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.., ..
- 2011
3
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.., ..
-
,
- 2011
1. .
7
1. .
2.
7
3.
10
4.
11
5.
15
6.
19
.
6.1
6.2 20
6.3
21
7.
23
7.1
7.2
31
7.3 33
7.4 -
36
7.5 (M-)
36
8. .
39
8.1
8.2
41
8.3.
46
4
9. .
9.1
10.
.
10. 1
10.2
11.
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4.
12.
13.
13.1 .
14.
14.1
14.2
15.
15.1
15.2. -
15.3.
15.4.
15.5.
15.6.
15.7.,
.
46
47
50
51
53
53
56
57
59
61
519.86
33
.., ..
. .: , 2011. 152.
,
-
, .
, ,
, .
, ,
.
: .. ...,
, .. ...,
65
65
66
69
72
73
75
76
, 2011
5
15.8. -
15.9.
15.10.
16.
.
16.1
16.2 .
16.3.
16.4.
16.5 .
16.6.
16.7.
2.
1.
2. .
2.1.
2.2.
3.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
78
80
80
80
82
85
86
88
89
90
92
92
96
98
99
101
105
1. .
1.
.
(, )
. , ,
,
.
L=x
a j x b j , i 1,......, m . ,
L
x, ,
bj.
.
.
programming,
, .
,
.
2.
:
L c 1 x 1 c 2 x 2 ... c m x m L 0 min
a i 1 x 1 a i 2 x 2 ... a im x m b i , i 1,..., k m
(1)
1,,n,
ci, aih, dih, sih, bi, uj, vl, L0, .
,
i qi
: qi xi qi
.
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, (1)
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xi, ci<0,
, ci>0.
xi ,
(1).
,
L. , (1)
,
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.
, n-m (
, )
. ,
.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6
.7.
3.8.
3.9.
4.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.3.1.
4.3.2.
4.4.
4.4.1.
5.
5.1.
5.2.
6.
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
111
112
114
119
120
122
123
128
132
132
135
139
142
143
146
146
147
149
150
11
,
.
,
.
.
,
(5)
,
:
= = = 0, = , , = . (6)
m (5)
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x m j u j ( d j 1 x1 d j 2 x 2 ... d jm x m ), j 1,..., q .
x m q l s l 1 x1 s l 2 x 2 ... s lm x m v l , l 1,..., p ..
(3)
4.
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ci L,
:
x1 ... x m 0 , x m 1 b1 ,..., x m k bk
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12
10
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= .
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3.
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:
L c1 x 1 c 2 x 2 ... c m x m L 0 min
m k n , x1 0 , x 2 0 ,...,
x n 0 , bi 0
,
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bi 0 .
(5)
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13
15
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L
.8.
L
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L
. :
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=
5.
, .
1.
:
L x1 x 2 x 3 10 min;
x 4 3 x1 x 2 2 x 3 1
x 5 2 x1 2 x 2 x 3 2 .
x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 0 .
: x1=2=3=0
4=1, 5=2 .
L=10. .
2, ,
L . 2,
1 3 . ,
4 5.
, 5
,
4 2
. , 2 1,
4=0. 2 4
.
2:
= 3 + 2 + 1.
L.
:
16
L 4 x 1 x 3 x 4 9 min;
x 2 3 x1 2 x 3 x 4 1
x 5 8 x1 3 x 3 2 x 4 4 .
x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 0 .
: x1=3=4=0.
: 2=1, 5=4. L=9.
L.
.
L. 3. ,
, 2 5
3. L
. ,
, L
.
2.
:
L 2 x1 x2 2 x3 20 min;
x4 x1 x2 2 x3 2
x5 3 x1 2 x2 x3 3.
x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 0.
: x1=2=3=0
4=2, 5=3 .
L=20. 2
5 , 2
L .
2 2
14
=
,
= +
+
+
. (7)
(7) ,
L
, > 0, > 0, < 0.
17
. 2
:
= 0,5(3 3 ).
L .
:
L ,
L .
:
L min 18 , 5 x 2 1, 5 , x 4 3 , 5 ; x 1 x 3 x 5 0 .
,
.
3.
:
L 2 x 1 8 x 2 3 x 3 30 min;
x 4 x 1 3 x 2 2 x 3 10
x 5 2 x1 4 x 2 x 3 12 .
x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 0
: x1=2=3=0
4=10, 5=12 .
19
28 x1 4 x 4 7 x5 26
min;
5
5
5
5
3x
2x
4x
4
x3 1 4 5
5
5
5
5
3x
2x
x
x 2 1 4 5 2,8.
5
5
5
L
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6.
6.1
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20
18
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L
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10
12
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3 . ,
3
4
4.
1- :
6.2
-1 (2),
. ,
bi
.
:
Q y 1 y e ... y n min
y i a i 1 x1 a i 2 x 2 ... a in x n bi , i 1,..., k n .
x1 0 , x 2 0 ,..., x n 0 , y 1 0 ,..., y n 0 ( 8 )
+ + + =
, yi i 1,..., n
. -
, + + + =
yi=0, Q=0. , Q 0 0
(2) ,
(8) yi=0.
, , ,
Q>0. -
(8), .
(2)
, (8) yi=0,
i=1,,n; Q=0.
x2
x5 x1 x3
3 .
4 2 4
L . :
L 6 x1 x 3 2 x 5 6 min;
x1 x 3 x 5
3
2
4
4
x
5x
3x
x4 1 3 5 1.
2
4
4
x2
2- : L
3 .
. 1,25. ,
3
4:
x3
.
5
5
5 5
21
, ,
yi=0
(2).
,
yi xi.
yi
, ,
bi=0.
23
-
6.3
yi
. yi,
, xi,
, . yi xi
. ,
, aij 0 Q,
i- xj, - yi.
L .
xi ..
a i 1 x 1 a i 2 x 2 ... a in x n 0 ,
,
Q.
( ),
, ,
yi xi i- yi
.
7.
7.1
4.
.
24
L x1 x 2 x3 5 x 4 2 x5 min;
2 x1 x 2 x3 2 x 4 3 x5 24
x1 2 x 2 2 x3 x 4 x5 18 .
x1 , x 2 , x3 , x 4 , x5 0
.
:
Q y 1 y 2 min;
y 1 2 x 1 x 2 x 3 2 x 4 3 x 5 24
y 2 x 1 2 x 2 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 18 .
x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 , y1 , y 2 0 .
, y1 y2,
Q:
= 3 3 4 + 42.
.
2. x1
. , y1 x1
Q.
:
x 1 0 ,5 ( 24 y 1 x 2 x 3 2 x 4 3 x 5 )
Q 1, 5 y 1 1, 5 x 2 2 , 5 x 3 2 x 4 0 , 5 x 5 6 .
x 1 0 , 5 y 1 0 , 5 x 2 0 , 5 x 3 x 4 1, 5 x 5 12
y 2 0 , 5 y 1 1, 5 x 2 2 , 5 x 3 2 x 4 0 , 5 x 5 6 .
Q
. .
22
yi - xk. ,
yi ,
,
yi
. .
,
.
(
)
( ,
),
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.
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25
x2
. 2 2:
Q.
:
Q y1 y2 min
L x1 x2 x3 5 x4 2 x5 min;
x1 ( 4 / 3) x3 (5 / 3) x4 (5 / 3) x5 10
x2 (5 / 3) x3 (4 / 3) x4 (1 / 3) x5 4.
1 2 L,
27
5.
L x1 x2 2 x3 min;
2 x1 3x2 x3 2 x4 x5 18
x1 x2 4 x3 x4 3x5 12.
x1, x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 0.
.
:
Q y1 y2 min;
y1 2x1 3x2 x3 2 x4 x5 18
y2 x1 x2 4 x3 x4 3x5 12.
x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 , y1 , y 2 0.
:
1 .
1 1:
Q y1 y2 min;
Q. :
. ,
28
26
Q 1=2=3=4=5=0 3. ,
Q ,
.
6.
. 3
. 5
1 L.
:
2 x1 x 2 x 3 x 4 11
3 x1 2 x 2 3 x 3 5 x 4 38
L 10 x1 x 4 min
x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 0 .
.
:
Q y 1 y 2 min;
y 1 2 x1 x 2 x 3 x 4 11
y 2 3 x1 2 x 2 3 x 3 5 x 4 38
x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , y 1 , y 2 0 .
1 2
Q:
x 5 (3 / 5 )10 x1 ( 4 / 3 ) x 3 (5 / 3) x 4 .
x5 (3 / 5) x1 (4 / 5) x3 x4 6
x2 (1 / 5) x1 (7 / 5) x3 (5 / 3) x4 6.
L 6 2 x1 2 x3 8x4 .
.
. : x3=(5/7)(-x2+x4+0,2x1-6).
L:
x3 (5 / 7) x2 (5 / 7) x4 (1.7) x1 (30.7)
,
:
L
. ,
: 3=30/7; 5=66/7;
1=2=4=0, L=-102/7.
29
31
1
. 5:
7.2
, .
, .
,
.
,
.
.
-
(1902-1950).
7.
:
x1 11/ 2 0,5 y1 x2 x3 x4
Q
. :
yi .
2
Q . :
Q y1 0 * x2 *x3 0 * x4 y2 min;
x4 (3 / 7) y1 (1/ 7) x2 (3 / 7) x3 (2 / 7) y2 43/ 7
x1 (2 / 7) y1 (3 / 7) x2 (2 / 7) x3 (1/ 7) y2 17/ 7.
Q
. Q
.
.
y1 y2
L. :
x1 x 2 x 3 10
2 x1 5 x 2 7 x 3 60
x1 , x 2 , x 3 0 .
.
y1 x1 x2 x3 10
y 2 2 x1 5 x2 7 x3 60
Q y1 y 2 3x1 6 x2 8x3 70 min
x1 , x2 , x3 , y1 , y 2 0.
32
.
.
. :
x1 y1 x2 x3 10
y 2 2 y1 3 x2 5 x3 40
Q 3 y1 3 x2 5 x3 40 min
x1 , x2 , x3 , y1 , y 2 0.
.
:
x1 x 2 x 3 10
y 2 3 x 2 5 x 3 40
Q 3 x 2 5 x 3 40 min
x1 , x 2 , x 3 , y 2 0 .
.
.
.
. :
30
L 10 x1 x4 min;
x4 (1/ 7) x2 (3 / 7) x3 43 / 7
x1 (3 / 7) x2 (2 / 7) x3 17 / 7.
L
x1 4 .
:
.
.
,
, :
.
6 : 1=3=0, x4=16/3, x2=17/3.
33
35
x1 ( 2 / 5) x 2 ( 4 / 5) y 2 2
x 3 ( 3 / 5 ) x 2 (1 / 5 ) y 2 8
Q y 2 min
x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,
y 2 0.
Q
.
.
,
:
x1 x3 x4 x5 10
x2 x3 2 x4 3x5 27
y x3 6 x4 3x5 5
Q y x3 6 x4 3x5 5 min
x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 , y 0.
. :
x3 y1 6 x 4 3x5 5
x1 (2 / 5) x 2 2
x 2 y1 8 x4 6 x5 22
x 3 (3 / 5 ) x 2 8
x1 y 7 x 4 4 x5 5
x1 ,
x2,
x3 0.
.
7.3.
,
.
.
8.
:
Qy
x1 , x 2 , x3 , x4 , x5 , y 0.
.
,
x3 6 x 4 3 x5 5
x 2 8 x 4 6 x 5 22
x1 7 x 4 4 x 5 5
x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 , y 0.
,
,
, .
36
7.4 -
,
, (7).
,
i.
,
Excel, .
7.5 (M-)
.
(2),
,
:
.
, (9) ,
yi=0 i.
, L1min>0.
9.
L x1 x2 x3 x4 min;
x1 2 x2 x3 x4 6
2 x1 x2 x3 x4 15
x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 0.
34
x1 x 3 x 4 x 5 10
2 x1 3 x 2 3 x 3 4 x 4 5 x 5 47
x1 3 x 2 5 x 3 x 4 7 x 5 69
x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 0 .
,
.
:
x1 x3 x4 x5 10
x2 x3 2 x4 3x5 27
3x2 4 x3 0 * x4 6 x5 59
x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 0.
x1 x3 x4 x5 10
x2 x3 2x4 3x5 27
x3 6x4 3x5 5
x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 0.
.
.
.
37
, :
y1 x1 2x2 x3 x4 6
39
L1 2 .
:
x1 ( 2 / 5 ) y1 (1 / 5 ) y 2 ( 4 / 5 ) x3 13 / 5
y2 2x1 x2 x3 x4 15
x 2 (1 / 5 ) y1 ( 2 / 5 ) x 2 ( 3 / 5 ) x3 6 / 5
L1 M 2 / 5 y1 0 , 2 ( 5 M 1) y 2 (1 / 5 ) x3 13 / 5 .
L1 x1 x2 x3 x4 M y1 y2
x1 x2 x3 x4 M6 x1 2x2 x3 x4
x1 x2 x3 x4 M15 2x1 x2 x3 x4
. ,
, 1 L1
. :
x1 y1 2x2 x3 x4 6
x4 (2 / 3) y1 (5 / 3) x2 (1/ 3) x3 (1/ 3) y2 1
, 3
L1 , 3
. ,
L.
15 4 3
6
, 2 3
5
5
5 5
.
1.
. , .
,
L1 aM+b
0.
8.
8.1
(7) ,
L
.
cl<0, akl>0, a bk ,
L , bk>0
, bk=0. ,
bi
40
. (7) ,
ji ,
, aji ,
,
:
.
,
,
.
,
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,
.
[1, 2, 3]. ,
, .
,
,
.
38
x2 y1 3 x1 2 x3 y2 21
x4 y1 5 x1 3 x3 2 x2 36
L1 M 2 y1 6 x3 ( M 3) y2 9 x1 57 min .
L x1 x 3 min;
2 x1 x 2 x 3 4
x1 2 x 2 2 x 3 5
x1 , x 2 , x 3 0 .
, :
y1 2 x1 x2 x3 4
y2 x1 2 x2 2 x3 5
x1 , x2 , x3 , y1 , y2 0.
L1 1 3M x1 Mx2 (3M 1) x3 9 M .
, , : 13<0
.
x 1 (1 / 2 ) y 1 (1 / 2 ) x 2 (1 / 2 ) x 3 2
y 2 (1 / 2 ) y 1 ( 5 / 2 ) x 2 ( 3 / 2 ) x 3 3
L 1 0 , 5 3 M 1 y 1 0 , 5 ( 5 M 1 ) x 2 0 , 5 ( 3 M 1 ) x 3 3 M 2 .
41
8.2
ci
. ,
. ,
. , ,
aki, xi
, ,
L. aki
, ,
.
,
. xi
aki . , aki
, -1.
L
, xi.
.
.
. ,
.
, xi
,
i-
xi.
, ,
43
L x 3 6 x 5 3 x 6 1 min;
x1 2 x 2 3 x 5 5 x 6 0
x2 x3 3 x5 4 x6 0
x4 x3 x5 3 x6 1
, 5 - ,
1 2. ,
:
F
x3
x
3 6 6 min;
x5
x5
y1
x1
x
x
2 3 5 6 3
x5
x5
x5
y2
x2
x
x
3 4 6 3.
x5
x5
x5
.
x
x
x
x
F M 3 M 6 (1 3M ) 3 (3 9 M ) 6 6 M 6 min;
x5
x5
x5
x5
y1
x
x
x1
2 3 5 6 3
x5
x5
x5
x 2 x3
x
4 6 3.
x 5 x5
x5
,
2.
y2
42
44
x
x 3M 1 x6
1 M x1
* (3 9M) 6 1,5M 15 min;
* M 2
2
2 x5
x5
x5
x5
x
x3
x
x
0,5* 1 0 * 2 0,5y1 2,5 6 1,5
x5
x5
x5
x5
y2 0,5*
x
x1 x2
0,5y1 1,5 6 1,5.
x5
x5 x5
,
1
:
2
x
x
F ( M 1) y 2 2 My 1 6 3 M 13 ,5 .
x5
x5
x3
x
x
y 2 2 0 * y1 4 6 3
x5
x5
x5
x1
x
x
2 y 2 2 2 y1 3 6 3 .
x5
x5
x5
,
4 :
x
x
x1
1,25 y 2 1,25 2 y1 0,75 3 0,75.
x5
x5
x5
L x4 5 x5 min;
x1 2 x2 x5 x6 2
x 2 x 4 2 x5 x6 1
x
x
F ( M 0,75) y 2 0,75 2 My1 0,25 3 3M 14,25.
x5
x5
x
x
x6
0,25 y 2 0,25 2 0 * y1 0,25 3 0,75
x5
x5
x5
, ,
xi L .
,
, ,
L. ,
, .
,
. ,
,
, , ,
.
11.
x3 x4 x5 3 x6 1
x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 , x6 0.
. ,
4
.
:
45
,
:
47
xi = zi qi,
:
m
a x
L x3 6 x5 3 x6 1 min;
j 1
6
, F, :
, ,
L:
L 3 x 2 x 3 3 x 4 4 min;
x 6 0 , 2 x 2 0 , 4 x 3 0 , 75 x 5 0 , 6
x1 0 ,8 x 2 0 , 6 x 3 0 , 75 x 4 0 , 6
x 5 0 , 6 x 2 0 , 2 x 3 0 ,8 x 4 0 ,8
:
ij
i 1,2 ,..., n ;
c x
j 1
0 xi di ;
bj ;
min ,
(11)
di = si qi L M c i q i .
j 1
(3)
.
10.
10. 1
(10)
.
m
x m i aij x j b j ;
j 1
0 xk dk ;
L c j x j min.
j 1
i 1,2 ,..., n ;
k = 1, 2, , n+m;
(12)
48
46
,
bi.
di,
, . ,
L xi
= di, , i = 0
,
.
.
:
8.3.
,
.
.
, ,
.
xi = 0, ci y j a ji 0 , xi = dij,
j 1
ci y j a ji 0.
j 1
(13)
, ,
,
.
, i < 0
,
.
:
0 xm+i = bi aij xj dm+i 0 xj dj. (14)
aij 0 xm+i
0,
(14).
(15)
xj ,
9.
9.1
, xi 0,
si xi pi, si pi
.
yi = pi xi zi = xi si.
,
.
.
:
m
a z
j 1
ij j
bj ;
qi z i si ;
i 1,2 ,...,n;
m
M c i z i min
j 1
(10)
49
51
aij < 0
x5
L, :
biaij xj dm+i,
x j min(bi d mi ) / aij .
i
(16)
(15) (16), :
(17)
j > 0,
, .
(14). aij 0
bi aij xj dm+i, . (18) aij 0
(5)
0 bi aij xj, , .
(19)
(18), (19) xj 0, , xj
. ..
:
= max( 0, (
> 0
< 0. (20)
, ,
xm+i xj. (20)
.
,
, ,
,
,
x 4 x1 2x 5 3x 3 11
x 2 x1 - x 5 2x 3 4
L 2 x1 - x 5 - 4x 3 4 min.
( 0 ,1,0 ,1,5 ). ,
*
. x3.
:
0 x4 = 11 3x3 47/3 x3 11/3
0 x2 = 4 + 2x3 3
2 x3 3,5
2 x3 3.
0 x3 3
0 x3 3
x3 = 3, .
: ( 0 ,2 ,3 ,1,5 ), L = 2x1 x5
* *
4x3 + 4 = 13 ,
21 0, x5 5; 4x3 4 * 3.
2. ,
,
, ,
.
11.
11.1
.
,
52
50
.
.
, ,
. ,
,
. ,
,
,
.
. ,
,
, ,
.
,
[2, 3] [9].
,
,
. ,
, .
,
:
0, di.
10.2
12.
:
x 4 x1 2x2 - x3 3
x5 - x1 - x 2 2x3 4
0 x1 2; 0 x 2 3; 0 x3 3; 0 x 4 4; 0 x5 5;
L x1 - x 2 - 2x3 min.
(0,0,0,3,4) .
x2,
x1 = x3 = 0. :
0 x4 = 3 2x2 4 0,5 x2 1,5
0 x5 = 4 + x2 5
4 x2 1
0 x2 1.
0 x2 3
0 x2 3
x2 = 1 x5
.
53
55
11.2
,
t,
:
3x1 + 2x2 + x3 + x4 = 10
x1 x2 + x3 + 2x4 = 2
Q = x1 x2 + x3 + x4 min, x1, x2, x3, x4, 0.
F :
y1 + 3x1 + 2x2 + x3 + x4 = 10
y2 + x1 x2 + x3 + 2x4 = 2
M = y1 + y2 = 12 4x1 x2 2x3 x4 min,
x1, x2, x3, x4, 0.
y1 0, y2 0.
:
a)
y1 3y2 + 5x2 2x3 5x4 = 4
x1 + y2 x2 + x3 + 2x4 = 2
M = 4 + 4y2 5x2 + 2x3 + 7x4 min,
x1, x2, x3, x4, 0. y1 0, y2 0.
b)
x2 0,6y2 + 0,2y1 0,4x3 x4 = 0,8
x1 + 0,4y2 + 0,2y1 + 0,6x3 + x4 = 2,8
M = y1 + y2 + 2x4 min,
x1, x2, x3, x4, 0.
y1 0, y2 0.
, :
x1 = 2,8, x2 = 0,8, x3 = x4 = 0.
:
x2 0,4x3 x4 = 0,8
x1 + 0,6x3 + x4 = 2,8
Q = x1 x2 + x3 + x4 = 2 + 2x3 + 3x4 min.
Q=2.
. :
x2 0,4x3 x4 = 0,8
x1 + 0,6x3 + x4 = 2,8
L = (t + 1) x1 + (1 t) x2 + (2 + t) x3 + tx4 =
a
j 1
ij
z j bj ;
j 1,..., m ;
L( t ) ( c j d j t )x j min,
j 1
j 0; m n.
t.
11.3
,
t
.
t = t0 .
t. ,
L, .e. (cj + djt) ,
t0
[t, t0].
(cj + djt) ,
> min .
.
t .
c -
:
56
= (t + 1) (2,8 0,6x3 x4) +
+(1 t) (0,8 + 0,4x3 + x4 ) +
+ (2 + t) x3 + tx4 = 3,6 + 3t + 1,8x3 tx4 min.
x1, x2, x3, x4, 0.
= = 0. : Lmin(t) = 3,6 + 3t.
t 0
. t 0
:
x2 0,4x3 + x1 = 3,6
x4 + 0,6x3 + x1 = 2,8
L = 3,6 + 3t + 1,8x3 tx4 = 3,6 + 3t + 1,8x3 t(2,8 0,6x3 x1)
= 3,6 + 0,2t + (1,8 + 0,6t)x3 + 7x1.
x1, x2, x3, x4, 0.
Lmin(t) = 3,6 + 0,2t,
x1 = x3 = 0, x2 = 3,6, x4 = 2,8.
: t 0, Lmin(t) = 3,6 + 3t, x1 = 2,8,
x2 = 0,8, x3 = x4 = 0.
t 0, Lmin(t) = 3,6 + 0,2t, x2 = 3,6,
x4 = 2,8, x1 = x3 = 0.
t = 0, Lmin(t) = 3,6
.
11.4.
, ,
,
.
, ,
. ,
54
n
a x
j 1
ij
bj ;
j 1,...,m;
L(t) d j x j min, x j 0; m n.
j 1
,
,
t
>
min ( c j / d j ) ,
j ,d j 0
- . ,
. ,
t.
13.
:
3x1 2x 2 x 3 x 4 10
x1 - x 2 x 3 2x 4 2
L (t 1) x1 (1 - t )x 2 (2 t )x 3 tx 3 min.
x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 0
, ,
t ,
:
57
59
,
.
,
,
,
.
13.
13.1 .
.
.
:
+ = ,
,
,
,
= . (23)
(23) n- -
,
- n- - ,
n
,
n, n m
, n.
, , ,
- .
,
, (23)
.
:
= ( ), = ( ). (24)
. i
, (24)
12.
,
.
:
n
a x
j 1
ij
bj ;
j 1 ,..., m ;
MM max j x j min, x j 0; m n
(21)
, , j,
j. ,
MM y i x j ;
a x b , x 0, y 0, MM min.
j 1
ij
(22)
(22) (21),
(, 0).
14. :
x1, x2, x3, x4, 0.
60
58
i-
.
.
x3 + x1 + x2 = 3
x4 + 2x1 + x2 = 2
MM = max (x1, x2, x3) min.
(22):
x3 + x1 + x2 = 3
x4 + 2x1 + x2 = 2
MM = x1 + y1 = x2 + y2 = x3 + y3 min.
,
:
x1 + y1 x2 y2 = 0; x1 + y1 x3 y3 = 0;
x3 + x1 x2 = 3
x4 + 2x1 + x2 = 2
MM = x1 + y1 min.
, x3
.
y1 + 2x1 + x2 y3 = 3;
y2 + x1 + 2x2 y3 = 3;
x3 + x1 + x2 = 3
x4 + 2x1 + x2 = 2
MM = x1 + y1 = x1 + (3 2x1 x2 + y3) =
x1 x2 + y3 +3 min.
,
:
x4 = y2 = y3 = 0; y1 = 1; x1 = 1/3; x2 = x3 = MM = 4/3.
13.2
( )
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
:
1
0
=
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
d
d
d
d
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
. (25)
0
1
,
. ,
:
61
P =
1 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
d /d
d /d
d /d
1/d
d /d
d /d
63
0
0
0
1
0 . (26)
0 0 1
1 0
d /d
, -
, + 1
, :
= . (27)
0
14.
14.1
:
. ,
+ =
. +
,
+ = > 0, > 0 ,
.
(23) .
(
).
= + =
.3. 15.
,
:
=2
6 + = 6
.
+ 2 = 4
5 + 6 = 30
18 8
26
, , = .
11
11 11
.
.
64
62
:
(6,0), = 6 + 0 = 6.
. .3
.
, .
, , + + =
.
+ +
( )
.
= + + .
,
.
, -
.
.
.
.
, ,
,
,
,
.
,
.
q
.
= + =
( q)
.
,
.
15.
= + ,
:
+ 2 4
+ 6 6
.
5 + 6 30
2
.3 :
+ 2 = 4, + 6 = 6,
5 + 6 = 30 = 2.
,
.
+=
N M
.
,
. N Q
,
, .
65
67
,
.
++ 4
0
+ 2 5
+2
4 + 2 1.
.
,
:
4
+ 2 5 .
2 + 0,5 0,5
:
+ 2 5 4
.
+ 2 5 2 + 0,5 0,5
, :
2x + 3y 9
3x + 1,5y 4,5
.
x0
x+y2
y
:
2
3
3
3 2 .
2
0
:
2
2 3
3 .
2 3 2
0
14.2
( ),
.
,
,
, ,
.
.
15.
15.1
.
.
68
:
3
1 0 1.
0
.
,
:
01
2
, 3 2
2 3
.
3
+ 2 5 (4 , 2 + 0,5 0,5)
. ,
-.
,
-
, ,
66
15.2. -
:
, = 1, , . (28)
,
.
:
1)
.
:
( , , ) > 0 , (29)
x B (x , , x ) a < 0, (30)
a x b a = 0. (31)
2)
(29) (30) (!)
k l
:
( , , ) B (x , , x ). (32)
3)
(32)
(31).
, , 1 .
,
.
.
1 ,
,
.
16.
:
69
71
.
. -
.
(40) ,
.
(39) (40) 1 ,
> 0
:
15.3
.
.
0 (33)
0,
= 1, , , (34)
, :
= , 0. (35)
.
n=1 ( ). > 0,
0 0.
(34)
0. ,
=
, = / .
< 0
= .
0. .
.
,
=
.
, .
< 0. = 0
.
3.
,
.
, ,
A=B
.
72
70
15.4
.
, = 1, , ,
,
.
,
:
>0
- :
>0
1. .
-
.
:
0 . (36)
, , , (36)
. > 0, -
. (37)
< 0
. (38)
> 0
, (39)
< 0
. (40)
, (36)
(37), (38) (39)
73
75
. , ,
,
.
=
1,
>0
, :
+ .
0 0 = 1, , .
, :
= , = + .
, .
15.5.
1.
, 0,
= 1, , .
= . (41)
, 0,
= 1, , .
15.6
.
,
.
,
.
.
(42)
. :
= . (46)
(41) ,
, :
= . (47)
(46) (47), ,
.
.
, .
, .
76
74
.
,
.
,
= , = . (48)
= .
=
, .
, ,
= . . (49)
(49)
.
15.7.,
.
:
= , = 1, , ; = . (50)
+ = ; = 1, , ; = . (51)
= . (42)
,
.
.
:
= , 0, 0, = 1, , ,
= 1, , .
= . (43)
+ = , 0, 0,
= 1, , , = 1, , .
= . (44)
,
:
0,
, = 1, ,
= . (45)
77
79
,
.
.
, = 1`, ,
{ }, = 1, ,
.
(50) .
:
15.9.
.
,
. ,
( )
.
,
.
,
.
.
= =
= . (52)
(51)
. :
= =
= + . (53)
15.10.
:
,
(52) (53) :
,
( ).
,
80
,
.
16.
16.1
.
n .
m .
- nm.
- .
.
,
:
1
Bi/Cj
C1
C2
Cm
.
B1
a11
a12
a1n
.
B2
a21
a22
a2n
.
.
.
.
.
.
Bm
am1
am2
amn
.
, .
. ,
, ,
78
+ = . (54)
.
, ,
,
.
,
, ,
.
(54) .
(53) .
, .
.
, = 0 = 0
.
15.8.
,
,
,
,
. ,
,
.
81
83
:
,
,
.
,
. ,
. - ,
, ,
, ,
.
.
:
2
(1,1)
(1,2)
(2,1)
(2,2)
(1,1)
0
2
3
0
(1,2)
2
0
0
3
(2,1)
3
0
0
4
(2,2)
0
3
4
0
(1,2) , 1
, 2 .
. 1
4, 2, 3, 4 5,
8, , 5 5. ,
C1, 4
.
min max = ,
.
, ,
,
:
min max max min .
akl = PD,
:
asq
PU.
4
.
.
Cl
Cq
.
.
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
P
D = ak l ..
..
kq
.. .. .. ..
P
U = as
.. ..
..
..
sl
.
Bi/Cj
C1
.
B
a
..
1
11
.. .. ..
B
.. ..
k
.. .. ..
B
s
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
84
82
PD, -
, PD akq. PU . , PU akq.
, , PU PD.
.
, , ,
.
,
.
,
Bk,
Cq,
PU, PD,
akq.
,
.
,
.
, . PU == PD,
,
,
.
. ,
, PD = PU =
.
, ,
,
.
5 .
2,
- 3.
.
16.2 .
,
:
3
Bi/Cj
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
min
B1
3
5
2
4
2
2
B2
2
7
6
3
1
1
B3
B4
max
, B1, 2, 3, 4,
1 8
C1, 2, 3, 4 5.
B1 2 (
3, 5). :
B2, 3 4 , ,
1, 3 2. ,
3,
3.
max min = ,
.
, ,
,
85
Bi/Cj
B1
B2
B3
max
C1
C2
4
5
3
5
7
8
C3
3
87
C4
6
3
4
6
5
5
5
C5
min
2
2
9
3
5
= = .
.
:
, ,
.
:
, ,
- ,
. :
= =
16.3
,
,
,
. ,
,
, .
,
q pi, a
pi=1. (56) (57) ,
:
= . ()
(56). :
= .
,
,
= = . ()
, L M ,
.
n :
. ()
88
= ,
, , ,
. L m
= ()
86
16.5 .
.
,
. (60)
. ,
1 1. (62)
pj = 1, 1 j n
1, xm = 0. (62) ,
i ani
.
, ,
,
,
, .
16.4.
, ,
,
. ,
,
L = ,
.
= ,
, ,
:
= ( + + ) = + + =
(56)
(57)
= ,
p
89
, ,
, .
16.6
:
6
Bi/Cj
C1(q1)
C1(q2)
C3(q3)
B1(p1)
2
3
1
B2(p2)
4
1
5
:
1) 2p1 + 42 L; 3p1 + 2 L; p1 + 52 L; p1 + 2 =
1; L max
2) 2q1 + 3q2 + q3 M; 4q1 + q2 + 5q3 M; q1 + q2 + q3
= 1; M min
x1, x2, x3,
y1, y2 :
x1 2p1 42 + L = 0
x2 3p1 2 + L = 0
x3 p1 52 + L = 0
y1 2q1 + q2 + q3 = 0
y2 + 4q1 + q2 + 5q3 = 0
p2 = 1 p1 q3 = 1 q1 q2
2 q3:
x1 + 2p1 + L = 4
x2 2p1 + L = 1
3 + 4p1 + L = 5
y1 + q1 + 2q2 M = l
y2 q1 4q2 M = 5.
91
:
C = p q a = 0.
, = , :
C = p q a = 0.
.
1. x 0, 0, = bx m
2. Ay b, 0, L = c min.
:
- , , , u - n, v - m- -, t
:
Av + bt 0; Au ct 0; bu + cv 0.
t 0, u = tx v = ty,
Ay b, A c c bx
b , ,
,
bx c bx = c. ,
. , x
92
90
y -
, t, u v
:
1
,
= ,
= . (63)
=
+ + 1
L,
, ,
,
.
x1 x2 + 4pl = 3
x3 x2 + 6pl = 4
L = x2 2p1 1 min;
,
- .
y1 y2 + 2q1 + 6q2 = 4
M = y2 q1 4q2 = 5 min.
:
x1 (1/3)x2 (2/3)x3 = 7/3 q2 (1/6)y2 + (1/3)q1 +
(1/6)y1 = 2/3
p1 (1/6)x2 + (1/6)x3 = 2/3 M = (1/3)y2 + (2/3)y1 +
(1/3)q1 + 7/3 min
L = (2/3)x2 + (1/3 )x1 7/3 min;
L = M = 7/3.
p2 = 1/3; p1 = 2/3.
q1 = 0; q2 = 2/3; q3
= 1/3.
2.
1.
: m
()
a1, a2, ..., am.
, ().
,
b1, b2, ..., bn .
.
(
). ,
i- j- ,
i-
j- - ji.
- ai,
- bi.
,
.
. ,
16.7
,
.
,
.
.
,
:
= . ,
93
95
.
nm xij,
i- j- .
,
.
1.
.
1.
1
2
3
4
/
5
7
2
4
1
11
12
13
14
80
4
1
6
2
2
21
22
32
33
90
3
31 6 32 2 33 2 34 5
30
50
70
20
60
200
4
11, 12, 13 14
.
80 .
11 + 12 + 13 + 14 = 80.
,
. 1. ,
:
11 + 12 + 13 = 50 .
1,
2, 3 4.
, 7
12 :
11 + 12 + 13 + 14 = 80
21 + 22 + 23 + 24 = 90
.
1 :
F = c11x11 + c12x12 + c13x13 + c14x14 + c21x21 + c22x22 +
c23x23 + c24x24 +c31x31 + c32x32 + c31x31 + +c44x44 = 5x11 + 7x12 +
2x13 + 4x14 + 4x21 + x22 + 6x23 + 2x24 + 3x31 + 5x32 + 2x31 +
5x41.
nm
xij 0.
xij, F.
.
F
.
. 4.
,
,
, .
,
,
.
,
, ,
.
96
2.
2.1.
.
.
,
- .
xij
. 1 .
(-) a1
b1. a1 > b1,
,
.
b1 a1 (
b1), a1 > b1,
.
,
a1 b1 . a1
.
, , ,
,
. .
n + m - 2-
,
,
i-
j- a1
b1. ,
, .
1
:
94
22 + 23 + 33 + 34 = 30
11 + 21 + 31 = 50
12 + 22 + 32 = 70
13 + 23 + 33 = 20
14 + 24 + 34 = 60
(1)
m n
n+m
nm xij.
. m
n ,
xij,
,
( ). ,
. ,
.
( ,
) , mn m - n + 1.
, xij i > 1 ,
, xij j > 1
.
x11 ,
, x1i,
, xj1.
,
nm - n - m + 1. nm - n m + 1, n + m - 1. F = cijxij
97
99
1.
4
4
80
2
30
90
20 5
30
1
2
3
/
2
1
50 5 30 7
4
1
2
40
20 6
6
2
2
3
50
70
20
60
200
:
F = 50 * 5 + 30 * 7 + 40 * 1 + 20 * 6 +30*2 ++30 * 5 = 830.
,
- a1 = b1 ,
, .
(-)
. a1 = b1
,
, ,
.
.
2.
.
2.
/
1
1
50
2
1
0
50, (0)
70
20
70, (0)
7
2
60, (0)
(50), 0
90, (20),
(0)
40, (0)
180
F = 40 * 5 + 40 *4 + 70 *1 + 20 *2 + 10 *3 + 20 * 2 = 540,
, .
,
, . 2..
. 2. .
F = 50 * 1 + 50 * 3 + 40 * 5 + 30 * 4 + 10 * 2 = 540,
,
.
.
,
.
2.
2
3
1
/
10
2
1
1
50
50, 0
4
5
7
2
50
40
90, (40), (0)
8
4
5
3
30
10
40, (30), (0)
50, (0),
70, (40), 60, (10),
180
(0)
(0)
(0)
3.
3.1
.
1.
1,
1..
1..
(3,3)
(1,3), (1,1)
100
(3,1),
.
, ,
. ,
, .
2.
2
3
4
1
/
5
7
2
4
1
40
40
80
4
6
2
70 1
20 2
90
3
5
2
5
3
10
20
30
50
70
20
60
200
F
, .
,
F
c13 c11 + c31 c33 = 2 5 + 3 2 = -2,
F. ,
,
- 20.
,
() ,
( (3, 3))
.
, F = 500.
2.
1
2
3
4
/
7
1
30 5
20 2 40 4
80
4
1
6
2
2
70
20
90
5
5
3
30 3
20 2
30
98
.
,
.
:
F = 50 * 10 + 70 * 5 + 20 * 7 + 40 * 2 = 1070.
2.2
,
cij . ,
,
cij .
.
.
- , , cij
.
.
1.
2
2
3
4
1
/
80, (40),
7
2
1
40 5
40 4
0
90, (20),
4
2
70 1 20 7 20 2
(0)
30, (10),
5
5
3
10 3
20 2
(0)
50,
70, (0) 20, (0) 60, (40)
200
(40)
:
101
50
70
20
60
200
.
3.2
1.
K1, K2, , Kn,
,
,
.
.
,
.
.
.1.
. 1..
103
L - ,
. M - ,
.
, -
L M.
.
: L
M. .
.
mn
n+m .
,
n+m .
.
,
, .
.
,
n m
- . . ,
.
A1
A2. A2
. .
( ),
.
.
2.
, +1
-1,
.
104
102
.2 .
. 1..
. 2.
, .
,
.
+1, -1.
.
(
)
.
,
, .
()
(). , ()
.
. 1..
,
,
.
. .
105
3.3
.
3.
r ,
, r, -1,
, 1 ,
.
.
.
(
)
,
() .
.
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
5.
4.
.
.
4. n+m
( 2) ,
107
. 3. ,
.
.
,
(
).
i i+1, j
j+1 ( ). ,
. i <
j.
i+1
j-1.
,
2.
108
. ,
,
+1,
, -1, ,
0, .
yij.
,
, xpq
.
. ,
i j zij.
zij = yij + a * 1, a .
xpq.
. 4
, zpq = 1,
.
i j , , zij.
, ,
, xij=yij + a * 1 = yij,
a = 0.
xij = yij + a * 1 = yij + 1.
a = 1. ,
, a = -1.
106
,
. , .
.
.
.
.
O -
, , D1, , Dk, O - O, S1,
, Sl, O - . D1,
D2, , Dk, S1, S2, , Sl, Sl Dk
( ), S1, S2, , Sl, D1, D2, , Dk, Sl
D1 ( . .
3). , , D1, Dk, S1
Sl .
( ,
{ S1, , Sl} { D1, D2, ,
Dk}, ,
, .
.
.
:
D1, D2, D3, S5, S4, S3, S2, S1.
109
1- :
-
.
2- :
.
,
.
3- :
,
2.
,
,
.
4- :
.
5- :
. 2.
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
111
/
1
2
3
1
10
50
50, (0),
(0)
3
8
30
40
4
2
5
4
70, (40),
(0)
20
1
7
2
40
60, (10),
(0)
2.
(50), 0
90, (40), (0)
40, (30), (0)
180
3.4
.
, ,
,
,
. + ,
,
,
. cij
,
.
.
112
3.5
, ,
.
nm
.
,
.
, .
5.
n+m-1 . i
ui,
j vj, ,
:
ui + vj = cij
(2)
cij i- j- .
, n+m-1 (1) n+m
ui vj .
1. (1) n+m-1.
, (1) ,
(1). ui + vj = cij
xij .
(1) ,
(2)
. (1) n+m ,
110
-
i = 1
i- .
?
i=i+1
1.
.
.
2. (1, 2) (
(1, 2), (1, 3) , (3, 3), (3, 2))
: 2 - 1 + 2 - 4 = -1. 10.
2.,
.
.
113
(2) n+m . , ,
(2)
(1) ,
(2) .
(1) n+m-1, (2)
.
,
(2)
.
- ui
vj. ,
ui
vj, .
,
.
, ,
.
.
ui vj,
.
,
.
2.
cij ui - vj,
cij - , ui vj - .
i - j-
.
,
:
115
.. ,
.
, ,
.
.
-
3.
.
116
/
1
2
3
.
/
2
3
20
20
50
3
6
60,
(0)
10
7
60
20,
(0)
50
30
50,
(0)
3.
5
8
80
2
100
7
90
40
60
100
60
114
100,
(40)
270
3.
5
8
80,
(60),
(0)
2
100,
40
(50),
(10)
7
90,
(30),
(0)
40,
270
(0)
:
F=20*2+60*3+50*1+10*5+40*2+60*3+30*6= 760.
,
(2) ,
.
= + . (3)
,
. , d
:
= ( + ) + ( + ) + + =
=
. (4)
(4)
.
d > 0,
, .
,
(4),
,
.
3.6
:
1- . ,
.
2- . ,
.
3- . ,
. ,
4- .
4- . ,
, ,
, -
117
u1 + v1 = 2 - (1, 1);
u1 + v4 = 3 - (1, 4);
u2 + v3 = 1 - (2, 3);
u2 + v5 = 2 - (2, 5);
u3 + v2 = 3 - (3, 2);
u2 + v4 = 5 - (3, 4);
u3 + v4 = 6 - (2, 4).
v5 = 0, u2 =
2, . v4 =
3 v3 = -1. v4
u3 = 3 u1 = 0.
v1 = 2,
v2 = 0. .
,
. (4) ,
(1, 2)
d=6-2-0>0,
(1, 3) d=2-(-1)-0>0, (1, 5)
d=8-0-0>0,
(2, 1) :
d=3-2-2<0.
, ,
.
,
: (2, 1) , (2, 3) , (1,3) (1, 1).
10.
3..
.
119
d=4-(2 +(-1))>0,
(2, 4) d=5-(2+2)>0, (3, 1)
d=6-(1+4)>0,
(3, 3)
d=7-(-1+4)>0
(4, 5)
d=7-(4+0)>0.
. ,
.
3.
/
u1=0
v1=1
10
v2=-1
u2=2
10
v4=2
70
60
v5=0
50
6
u3=4
v3=1
40
7
30
80,
(60),
(0)
100,
(50),
(10)
90,
(30),
(0)
20,
60,
50,
100,
40,
270
(0)
(0)
(0)
(40)
(0)
F = 10*2 +70*3 +10*3+50*1 + 40*2 + 60*3 ++30*6 = 680.
3.7.
ai
bj . ,
,
( -
120
).
,
,
, . ,
,
.
3.8.
,
.
.
3.
,
.
, ( )
, ,
, .
1. ,
.
,
. ,
,
.
, -
. ,
,
,
118
3.
/
u1=0
v1=2
20
v2=0
u2=2
u3=3
60,
(0)
v5=0
10
7
60
20,
(0)
v4=3
60
50
6
v3=1
40
6
30
50,
(0)
100,
(40)
40,
(0)
80,
(60),
(0)
100,
(50),
(10)
90,
(30),
(0)
270
:
u1 + v1 = 2 - (1, 1);
u1 + v4 = 3 - (1, 4);
u2 + v3 = 1 - (2, 3);
u2 + v5 = 2 - (2, 5);
u3 + v2 = 3 - (3, 2);
u2 + v4 = 5 - (3, 4);
u3 + v4 = 6 - (2, 4).
v5 = 0
. : u1=1; u2=2; u3=4; v1=1; v2=-1; v3=-1;
v4=2; v5=0.
d (4)
3.. (1, 2) d=6-(1+1)>0, (1, 3)
d=2-(-1+1)>0,
(1, 5)
d=8-(-1+0)>0,
(2, 2)
121
,
. , .
(i, j) (k, l).
, (i, l)
. ,
. (, )
(, ) (i, j), (i, m), (l, p) ,
(k, j).
3.
6.
,
.
4.
,
.
,
.
.
, 1,
. ,
1
. ,
,
.
. (
).
.
123
4.
4.1.
,
.
, ,
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
, ,
.
, .
,
.
,
.
4, 4.A.
210, 240
.
124
122
4.
2
3
1
/
2
7
5
1
120
6
3
1
2
90
100
80
60
,
, (
25).
4..
4.
/
1
2
3
100
25
25
25
80
60
120
90
30
240
4..
, ,
.
100
20
, 30
60
.
30
.
,
.
3.9
,
, ai
< 1/
bm . , , n
ai, - bk.
, 4,
. ,
,
, .
, ,
, ai bi
.
,
,
. ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
125
127
4.
/
1
2
3
1
100
2
6
25
100
7
20
3
30
30 25
80, (50)
60
60
1
25
120, (20)
90, (30)
30
240
,
, ()
(
).
.
,
,
. ,
,
.
( ,
). , ,
.
-
.
,
.
,
. ,
,
5.
/
1
2
3
1
50
100
2
6
70
25
150,
(100)
25
70
100
80
25
180
120, (50)
200, (100)
80
400
5.*
/
1
2
3
1
120
30
25
70
25
100
80
25
120, (50)
200, (100)
80
150,
70
180
400
(100)
5., ,
(1, 3) (1, 3), (2, 3), (2, 2), (1, 2),
, .
, .
(3, 1) (3, 1), (2,
1), (2, 3), (3, 3). 50, 5..
(1, 3) (2, 1)
. (3, 2)
,
, 2
.
,
5.
2.
128
126
5.
/
1
2
3
1
120
30 25
150,
(100)
70
70
25
130
50
180
25
120, (50)
200, (100)
80
400
4.2.
,
. ,
,
,
,
.
. ,
.
,
. ,
,
. ,
,
,
. , ,
, ,
..,
,
.. -
( )
,
.
.
,
.
5..
,
.
5.
()2
3
1
/
2
7
5
1
120
6
3
1
2
200
150
70
180
5., .
(1, 2)
2, .
(2, 2).
: (2, 2), (2, 1), (1, 1), (1, 2).
50 5..
129
131
,
, ,
( ).
6, 6..
.
6.
/
150
50
180
100
200
80
380
,
,
.
150, 50, 180, 100, 200
80 10.
49. 50.
6. 380*50/10=1900
6..
.
.
, . ,
1,
0,
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
. ,
.
,
. (
)
,
, .
.
.
,
.
132
4.3
4.3.1
,
, ,
,
, .
,
, ,
, .
4.3.2
, ,
,
. , ,
,
. ,
.
7. ,
A B.
1 30 A 50
B, 2 20
A 75 B.
20 A
55 B,
A 40
B. ,
60 .
130
6.
2
1
/
1
100
3
7
4
6
100
200, (40),
3
4
1
1900
2
20
(20)
1900
2
5
9
3
30
80, (30)
150, (50)
50
160
20
380
,
(2, 2).
6..
6.
1
/
1
100
2
2
3
7
4
6
100
200, (40),
3
2
50
30 4 160 1 20 1900
(20)
1900
2
5
9
3
20
80, (30)
150, (50)
50
160
20
380
(1, 4).
6., , ,
.
6.
1
/
1
80
2
3
70
2
2
3
7
30
1900
20
4
6
160
20
1900
100
200, (40),
(20)
80, (30)
150,
50
160
20
380
(50)
[A1].
133
135
7.
2
7
60
20
55
40
30
50
20
75
175
1 1
1B, 2 2A 2B,
A B. 2 ,
A B.
7.A
,
, .
,
4.2.
7.
.
, (4, 4)
40 ,
(4, 2), (3, 2), (3, 4).
4.4.
(,
,
)
.
.
,
,
d. ,
:
n
xij ai , i 1,..., m;
j 1
m
a b ,0 x
j 1
j 1
ij
m
x
j 1
ij
bi , i 1,..., n;
d ij , i 1,...,.m; j 1,..., n;
n
(5)
j 1 j 1
.
,
,
,
.
136
134
.
:
,
xij=0 c jj ui v j 0 ,
0<xij<dij
cij ui v j 0 ,
xij=dij
cij ui v j 0.
(6)
(
),
:
, c
xij=0, xij=dij;
;
, ,
, xij=0, xij
, xij xij
. ,
.
,
, .
.
,
8.
7
/
2
7
60
20
55
40
30
50
20
75
175
7..
7.
/
1
2
1
10
20
20
50
30
50
40
20
60
20
30
75
7
5
55
40
170
137
139
8.
1
2
3
1
8
11
24
22
30
15
20
23
3
6
8
8
4
20
12
13
4
1
10
11
13
24
5
15
8
1
5
34
15
33
15
75
,
cij - .
.
, ,
dij.
,
. .
8. . ,
, (3, 3),
13. , (2,
4) 15 , 15.
.
(2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 2), (3, 1) 8.
8..
22
23
16
1
2
13
20
13
15
24
33
15
75
4.4.1.
,
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
-,
.
:
8
15
10
13
16
20
8
5
12
20
20
12
13
15
12
13
24
9.
8
10
23
15
34
15
33
15
75
140
138
9.
. , ,
(2, 4),
, , (3, 2), (3, 1),
(2, 1), (2, 3) (1, 3). , - (2,
3)
. 4.
,
(0, 3) (2, 0) , , 4.
:
11
24
22
13
16
23
20
20
4
10
12
10.
1
12
13
24
15
8
15
34
8.
/
1
8
11
7
2
3
24
22
15
20
23
1 6
12
20
10
12
13
1
0
11
13
75
(3, 3),
(2, 3).
4. 9..
15
15
34
15
24
33
15
75
. , (3, 3)
: (3, 3), (3, 1), (2, 1), (2, 3).
9 - 5 + 7 - 10 = 2 > 0. ,
(3, 3) 1.
(2, 3). 1,
:
33
15
15
/
1
2
2
8
11
24
15
20
8.
3
6
8
8
10
12
11
5
15
8
1
5
34
141
11
24
22
9
16
15
20
23
20
143
4
10
12
13
20
9.
1
2
8
4
15
8
15
34
15
24
33
15
24
22
7
9
15
20
23
16
20
10
12
13
20
12
4
12
10
5
15
15
24
3
5
15
15
8
34
33
75
. .
(1, 2)
:
9.
8
11
24
15
20
12
10
12
12
10
5
15
15
5.2.
, i-
j- , xij=1, xij=1.
, :
n
75
, (2, 3) 4,
.
9..
9.
11
.
, ,
.
8
34
ij
j 1
(7)
,
. ,
x
i 1
ij
(8)
xij,
F
.
:
n
(9)
i 1 j 1
, xij .
F
.
, xij
, , . ,
. , ,
144
142
.
xij ,
(7) , , ,
, xij=0, xij=1. ,
.
3x3.
/
.
10.
:
,
( ); ,
, (2, 1) .
.
10..
, :
F = 1*1 + 1*5 + 1*6 = 12.
10.
/
9
3
1
1
0
.
8
5
2
0
1
6
7
2
1
22
9
16
23
12
20
13
12
24
15
15
33
75
.
5.
5.1.
n
n .
i- j-
- cij.
,
.
:
, ,
,
( ).
. n
n .
(
,
,
).
,
.
,
.
,
145
- .
(2, 3)
:
10.
/
9
3
1
1
0
.
8
5
2
0
1
6
7
2
1
,
:
F = 1*3 + 1*2 + 1*6 = 11.
,
: , . ,
.
.
[.1].
6.
6.1.
,
, . ,
, ,
.
:
, t ij,
tij i- j- .
147
6.3.
:
16.
4
6
7
2
80
1
9
5
8
25
3
11
12
10
35
40
50
30
20
140
:
16.
4
6
7
2
40
40
80
1
9
5
8
10
15
25
3
11
12
10
15
20
35
40
50
30
20
140
(2, 1).
16.
4
6
7
2
30
50
80
1
9
5
8
10
15
25
3
11
12
10
15
20
35
40
50
30
20
140
(1, 4).
16.
4
6
7
2
15
50
15
80
1
9
5
8
25
25
3
11
12
10
30
5
35
40
50
30
20
140
(16--16-):
148
10
25
4
1
5
40
30
40
5
35
40
11
50
4
1
25 5
6
9
50
30
5
20
7
25
20
12
30
6
20
12
11
50
1
20
20
12
11
50
30
30
50
50
4
10
50
146
10
20
7
5
20
20
11
12
35 3
40
50
30
20
,
.
16.
2
80
8
25
10
35
140
16.
2
80
8
25
10
35
140
16.
2
80
8
25
10
35
140
16.
2
80
8
25
10
35
140
16-
,
t ij.
6.2.
,
:
1.
.
2.
,
,
.
3.
.
4.
,
,
.
,
.
tij. n
2n-1, ,
,
, ,
t ij .
149
151
6.4.
,
, . ,
.
.
:
17
17
1 5
7
8
7
4
17
1 7
0 5
1
1
17
7
1 5
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
5
1
0
17.
1
, 8,
7 5,
.
, ,
5.
. ,
1963.
2. .
. , 1958, 2:1.
152
. 2011., . 192
,
.
. . .
60 84/16 - 100 .
150
A. ,
1. . .
. . . 1966. 600 .
-.
, 1969.
,
.
.
1. .., ..
. .
. 1965. 275 .
.
,
.
2.
..
. . . 1990.
189 .
. 2 3
.
3. .., ..
. . . 1969.
381.
4.
..
. .
. 1967, 206.
5. ..
. .: , 1971.
6. ., . . . .
1966, 276.
.
1. .
. .