csks" csf;ksa ds vfrjfERk fdlh dks 2s[k ugha 0krsT u
)krk"f0rkU u Hkk6;"cfguU u v1; fjKrs2kj T tc g) [k#u ds
fjKrksa dks gh udkj 2srs gST rc l)kt U2sKk vkSj foKo 0j rks
2GfF tk gh ugha ldrhT g)us Lksk 0fjokj gh ugha v0uk;k
gST g)kjh 2GfF Hkh ladqf$r gks x;h gST g) v0us Lok:k; ds
vfrfjEr dqL 2s[k gh ugha 0krs vkSj 6lfy3 l)kt o jkFg ds fy;s
tks 9;k0d 2GfFdks.k vkoK;d gksrk gSU @ldk vkt vHkko gST
E;k ;g l$ gS " f)? dk ;g 2GfFdks.k ;f2 l$ gS rks cgqr
xRHkhj f$1ru dk foFk; gST ;g lgh gS fd vkt ls 0ka$ 2Kkd rd
197
)krk"f0rk U Hkk6;"HkkHkh Uc>$s 3d 0fjokj )kuk tkrk :kkT
ftruk c*<k 0fjokjU @ruk ]kkfErKkkyh 0fjokjT c*<s 0fjokj ds
v0us ykHk :ksU fd1rq vkS+kksfxd _kf1r vkSj vktk2h ds ck2
2sKk dh foKkkyrk ds dkj.k dk;;Mks? dk tks foLrkj gqvkU
@l)sa ;g lRHko gh ugha jgk fd lR0#.k; 0fjokj 3d gh L:kku 0j
jkstxkj ds @RRk) volj 0k tk;sT d.Jdk# 0zfr;ksfxrk ds gksrs
gq3 xq.koRrk dh )kax cX< x;h gST jkstxkjU 9;k0kj ds volj
cX< x;s vkSj 3sls )sa 0fjokj dk 3d gh L:kku 0j Jgj tkuk lRHko
ugha jgkT vrY la;qEr 0fjokj dh vo/kkj.kk dks /kEdk rks tPj
yxkU fd1rq 0fjokj Lkss gks x;s vkSj fo$kjksa )sa ladqf$rrk
vk x;hU ;g /kkj.kk xyr gST
0fjokjksa dk 2k;jk foLrGr gqvk " vkt dh fL:kfr 0j ;f2 l#M)rk ls
fo$kj djsaxs rks 0rk $ysxk fd 0fjokj dk 2k;jk vc foLrGr gks
x;kT fo$kjksa )sa @2kjrk Hkh vk;h gST ys[kd us xSl
v:kkfjh vk-5 6f.*;k ds d);$kfj;ksa ds 0fjokjksa dks 2s[kk
gSa 2sKk ds fofHk11k Hkkxksa ls vk;s ;s 0fjokj 3$&ch&ts& 0k60
yk6u ds fy;s @[tSu ds Mks?h; dk;k;y; )sa 02L:k :ksT
caxky U vl)U )gkjkFgU rf)yuk*q Uduk;d ds ;s Lkss 0fjokj
dk;;L:ky ls ysdj 0fjokjksa rd 6l 0zs) Hkko ls ca/ks :ks fd
@Rlo ls ysdj ch)kjh vkf2 dfJuk6;;ksa )sa Hkh 0fjokj ds l2L;
dh rjg 3d 2#ljs ds lg;ksxh jgrsT dks6; 0fj$; ugha Udks6;
jEr"lRca/k ughaU f5j Hkh os vk0l )sa ca/ks :ksU gj dk;; )sa
lgkuqHk#fr0#o;d tq*s< :ksT 6lds vfrfjEr 6uds 0kl dks6;
)kx; gh ugha :kkT
vkt 3d dk;;L:ky 0j dk) djus okys d);$kjh ;k vf/kdkjh
0zfr;ksfxrk vkSj Lok:kks;a ds jgrs gq3 Hkh lad ds l); tks
lg;ksx vkSj R;kx dk vk2Kk; 0zLrqr djrs gSU og g)sa ;g L)j.k
djkrk gS fd 0fjokj dk 2k;jk cX< x;k gST 0fjokj cgqr Lkss
ugha gST 0fjokj )sa l2L; la[;k cX< x;h gST fdlh Hkh lad
)sa dks6; vdsyk ugha gSU dks6; u dks6; lg;ksx ds fy;s
rS;kj gST
dk-yksuh dh laLdGfr " cX<rh tula[;k us vc uxjksa ds
foLRkkj dks dk-yksuh ds PNk )sa L:kkf0r fd;k gST ;s
dkyksuh 3d Lkss xzk) tSlh gh gksrh gST 6ldh l)L;k3-a gj
fuoklh dh l)L;k gksrh gST vk2)h 3d 2#ljs dks 0g$kurk gST
6u dkyksfu;ksa ds fuokfl;ksa )sa Hkh 0fjokj tSlk okrkoj.k
198
0k;k tkrk gST v0us fuokl dh dkyksuh dk 3d @2kgj.k L)j.k
vkrk gST 3d jktLo fujhMkd dh oGH )k- vdL)kr ch)kj gks
x;hT jktLo fujhMkd fdlh 2#jL:k xzk) )sa Hkz).k 0j :ksT
dk-yksuh )sa 0*<ksl ds 3d 0fjf$r dks [kcj 0gq-$hT os x;sU
)k- dks vL0rky )sa Hkrh; djk;kT v0uh 0Ruh o csh dks
vL0rky )sa j[kk vkSj Hkkstu vkf2 dh 9;oL:kk dhT @uds tSlh
lsok dsoy lkgks2j Hkzkrk gh dj ldrk gST ;g 3d v>Lh
dk-yksuh dk 0fjokj gS ;k dgsa v>Ls 0fjokjksa dh dk-yksuh
gSU ftl)sa 0fjokj ds lHkh xq.k fo\)ku gST
v1; @2kgj.k " vktdy 0fjokj dk foLRkkj 0zR;sd L:ky 0j 2s[kk tk
ldrk gST vHkh $kj/kk) dh ;k?k tkus dk lq;ksx f)ykT 6l)sa
cSJrs gh ;k?k ds 0zc1/kd us 3d 2#ljs dk 0fj$; djk;k vkSj dgk
fd ;g ;k?k 3d 0fjokj dh rjg fgyf)y dj dhft;sU rkfd ;k?k )axy);
gksT 6l ;k?k )sa duk;dU dsjyU )gkjkFg ds ;k?h :ksT lcdh
v0uh HkkFkkU laLdGfrU fo$kj vyx"vyx :ksT fd1rq l)Lr ;k?k
dky )sa og Hkk6;$kjk f2[kk6; f2;k fd dqL dgk ugha tk
ldrkT fc2k6; ds l); lcus 3d 2#ljs dks 0rkU syh5ksu uRcjU
L)Gfr f$1g f2;s vkSj 0quY f)yus dh dk)uk dhT ;g cl ;k?k dk
0fjokj fcL*<us dk 2GK; gST
vktdy 0fjokj Lkss gksus 0j vady"vkaah laLdGfr dk
foLrkj gqvk gST 0fjokjksa )sa vkl0kl ds 0fjf$r 0fjokjksa ds tks
Hkh Lusghtu vkrs gSU os vady dgs tkrs gST 6u lRc1/kksa
)sa Hkh 6ruh vf/kd fudrk 0k;h tkrh gS fd jEr"LkRc1/k
Hkqyk f2;s tkrs gST ;s lRc1/k lad ds l); vc cgqr dk) vkrs
gST dgk tkrk gS fd 0*<kslh lcls fud dk fjKrs2kj gST 0#o;
fo/kku )sa dgk x;k gSU W 2#jL:k Hkk6; ls l)h0L:k 0*<kslh
vf/kd v>Lk gST WW 3slk 6lfy;s dgk tkrk gS fd 0*<kslh lad
dh +k*<h )sa g)kjh lgk;rk ds fy;s rRdky vk tkrk gST
0*<kslh ds lRc1/k )sa 3d yksdksfEr 0z$fyr gSU W 0*<kslh dh
lgk;rk djuk /k); crk;k x;k gST 0*<kslh ls v>Ls lRc1/kksa dk
fo$kj 0zk$hu dky ls fo\)ku gST okLrfodrk ;g gS fd g)kjs
lRc1/k gksrs gh @uls gSU ftuls g)kjs fo$kj f)yrs gST laLdGr
)sa 3d yksdksfEr 0z$fyr gS W ;ksS;ks ;ksS;su lRc1/k W ;ksS;
dk ;ksS; ds lk:k @RRk) lRc1/k gksrk gST 0fjokj )sa Hkh ;f2
vk$kj"fo$kj dh fHk1urk gks rks lRc1/k fdkc ugha gksrsT
199
oGHksa dh fL:kfr " 0fjokj )sa )krk"f0rkU 2k2k"2k2h dk
L:kku c*<k lR)kutud )kuk tkrk jgk gS vkt 3dy 0fjokjksa )sa
@udk dgh vrk 0rk ugha gST ;g 3d 2qY[k2 fL:kfr gSU ysfdu
6l fL:kfr )sa 3d fof$?rk Hkh 0zd gksrh gST vkt 0fjokj )sa
rks os txg ugha 0k jgs gSU 0j l)kt )sa vkt Hkh oGHksa dk
lR)kutud L:kku gST ogha 0fjokj tks v0us )k-"ck0 ds lk:k
ugha jg jgkU v0uh dk-yksuh ds v1; oGHksa dks lRRkku vkSj
lg;ksx 2sdj Lo;a dks dGrk:k; vuqHko dj jgk gST ys[kd Lo;a
oGH gS vkSj v0uh dk-yksuh )sa furk1r vdsyk jgrk gST
ys[kd dk vuqHko gS fd l)Lr 3dy 0fjokj @ldks ;:kkKkkfEr
lgk;rk djus dks rR0j jgrs gSU 6lfy;s vktdy cgqr ls oGH Lo;a
vdsys jguk vku12 02 )kurs gST thou ds vf1r) Mk.kksa )sa
v0us 0fjf$r L:kkuksa 0j v0us 0q?ksa ds lk:k 3dk1r Hkksxus ls
LokyRchU lR)kutud thou vf/kd lq[k2 gST 6l)sa u oGHksa dk
2ksFk gS U u csks dksT ;g vkf:k;d $_ dh )tc#jh gST
6l)sa vk/kqfud fo$kj/kkjk ds 2ksFk Hkh ftR)s2kj gks rks
Hkh dqL fd;k ugha tk ldrk T
0fjokj dk foLRkkj " @0;qEr 2GfFdks.k ls 2s[ks rks vc 0gys ls
0fjokj dk cgqr vf/kd foLRkkj gqvk gST jEr lRc1/kksa dh
0zxkX<rk rks vkt Hkh gST fg12h )sa yksdksfEr gS W ykJh
)kjus ls 0kuh vyx ugha gksrkT W Lok:k;jfgr lRc1/k rks vkt
Hkh [;ksa dh R;ksa gSU 0j 0zs) dk foLrkj dk;;L:kyU
dk-yksuhU 0*<ksl vkSj v1;? Hkh 2#j"2#j rd 5Syk gST
0fjokj dk ladqf$r 2k;jk foKkkyrk )sa cX<k gST 6l 0zfr;ksfxrk
ds ;qx )sa dsoy v0us csksa 0j fl)dj dks6; l5y thou ;k0u
ugha dj ldrkT 0zR;sd dks 0zs)U LusgU foKokl U R;kx dk Mks?
2#j"2#j rd ys tkuk gksxkU 6lfy3 tks Hkh 6l ;qx )sa 3dy 0fjokj
dh 0fjf/k )sa v0us dks jksdsxkU @ls dq3 ds )saXd dk lq[k rks
f)ysxk U fd1rq og xaxk Luku dk vku12 ugha ys 0k;sxkT
0fjokj dh vo/kkj.kk gh 3d 2#ljs ds lq[k"2qY[k )sa dk) vkusU
3d 2#ljs ds fy;s R;kx djus vkSj fcuk ]kr; fuj1rj 0zs) djrs jgus
0j vk/kkfjr gST 6ldk foLrkj gh or;)ku lRc1/kksa dk foLrkj
gST g)sa ;g L)j.k j[kuk $kfg3 fd g) fdrus gh $rqj $kykd
gksU lkjh $rqjk6; dh 0ksy [kqy tkrh gST lkalkfjd lRc1/kksa
)sa Hkh l5yrk 0kus ds fy;s 0fjokj )sa @0kft;r vk/;kfR)d xq.kU
0zs)U R;kxU )S?hU foKokl vkSj lg;ksx 0kus ds fy3 vkrs gST
v0us Lkss 0fjokj dks foLrkj 2sdj foKo)S?h dh vksj d2)
cX<kuk T l5y thou ds fy;s vkoK;d gST dG0;k vaxzst
2kKk;fud gc;; L0salj ds 6u ]kC2ksa 0j fo$kj dhft;sU WW
200
dks6; Hkh )uqF; rc rd 0#.kRk;k Lora1? ugha gks ldrkU tc rd
lHkh Lora1? ugha gks tkrsT dks6; Hkh )uqF; rc rd
0#.k;r;k uSfrd ugha gks ldrkU tc rd lHkh uSfrd ugha gks
0krsT dks6; Hkh )uqF; rc rd 0#.k;r;k 0zl1u ugha gks ldrkU tc
rd lHkh 0zl1u ugha gks tkrs TWW
6lfy;s ;f2 g) dsoy v0us Lkss 0fjokj ds 2k;js )sa ladqf$r
fo$kj j[ksaxs rks l5yrk Ul)GfH Uvku12 f)y gh ugha ldrkT
g)as 3d cgqr c*<s 0fjokj )sa g-lh"[kqKkhU R;kx"lsokU
lg;ksxU l)1o; dh Hk#f)dk dk fuok;g djuk gh 0*s<xkT vc tc
0#jh 2qfu;k 3d xzk) dk P0 ys jgh gS vkSj 0zfr;ksfxrk foKo9;k0h
gks jgh gSU rc W g) 2ks g)kjs 2ks W ds ladqf$r 2k;js )sa
fo$kjjr )kufldrk dks 0jsKkku gksuk gh gST vrY v0us 0fjokj
dks foKkky P0 2hft;sT lR0dks; ds 2k;js foLrGr dhft3T dsoy
v0us Lok:kks; 0j fo$kj )r dhft;s T g)kjs foLrGr 0fjokj )sa
lHkh dk )axy gksU d';k.k gksU 6l 0j 0gys fo$kj dhft3 T
$sLj $k'l; ds 6u ]kC2ksa dks ;k2 jf[k;sU WW dks6;
Hkh )uqF; dsoy v0us fy;s gh xqykc vkSj dj)d'yk @R01u
ugha djrkT vku12 0zkfNr ds fy;s rqRgsa @1gsa ck-uk gh
gksxk TWW
fl1/kh dfo fdfKku$12 WcsclW us v0uh dfork Wo2h f2fyW
)sa dgk gSU W lalkj )sa v0us f2; dks foKkky cukvksaU rq)
Hkh jgks vkSj )Sa Hkh jg#-T v0uh )uksoGfRRk )sa
0fjor;1k ykvksU rq) Hkh jgksU )Sa Hkh jg#-a T ;f2 dqqRc
lRc1/k u gksus ds dkj.k rqRgkjs futh thou )sa )sjk dks6;
L:kku ugha gks rks Hkh lgkuqHk#fr0#.k; f2; ds fdlh dksus
)sa :kks*<k L:kku rks 2s gh 2ksT W rsjhW vkSj W)sjhW dks
lhf)r djds rq) Hkh jgksU )Sa Hkh jg#-TWW
v0us Lkss 0fjokj dh ladqf$r )kufldrk dks Lks*<s fcuk
vkt thou lRHko gh ugha gST dq3 ds )saXd )r cfu;sU v0us
0fjokj dks foKkky P0 2hft;s T
""""""""""
tc ys[kd ]kk1rk Eykl cuk a
lkark Eykl vkt c>$ksa vkSj oGHksa lHkh ds ch$ vR;1r
yksdf0z; 9;fErRo cu x;k gST Lkss Ck>>ks lkark Eykl dh
201
)ksgd )q2zk dks 0g$kurs gST f2lRcj o tuojh dk 0z:k) lNrkg
rks )kuks lk1rk Eykl ds uk) ds lk:k tq*< x;k gST 2qfu;k
ds gj 2sKkU tkfrU /k); dk Hks2 rks*<djU lkark Eykl )kuork
dk 0zrhd cu $qdk gST 6ldk 3glkl ys[kd dks gqvk f2lRcj %AA7
)sa T 2sojk 2soukjk;.k uxj jryk) uxj dh 3d dkyksuh gS 6l)sa
ys[kd jgrk gST (, f2lRcj dks dkyksuh ds dqL 9;fEr vk3 vkSj
0zLrko j[kk fd ys[kd lk1rk Eykl cu tk3T dqL vkK$;; gqvk T
0#LkU WWE;ks WW @RRkj f)yk WW vk0 oGH gS vk0dh Lfo lk1rk
Eykl ls )sy [kk3xhT 3d 0zsjd la12sKk gS lk1rk Eykl TWW
6l dkyksuh )sa dsoy 2ks 6lk6; 0fjokj gS fd1rq lk1rk
Eykl dk tkfr /k); ls E;k ukrU ys[kd us gk- Hkj 2hT LCchl
f2lRcj dks dk-yksuh ds c>$s 3d? gq3T f_l)l gh ds uh$s
lk1rk Eykl 3d dqlh; 0j cSJs T c>>kksa us xhr xk3 uGR; fd3
vkSj $qdqys Udgkuh lquk6;T oks vku12 gqvk fd dqL
0#Lks )rT lk1rk Eykl gks vkSj c>>ks [kkyh gk:k tk3 3slk rks
gks gh ldrkT f)Jk6;U $kdysU jcjU 0safly vkf2 @0gkj c>$ksa
dks ckas x3T rc 0#Lk x;kU WW ;g lkark Eykt gS dkSu . dgk-
ls vk3 .WW 0j 6l dk-yksuh )sa dks6; tkurk u :kkT
lk1rk Eykt dh Lfc 3d 2;kyq oGH dh gST tks f_l)l ds
0#o; vkrs gS vkSj c>$ksa ds rfd3 ds uh$s fofHk1u @0gkj
j[kdj $ys tkrs gST vc rks )krk"f0rk v0us c>$ksa dks dgrs
gSU WW lk1rk Eykt vkrs gS vkSj v>Ls c>>kksa dks @0gkj
2srs gST rq) v>Ls c>$s cuksxs rks rqRgsa @0gkj f)ysxk WW
jkr )sa c>>ksa ds rfd3 ds uh$s )krk"f0rk gh @ldk dks6; f0z;
@0gkj j[k 2srs gS vkSj lqcg @Jrs gh c>$k 0zl1u )q2zk )sa
f[kyk f[kyk lk lcdks crkrk gS fd jkr )sa lk1rk Eykt @0gkj j[k
x3 gST
l1r fudksyl dk ;g P0 "
lk1rk Eykl okLro )sa 3d 9;fEr dk uk) gST ;g l1r
fudksyl :ks l1r fudksyl ds lRc1/k )sa vkEl5ks*; dyhfl;k
ZkudksFk )sa fy[kk gS fd og y#fd;k 0zk1r )sa )k;jk dk foKk0
:kkT ;g 0#oh; vkSj 0fK$)h dyhfl;k )aas vR;1r yksdf0z; :kk
fd1rq 6ldh thouh ds lRc1/k )sa tkudkjh ugha ds cjkcj gST
dgrs gS fd f2;ksEysR;ku lrko ds l); ;g c12hxGg )sa *kyk
x;k :kkT
202
WW l1r f0zLdl 3a* l1r fudksyl WW ds fxjtk+kj ds lRc1/k )sa
6ldk 0gyk @'ys[k gS ftls l)zk ;qLrh1;ku us dkuLrrhuks;y
)sa cuok;k T ckjh uk)d L:kku ds fuokfl;ksa us A )6; %BA8
dks 6lds L)Gfr ]ksFkksa dks 0kus dk 2kok fd;k @l l); ls 6ldh
HkfEr 0fK$) )sa yksdf0z; gq3 T
l1r fudksyl )'ykgksa dk lajMkd l1r )kuk tkrk gS tks
fxfjtk+kj 6uds uk) ls cuk3 tkrs gST os l)q2z r ls f2[kk6;
2srs gST ;g c>$ksa dk ljaMkd l1r gST lksus ls Hkjh rhu
:ksfy;k- ftlds fofHk11k v:k; yxk3 tkrs gS 6lds 0zrhd gSU
0o; f2ol Lg f2lRcj WW
lksus ls Hkjh rhu :ksfy;k- "
l1r fudksyl dks vR;1r 2;kyq o 2kuohj )kuk tkrk gST
foKksFkdj os c>$ksa ds 0zfr foKksFk Lusg j[krs :ksT 3d ckj os
jkLrs ls xqtj jgs :ks rks rhu y*fd;ksa dks $$k;jr 0k;k fd
@udk fookg 2gst u 2s 0kus ds dkj.k u gks 0k3xk E;ksfd
@uds 0kl 2gst ugha gST l1r fudksyl tkurs :ks fd ;f2 os
y*<fd;ksa dks /ku 2saxs rks os LokfHk)kuoKk ;k ladks$oKk
ugha ysxhT vrY l1r us jkr )sa Lr 0j $X<dj jlks6; ds /kq3-
okys cRcs ls Lo.k; )q2zkvksa dh :kSyh fxjk 2hT jlks6; )sa
y*<fd;ksa dh rhu tks*<h tqjkcsa l#[k jgh :khT :kSyh
tqjkcksa )sa fxjhT rhuksa cguksa us Lo.k; )q2zkvksa dh
:kSyh dks 0zHkq dk @0gkj )kudj Lohdkj dj fy;k r:kk 6l /ku ls
/k#)/kk) ls fookg dj fy;kT
6l +kuk ds 0zrhd dks l)I vkt Hkh f_l)l dh jkr dks
;#jks0h; 2sKkksa )sa c>$s +kj ds ckgj v0us )ksts l#[kus *ky
2srs gST @1gs 0#.k; foKokl gksrk gS fd ckck lk1rk Eykl jkr
ds v1/ksjs )sa xq0$q0 vkdj @udk )u$kgk @0gkj *ky tk3xs
vkSj vkt Hkh v0uk @0gkj 0kdj 0zl1u gh gksrs gST E;ksfd
@uds )krk"f0rkUHkk6; ;k dks6; v1; 0*<kslh @uds 6l
foKokl dks cuk3 j[kus ds fy3 )kStksa )sa dks6; u dks6;
@0gkj j[k gh 2srs gST
c )sa [k*<s rhu c>$s "
6l lRc1/k )sa ;g d:kk 0z$fyr gS fd 3d 9;fEr us ;#uku dh
jkt/kkuh 3:ks1l )sa v0us rhu c>>kksa dks 0X<us HkstkT 6u
c>$ksa ls dgk x;k fd os jkLrs )sa l1r fudksyl ls f)y ysT
rhuksa c>>ksa ;k?k 0j $y 0*<s T jkLrsa )sa @1gsa 3d ljk;
203
f)yh ftl)sa os Jgj x3T 6l ljk; )sa 3d vlk)kftd rRo Hkh Jgjk
gqvk :kkT @lus 6u c>>kksa dks )kj *kyk vkSj 3d c )sa
0d f2;kT
6l +kuk dh tkudkjh l1r fudksyl dks LoNu ls gq6; T l1r
fudksyl @l ljk; )sa vk3 vkSj @l gR;kjs dks [kkstdj ltk 2hT
dgrs gS fd rc l1r fudksyl us Ck 0j _kl dk fuKkku cukdj
c>$ks dks thfor dj f2;kT
c>>kksa dks thfor djus ds 6l $)Rdkj dh $$k; 2#j 2#j
rd gq6; vkSj l1r fudksyl u dsoy 0zflH gks x3 os yksdf0z; Hkh
gq3T
dyhfl;k dksFk ds vuqlkj @udk 0o; Lg f2lRcj gS 0j
dkyk1rj )sa ;g 0o; f_l)l ds lk:k )uk;k tkus yxk vkSj l1r
fudksyl lk1rk Eykl gks x3T lk1rk Eykl dh osKkHk#Fkk E;k
jgh . dks6; ugha tkurk T vkt tks yky $ksxk vkSj l5s2
2kX<h 0gus lk1rk Eykl f2[kk6; 2srs gST og rks v)sfjdh
dksdkdksyk da0uh ds 0z$kj vfHk;ku dk 0fj.kk) gST dqL Hkh
gks l1r fudksyl vkt 2qfu;kHkj )sa lk1rk Eykl ds P0 )sa tkus
tk jgs gST okLro )sa lk1rk Eykl 0jks0dkjU xqNr lgk;rkU c>$ksa
dh dks)y Hkkouk ds 0zfr @2kjrk vkSj xqNr 2ku dh )gku 0jR0jk
ds 0zrhd gST ;s Hkkouk3- gh gS ft1gksus lk1rk Eykl dks
foKo9;k0h yksdf0z;rk f2yk6; gS vkSj f_l)l 0o; dks ladqf$rrk
ds ckgj dj f2;k gST lk1rk Eykl )kuo /k); dk 0zrhd NkqPFk
gST g-lrkU )qLdjkrk U lg;ksxh gk:k tks c>>kksa dk LoNu
cudj vkrk gST [kqfKk;k ck-Rkk gST
""""""""""
vfHkusrk ugha dykdkj cfu3
;g lalkj 0fjor;uFkhy gS T 6l)sa tks vkt tSlk gS og dy oSlk ugha
jgsxk T 0zfrMk.k 0fjor;u dks g) 2s[k jgs gS T 6lfy3 0zR;sd Mk.k +kfr
6l 0fjor;u dks 3d l>$k6; ds P0 )sa g)saa Lohdkj djuk $kfg3 T 0zR;sd
204
/k); 6l l>$k6; dks Lohdkj dj g)sa thou ;k0u dk )kx; f2[kkrk gS T
lk2k thou @>$ fo$kj /k)k;s dk )#y gS T )uqK; )k? dh l)kurk 3oa
laos2uFkhyrk lHkh /k)ks; )sa j$h clh gS T 6lfy3 vgadkj ds fy3 thou
)sa dgha L:kku ugha gksuk $kfg3 T f5j Hkh g) 2s[krs gS fd tjk lh
foFksKkrk ;f2 Hkxoku dh dG0k ls g)sa 0zkNRk gks x6; rks g) v0us vk0
dks lcls vyx vkSj QsKJ l)Ius yxrs gS T ;g QsKJ l)Ius dk Hkko g)kjs
vk$kj vkSj fo$kj )sa Iydus yxrk gS vkSj ;gh ls g)kjs 0ru dh dgkuh
fy[kuk 0zkjRHk gks tkrh gS T
vHkh Hkkjr ds LokL:; )a?h us 3d c;ku )sa fcx ch v:kk;rD
vfHkrkHk c>>ku vkSj vfHkusrk kkgP[k [kku ls fuos2u fd;k fd os
lko;tfud P0 ls flus)k ds 02s; 0j flxjs 0hrs gq3 f2[kk6; u 2sU 6l)sa gh
l)kt dh Hkyk6; gS E;ksfd 2sFk ds ;qod @1gs uk;d )kurs gS vkSj
@udk vuqlj.k djrs gS T flxjs 0hus ds [krjksa dks lc tkurs gST ;g 9;lu
dks6; 5k;2k ugha djrk ojuD 6ruk gkfudj gS fd yk[kks 0fjokj cck;2
gks jgs gS T flxjs ds 0Sds 0j ;g vafdr gS fd 6ldk @0;ksx gkfudkjd
gS T 2qfu;k ds r)k) 2sFk 6l l>$k6; dks Lohdkj dj jgs gS vkSj
/k#z)0ku 0j jksd yx jgh gS T dSalj ds lkJ 0zfrFkr )jht /kqz)0ku ds dkj.k
6l jksx ds $0s )sa vk jgs gS 3slh fL:kfr )sa LokL:; )a?h dk ;g
lko;tfud l12sFk 2ksuks dykdkjksa ds fy3 @f$r gh :kk vkSj 6l)sa 3slk
dqL ugha :kk fd 6lls 61dkj fd;k tk lds T )gkuk;d vfHkrkHk c>$u us
6l l12sFk dk dks6; tokc ugha f2;k T os )kSu jgs U6ldk v:k; ;g gS fd
@1gksus 6l lqIko dks Lohdkj fy;k T
Jhd 6lds fo0jhr vfHkusrk kkgP[k [kku us 2#ljs gh f2u 6l l12sFk 0j
fN0.kh djrs gq3 6ls vfHku; dh 2qfu;k dh vkoF;drk vkSj dgkuh dh
)ka-x ds vuqPNk @0;ksx djus dh vkoF;drk 0zfr0kf2r dh T os dgrs gsS
V E;ksa vk0dks yxrk gS fd yksx 6lfy3 flxjs 0hrs gS E;ksfd )Sa 0hrk
g#- T vxj )sjk vuqdj.k djuk gh gS rks )sjh d*<h )sgur dk vuqdj.k
E;ksa ugha djrs W ;g @2Dxkj @uds vgadkj dh +kksKk.kk djrs gS T
)kuks os dguk $kgrs gS fd @udk 0fjQ) gh @udh l5yrk gS T ;g l$ Hkh
gks ldrk gS 0j g)sa ;g ugha Hk#yuk $kfg3 fd djks*ks 2sFkoklh dJksj
205
0fjQ) djrs gS vkSj flxjs ugha 0hrs T @uls ;g 6lfy3 fuos2u fd;k x;k :kk
fd os vfHkusrk gS T $)drs 2)drs 0j2s 0j os 6Jykrs cy[kkrs )qLdjkrs
xkrs f2[kk6z; 2srs gS @udh 6l thou kSyh dk vuqdj.k uo;qod Hk#y
$#d )sa dj cSJrs gS E;ksfd os 0#.k; PNk ls 0fj0Eo ugha gq3 gS T
;qodksa ds fy3 os vkt 3d v2kdkj dh rjg vk2Fk; gS T vk2Fk; 9;fEr dh
ftR)s2kjh dqL vf/kd gksrh gS vkSj 6lfy3 os v0us lk)kftd 2kf;Ro dks
Lohdkj dj 6l ldkjkR)d vfHk;ku )sa lgHkkxh cus T @udk @RRkj vkSj
ck*<h ysSoSt 6l ckr dk ladsr 2srh gS fd os vgadkj )sa *#c x3 gS
T os Hk#y jgs gS fd ;g $)d 2)d l2k ugha jgus okyh gS T f5')h
thou 3sls gh v'0dky dk jgrk gS @u tSls tkus fdrus vfHkusrk l); dh
v/kadkj PNkh [kk6; )sa *#c dj yk0rk gks x3 gS T
vkt lkjh 2qfu;k fl) jgh gS vkSj 6lfy3 0fF$) dh 5SFku 0jLr gok3a
@0HkksErkok2 dks r#5ku dh rjg cgkdj g)kjs 2sFk )sa 3d? gks jgh
gS T 0fF$) ds 6l v1/kkuqdj.k dks g) vk/kqfudrk )ku jgs gS T f5')h
vfHkusrk 6l vk/kqfudrk ds 0zrhd gS ;s 0zrhd cktkj ds Hkko rko ds
vuqlkj )kuo thou dks @0HkksErkok2 )sa *#ck 2suk $kgrs gS ;s
cktkj gS E;k . flf:k;k ds 2kFk;fud vukdkfl;l dgrs gSUV cktkj 3d 3slk
vyx fufF$r dj f2;k x;k L:kku gS tgk-a )uqK; 3d 2#ljs dks /kks[kk 2s
ldrs gS W T 6l /kks[ks dks g) l2k lgrs jgsxs U 3slk ugha gS T cktkjok2
vkSj @0HkksErkok2 vkt lj 0j $Xdj cksy jgk gS ysfdu 6lds dkj.k g)
;qokvksa ds LokL:; ds lk:k f[kyok*< $yrs jgus 2sxs T ;g lks$uk
Hk;adj Hk#y gS T ;qokvksa dk LokL:; 2sFk dh v)#'; lR0fr gS vkSj
@ls flus)k ds vgadkj dk fFkdkj ugha gksus f2;k tk ldrk T flus)k dk
dks6; Hkh vfHkusrk v0us lk)kftd 2kf;Ro ls dSLks 61dkj dj ldrk gS
T
f5') vfHkusrk kkgP[k [kku v0uh f5')h l5yrk ds vgadkj )sa dqL
vf/kd gh *#c jgs gS T g) lc tkurs gS fd dksdkdksyk vkSj 0sNlh )sa
gkfudkjd rRo gS T ;s LokL:; dks gkfu 0gq-$krs gS T oSZkfud
kks/k 6ls flH dj $qds gS T 6l 0j jksd yxkus dh )k-x dh x6; T f5')
vfHkusrk kkgP[k [kku 6lds foZk0u dj jgs :ks T tc @uls dgk x;k rks
206
@1gksu dgk U V vxj Hkkjr )sa 0sNlh 0hus 0j jksd yx x6; rks )Sa
v)sfjdk tkdj 0hcxk W vc vk0 fo$kj dhft3 fd ;g +kksKk.kk E;k dgrh gS T
E;k ;g vgadkj ugha gS T )uqK; dks 3sFo;; vkSj l5yrk vgadkjh cuk
2srh gS og l)Ius yxrk gS fd )S dqL g#- T ;g 0ru dk jkLRkk gS T
dykdj dk 2f;Ro " vkt flus)k ds vfHkusrk dks dykdkj dgdj g)
lR)ku 2srs gS T dykdkj dk 2kf;Ro 2sFk vkSj l)kt ds 0zfr vR;f/kd gST
vkt flus)k dyk ds uk) 0j 5SFku 0jksl jgk gS tks cktkj dh @0Hkksx
oLrq gS T 5kalhlh dfo [;k-a dkErks fy[krs gS UV 5SFku lq12j
oLrqvksa dks t1Rk 2srh gS tks l2So l); 9;rhr gksus ds lk:k dqPNk
gks tkrh gS T W 5SFku dyk ugha gS dyk ds lRc1/k )sa Hkkjr ds 0z:k)
0z/kku)1?h o Nk& tokgj yky usgP foFo 6frgkl dh Iyd )sa fy[krs gSU V
Hkh* dh lrgh dk;;okfg;ksa dh v0sMkk dyk vkSj lkfgR; jkKg dh
vkR)k dks )gku v1rj2GfK 0z2ku djrs gS T os g)sa kkf1r vkSj
fujHkz fo$kj ds jk[; )sa ys tkrs gS tks Mkf.kd Hkkoukvksa vkSj
0#o;xzg ls 0zHkkfor ugha gksrs TW
3d l>$s dykdkj ds lRc1/k )sa @01;kl l)zk 0zs)$12 dgrs gSS U
VV tks vk2)h l>$k dykdkj gS og Lok:k;;); thou dk 0zs)h ugha gks
ldrk WW jkKgf0rk )gkR)k xk-/kh fg12h uothou )sa fy[krs gS UV tks
v1rj dks 2s[krk gS Uckm; dks ugha Uogha l>$k dykdkj gS T W
vkt vkoF;drk 6l ckr dh gS fd flus)k ds vfHkusrk dykdkj cus U
lk)kftd @RRkj2kf;Ro dks l)Is T
vfHkusrk cuuk E;k gS .
g)kjs flus)k ds vfHkusrk vHkh dykdkj ugha gS 6lfy3 os vfHku;
txr )sa Hkys gh uk;d cus f5jrs gks U@1gs lk)kftd 2kf;Ro dk Hkku
ugha gS 6lfy3 vfHku; ds lRc1/k )sa vaxszt fuc1/kdkj gStfy us tks
dgk @ls lqfu3 "
VV vfHkusrk gh 6;)ku2kj Xksaxh gksrs gS T @udk thou 3d ladf'0r
LoNu gS vkSj @udh vkdkaMkkvksa dh $j) 0fj.kfr gS Lo;a ds vfrfjEr
dqL gksuk T os 2#ljs )uqK;ksa ds HkkS;ksa dh 0ksFkkds 0gurs gS
@uds fo$kj Hkh v0us ugha gksrs TWW
207
flus)k us 0gq$k;k uqdlku "flus)k ds vgadkjh uk;dksa us 2sFk
dks 0fF$)h lH;rk )sa jax dj Hkkjh uqdlku 0gq-$k;k gS v0kj 0#ath ds
cyc#rs 0j os lk)kftd 2kf;Ro Hk#y jgs gS T @1gksus ukjh kfEr dks
v/k;uSu dj 0zs) ugha Uokluk 0zLrqr dh gS T )k-a ds PNk dks foL)Gr
fd;k gS vkSj ukjh ds 2sg kksKk.k dks cXkok f2;k gS vkSj @uds rd;
os gh gS tks kkgP[k [kku 0zLrqr dj jgs gS T ysfdu g) lcdks ;k2 j[kuk
$kfg3 fd l); 0fjor;uFkhy gS vkt tks gS og dy ugha jgsxk ysfdu ;s
2sFk ;gh jgsxk T g)kjh laLdGfr vkSj lH;rk ;gh jgsxh vrY 2sFk fgr )sa
lksf$3 U fou)z cfu3 T
""""""""""""""
[kcjksa dh Hkh [kcj yhft3
l)k$kj Nk? fdlh Hkh 0ztkra? ds )tc#r LrRHk gksrs gS T
la$kj dzkafr ds ck2 rks @udh kkfEr )sa vkSj Hkh oGfH gq6; gS T os
tu)r cukus okys gksrs gS T 0ztkra? )sa ;f2 fojks/kh 2y d)tksj Hkh
208
gq3 rks os kklu 0j 2cko cukdjU os fojks/k dks lFkEr cukdjU @1gs Loj
2s 2srs gS T la$kj dzkafr ds ck2 rks h&oh& ds )k/;) ls l)k$kj $Suy
ds PNk )sa os +kukvksa dks 2GK; PNk )sa f2[kkus yxs gS T ;g 2GK;
)hf*;k ;\f0 l)k$kj Nk? dk L:kku rks ugha ys ldk 0j @lus v0uh fL:kfr
voF; )tc#r dh gS T vc f2u jkr dHkh Hkh l)k$kjksa dks h&oh& 0j
2s[kk tk ldrk gS T ;s 2GK; )k/;) l)k$kj Hkh 2s jgs gS vkSj fo$kj Hkh
T
2GK; l)k$kj $Su'l ds Okjk tks l)k$kj f23 tk jgs gS U @udh l);
l); 0j l)hMkk tPjh gS E;ksfd l)k$kjksa dk ;g )k/;) 1;#t0s0j dh rjg gh
Lora?rk dh )k-x Hkh djrk gS vkSj @0Hkksx HkhU 0j okLro )sa 6l
)k/;) 0j cktkj dk vR;f/kd 0zHkko jgrk gS T l)k$kj Nk?ksa ds lk)us 3d
@2D2sF; U vk2Fk; jgrk gS T oSls @l rjg ds vk2Fk; dh vkFkk h&oh&
$Su'l ls ugha dh tk ldrh T h&oh& $Su'l 9;k0kjh dh rjg dk;; djrs gS
T d) ls d) Hkkjr )sa rks ;gh f2[kk6; 2s jgk gS T 6lfy3 @udh [kcjksa
dh [kcj ysuk vkoF;d gST
2k)%&kpkj mtkxj djuss esa 2k#fedk " h&oh& ds l)k$kj $Su'l us
HkzKk$kj @tkxj djus )sa 3d vk2Fk; Hk#f)dk v2k dh gS T 2GK; )k/;)
ls c*s< c*<s jktusrkvksa dks voS/k /ku vt;u djrs ftl rjg Lkss 0j2s
0j f2[kk;k x;k @lls jktusrkvksa )sa g*dR0 )$ x;k T vusd jktusrkvksa
dks h&oh& 0j voS/k /ku ysrs f2[kk;k x;k T @uds lsEl Lds.*yl
ukxfjdksa ds lk)us vkus yxs T 2GK; )k/;)ksa us 6l f2Fkk )sa 3d
vk2Fk; dk;; fd;k T ukxfjd v0us jktusrkvksa ds okLrfod PNk dks 2s[k
lds T 2GK; )k/;) ful12sg 6lds fy3 /k1;ok2 ds 0k? gS T l)k$kj Nk? Hkh
6l f2Fkk )sa dk;;jr :ks fd1rq @uds Okjk tks r:; 0zd fd3 tkrs :ks U
@1gs flH fd;k tkuk dfJu gksrk :kk T @1gs 61dkj fd;k tk ldrk :kk
fd1rq 2GK; )k/;) us 2GK; f2[kk dj lcdh cksyrh c12 dj 2h T
[kcjks d' [kcj5 tgk-a rd v1; [kcjks dk 0zFu gSU @udh [kcj ysuk vkoF;d
gS& fofHk1u h&oh& l)k$kj $Su'l tks [kcjs 0zlkfjr dj jgs gSa @1gsa 6l
0zdkj ck-ak tk ldrk gS&
%& 5SFku dh [kcj s" [kcjks )sa u6; 5SFku dh [kcjs h&oh& $Su'l 0j
0z)q[krk ls f2[kk6; tk jgh gS& 5SFku )k*'l dh 0js*< $kgs tSlh
gks U @ls f2[kkuk 6u $Su'l us v0uk dr;9; )ku fy;k gS& [k#cl#jr
L?h 0qdKkksa dh cukoh v/k;uSu rLohjs [kcjkas ds dNk )sa ;g
$Su'l f2[kkus )sa 0zfr;ksfxrk djrs utj vk jgs gSa& @1gsa foFokl
gS fd Hk#).*yhdj.k ds 6l l); )sa Hkkjr ds ukxfjd 6u 5SFku
kkst dks 2s[kus ds fy3 yykf;r gSaT
(& u6; dkj ;k ck6d dk vkx)u " Hk#).*yhdj.k dh 6l gok )sa u6;
dkj ;k ck6El Hkkjr dh /kjk /kk) 0j vorfjr gq6; gS& rks @ldk lf$?
o.k;u ); [k#fc;ks ds l)k$kjks )sa f2[kk;k tkuk Hkh [kcjks dk 3d
Hkkx gS& 3d vkd;Kk.k 0S2k djuk @udk @2D2sF; gksrk gS& ;s
209
lc ;f2 foZk0u )sa f2[kk3a rks Hkh l)Ik tk ldrk gS 0j 6udk
0z2;Fku gksrk gS [kcjks ds d0 )sa& ;s [kcj dSls cuh ;g dsoy
$Su'l okys tkurs gSa vk) turk dks 6ls 2s[kus )as dks6; df$
ughs gksrhT
,& f5')h [kcjs " f5')ksa dh [kcjs Hkh h&oh&ds l)k$kj $Su'l
0z)q[k PNk ls f2[kkrs gS T dkSu"dkSu lh f5')sa u6; tkjh gq6;
T dkSu lh fu)k;.k/khu gS. dkSu uk;d ukf;dk us E;k dgk- .
fdldk fdlls v5s;j $y jgk gS vkf2 Hkh l)k$kjksa ds vkd;Kk.k gS
T c>$u 0fjokj )sa fookg @Rlo rks jkKgh; l)k$kj cudj 2Fk;dksa
ds d6; +k1s [kk x;k T lat; 2Rr dks ltk E;k gq6; U h&oh&
l)k$kjksa us f2u jkr 3d dj f2;k T yxk tSls dks6; jkKgh; 2q+
k;uk gks x6; gS T
/& fdzds l)k$kj " fdzds ds l)k$kj Hkh h&oh& $Su'l 0j f2u jkr
f2[kk;k tkuk )kuks @udk dr;9; gks x;k T ;f2 h) thr x6; rks
@Rlo )usxk ugha rks )kr) )ukus ls 61gs dkSu jksd ldrk gS T
6l 2sFk )sa dsoy 3d gh [ksy gS ftldk 2Fk;u 0z2Fk;u h&oh&
l)k$kjksa 0j f2u jkr f2[kk;k tkrk gS T ksKk [ksy rks Mk.k 2ks
Mk.k )sa fu0k3 tkrs gST
@Er 0zdkj dh [kcjsa f2[kkuk h&oh& ds l)k$kj $Su'l dh
vk2r cu x6; gS T 6l 0j dgk ;g tkrk gS fd ;g lc turk 2s[kuk $kgrh
gS U6lfy3 f2[kkrs gST 3slk yxrk gS fd Hkkjr dh turk us 6u $Su'l
dks dks6; 0zk:k;uk Nk? Hkstdj fuos2u fd;k gksxk fd Hkn;k ;s
l)k$kj tPj f2[kkvksa U ckdh tks 6>Lk gks og f2[kkvksa T
D;k ;s [kcjsa gS . ";g 3d Lksk loky gS fd E;k ;s [kcjs gS Hkh T [kcj
fdls dgrs gS . E;k gS [kcj dh 0fjHkkKkk U vk6;3 fo$kj djs T v)sfjdu
Nk?dkj $k'l 3*l;u *ku V 9gk 6t 1;#t W ys[k )sa dgrs gS Vtc
dks6; dqRrk )uqK; dks dk-s rks og l)k$kj ugha gqvk U 0j1rq tc
dks6; )uqK; fdlh dqRrs dks dks rks og Vl)k$kjW gqvkW U 6l
0fjHkkKkk ds vk/kkj 0j @0jksEr l)k$kjksa dks rksfy3 vkSj 0rk yxk63 fd
dkSu ls dqRrs us 6u l)k$kj )k/;)ksa dks dkk gS ftlds dkj.k ;s l)k$kj
cus U l)k$kj cudj @Hkjs T f5')ksa vkSj 5SFku r:kk u6; dkjksa dh
tkudkjh foZk0u dh foKk; oLrq rks gks ldrh gS 0j @1gs l)k$kj dSLks
dgk tk ldrk gS .
lekpkjksa ds i)dkj " 2qfu;k )sa cgqr lh +kuk3-a 0zfrf2u +kfr gksrh
gS T dqL l)k$kj jkKgh; Lrj ds gksrs gS U dqL dk jk[;ksa ls lRc1/k
jgrk gS vkSj dqL L:kkuh; Lrj ds gksrs gS T h&oh&ds l)k$kj $Su'l 6l
foHkktu dks l)Irs gh ugha T fookfgr tks*s< ds t#r) 0Stkj dk l)k$kj
Hkh os jkKgh; Lrj 0j f2u jkr f2[kk3 tk3xs T @1gs 6lls dks6; ysuk
2suk ugha fd 6l l)k$kj ds 0zfr E;k vk) ukxfjd )s dks6; Pf$ gS . ;k
6ldk E;k 0zHkko 0*s<xk .
210
vijk0k lekpkj " gj l)k$kj $Suy us v0jk/k l)k$kjksa dks v0us 2Sfud
0zlkj.k dk vax rks )ku gh fy;k gS fd1rq v0jk/k l)k$kjksa dk 3d vyx
dk;;dz) Hkh cuk j[kk gS ftl)sa dsoy v0jk/k l)k$kj 2ksgjk3 tkrs gS T
6u v0jk/k l)k$kjksa )sa E;k gksrk gS . cykRdkj U gR;k U ukjh 2sg
kksKk.k cl T 3d vjc ds 2sFk )sa cykRdkj vkSj ukjh 2sg kksKk.k ds
v0jk/k ;f2 +kfr gksrs gS rks vkF$;; E;k . gj 2sFk )sa 3sls v0jk/k gksrs
gS T @1gs jl ys ysdj [kks2 [kks2 dj vkSj uaxk djus )sa E;k )tk gS T
l)k$kj $Su'l 2s[kus ls yxrk gS fd lkjs 2sFk )sa ;gh gks jgk gS T jkst
jkst f2u jkr vk0 gtkj ckj ;gh f2[kk3xs rks E;k fo$kj 0u0sxk T okLro
)sa 3sls l)k$kjksa ls 3d udkjkR)d l12sFk tkrk gS T uSfrdrk dk NkMk
d)tksj gksrk gS
g)sa ;g )kuus ds fy3 rS;kj gksuk $kfg3 fd Hk#).*yhdj.k dh gok
)sa tks [kqys0u dh odkykr g) dj jgs gS T @l)sa ;s v0jk/k cXs gS T
6u v0jk/kksa dh vfHkoGfH ds dkj.kksa 0j h&oh& $Su'l )kSu gS T os
kklu 0zFkklu dks 2ksKk 2srs f2[kk6; 2srs gS fd1rq vc 6l l>$k6; ls
dSls 61dkj fd;k tk ldrk gS fd ;s h&oh& $Su'l uaxs0u dk tSLkk vkSj ftl
PNk )sa 0z$kj dj jgs gS U ;g @ldk Hkh 0zHkko gS T d6; ukxfjd
laL:kk3a vkSj 0qfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa ds v0jk/k foos$u ls 6l r:; dh 0qfK
gq6; gS fd vck/k Lora?rk fd ftl ukjs dk h&oh& $Su'l 0z$kj dj jgs gS
@lls 6l 0zdkj ds v0jk/kksa )sa oGfH gq6; gS T
h&oh& $Ssu'l l)ySafxxrk U fookg 0#o; lsEl dk Lora?rk ds uk)
0j l):k;u djrs utj vkrs gS U ckx cfx$ksa )s [kqys L:kkuksa 0j vFyhy
dGR; djrs ;qokvksa dks ;f2 0qfyl 0d*<rh gS rks @1gs yxrk gS fd
;qokvksa dh Lora?rk ds vf/kdkj )s ck/kk 0gq-$k6; tk jgh gS T h&
oh& l)k$kj $Su'l dk ;g P[k L0KRkY ukjh v0jk/kksa )sa oGfH )s lgk;d
gS T ;g Lora?rk ds vf/kdkj dk +kksj 2qPNk;ksx Hkh gS T
v70kfooklksa es vf2ko?f@ " l)k$kj $Su'l 2sFk )sa v1/k foFoklksa dk
foLrkj djus )sa )gRo0#.k; Hk#f)dk v2k dj jgs gS T 3d l)k$kj ls lkjs
2sFk )s v1/k foFokl dh gok 5Syus yxrh gS T L0su 2sFk ds ys[kd 3oa
0k2jh ck'klkj xzkfFk;u dgrs gS V gj 0zFkalk dh rqyuk )sa cqjk l)k$kj
2#j rd tkrk gSU W vaxszt dfo f)'u dgrs gSU V cqjk l)k$kj rsth ls
2kS*<rk gS U v>Lk l)k$kj Pdk jgrk gSW
cqjs l)k$kj dks rsth ls 2kS*<kuk g)kjh yky$h 0zoGfr dk ladsr
djrk gS T v)sfjdu fuc1/kdkj cqzEl 3fdlu dgrs gSU V yky$h l)k$kj
Nk?ksa ds )q[k NkGKJksa 0j rks )uqK;ksa ds dqd); vafdr gksrs gS
0j1rq lqd)ks; dks 0zk;Y @2klhurk ds lk:k v12j 25uk f2;k tkrk gS
W ;gh h&oh& l)k$kj $Su'l dj jgs gS T
6l 0zdkj cykRdkj U L?h 2sg kksKk.k U v1/kfoFoklksa ds l)k$kj
lkjs 2sFk )s )qEr +kks*s< dh rjg v1/kh 2kS*< yxk jgs gS vkSj
211
ukxfjd 0jsFkku U rukoxzLr gksdj Hkh dqL dj ugha 0k jgs gS T
kklu"0zFkklu 0zs) dh Lora?rk ds uk) 0j $q0 gS vkSj $Su'l 9;k0kjh
cudj 6l Lora?rk dk 2qPNk;kssx dj jgs gS T vHkh rd dqL d)h :kh 6lfy3
vc l)k$kj $Su'l us 2Sfud jkfFk5y Hkh 2suk 0zkjRHk dj f2;k gS
lkekftd .kf;/o dk v2kko " l)k$kj $Su'l dsoy l)kt ds 20;.k ugha gS T
@udk dqL lk)kftd 2kf;Ro Hkh gS T os 9;k0kjh gS rc Hkh 2sFk ds 0zfr
@udk 2kf;Ro rks jgsxk gh T @1gs 2sFk ds lk)us )Fkky ysdj
)kx;2Fk;u dh )gRo0#.k; Hk#f)dk Hkh fuHkkuh $kfg3 T )gkR)k
xka/kh fg12 Lojk[; )sa dgrs gS V fdlh Hkh v[kckj dk 0gyk dk) gS U
yksxksa ds Hkkoksa dks l)I dj 0zd djuk T 2#ljk dk) gS yksxksa
)sa ftu Hkkoukvksa dh tPjr gks @1gs tkxGr djuk T rhljk dk) gS
yksxksa )sa ;f2 dks6; 3c gks rks @1gs fdlh Hkh )qlhcr dh 0jokg u dj
cs/k*<d lcds lk)us j[k 2suk TW
l)k$kjksa dk lalkj cgqr foFkky gS T 6l)sa tkudkjh gS rks Zku
foZku Hkh gS T fofo/k foKk; gS lkjk lalkj [kcjksa dh 2qfu;k )sa gST
6ldks jks$d cuk dj ldkjkR)d lalkj dk fu)k;.k fd;k tk ldrk gS T v)sfjdu
fFkMkd *sfu;y ts&cqfL;u us 6lhfy3 dgk gS V 3d l); :kk tc fdlh
@Rrstuk foghu l)k$kj Nk? dk 0kJd dgrk :kk V vkt lalkj fdruk uhjl
gST W vktdy og dgrk gS V dSlk uhjl l)k$kj Nk? gS TW
h&9kh& ds l)k$kj $Su'l l)k$kj Nk?ksa ls dqL vf/kd lqfo/kktud
fL:kfr )sa gS T foZku ds gtkjksa gk:k @uds lk:k gS T @ldk @0;ksx
9;k0kj ds Lkk:k lk:k )kuo d';k.k ds fy3 Hkh gksuk $kfg3 v1;:kk
@1kds 6l uhjl PNk dk vf1r) 0fj.kk) rks @1gs gh Hkqxruk 0*s<xk T
"""""""""""""
0atkch HkkKkk ds )qgkojs " yksd thou ds
vuqHko
212
fdlh Hkh HkkKkk )sa @l)sa 0z$fyr dgkorksa dk c*<k )gRo
gksrk gS T dgkors thou ds vuqHkoksa dk lkj gksrh gST ;s xkxj )sa
lkxj Hkjrh gS vkSj HkkKkk )sa og $)Rdkj @R01u djrh gS fd Hkko
vk-[kksa ds lk)us rSjus yxrs gS T 6lfy3 HkkKkk )sa dgkorksaU
)qgkojksa dk c*<k )gRo gS T 6u dgkorksa dks @fErU )lyU jok;r U
yksdQqfr Uokrk; UyksdksfEr flHkar Hkh dgk tkrk gST okLro )sa 6ldk
lRc1/k yksd ls gksrk gS vrY ;g lk)k1;tu dh HkkKkk )sa ;k dgsa
cksy$ky dh HkkKkk )sa gh gksrh gST W )qgkojk V vjch HkkKkk dk
kC2 gS 6l kC2 dk v:k; gh gS ckr$hr djuk ;k @Rrj 2suk gh gS vrY
6ls rts;"dyk) ;k 6Lrykg Hkh dgrs gST
)qgkojs kC2ksa dk [ksy gS T ;s kC2 vuqHko ds vk/kkj 0j
@0;ksx )sa yk3 tkrs gS T 6lfy3 6l)sa tks kC2 0z;qEr gksrs gSU
@1ghs dk @0;ksx fd;k tkrk gST ;f2 @u kC2ksa ds l)kuk:k;d
kC2ksa dk Hkh @0;ksx g) djs rks dHkh rks v:k; gh c2y tk;xk ;k
kC2ksa ds c2yus ls og vuqHkot1; f$? g)kjs lk)us ugha vk3xk tks
)#y dgkor ls 0zd gksrk gS T )qgkojs ds kC2 l)#g ls yMk.kkR)d
v:kk 9;atukt1; dqL v:k; fudyrs gS T dgkor ds kC2 c2y tkus ls f5j
og v:k; ugha jg tkrk T dgkor dh 0fjHkkKkk *k& vks) 0zdkFk xqNr us
6u kC2ksa )sa 2h gS W 0zk;Y kkjhfjd $sKkvksa vL0K /ofu;ksa U
dgkfu;ksa vkSj dgkorksa v:kok HkkKkk ds dfr0; foyMk.k 0z;ksxksa ds
vuqlj.k ;k vk/kkj 0j fuf);r vkSj vfHk/ks;k:k; ls fHk1u dks6; foFksKk
v:k; 2sus okys fdlh HkkKkk ds xJs gq3 PX< okE; U okE;kaFk ;k kC2
l)#g dks )qgkojk dgrs gS V fgc# HkkKkk ds dfo )#lk fcu ;kd#c
6Cu 3tj 6ldh rhu foFksKkrk3a crkrs gS T :kks*s kC2 U Jhd Hkko U
@Rr) fcRc T 6lh 0zdkj )qgkojksa dks vuqHko lR; +kksfKkr djrs gq3
L0suh HkkKkk ds @01;kldkj lsjokaht dgrs gS W 3slh dks6; yksdksfEr
ugha gS tks lR; u gks V
213
gj HkkKkk )sa )qgkojs 0z$fyr gksrs gS T Hkkjrh; HkkKkkvksa
)sa Hkh 6l yksdok.kh dk ckgq'; gS T 0atkch HkkKkk )sa Hkh dgkors
")qgkojs cgqrk;r ls 0z$fyr gS tks 6l HkkKkk ds @0;ksx djus okys
9;fEr;ksa ds vuqHkoksa dh +kksKk.kk djrs gST 0atkch HkkKkk dks
cksyus okys )LrU lkglh Uohj vkSj ft12kf2y gksrs gS T ;s d);;ksx ds
0zsjd gS U g)sa d);Fkhy cukrs gS T vk63 6udh ckuxh dk v/;;u
voyksdu djsaT
vkt +kj +kj )sa lkl cg# dh y*<k6; U )rHks2 vkSj 2q9;ogkj dh
dgkuh lquk6; 2srh gS T 0atkch HkkKkk )sa 0z$fyr 3d yksdksfEr 6ldk
c*<k xgjk6; ls foos$u djrh gS T vk63 2s[ks E;k l12sFk gS 6l dgkor
dk T
0q? gksos $axk rks u#g lkl uky y*s E;ks .
rok gksos Hkkjh rks jksh l*<s E;ks .
lokj gksos $axk rks +kks*<k v*s E;ksa .
uh;r gksos $axh rks Hk#[kk )js E;ksa .
6l dgkor ds gj 0zFu )sa 3d tokc gS T ;f2 0q? v>Lk gks
rks lkl cg# E;kas y*s T lkl cg# dh y*<k6; )q[; PNk ls rHkh
gksrh gS tc cg# dks 0q? dk 0#.k; )kS1k l):k;u gksrk gS T
v0uk gh csk ;f2 [kksk flEdk gks rks cg# dk E;k 2ksKkT
6ls L0K djus ds fy3 dgk x;k gS fd ;f2 rok Hkkjh gks rks
jksh l*<s E;ks . v:kk;rD [kjkc E;ks gks T ;f2 lokj dqFky
gks rks +kks*<s ds v*<us dk loky gh ugha gS T og rks
lj0 2kS*<sxk T ;f2 fu;r v>Lh gks rks dks6; Hk#[kk )js
E;ks . v:kk;rD ;f2 Q) djus dh 6>Lk gks rks Hk#[kk )jus dk
loky gh ugaha @Jrk T
3d vkSj dgkor )sa 3d )uksoSZkfud r:; dks @[kkxj fd;k
x;k gS T cgq/kk lkl v0uh cg# dks dqL fFkMkk 2suk $kgrh
gST lykg 2suk $kgrh gS 0j fo$kj djrh gS fd lh/ks lh/ks dgus
ls kk;2 og cqjk )ku tk3 vrY og v0uh 0q?h dks dgrh gS vkSj
lqukrh gS cg# dksT dgkor gS Wvk[ks +kh u# lqukos u#g
u# V v:kk;rD dgrh 0q?h dks gS U lqukrh cg# dks gS T 3d
rhj ls 2ks fuFkkus )kjuk 6lh dks rks dgrs gS T
Hkkstu g)kjs fy3 lcls )gRo0#.k; gS T ;f2 vk2)h Hk#[kk
gks rks f5j Hktu ugha gks ldrk T 6l Rk:; dks 0atkch dgkor
214
)sa dgk x;k gS W 0s u 0s6;ka jksf;k lCCks x'yk [kksf;k V
v:kk;rD 0s )sa jksh u 0*<s rks lc ckrs [kksh T 6lh
dgkor dks fg12h )sa dgk x;k W 0gys 0s 0#tk U f5j dk) 2#tk
V 0s )sa jksh tkus ds ck2 2qfu;k dh gj ckr l)Ih tk ldrh
gST
Hkkstu ds lRc1/k )sa 3d v1; dgkor Hkh 0z$fyr gS WW
[kk+kk rka jt ds lq.krka )qg dt ds VV v:kk;rD Hkj 0s
[kkuk $kfg3 vkSj )q-ag Xddj lksuk $kfg3 T ;g dgkor vkyL;
ohjksa ds fy3 dgh x6; gksxh T
0atkch yksdksfEr )sa 3d 0q? ds fo$kj dk l):k;1k
ugaha gS T 3d l1rku gksus 0j @lds @02zoh gksus dh
vkFkadk jgrh gS T dsoy 3d l1rku gksus ds 0zHkko dk o.k;u
djrs gq3 dgkor dgrh gS W gsd 0q[k u t) j1us Uckgj oats rks
lkjs v1usU +kj vkos rks Hkk-*s Hk1us V v:kk;rD 3d 0q?
ugha gksuk $kfg3 gS T ckgj $yk tk3 rks +kj ds lkjs yksxksa
dk va/kk0u Fk#1;rk yxrh gS T +kj )sa vk tk3 rks cr;u
5ks*<rk gS T
9;aS; ds Loj " 0atkch dgkorksa )sa 9;aS; c*<k )q[kj gksdj
cksyk gS T Xksax ds lRc1/k )sa lk/kq dk @2kgj.k 2srs gq3
dgk x;k gS W lk+kka dh ySxs Lok2k uky U l.ks )yk6; vkus f2
vks V v:kk;rD )qIs lk/kq dks Lok2 ls E;k ysuk U v>Lk
)qIs )yk6; ds lk:k 2#/k 2suk V
6lh 0zdkj 9;:k; ds 2ksKkkjks0.kkksa dks ysdj Hkh 3d
dgkor )sa tksj2kj Idk f2;k x;k gS T dgkorh dgrh gS W
@Jh u ldk rs f5s )qg xks*s;ka u V v:kk;rD [kq2 dks @J
ugha ldrk vkSj 2ksKk +kquksa dks 2srk gS T
/ku ds 0zHkko ls 3d )#[k; 9;fEr Hkh vkt cqfHthoh
dgykrs gS T ;g lR; l2k dk gS U l2k jgsxk T 6ldk o.k;u 0atkch
yksdksfEr )sa 6u kC2ksa )sa fd;k x;k gS WW tS12s 0ys 2kus
vks 2s d)y oh L;k.ks V v:kk;rD ftlds 0kl /ku gS os )q[k;
Hkh cqfH)ku dgykrs gS T
6l 0zdkj 0atkch )qgkojksa )sa 0zFuksRRkj ds PNk )sa U
9;aS; ds PNk )sa r:kk vuqHkoh lR; ds PNk )sa dgkors dgha
x6; gS T ;s dgkors 6lh PNk )sa ;k dqL fHk11krk ds lk:k
215
2sFk dh lHkh HkkKkkvksa )sa 0k6; tkrh gS T 6lls L0K gS fd
yksd thou )sa 2Sfud 9;ogkj ds vuqHko yxHkx 3d tSls gS
T ;s yksdksfEr;k okLro )sa yksd ds f2; dk )); gS tks
lkfgR; )sa lkxj )sa xkxj Hkjrs gq3 thou ds lR; dks @tkxj djrk
gS T vaxzth ds fuc1/kdkj csdu us l$ dgk gS WW fdlh jkKg dh
0zfrHkk U fo2S/krk vkSj Hkkouk @ldh dgkorksa )sa 0zkNRk
gks tkrh gS TVV
""""""""""""""
216
2losa xzg dk Lokxr";ksS; c2yrk PNk
g)kjs l)kt )sa d6; fjKrs gS vkSj ;s fjKrs ;k rks
jEr"lRc1/kksa ds dkj.k gS ;k fookg"lRc1/k ds dkj.kT dqL
fjKrs 0zs) ds dkj.k gSU fd1rq 6u fjKrksa )sa fookg ds dkj.k
@R01u fjKrk 2k)k2 dk Hkh gST ;g fjKrk vR;1r 0qjkuk gS vkSj
ftlus Hkh fookg fd;k gS Uog 2k)k2 voK; cu tkrk gST 2k)k2
fdlh ds fy;s cguks6; gksrk gS rks fdlh ds fy;s thtk ;k 5#5k
T fookg gksrs gh 3d 9;fEr d6; P0ksa )as f2[kk6; 2sus yxrk
gST tc 9;fEr fdlh dk 2k)k2 curk gS rks @ldk 3d llqjky gksrk
gST llqj ds fuokl dks llqjky dgrs gST llqjky 2k)k2 ds fy;s
Lox; dgk x;k gST tks vk2j" lRRkku 2sorkvksa dks Lox;
)sa f)yrk gSU og 2k)k2 dks llqjky )sa f)yrk gST
2k)k2 ds gj 0zdkj ds Lokxr ds fy;s llqjky )sa @ldh lklU
llqj UlkysU lkfy;k- vkSj 0fjokj ds lc l2L; 0zl11krk ls tq tkrs
gST 2k)k2 dks 0zl1u djus ds fy;s @ldh gj )k-x Lohdkj dh
tkrh gSaT og llqjky )sa vR;1r )gRo0#.k; vfrf:k dh rjg
0zl1urk0#o;d jgrk gSU ysfdu 6ruk lc dqL gksrs gq3 Hkh @ls
2lok- xzg dgk tkrk gST laLdGr ds 3d dfo us dgk gS "
vkf2R;kf2xzgkY los; ;:kk rqF;f1r 2kurY T
los;Loof0 u rqF;sr tk)krk 2Kk)ksa xzgY TT
v:kk;rD l#;; vkf2 lHkh xzg ftl 0zdkj 2ku ls l1rqF gksrs gSU
@lh 0zdkj 2k)k2 P0h 2lok- xzg lo;L; 0z2ku djus ds ck2 Hkh
l1rqF ugha gksrk T
6lh 0zdkj 3d v1; laLdGr dfo us fuR1k ]yksd fy[kk gS "
l2k o_Y l2k _#j l2k 0#tk)0sMkrs T
d1;kjkfKkfL:krks fuR;a tk)krk 2Kk)ksa xzgY
TT
v:kk;RkD 2k)k2 2lok- xzg gSU tks l2k o_ gSU l2k _#j gSU
l2k 0#tk $kgrk gS r:kk d1;k jkfKk )sa fL:kr gST 2k)k2 ds
lRCk1/k )sa ;g /kkj.kk 0qjkru dky ls $y jgh gST 6lh /kkj.kk
ds $yrs dkdk gk:kjlh dks W t) vkSj tok-6; W )sa dguk
0*<k "
c*<k Hk;adj tho gSU 6l tx )sa 2k)k2 U
lkl"llqj dks $#ldj U dj 2srk cjck2 T
217
dj 2srk cjck2 vk0 dqL f0;ks u [kkvksU
)sgur djks U d)kvksa U 6ldks 2srs tkvksTT
@0;q;Er @Hj.kksa ls ;g L0F gS fd 2k)k2 dh Lfo 3d _#j
xzg dh rjg gST vdcj" chjcy ds fdLlksa )sa 3d 2k)k2 dk
fdLLkk Hkh 0zflH gST 6l _#j xzg dh Lfo okys 2k)k2 dks
5k-lh 0j ydkus dk vk2sKk chjcy dks 2s f2;k x;kT chjcy
cqfH)ku rks :kk gh @lus vk2sKk ls vf/kd 512k yxkus dh
9;oL:kk dhT vdcj 9;oL:kk 2s[kus vk;s rks 3d vfrfjEr 512k
2s[kdj 0zKu fd;kU W;g fdlds fy;s gS .W chjcy us gk:k tks*<dj
fuos2u fd;k W gqt#j g) Hkh rks fdlh ds 2k)k2 gSU lcds lk:k
1;k; rks fd;k tk3xk W chjcy us lquk vkSj )qLdjk dj $y f2;kT
2k)k2ksa dks 5k-alh 2sus dh ;kstuk fujLr gks x;hT
dgkuh ;g L0F l12sKk 2srh gS fd gj 9;fEr dHkh u dHkh fdlh
u fdlh dk 2k)k2 voK; cuk gST vrY ;g ;f2 o_U _#j xzg gS rks
lHkh 0qPFk tkfr ds l2L; 6l v0jk/k ds v0jk/kh gST dks6; Hkh
0qPFk ox; dk ;qok tks fookfgr gSU 6l o_rk ls L# ugha 0k;k
gST
vc 0zKu ;g gS fd E;k 2k)k2 l$)q$ 2lok- xzg gST
okLrfodrk oSlh ugha gST 2k)k2 rks 3d lk)k1; ;qok gh gksrk
gST llqjky tc Hkh vkrk gS Ulk)k1; vfrf:k dh rjg gh vkrk gSU
fd1rq 0qjkus 2k)k2ksa us tks 0jR0jk3- cuk;h gS U@lds vuqlkj
llqjky 0Mk dk gj l2L; v0us ;gk- 0/kkjs 6l vfrf:k dk foKksFk o
Hk9; Lokxr"lRdkj" lR)ku djrk gSU rkfd 2k)k2 ds )u )sa
llqjky dh Hk9; 0zs)0#.k; Lfc cuh jgsT dks6; 2k)k2 3slh
)k-x ugha djrkT @'ks og ;qok tks llqjky vkrk gS U og 6l
tcju ds lRRkku ls 0jsKkku gks @Jrk gST dHkh"dHkh rks
vkxzg0#o;d f[kyksus"f0ykus )sa cs$kjk 2k)k2 ch)kj rd gks
tkrk gSU fd1rq @ldk Lqdkjk ugha f)yrkT yksdd:kkvksa
)sa 3sls 2k)k2ksa dh gkL;d:kk3- vHkh rd xzk)h.k Mks?
)sa lquh tk ldrh gST
0jR0jk ls tks fu;) fu/k;fjr gSU @lds $yrs 2k)k2 dk Lokxr
"lRdkj gksrk gST @ls Hksa U 0#tkU fc2k6; 2h tkrh gST ;s
lc Hkh fcuk 2k)k2 ds vkxzg ds fd;k tkrk gS U ysfdu 6lds
v12j Hkkouk ;g Hkh jgrh gS fd 0fjokj dh d1;k dks 6l 0zs) o
lRdkjoKk @lds llqjky )sa lRRkku o 0zl11krk f)ysxhT ;s lc
yksd"f2[kkok o 0jR0jk dk fuok;g )k? gksrk gST gk-U dfr0;
218
Lok:kh; 2k)k2 6u 0jR0jkvksa dk 2qP0;ksx djrs gq3
)u)kuh0#.k; 9;ogkj Hkh djrs gSU fd1rq 6lls @udh Lfc
llqjky 0Mk )sa fcx*<rh gS vkSj @udh 0Ruh dh utjksa ls Hkh
os fxjrs gST 6lls @1gs dks6; Hkh vfrfjEr ykHk ugha f)yrkU
E;ksfd llqjky 0Mk rks fcuk fdlh 2cko ds gh 2k)k2 dks v0uh
gSfl;r ls vf/kd 2s 2srk gST
0fjor;1k "
g)sa ;g ;k2 j[kuk $kfg3 fd llqjky dsoy 0qPFkksa ds fy;s Lox;
gksrk gST o/k# ds fy;s llqjky Lox; u gksdj @ldk +kj gks
tkrk gSU tgk- @ls v0us 2kf;Ro fuok;g djus 0*<rs gST vc
o/k# llqjky )sa Hkh l); ds lk:k 0fjor;1k vkus yxs gS vkSj
lkl"cg# dks csh dh rjg N;kj"2qykjU v0uR9k 2sus ds fy;s
rS;kjh djrh f2[krh gST vc 2k)k2ksa )sa Hkh Hkkjh 0fjor;1k
f2[kk6; 2sus yxh gST
vkt dk 2k)k2 vR;1r fou)z )sg)ku cudj vkrk gST 0qjkus
2k)k2ksa dh vd*< vkt ugha 0k;h tkrhT vkt 2k)k2 v0us
llqjky )sa csk cudj vkrk gST 0qjkus 2k)k2 v0us llqjky )sa
vkdj dks6; dk) ugha djrs :ks U os l)zk dh rjg cSJ ;k ys
ldrs :ksT vkt 2k)k2 llqjky ds gj dk) )sa gk:k cakrk gS T
dks6; l)L;k gks rks l)k/kku ds fy;s 0#.k; lg;ksx djrk gST og
llqjky )sa v0uh /kkd t)kus ds fy;s dks6; dk;; ugha djrkT ;g
vk/kqfud dky dk 0fjor;u gSUftl)sa L?h 0qPFk dh l)kurk ds Loj
fo\)ku gST
vkt tks 2k)k2ksa )sa 0fjor;u vk;k gSU og vkK$;;tud
gSU vc ;qokvksa ls fKkdk;r @uds )krk"f0rk dks gST os dgrs
gS fd @udk 0q? c2y x;k gSU @udh lq[k" lqfo/kk 0j /;ku ugh
2srkT 3slk g)sKkk ls gksrk jgk gST 0qjkus l); )sa Hkh
0q?ksa ds Hkh fookg ds ck2 0fjor;u gksrs jgs gSU fd1rq os
@'ysf[kr ugha fd;s tkrs :ksT vkt 0z$kj )k/;)ksa ds )k/;) ls
gj dks6; 6l Rk:; dks u dsoy 2s[krk gS UvuqHko djrk gSU
fd1rq 6ls Lohdkj Hkh djrk gST )qIs d6; txg ;g lquk6; f2;k
fd css )krk"f0rk 0j /;ku ugha 2srsU fd1rq csh"2k)k2 vkt
v0us llqjky dk /;ku j[k jgs gST csf;ksa v0us 0hgj dh lgk;rk dj
jgh gSU v0us )krk"f0rk dh lsok dj jgh gS vkSj @lds 0fr
v:kk;rD 2k)k2 @ldk 0#.k; P0 ls lg;ksx dj jgs gST
csh"2k)k2 ds 6l P0 dh d'0uk dHkh dh ugha x;h :khT
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6ruk gh ughaU ftu 0fjokjksa )sa dsoy csf;k-a gh gSU
os rks v0us )krk"f0rk 0j 1;kSLkoj gh gST ;s csh"2k)k2
v0us llqjky ds oGHksa ds fy;s W cqX<k0sa dh ykJh Wcu l2k
lg;ksxh dh Hk#f)dk )sa f2[kk6; 2s jgs gST ftu yksxks us
dy rd csh dks 0jk;k /ku dgk :kkU vkt os vkK$;;$fdr gST 6l
0fjor;u dh t*< )sa tgk- 3d vkSj L?h" fKkMkk gSU ogha
2#ljh vkSj L?h dk LokyRch P0 Hkh gST vkt L?h 2qfu;k ds gj
Mks? )sa 0qPFk ds d1/ks ls d1/kk fHk*<kdj dk;; dj jgh gS
vkSj vkf:k;d P0 ls Hkh Lora1? gST vrY fu.k;; ysus )sa
@udh vg) Hk#f)dk cu jgh gST
tgk- 0jR0jk ds f+kls"f0s rd; gSU ogk- 6lfy;s 0fjokjksa
)sa rukoU fook2 vkSj vKkkf1r gSU ysfdu vf/kdrj 0qPFk 0fjor;u
dh 6l gok ds lk:k c2y jgs gS vkSj 2k)k2 uk) dk 2lok- xzg
vc _#jrk Lks*< lkSR; P0 )sa f2[kk6; 2s jgk gST og o_ Hkh
ugha gST @ldh ljyrk dk Lokxr fd;k tkuk $kfg;s T
""""""""""""
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viuksa d' mis(kk er d'ft;s
g) g)kjs tks vR;f/kd fud gksrs gSU g)kjs f2u"0zfrf2u
lg;ksxh gksrs gSU g)kjs 0fjokj tSls gksrs gSU @udh lk)k1; P0
ls @0sMkk djrs gST @0sMkk djus dk v:k; gS g) @udh
lsokvksa vkSj dk;ks; dk ;:kksf$r lR)ku ugha djrsT ;g f$1ru
dk foFk; gS fd 3slk E;ksa gksrk gS .
cgqr xj)h 0*< jgh gST g) N;kl ls 9;kdqy gST fdlh us
vk2j0#o;d g)sa )qLdjkdj ]khry ty f0yk f2;k rks g)U @ls
vusd /k1;ok2 2saxsT @ldk ;2k"d2k 0zs)0#o;d L)j.k Hkh
djsaxsU 0j vk0dk lgks2j Hkk6;"cgu ;k v1; dks6; 9;fEr ftlds
lk:k fdruk gh lf2; 9;ogkj djsa rks g)kjs f2; )sa /k1;ok2 ds
Loj ugha 5#rsT g)kjh lks$ ;g gksrh gS fd ;g rks g)kjk
vf/kdkj gST g)kjs lRc1/kh ;k f)? dk dr;9; :kkU @lus dr;9;
fuok;g fd;kT 6l)sa /k1;ok2 dSlk . ;g )uYfL:kfr dHkh"dHkh
ruko dk dkj.k curh gST g)kjs lk:k tks Hkh )/kqj 9;ogkj
djsaU g)sa lg;ksx djsaT @lds 0zfr g)kjs /k1;ok2 ds Loj rks
5#us gh $kfg;sU fd1rq 3slk 0zrhr gksrk ugha gST
g)kjs v0us uxj )sa dks6; fdruk gh foOku gksU 0zflH gksU
lRRkku ;ksS; gksU @ldk g)kjs uxj )sa cgq/kk lRRkku ugha
gksrkU 6lfy;s fg12h )sa rks 3d yksdksfEr gh 0z$fyr gSU WW +
kj dk tksxh tksx*<kU vku xk-o dk flH WW 3slk E;ksa gksrk
gS U;g 3d fo$kj.kh; 0zKu gST
6lh rjg 3d vlhf);k HkkFkk )sa yksdksfEr 0z$fyr gS "
tr 2s[ks fur" fur $dq djs f0r" f0r
)kgs 0[ks tkfc U cj 0hjk [ku 0kfc T
221
v:kk;rD fuR;"fuR; f)ys rks us?ksa dks cqjk yxsU )kl
ck2 ;k 0Mk ck2 f)ys rks cSJus dh dqlh; f)ysT vc fo$kj.kh;
0zKu ;g gS fd g)ls jkst"jkst dkSu f)yrk gS . fdlds 0kl 6ruk l);
gS fd og vk0ls f)yus vk;s . L0F gS fd tks vk0dks v0uk f)? U
Hkk6;U 0zs)hU l)Irk gS fd ogh rks vk;sxk vk0ls f)yus fcu
cqyk;sU ysfdu g) @ls lR)ku ugha 2srsT g) dgrs gS UWW +kj
dh )qxh; 2ky cjkcj WW 0j okLro )sa 3slk gksrk ugha gST tks
)#';oku gSU xq.kxku gSU foOku gSU vk0 @ldh fdlh Hkh dkj.k
ls @0sMkk djrs gS rks vk0 gh +kkk @Jk;saxs @ldk dqL
ugha fcx*<sxkT ;g rks @ldh ljyrkU l[turk gSU tks og fcuk
vk)1?.k ds Hkh vk0ls f)yus vk x;kT v0us0u )sa fu)1?.k dh
vkoK;drk jgrh Hkh dgk- gS . )y;ky) HkkFkk )sa 3d
yksdksfEr 0z$fyr gSU ftldk v:k; gSU WW +kj ds vk-xu dh
$)syh )sa lqx1/k ugha WW $)syh dks 6lls dks6; v1rj ugha
0*<rk fd g) @ldh lqx1/k ysrs gS ;k ughaT 6lls L0F gS fd
@0sMkk 3d cqjh vk2r gST okLro )sa @0sMkk u rks v0uh djuk
$kfg;sU u fdlh 2#ljs dh T
yksx v0us fud ds )gku 9;fEr dk vk2j ugha djrsT tSls
l)h0L:k yksx 0fo? xaxk dh o12uk ugha djrsU fd1rq 6lls xaxk
dk E;k fcx*rk gS . 6lls g)kjh gh gkfu gksrh gST ;f2 g) v0us
fud ds 6l )gku 9;fEr dks ;:kksf$r lR)ku 2s rks og Hkh
g)sa tks dqL 2sxkU og vfoL)j.kh; gh gksxkT g)kjs Okjk
@ldks lRRkku u 2sus ls og Lksk ugha gksrk T
l#M) )sa r:; ;g gS fd vR;f/kd 0fj$; ls voZk @0trh gS vkSj
fdlh ds 0kl yxkrkj tkus ls fujk2j gksus yxrk gSU E;ksfd 0zR;sd
3slh oLRkq tks lgt lqyHk gksU v0uk )#'; [kks 2srh gSU ysfdu
g)sa ;g ;k2 j[kuk $kfg;s fd v0uRoU 0zs)U foKokl lgt gh 0zkNr
ugha gksrk vkSj 3d ckj ;f2 g)kjh @2klhurk ls ;f2 v0uR9k dk
Hkko l)kNr gks x;k rks @ls 0quY 0zkNRk djuk lRHko ugha
gksrkT vrY v0us f0z;U f)? lRc1/kh vkSj fud jgus okyksa dh
@0sMkk c*<h [krjkukd flH gksrh gST og vR;1Rk gkfudkjd
Hkh gksrh gST dHkh"dHkh g)kjs v0us @0sMkk ls vkgr gksU
]k?q cudj @Hkjrs gS vkSj 2qY[k ds dkj.k cu tkrs gST
vrY v0us tks fudL:k gSU @uds 0zfr @0sMkkk u cjrsaT
@1gs lRRkku 2sU @1gsa v0uRo 2sa T os 6ls 0zfrf2u ugha
222
$kgrsU @1gs rks 6ldk ladsr Hkj $kfg;sT os vk0ds cus
jgsaxsT
""""""""""""""
dRN;#j k6;f0ax
vxzoky dRN;#jl;
4/(&xka/kh uxj uxjU
ls1 tsfo;j Ld#y ds 0klU jryk)
223