OPEN PIT BLAST DESIGN

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OBJECTIVES
To become familiar with Surpacs Open Pit Blast Design tools.
To esign !arious open pit blasts using regular an staggere gris" pre#split
holes" an ramp blasts.
FILES USED
$iles use in this lab e%ercise are foun in the following foler&
C:\OP_BLAST_DESIGN.LAB\
DISCUSSION
The Open Pit blast esign moule in Surpac consists of !er' specific tools for the esign"
planning" an reporting of the !arious t'pes of blasts that ma' occur in Open pit mines. The blast
esign moule allows 'ou to create an charge !ertical an incline holes in rectangular patterns"
along segments" or in a straight line between an' two points igiti(e on the screen. The rilling
parameters which nee to be efine inclue&
pattern t'pe )rectangular or staggere*
hole numbering )regular or (ig#(ag*
buren )istance between rows*
spacing )istance between holes in a row*
collar position )set at an ele!ation or to a DT+*
hole length )set at a gi!en length" ele!ation" or to a DT+*
bearing )also referre to as a(imuth*
ip
iameter
pattern name
hole name )incluing optional prefi%" suffi%" an also pae with (eros*
Blasting parameters which nee to be aresse inclue&
epth of stemming )roc, chips" irt" or other non#e%plosi!e material place on top of the
charge*
charge inter!al )multiple charge inter!als separate b' stemming are allowe*
e%plosi!e name
e%plosi!e S- )specific gra!it'" or ensit' of e%plosi!e*
etonator name
ela' name
ela' time )in millisecons*
charge epth can be automaticall' a.uste to hole epth
Designing Blasts
Rectangular Blasts: Two t'pes of blast patterns ma' be create& a rectangular or
staggere pattern. Staggering a blast pattern has no effect on rille buren an
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spacing" but is useful in creating echelon#se/uence patterns. The follow iagram
ispla's the two ,ins of rectangular blast patterns that can be use&
Rectangular Staggered
The following iagram shows the two numbering patterns that can be use for numbering
of the blast holes in a particular blast& regular or (ig#(ag.
Regular Zig-Zag
Pres!lit Blasts: Pre#split blast holes are rille at relati!el' close spacing along a
planned fracture plane. Pre#split blasts are use to brea, the roc, to form certain
features such as a cur!e in a pit wall or a ramp. Surpac can create pre#split holes along
a straight line" or along a segment
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Figure ": Pre#split blast holes aroun a cur!e in the pit wall.
Figure #: Pre#split blast holes following the pit wall an e%tening own to a esire
ramp esign.
Su$Drilling: Sub#rilling" that is" rilling below the floor of the lower bench" can be
achie!e in Surpac b' using a simple metho. 1ou must mo!e the DT+ to which 'ou are
e%tening the rilling own the amount of sub#rilling. $or e%ample" if 'ou are to sub#rill
1m" then a new surface e/ual to the current pit surface must be create. This new
surface" howe!er" must be mo!e ownwar 1m. The purpose of this is to ha!e a
surface to which 'ou can e%ten the blast holes an that will ta,e into account the sub#
rilling epth.
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Figure %: T'pical profile of a bench blast esign showing inclination of holes an sub
rilling.
Blast &'le N'(enclature: The following table pro!ies e%amples blast hole names that
can be automaticall' assigne b' ifferent combinations an permutations of the blast
hole naming parameters&
Hole ID
Prefix
Hole ID
Suffix
Starting
Value
Pad
Hole_id
Pad
Length
Pad
Character
Example

! "o

!# $# %
&

! "o

&!# &$# &%
'()- Rc ! "o

'()-!rc# '()-$rc# '()-%rc
*h-

! +e % ) *h-))!# *h-))$# *h-))%
"_

$)! +e ( x "_x$)!# "_x$)$# "_x$)%

,h - +e $ ) )-*h# )'*h# !)*h
RC

')! "o

RC')!# RC')$#RC')%
C)arging Blast &'les: Once a blast has been esigne" 'ou ma' continue further with
the process b' assigning e%plosi!e charges to the holes. 3n' blast holes esigne in
Surpac ma' be charge accoring to the users specifications. These charging ata ma'
then be uploae to a blast atabase for reporting an calculations. 4n Surpac the
following charging parameters can be user#efine&
1. 5%plosi!es name )e.g.& 36$O*
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2. 5%plosi!es ensit'
0. Dela' name
2. Dela' time )e.g.& 27 ms*
7. Detonator name )e.g.& 6onel 8P*
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ASSIGN*ENT
1. :reate four blast esigns&
4. ;ectangular pattern at 2<m ele!ation clippe b' one of the segments in the
file =(ones20.str>. Sub rill the blast holes 1m.
44. Staggere pattern at 2<m ele!ation clippe b' one of the segments in the file
=(ones20.str>. Sub rill the blast holes 1m.
444. Pre#split blast along the pit wall crest at the 2<m ele!ation.
4?. Pre#split blast along the ramp crest.
2. :reate a plot of all four blast esigns.
0. :harge all four blast esigns with Stemming at the collar )1m*" an 36$O )0.<* in the rest
of the hole.
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USEFUL TOOLBAR ICONS
BLAST DESIGN
:reate rectangular blast pattern
Design line of blast holes
Design blast holes along segment
Design single blast hole
:omplete une%tene hole
3ssign new hole 4Ds
Aploa holes to atabase
+oif' charge efaults
:harge all holes
:harge holes insie igiti(e bo%
:harge holes insie igiti(e segment
:harge holes insie e%isting segment
:harge single hole
Ancharge all holes
Ancharge holes insie igiti(e bo%
Ancharge holes insie igiti(e segment
Ancharge holes insie e%isting segment
Ancharge single hole
Delete all holes
Delete a group of holes
Delete single hole
Delete all une%tene holes
Delete holes insie a igiti(e bo%
Delete holes outsie a igiti(e bo%
Delete holes insie a igiti(e segment
Delete holes outsie a igiti(e segment
Delete holes insie an e%isting segment
Delete holes outsie a e%isting segment
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PROCDURE
"+ Create ,'ur $last -esigns:
I+ Rectangular !attern at ./( ele0ati'n cli!!e- $1 'ne ', t)e seg(ents in
t)e ,ile 23'nes.4+str5+ Su$ -rill t)e $last )'les "(+
a+ $rom the 6a!igator clic, an rag the file (ones20.str into the !iewport
to open it.
$+ $rom the Blast Design toolbar choose the button to create a
rectangular blast pattern.
c+ 3 prompting message will appear as,ing 'ou to =Select area for
blasting holes>.
-+ :lic, an rag to efine a rectangle in the area shown in the following
iagram&
e+ Bit the $2 ,e' to appl' an accept the efine rectangle.
,+ $ill the subse/uent form as follows. Please note that the !alues in the
fiels Origin X, Origin Y, Grid Height, Grid Width, & Grid Angle will be
ifferent for 'our selecte rectangle&
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g+ 3 prompting message will appear as,ing 'ou to =Select a close
segment to clip the holes>. :lic, the segment in the lower right#han
corner as in the following iagram&
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II+ Staggere- !attern at ./( ele0ati'n cli!!e- $1 'ne ', t)e seg(ents in
t)e ,ile 23'nes.4+str5+ Su$ -rill t)e $last )'les "(+
a+ $rom the Blast Design toolbar choose the button to create a
rectangular blast pattern.
$+ 3 prompting message will appear as,ing 'ou to =Select area for
blasting holes>.
c+ :lic, an rag to efine a rectangle in the area shown in the following
iagram&
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Clic6 )ere t' select
t)is seg(ent
-+ Bit the $2 ,e' to appl' an accept the efine rectangle.
e+ $ill the subse/uent form as follows. Please note that the !alues in the
fiels Origin X, Origin Y, Grid Height, Grid Width, & Grid Angle will be
ifferent for 'our selecte rectangle&
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,+ 3 prompting message will appear as,ing 'ou to =Select a close
segment to clip the holes>. :lic, the segment in the lower left#han
corner as in the following iagram&
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III+ Pres!lit $last al'ng t)e !it 7all crest at t)e ./( ele0ati'n+
a+ $rom the Blast Design toolbar choose the button to esign blast
holes along segment.
$+ 3 prompting message will appear as,ing 'ou to =Select the starting
position an rag to the en of selection>.
c+ :lic, an rag from the first point in the following iagram to the
secon point&
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Clic6 )ere t' select
t)is seg(ent
Clic6 an- -rag ,r'( )ere
Drag t' )ere
-+ $ill the subse/uent form as follows. 6ote that the Line Length !alue
ma' be ifferent than 'ours&
e+ 3 prompting message will appear as,ing 'ou to =Select the target
segment>. :lic, to select the t'e segment" as in the following iagram&
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IV+ Pres!lit $last al'ng t)e ra(! crest+
a+ $rom the Blast Design toolbar choose the button to esign blast
holes along segment.
$+ 3 prompting message will appear as,ing 'ou to =Select the starting
position an rag to the en of selection>.
c+ :lic, an rag from the first point in the following iagram to the
secon point&
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Clic6 t)e t'e
seg(ent as t)e
target
Clic6 an- -rag ,r'( )ere
Drag t' )ere
-+ $ill the subse/uent form as follows. 6ote that the Line Length !alue
ma' be ifferent than 'ours&
e+ 3 prompting message will appear as,ing 'ou to =Select the target
segment>. :lic, to select the t'e segment of the ramp as in the
following iagram&
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#+ Create a !l't ', all ,'ur $last -esigns+
a. +a,e sure the !iew is plan b' clic,ing the button.
b. $rom the toolbar clic, the button to start 3utoPlot.
c. $ill the subse/uent forms as follows. 6ote that the scale !alues on the right han
sie ma' be ifferent from 'our !alues" so 'ou will ha!e to select an appropriate
scale for the 30 si(e sheet of paper&
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Select t)e t'e
', t)e ra(! as
t)e target
. Apon appl'ing the pre!ious form" a ashe bo% will appear centere aroun 'our
ata in the graphics !iewport. This bo% represents the paper 'ou!e chosen.
The prompting message as,s 'ou to =+o!e/;otate selection bo%. 3ppl' to
continue. 3ssist ,e' to rescale bo%.> Dith the left mouse button clic, an rag to
mo!e the bo%. Dith the right mouse button clic, an rag to rotate the bo% about
the lower" left corner. Bitting the $1 ,e' )assist ,e'* will rescale the !iew if
'ou!e mo!e the bo% partl' outsie the current !iew. Bitting the $2 ,e' )appl'*
will appl' the changes 'ou!e mae. Eust hit the $2 ,e' to appl' an continue.
e. $ill the subse/uent form as follows&
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f. Once Surpac has finishe processing the plot it will let 'ou ,now with a message
in the message winow at the bottom of the screen& =Pr'cessing ,inis)e- !l't
,ile is (aingraa+!,>. 4t ma' also open the file automaticall' in the Plot $ile
?iewer" which is a separate little program solel' for !iewing plot files.
%+ C)arge all ,'ur $last -esigns 7it) Ste((ing at t)e c'llar 8"(9: an- ANFO 84+/9 in
t)e rest ', t)e )'le+
a. $rom the Blast design toolbar" choose the button to charge all holes.
b. $ill the subse/uent form as follows&
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