Gothic art began to be produced in France about 1140 spreading to the rest of

Europe during the following century. The Gothic Age ended with the advent of the
Renaissance in Italy about the beginning of the 15th century although Gothic art
and architecture continued in the rest of Europe through most of the 15th century,
and in some regions of northern Europe into the 16th century. Originally the word
Gothic was used by Italian Renaissance writers as a derogatory term for all art and
architecture of the Middle Ages, which they regarded as comparable to the works
of barbarian Goths
Renaissance Art
The Renaissance patrons wanted art that
showed joy in human beauty and lifes
pleasures. Renaissance art is more lifelike than
in the art of the Middle Ages. Renaissance
artists studied perspective, or the differences in
the way things look when they are close to
something or far away. The artists painted in a
way that showed these differences. As a result,
their paintings seem to have depth.
An artist from Florence named Giotto was one
of the first to paint in this new style. Giotto lived
more than a century before the beginning of the
Renaissance, but his paintings show real
emotion. The bodies look solid, and the
background of his paintings shows perspective.
The art produced during the Renaissance would
build upon Giottos style.
15
th
to16
th
Century
Neoclassical Art
Neoclassical Art is a severe and
unemotional form of art harkening
back to the grandeur of ancient
Greece and Rome. Its rigidity was
a reaction to the
overbred Rococo style and the
emotional charged Baroque style.
The rise of Neoclassical Art was
part of a general revival of interest
in classical thought, which was of
some importance in the American
and French revolutions.


18
th
to early 19
th
Century
Romanticism late
Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary,
and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th
century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to
1850. Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolutionit was also a revolt against the
aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction
against the scientific rationalization of nature.

It was embodied most strongly in the
visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,

education

and the natural sciences

Its effect on politics was considerable and complex; while for
much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, in
the long term its effect on the growth of nationalism was probably more significant.
18
th
mid 19
th

Impressionism
Impressionism is about the nature of fugitive light falling on surfaces. This
play of moving light, as opposed to stationary light, expresses the
ephemeral quality of modernity. Impressionism is about the temporary,
the here and now, and not about the timeless, the forever.
Impressionism is about life lived in bursts of brief encounters in the city.
It's about faster speeds, quickly moving clouds, sunshine reflected on
water, and the shimmer of satin ribbons dangling from a baby's cradle.

1860s to 1880s
Fauvism

Fauvism was the first of the avant-garde
movements that flourished in France in
the early years of the twentieth century.
The Fauve painters were the first to break
with Impressionism as well as with older,
traditional methods of perception. Their
spontaneous, often subjective response
to nature was expressed in bold,
undisguised brushstrokes and high-
keyed, vibrant colors directly from the
tube.


Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau is considered a "total" style,
embracing architecture, graphic art, interior
design, and most of the decorative
arts including jewellery, furniture, textiles,
household silver and other utensils and lighting,
as well as the fine arts. According to the
philosophy of the style, art should be a way of life.
For many Europeans, it was possible to live in an
art nouveau-inspired house with art nouveau
furniture, silverware, crockery, jewellery, cigarette
cases, etc. Artists desired to combine the fine arts
and applied arts, even for utilitarian objects.
1890s to 1920s
ART DECO
Art Deco is a popular design
movement during 1925 until
1939. It is an elegant style of
architecture, industrial and
interior design, painting,
fashion, film and graphic arts.
Art Deco was purely decorative
with no political or
philosophical intentions. The
Art Deco movement was
considered elegant, functional
and modern.

1920S-1930S
EXPRESSIONISM
Expressionism was a modernist movement,
initially in poetry and painting, originating
in Germany at the beginning of the 20th
century. Its typical trait is to present the
world solely from a subjective perspective,
distorting it radically for emotional effect in
order to evoke moods or ideas.
Expressionist artists sought to express
meaning or emotional experience rather
than physical reality.


1880s to 1940s
CUBISM
Cubism was one of the most influential visual art styles of the early twentieth century. It
was created by Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 18811973) and Georges Braque (French, 1882
1963) in Paris between 1907 and 1914. The French art critic Louis Vauxcelles coined the
term Cubism after seeing the landscapes Braque had painted in 1908 at L'Estaque in
emulation of Czanne. Vauxcelles called the geometric forms in the highly abstracted
works "cubes." Other influences on early Cubism have been linked to Primitivism and
non-Western sources. The stylization and distortion of Picasso's ground-breaking Les
Demoiselles d'Avignon (Museum of Modern Art, New York), painted in 1907, came from
African art. Picasso had first seen African art when, in May or June 1907, he visited the
ethnographic museum in the Palais du Trocadro in Paris.

1900s to 1920s
Constructivism
Constructivism was the last and most influential modern art movement to flourish
in Russia in the 20th century. It evolved just as the Bolsheviks came to power in
the October Revolution of 1917, and initially it acted as a lightning rod for the
hopes and ideas of many of the most advanced Russian artists who supported the
revolution's goals. It borrowed ideas from Cubism, Supremacist and Futurism, but
at its heart was an entirely new approach to making objects, one which sought to
abolish the traditional artistic concern with composition, and replace it with
'construction.' Constructivism called for a careful technical analysis of modern
materials, and it was hoped that this investigation would eventually yield ideas
that could be put to use in mass production, serving the ends of a modern,
Communist society
1920s
Surrealism
The Surrealist movement was founded in Paris by a small group of writers and
artists who sought to channel the unconscious as a means to unlock the power of
the imagination. Disdaining rationalism and literary realism, and powerfully
influenced by Sigmund Freud, the Surrealists believed the conscious mind
repressed the power of the imagination, weighting it down with taboos.
Influenced also by Karl Marx, they hoped that the psyche had the power to reveal
the contradictions in the everyday world and spur on revolution
1920s to 1950s
Abstract expressionism
Abstract Expressionism or abstract expressionism - A painting movement in which
artists typically applied paint rapidly, and with force to their huge canvases in an
effort to show feelings and emotions, painting gestural, non-geometrically,
sometimes applying paint with large brushes, sometimes dripping or even
throwing it onto canvas. Their work is characterized by a strong dependence on
what appears to be accident and chance, but which is actually highly planned.
Some Abstract Expressionist artists were concerned with adopting a peaceful and
mystical approach to a purely abstract image. Usually there was no effort
to represent subject matter. Not all work was abstract nor was all work expressive,
but it was generally believed that the spontaneity of the artists' approach to their
work would draw from and release the creativity of their unconscious minds.
The expressive method of painting was often considered as important as the
painting itself.
1940s to 1960s
Pop Art
Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the mid-1950s in Britain and in the late 1950s in
the United States. Pop art presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery
from popular culture such as advertising, news, etc. In pop art, material is sometimes visually
removed from its known context, isolated, and/or combined with unrelated material. The
concept of pop art refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led to it
Pop art employs aspects of mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane
cultural objects. It is widely interpreted as a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of abstract
expressionism, as well as an expansion upon them And due to its utilization of found
objects and images it is similar to Dada. Pop art is aimed to employ images of popular as
opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any given
culture.
Pop art and minimalism are considered to be art movements that precede postmodern art,
or are some of the earliest examples of Post-modern Art themselves
1950s to 1960s
Minimalism
The term "Minimalism" has evolved over the last half-century
to include a vast number of artistic media and its precedents
in the visual arts can be found in Mondrian van Doesburg,
Reinhardt, and in Malevich's monochromes. But it was born
as a self-conscious movement in New York in the early 1960s.
1960+
Conceptual Art
Conceptual art is a movement that prizes ideas over the formal or visual
components of art works. An amalgam of various tendencies rather than a
tightly cohesive movement, Conceptualism took myriad forms, such as
performances, happenings, and ephemera. From the mid-1960s through
the mid-1970s Conceptual artists produced works and writings that
completely rejected standard ideas of art.
1960s+
Land Art
Land art, Earthworks or Earth art is an art movement in which
landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked. It is also an art
form that is created in nature using natural materials such as: soil,
rock, bed rock, boulders, stones,
organic media: logs, branches, leaves and water with introduced
materials such as concrete, metal, asphalt, or mineral pigments.
Sculptures are not placed in the landscape, rather the landscape is
the means of their creation.
1960s+
Graffiti Art
Graffiti is writing or drawings that have been scribbled scratched or
sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public/open place,
Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate colourful and
meaning wall paintings, and it has existed since ancient times, with
examples dating back to Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, and the
Roman Empire, people use graffiti to express how there feeling or
to get words/phrases out in the open to public.

Late 1960s+