(-3, -3)

2006 .

R,
C. ,
, K .

1. 1 < p < +. x Kn
k xk p

n
X
i=1

|x i |p

1=p

(x = (x1 ; : : : ; xn ) Kn ):

(1)

, , Knp = (Kn ; k kp ) | .
1) q (1; +) , p1 + 1q = 1. :
ab 6

a p bq
+
p q

(a; b > 0):

2) :
n
X
i=1

|xi yi | 6 kxkp ky kq

(x; y Kn ):

3)  :
kx + y kp 6 kxkp + ky kp

(x; y Kn ):

2. , `p |

(1 < p < +).

3. , (x(k) ) Kn x Kn

k kp ( (1 6 p 6 +)) , x
.

4. , c0 ` . `p ` ?
5. 1 6 p 6 q 6 . , `p `q , `p 6= `q p 6= q.
6. S | . , (fn ) ` (S )

f ` (S ) k k , f
.

7. (X; ) | . x0

X ,
x X fx X fx (y) = (y; x) (y; x0 ). , fx , x 7 fx
X ` (X ).

 8. 1 < p < +. f C [a; b]

kf kp

Z b
a

|f (t)|p dt

1=p

(f C [a; b]):

, , (C [a; b]; k kp ) | .
1) q (1; +) , p1 +
:
Z b
a

1
q

= 1. (. 1)

|f (t)g (t)| dt 6 kf kp kg kq

(f; g C [a; b]):

2)  :
kf

+ g kp 6 kf kp + kg kp

(f; g C [a; b]):

9.
Cb (R) c0 (C [a; b]; k k ).

10.

Knp

(C [a; b]; k kp ), `

R2 ,

k kp ,
p [1; +]. p = 1, p = 2, p = .
p?

11. 1 6 p 6 q 6 +.
1) , k kq 6 k kp Kn .
2) , C = Cn;p;q > 0, k kp 6 C k kq
Kn .
3) n?
4) Cn;p;q .

12. k k0 k k00 | X .
R > 0 BR0 = {x X : kxk0 6 R} BR00 = {x X : kxk00 6 R}. ,
:

1) k k0 k k00 ;
2) R > 0, B100 BR0 ;
3) xn x k k00 , xn x k k0 .
,

,
.
2

 13 . ,
.

14. c00 | (.. -

x = (xn ), N N,
xn = 0 n > N ). k kp k kq c00 p 6= q?

15. 1 6 p 6 q 6 +.
1) , C = Ca;b;p;q > 0, k kp 6 C k kq
C [a; b].
2) Ca;b;p;q .
3) k kp k kq C [a; b] p 6= q?

16. , , (. 1 8) .
17. , Knp , `p , (C [a; b]; k kp ) -

1 < p < +.

18. , Kn1 , Kn ( n > 2), `1 , c0 , ` , (C [a; b]; k k1 ),

(C [a; b]; k k ) .

19. , X -

, S1 = {x X : kxk = 1}
(.. [a; b], a 6= b).

20. , | .

21. X | , x X , A X | . , a; b A,
x, [a; b].

22. , X :

1) X | ;
2) A X x X
a A, x.

23. ,

, .

24. , c0 , `p p < , (C [a; b]; k kp ) (

p) , ` Cb (R) .

25. , ,
, .
3

 26. X | Y

| .

1) , Y , .
2) , X Y , Y .

27. , (=)
, .

28. ,

.

29. , ` (S ) . c0 C [a; b].

30. , `p p [1; +].

31. , (c00 ; k kp ) p [1; +]
(`p ; k kq ) q > p.

32. , (C [a; b]; k kp ) p < +.

33. , :

X
B1 B2 : : :, , , X
.

34. , .

35. , ,

(f (x); f (y)) 6 q(x; y )

(f (x); f (y)) < (x; y ).

36. , x = x3 + 0:001 .

15 .

37. ,
1
1
xn = (xn1 + xn+1 ) +
5
1 + n2
.

( n Z)

38. , .

39. X; Y | , f : X Y | .
1) , f , .
4

2) , .

40 ( ). X | -

, X0 | . , Y
f0 : X0 Y f : X Y , f0 . f .
f0 (f0 (x); f0 (y)) 6 C(x; y ) C > 0,
f . , f0 | , f | .

41. , -

42. Y | , X | .

X Y .

43. (c00 ; k kp ) 1 6 p 6 .
44. , X | , Xe
k k, , X Xe , k k
Xe .
45. , X , .

46. X = `p (1

6 p 6 +) X = c0 .
Tr : X X T` : X X :

Tr (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; : : :) = (0; x1 ; x2 ; : : :);

T` (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; : : :) = (x2 ; x3 ; x4 ; : : :) (x X ):

, Tr T` , . ?

47. 1 6 p 6 q 6 +.
I : Knq Knp ; I (x) = x:

? , ?
, 1 6 q 6 p 6 +.

48. X; Y | , X .
, T : X Y .

49. 1 6 p 6 q 6 +.
I : (C [a; b]; k kq ) (C [a; b]; k kp ); I (f ) = f:

? , ?
, 1 6 q 6 p 6 +.
5

 50. t0 [a; b]
F : (C [a; b]; k kp ) K; F (x) = x(t0 ):

p [1; +] F ? .
?
51. X = `p (1 6 p 6 +) X = c0 .  = (n ) |
.
1) ,
M (x) = (1 x1 ; 2 x2 ; 3 x3 ; : : :)

(x X )

(2)

M : X X ,  , .. ` .
M X .
2) , M  ` .
3) kM k.  M ?
52. X = (C [a; b]; k kp ) (1 6 p 6 +), f C [a; b].
Mf : X X
Mf (g) = fg

(f X ):

, Mf , . f Mf ?
53. X = (C [0; 1]; k kp ) (1 6 p 6 +).
T : X X
(T f )(x) =

Z x
0

f (t) dt

(f X ):

(3)

, T . p = 1 p = , ,
.
54. X; Y | . , B (X; Y ) , Y . , X .
55. X | `p ; c0 ; C [a; b]. , B(X )
.
56. F Kn :
F (x) =

n
X
i=1

ai xi

(x Kn )

, Kn
a = (ai ) Kn .
Kn k kp (1 6 p 6 +). , F ,
:
6

1) p = 1;
2) p = ;
3) 1 < p < +.
F ?

57. , 56,

(`1 ) ;
1) `
(c ) ;
2) `1
0
(`p ) (1 < p < +; 1 + 1 = 1).
3) `q
p
q

. Fa = (a) ?

58. , , `1
= (` ) ?

59.
F : (C [1; 1]; k kp ) K; F (f ) =

Z 1
1

sign x f (x) dx:

, , . ?

60. f | H . -

n N; n > 3,  C | 1 n,  6= 1.
:
n1
1X
f (x; y ) =
 k f (x +  k y; x +  k y):
n k=0

61. , (Cn ; k kp ), `p , (C [a; b]; k kp )

p 6= 2 n > 1 .

62. n .
63. , `p , (C [a; b]; k kp ) p 6= 2
, .

64. H | , H0 H | -

, x H | . y H0 x H0 ,
x y H0 .
, y H0 x H0 ,
kx yk = (x; H0 ).

65. , x H0 .
7

 66. , x H H0 ,
H0 .

67. , M H

M = hM i. , H0 = H0
H0 H .

68. H = C [1; 1] .

H0 = f C [1; 1] :

Z 0
1

f (t) dt =

Z 1
0

f (t) dt :

1) , H0 | H ,
f H \ H0 H0 .
2) H0 . , H0 = H0 ?

69. , : -

H , f H
y H , f (x) = (x; y) x H , H | .

70. H | . 69, -

f H , f = ( ; y) y H .
H0 = Ker f .
1) , x H \ H0 H0 .
2) H0 . , H0 = H0 ?

71. ,
, .

72. H | , H0 H | ,
(ei )iI | H0 .

1) , x H
X

x0 =

iI

(x; ei )ei

x H0 .
2) , (x; H0 )2 = kxk2

2
iI |(x; ei )| .

73. f (t) = et ( [0; 1]; k k2 ) 1.

74. , -

. , ,
.
8

 75. , c0 , `p (1 6 p 6 +)
C [a; b] (, , ).

76. 1 6 p < +. , K

, " > 0 N
x K

n=N +1

|x n |p

`p
N,

< ":

77. , K
, " > 0
x K
sup |xn | < ":

0
N N,

n>N +1

78. X | , Y

X | . " > 0. x X "-

Y , kxk = 1 (x; Y ) > 1 ".
, 0- Y X; Y 6= X , , -
x X \ Y Y .

79. H | , H0 H | -

. , x H 1 0- H0
, x H0 .

80. H | . , H0 H; H0 6= H , H 0-
H0 . , H | ?
81. X | , f X | . , :
1) X 0- Ker f ;
2) f .

82. X
Y X; Y 6= X , 0-.

83. X | , Y

X; Y =
6 X | . , " > 0 X
"- Y .

84. , .
85. , .

 86. X | , -

. , X .
87. , , .
88. , X
, .
89. X; Y | , f : X Y | . , X ,
Y . , f , ?
90.
, .
91. X | , f : X X | , (f (x); f (y)) < (x; y ) x 6= y.
, f .
92. X; Y | , dim X < . , T B (X; Y ) .
93. X | , K X | . , x X
K.
94. X | , Y X | . , x X Y .
95. X | , Y X; Y 6= X | . , X 0-
Y.
96. X , Y X x X , Y .
97. X; Y | , T : X Y | . , T .
98. ,
.
99. `p c0 (. 46)?
100. M | `p c0 (. 51).
, M .
101. f C [a; b], Mf | C [a; b] (. 52). f , Mf .
102. , C [0; 1] (.
53) .
10