U ser

And

LINUX

, !
.
,

RAID . , c MDAdm. RAID Ubuntu.

, IPv4 . IPv6. ,
IPv6 Linux
,
. , 5 ,
.
CYBERCRIME.
.
.
.
,


SERVERS

MDAdm RAID Ubuntu.............................................................. 5

IPv6 Linux......................................................................... 7
5 ................................. 11
SOHO- Zentyal..................................................... 15
IP-........................................................ 28

WORKSTATION

.................................................................. 33
Canon............................................. 35

CONSOLE

Linux........... 36
Linux. ................................. 38

PROGRAMMING

...................................... 42

SECURITY

RSA-
......................................... 48

OTHERS

OpenSource
.................................................................................. 51

....................................................................................................... 57
WiFi-......................................................................... 61

CYBERCRIME

Linux-,
................................................................. 64
............................................. 65
: ..................................... 67

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

MDAdm
RAID Ubuntu

RAID.
,
.

RAID
sdc
RAID1.
RAID
# apt-get install mdadm
sdb sdc
RAID 1
#fdisk /dev/sdb
command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended,
4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default
1): 1
First sector (2048-16777215,
default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or
+size{K,M,G} (2048-16777215,
default 16777215): +5G
Command (m for help): t
Hex code (type L to list codes):
83
Changed system type of partition
1 to 83
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been
altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read
partition table.
Syncing disks.
ualinux.com

# mdadm --create --verbose /dev/

md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /
dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

RAID

# cat /proc/mdstat

-
personalities : [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 sdc1[1]
sdb1[0]
5238720 blocks super 1.2 [2/2]
[UU]
unused devices: <none>

RAID
.
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
# mkdir /mnt/raid
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid

USER v14.03(7)

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

- RAID /dev/sdb1 .
# mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sdb1
RAID- :
# touch /mnt/raid/test.txt
RAID
# cat /proc/mdstat

RAID
, RAID
/dev/
md0,
,
/dev/md127.
, , , ,
RAID- /dev/md0
. :

, /dev/sdb1
:
Personalities : [linear]
[multipath] [raid0] [raid1]
[raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active raid1 sdb1[2](F)
sdc1[1]
5238720 blocks super 1.2 [2/1]
[_U]
unused devices: <none>

fdisk
/dev/sdd , /dev/sd1.
- /dev/sdb1 RAID
/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf # mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/
sdb1
:

# mdadm -Db /dev/md0 > /etc/

mdadm/mdadm.conf

ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2

name=ub-4:0 UUID=7da67e34:3d29e3a
1:bdf36edd:6be26e60

/dev/sdd1
# mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdd1

RAID
initramfs:
# update-initramfs -u

# cat /proc/mdstat

, RAID RAID
/dev/md0.
:
RAID Personalities : [linear]
[multipath] [raid0] [raid1]
- [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
. , - md0 : active raid1 sdd1[2]
- sdc1[1]
5238720 blocks super 1.2 [2/1]
, - [_U]
[=>...................] recovery
mdadm = 6.2% (329984/5238720)
ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

U ser
And

LINUX

finish=1.2min speed=65996K/sec
unused devices: <none>

servers
, ,

.

RAID # ls /mnt/raid/
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid/

lost+found test.txt

:
yakim.org.ua

IPv6 Linux
IPv4, ,
IP . ,
2.1, IPv6,
. ,

ping6, ip ifconfig. : IP,
IP-. IP Internet Protocol,
IP-.
,
.
IPv6
, IPv6 ? , IPv4-,
:

;
NAT , ;
;
DHCP.
ualinux.com

IPv6 . IPv4,
, , .
IPv6?
, IPv6
Linux?
:
$ cat /proc/net/if_inet6
000000000000000000000000000000 01
01 80 10 80 lo
fe80000000000000020b6afffeef7e 8d
02 40 20 80 eth0

, , IPv6
. ,
Linux-

IPv6 .
IPv6
IPv6,
USER v14.03(7)

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

ping6.

localhost:
ping6 ,
$ ping6 -c2 ::1
: fe80::20b:6aff:feef:7e8d
PING ::1(::1) 56 data bytes
fe80::221:97ff:feed:ef01. 64 bytes from ::1: icmp_seq=1
,
ttl=64 time=0.043 ms
ping6,
64 bytes from ::1: icmp_seq=2

ttl=64 time=0.054 ms
--- ::1 ping statistics ---.
2 packets transmitted, 2
ff02::1 received, 0% packet loss, time

ff02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1, 999ms
-, rtt min/avg/max/mdev =

0.043/0.048/0.054/0.008 ms
link-local .
::1 0000:0000:0000
link-local :0000:0000:0000:0000:0001. - fe80::/10, 169.254.0.0/16 IPv4.
, - , ,
. ,
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.
,

. IPv6
, - ,
, IPv6? !
link-local ,
.
$ ping6 -c4 -I eth0 ff02::1
,
PING FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1(ff02::1)

IPv6, from fe80::20d:b9ff:fe05:25b4

eth0: 56 data bytes
64 bytes from
(neighbor table) IPv6 ( -
fe80::20d:b9ff:fe05:25b4: icmp_
ARP-). neighbor table
seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.301 ms

64 bytes from

ip:
fe80::20b:6aff:feef:7e8d: icmp_
seq=1 ttl=64 time=3.69 ms (DUP!)
[snip duplicate lines]
-- FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 ping
statistics --4 packets transmitted, 4
received, +6 duplicates, 0%
packet loss, time 3000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev =
0.254/1.698/8.911/2.593 ms
ualinux.com

$ ip -6 neigh show
fe80::221:97ff:feed:ef01 dev
eth0 lladdr 00:21:97:ed:ef:01 nud
reachable
fe80::20b:6aff:feef:7e8d dev
eth0 lladdr 00:0b:6a:ef:7e:8d nud
reachable
USER v14.03(7)

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

nud reachable network unreachability detection reachable,

.
neighbor table
.

$ ssh user@remotehost

IP-, /etc/hosts.
,
, fatfreddy, phineas, franklin.
/etc/hosts:

$ ssh phineas@
fe80::221:97ff:feed:ef01%eth0

fe80::20b:6aff:feef:7e8d
fatfreddy
fe80::221:97ff:feed:ef01 phineas
fe80::3f1:4baf:a7dd:ba4f
franklin

$ scp test.txt phineas@\

fe80::221:97ff:feed:ef01%eth0\]
:phineas@fe80::221:97ff:feed:
ef01%eth0's
password:
test.txt 100% 19 0.0KB/s
00:00

:
$ ping6 -I eth0 phineas
PING phineas(phineas) from
fe80::221:97ff:feed:ef01 eth0: 56
data bytes
64 bytes from phineas: icmp_seq=1
ttl=64 time=17.3 ms

SSH SCP
SSH SCP c IPv6. ,
,
, !

IPv6-,
. :
ualinux.com

:
$ scp filename user@remotehost:/
home/username/directory/

IPv6 .
SSH-:

, linklocal ,
. ,
. scp
:

IPv6-
, ,
.
IPv6-?
ifconfig -a ,
: , .
grep,
IPv6 :
USER v14.03(7)

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

$ ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet6

addr:'
inet6 addr:
fe80::20d:b9ff:fe05:25b4/64
Scope:Link

,
2000::/3. -
:

,
, ,
IPv6 ? ,
IPv6 ,
IPv6-. . IPv6-
2004
,
IPv6 ,
. , 2012-
- 2004-. , IPv6over-IPv4 tunnel broker- (, ,
2004-!),
SixXS Hurricane Electric.

# ip -6 addr add 2001::1/64 dev

eth0

8 2011
IPv6
Google, Comcast, Facebook,
Yahoo!, Akamai Limelight Networks,
IPv6 24 .
,

test-ipv6.com. ,
IPv4,
IPv6.

ualinux.com

, :
$ ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet6
addr:"
inet6 addr: 2001::1/64
Scope:Global
inet6 addr:
fe80::20b:6aff:feef:7e8d/64
Scope:Link

ip:
# ip -6 addr del 2001::1/64 dev
eth0

, 256
, .
, . ,
IPv6.
:
gnu.su

USER v14.03(7)

10

U ser
And

servers

LINUX

5


,
,
, (
CNN the World Bank). ,

.
; ,
.
,
, .
.
, :
? ? ?
?
?
(,
)?

(, , )?
(, ,
)?
( )?
ualinux.com

? Munin, Zabbix, Nagios, New Relic

.
() ?Loggly, Airbrake, Graylog
,
: , . , ,
, .
?
$ w
$ last

, ,

. .
?
$ history

, . : , ,
.

HISTTIMEFORMAT,
, .
USER v14.03(7)

11

U ser
And

servers

LINUX

,
, $ free -m
$ uptime

?
$ pstree -a
$ ps aux

ps aux e, ,
, pstree-a
, .

$ netstat -ntlp
$ netstat -nulp
$ netstat -nxlp

, . ,netstat-nalp -n(IP-,
, ).
. . PID
ps
aux. , Java
Erlang .
, ,
,
. ,
,
.
ualinux.com

$ top
$ htop

:
?
?
?
? - ?
?
(load average)?

$ lspci
$ dmidecode
$ ethtool

, , :
RAID- (
?),
.
.
?
? 10MBps?
-?
-
$
$
$
$

iostat -kx 2
vmstat 2 10
mpstat 2 10
dstat --top-io --top-bio

USER v14.03(7)

12

U ser
And

servers

LINUX

.
:

?
(si/so)?
: ? ?
(VM)?
dstat.

-?
MySQL ?
- PHP-?


$ mount
$ cat /etc/fstab
$ vgs
$ pvs
$ lvs
$ df -h
$ lsof +D / /* ,
*/

?
, ? (MySQL
?)
:
noatime? default? -
?
?
, ?
ualinux.com

?
,
$ sysctl -a | grep ...
$ cat /proc/interrupts
$ cat /proc/net/ip_conntrack /*

*/
$ netstat
$ ss -s

?
- ,
RAID-, ?
swappinness
? 60
, . , , /
,
.

conntrack_max ?
TCP-

(TIME_WAIT, )?
netstat , ss -s,
.


$
$
$
$

dmesg
less /var/log/messages
less /var/log/secure
less /var/log/auth

USER v14.03(7)

13

U ser
And

LINUX

.
conntrack?

?
?
cron
$ ls /etc/cron* + cat
$ for user in $(cat /etc/passwd
| cut -f1 -d:); do crontab -l -u
$user; done

servers

, .
PHP-FPM; phpslow,
(php, mysql, memcache, ).
, .
Varnish; hit/miss
varnishlog varnishstat.
,

, varnish?
HA-Proxy; ?
? ?

,
?

( cron, - ), ?
- - :
, .
?
-/ /
( ,
, , ).
,
: . , - , , apache, ..
LAMP-:
Apache & Nginx; . ,
, 5xx, -
limit_zone.
, , MySQL; .
mysql.log, ,

:
innodb.
linux.profiua.com

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

14

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

SOHO- Zentyal
1

- . Linux
( )

, , .
,
,
.
,
,
.
? . - .
, ,
,
- Linux ( , ),

, Webmin
- .
Zentyal. .
ualinux.com

-,
- (, , DHCP, ).
-, Ubuntu, ,
. - Zentyal Ubuntu
PPA-.
, ClearOS.

, .
, , .

Zentyal , , :
Pentium 4, RAM, 80
( ).
.
,
USER v14.03(7)

15

U ser
And

LINUX

-
.
, , ,
, , - . , Wi-Fi, ,
()
,
-
,
.
. RAID,
, , .
, , ,

. , (, torrent
) USB.
.

ualinux.com

servers
Zentyal
, ISO- . ISO
. Zentyal
,
Subscribe .
BIOS
CD-,
.
,
.
(delete all disk) Enter.

USER v14.03(7)

16

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

. .

,
. ,
. eth0
, eth1 .

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

17

U ser
And

LINUX

servers
.

,
.

,
. BIOS
.

Zentyal
-,
.
, -
. https://ip_/.
ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

18

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

,
. ( Gateway)

.

> Zentyal.

, .
,
SAMBA ( )

.
. ,
, .
()
, .

, .

. ,
.

DHCP VLAN
ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

19

U ser
And

LINUX

(802.1q) ADSL (PPPOE). ,

PPTP/
L2TP ,
,
.
( 500 ),
, IP
DMZ
.
IP- .

> .

ualinux.com

servers
NTP, DNS,
DDNS DHCP. ,
,


. DNS-,
.
NTP- > /.
,
.

USER v14.03(7)

20

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

Zentyal. (,
, NAS ).
(),
IP .
MAC-.

Zentyal .
,
(, 21 FTP- Zentyal).

/
.
,

.

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

21

U ser
And

LINUX

DHCP
, .
IP-,
,
. DHCP
.

wire,
IP- MAC-. ,
,
IP- MAC-.
ualinux.com

servers

Firewall
. , ,
,

Zentyal.
() .
USER v14.03(7)

22

U ser
And

LINUX

servers
.
L7. Application Protocols

.
, . , ,
. QoS

.

- Zentyal ,

Zentyal.

Gateway > Traffic Shaping.

,
.
ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

23

U ser
And

LINUX

servers
>
, PPPOE
DHCP .

, .
,
.
( 1), ,
. , , .
.

(,
ADSL-, ),
.
ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

24

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

,
. Zentyal.
WAN, .

,

,
. RSS
Jabber.
,
.

, WAN ,
.
, -
, HTTP- DNS.

.
,
, ()
().

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

25

U ser
And

LINUX

Zentyal,
.
, ( )
.
VPN- . .
> Server
Subscription .
, , ,

( ,
, ).

ualinux.com

servers

> Import/Export
Configuration
.
.
Zentyal. , ,
, , , ,
.

USER v14.03(7)

26

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

, ,
,
, ,
.

, .
(User Console)
:

, , .
, - , -
.
.

sudo apt-get update && sudo aptget upgrade

3dnews.ru

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

27

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

IP-

-
.
.
.

smoothstreaming, sanjosestreaming
Streams/
LiveStreamPacketizers :
cupertinostreamingpacketizer,
smoothstreamingpacketizer,
sanjosestreamingpacketizer
:
RTP/Authentication/
IP- hikvision 2CD7133E, - PlayMethod : none
RTSP , h264, mpeg, mjpeg;
MediaCaster/Properties:
Ubuntu.
forceInterleaved
true
Boolean
Wowza Stream Server.
, - , . java, java- /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/
. content/camera.stream
:

sudo dpkg -i ~/WowzaMediaServer RTSP/RTP URL , 2.2.4.deb

camera1.stream, camera2.
:
stream . .
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/

WowzaMediaServer/conf/live
, /usr/local/
WowzaMediaServer/conf/admin.password

username ( )
cp -v /usr/local/
password (), WowzaMediaServer/conf/
Application.xml /usr/local/
.
WowzaMediaServer/conf/live/
Wowza Media Server 2
:
:
http://ip.ad.re.ss:8086/
Streams/StreamType
streammanager admin
: live
username password, HTTPStreamers
admin.password
: cupertinostreaming,
ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

28

U ser
And

servers

LINUX

[start-receivingstream] live application

folder
MediaCaster Type: rtp
camera.stream Stream
Name
OK
.
.
DocumentRoot flowplayer
flowplayer.
start.html, index.html, index1.html, flash.
html, flash1.html, html5.html, html51.html.
start.html:
<table width="640" height="240"
border="0" scrolling="no"
align="center" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tr height="240" valign="top">
<td width="320" height="240">
<iframe style="border: 0px;
padding:0px; width:320px;
height:240px !important;
position:absolute; z-index:1;
margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px;
border:0px;" scrolling="no"
align="middle" src="index.html"
></iframe>
</td>
<td width="320" height="240">
<iframe style="border: 0px;
padding:0px; width:320px;
height:240px !important;
position:absolute; margintop:0px; margin-left:9px !important; border:0px;
z-index:0" scrolling="no"
align="middle" src="index1.html"
></iframe>
</td>
ualinux.com

</tr>
</table>

index.html:
<html><head>
<meta http-equiv="contenttype" content="text/html;
charset=UTF-8">
<script type="text/javascript"
src="flowplayer-3.2.6.min.js"></
script>
</head><body>
<div id="page">
<!--<a href="null" style="displa
y:block;width:320px;height:240px"
id="player"></a>-->
<script type="text/javascript">
var br = navigator.userAgent.
toLowerCase().indexOf("safari");
var br1 = navigator.userAgent.
toLowerCase().indexOf("chrome");
if (br != -1 && br1 == -1)
{
location='html5.html';
}
else
{
location='flash.html';
}
</script>
</div>
</body></html>

flash.html:
<html><head>
<meta http-equiv="contenttype" content="text/html;
charset=UTF-8">
<script type="text/javascript"
src="flowplayer-3.2.6.min.js"></
script>
</head><body>
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29

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And

LINUX

<div id="page">
<script>
var output = '<a href="null" ';
output += 'style="display:block;w
idth:320px;height:240px" ';
output += 'id="player"></a>';
document.write(output);
flowplayer("player", "flowplayer3.2.7.swf",
{
clip: {
url: 'camera.stream',
live: true,
provider: 'rtmp'
},
plugins: {
rtmp: {
url: '../flowplayer.rtmp3.2.3.swf',
netConnectionUrl: 'rtmp://ip.ad.
re.ss:1935/live'
}
}
});
</script>
</div>
</body></html>

html5.html:
<html><head>
<meta http-equiv="contenttype" content="text/html;
charset=UTF-8">
</head><body>
<div id="page">
<script>
var output = '<video
controls="controls" wigth="515"
height="386">';
output += '<source src="http://
ip.ad.re.ss:1935/live/camera.
stream/playlist.m3u8">';
output += '</video>';
document.write(output);
</script>
</div>
</body></html>
ualinux.com

servers
index1.html, flash1.html, html51.
html index.html, flash.html,
html5.html : camera.stream,
- camera1.stream.
,
flash
html5.
7%.
-

iPad. Safari flash, html5
.
motion,
, . Jpeg.
motion:
apt-get install motion

. /etc/motion/motion.conf
:
daemon on
quiet on
width 640
height 480
framerate 10
quality 20
auto_brightness off
threshold 4500
noise_level 64
brightness 0
contrast 0
USER v14.03(7)

30

U ser
And

LINUX

servers

saturation 0
hue 0
ffmpeg_cap_new off
target_dir /var/lib/motion/
snapshots
webcam_localhost off
#
webcam_quality 20
webcam_maxrate 10
output_all off
output_motion off
output_normal off
thread /etc/motion/thread2.conf
thread /etc/motion/thread1.conf

<iframe style="border: 0px;

padding:0px; width:515px;
height:386px !important;
position:absolute; z-index:1;
margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px;
border:0px;" scrolling="no"
align="middle" src="252.html" ></
iframe>
</td>
<td width="515" height="386">
<iframe style="border: 0px;
padding:0px; width:515px;
height:386px !important;
position:absolute; margintop:0px; margin-left:9px !important; border:0px;
/etc/motion/thread1.conf z-index:0" scrolling="no"
html align="middle" src="251.html" ></
iframe></td>
, - </tr>
:
</table>
netcam_url http://ip.ad.
re.ss:port/streaming/channels/1/
251.html:
preview
<script language="javascript">
webcam_port 10000
var BaseURL = "http://ip.ad.
re.ss:10001/";

var File = "stream.mjpg";

theDate = new Date();
:
output = '<IMG SRC="';
output += BaseURL;
output += File;
output += '" WIDTH="515">';
setInterval(document.
index.html, 251.html, write(output),80);
</script>
252,html:

netcam_url http://ip.ad.
re.ss:port/streaming/channels/1/
preview
webcam_port 10001

index.html:

<table width="1030" height="386"

border="0" scrolling="no"
align="center" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tr height="386" valign="top">
<td width="515" height="386">

ualinux.com

252.html 251.html
.

mjpeg
. firefox .

ylsoftware.com

USER v14.03(7)

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And

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workstation

Linux Mint. ,
, 19- ,
1024 768 1440 900.
.
, .

Xorg.conf, xrandr.
, Xorg.
conf , . !
,
100%.
! :
xrandr

1280 x 1024, maximum 16384 x

16384
DVI-I-0 disconnected (normal left
inverted right x axis y axis)
VGA-0 connected 12801024+0+0
(normal left inverted right x
axis y axis) 338mm x 270mm
12801024 60.0*+ 75.0
1280960 60.0
1152864 75.0
1024768 75.0 70.1 60.0
800600 75.0 72.2 60.3 56.2
640480 75.0 72.8 59.9
DVI-I-1 disconnected (normal left
inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI-0 disconnected (normal left
inverted right x axis y axis)

,
VGA (VGA-0),
:DVI-I-1 HDMI-0.
19-,
1440
900. .
:

, .
,
, .
:
cvt 1440 900 60

Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

33

U ser
And

LINUX

:
# 1440900 59.89 Hz (CVT 1.30MA)
hsync: 55.93 kHz; pclk: 106.50
MHz
Modeline 1440x900_60.00 106.50
1440 1528 1672 1904 900 903 909
934 -hsync +vsync

, , ,

:

workstation
#!/bin/sh
xrandr --newmode "1440x900_60.00"
106.50 1440 1528 1672 1904 900
903 909 934 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode VGA1
1440x900_60.00
xrandr --output VGA1 --mode
1440x900_60.00

,
Display.sh . ,
, .sh.
xrandr --newmode"1440x900_60.00" .
106.50 1440 1528 1672 1904 900

903 909 934 -hsync +vsync
> > > ( ) >
:
.
xrandr --addmode VGA1
. , 1440x900_60.00
!
:
xrandr --output VGA1
--mode1440x900_60.00

,
. ,
,
,
. , ,
( )
.
.
Gedit, ,
:

ualinux.com

softhelp.org.ua

USER v14.03(7)

34

U ser
And

workstation

LINUX

Canon

Canon,
PIXUS, MX, MP, IP MG Ubuntu 1
4.04/13.10/13.04/12.10/12.04, Linux
Mint 16/15/14/13.
Canon
, ,
.
Canon PIXUS 550
Canon PIXUS 560
Canon PIXUS 850
Canon PIXUS 860
Canon PIXUS 865
Canon PIXUS 950
Canon PIXUS 990
Canon MX320
Canon MX330
Canon MX350
Canon MX360
Canon MX410
Canon MX420
Canon MX420
Canon MX860
Canon MX870
Canon MX880

Canon MP140
Canon MP160
Canon MP190
Canon MP210
Canon MP240
Canon MP490
Canon MP500
Canon MP510
Canon MP520
Canon MP540
Canon MP550
Canon MP560
Canon MP600
Canon MP610
Canon MP630
Canon iP100
Canon iP1800
Canon iP1000
Canon iP1500

Canon iP1900
Canon iP2200
Canon iP2500
Canon iP2600
Canon iP2700
Canon iP3300
Canon iP3500
Canon iP3600
Canon iP4200
Canon iP4500
Canon iP4700
Canon iP4800
Canon iP5200
Canon iP6600
Canon iP7500
Canon MG5100
Canon MG5200
Canon MG6100
Canon MG8100

ualinux.com

:
sudo add-apt-repository
ppa:michael-gruz/canon-trunk
sudo apt-get update

.
:
sudo apt-get install cnijfilterip100series

:
sudo apt-get install cnijfiltermp140series

:
sudo apt-get install cnijfiltermx320series

. !

softhelp.org.ua

USER v14.03(7)

35

U ser
And

LINUX

console

Linux


,

,
.
,

.
.zip,
,
, .zip.
, Linux,
, .
Tar gzip
, ,
Linux ,
tar. Tape
Archive ( ),
, .
tar
, , ,

.
tar (
tar tarball) .tar,
tar .tgz (, tar
ualinux.com

GNU zip). tar

,
bzip2, zip, LZW LZMA.
tarball
, , :
tar cvf somefiles.tar *

c create (), v verbose (,

tar ,
), f
,
,
somefiles.tar. * ,
Linux, .
somefiles.tar
.
gzip, zip, compress bzip2.
:
gzip somefiles.tar

gzip
.gz. somefiles.tar somefiles.tar.gz.
, ,
tar, :
tar cvzf somefiles.tgz *
USER v14.03(7)

36

U ser
And

LINUX

console

gzip ( tarball), somefiles.tgz. z tar,
tarball.
z j, J Z, tar
bzip2, xz LZW. xz LZMA2,

,
Windows 7-Zip.

f tar ,

Unix stdout, . , tar 7zr,

, -si. 7zr
somefiles.tar,
tarball, , ,
. ,
7-Zip
tarball,
7zr - 7zr:
, tar -cvf somefiles.tar *
7-Zip. .7z, 7zr a somefiles.tar.7z somefiles.
tar
:

7zr a somefiles.7z *

a add (),
. . somefiles.7z.
Windows - .
Linux 7zr
, 7-zip
/ . 7zr
tarball ( ).
Unix
:

;

, .
tarball,
:
tar xvf somefiles.tar

x eXtract
().
tarball,
:
tar xvzf somefiles.tgz

z tar ,

tar cvf - * | 7zr a -si somefiles.

gzip.
tar.7z
ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

37

U ser
And

LINUX

z ,
,
j, J Z.
7-Zip,
:
7zr e somefiles.tar.7z

Linux

console
. zip xz;
, . ,

man, , man xz.

rus-linux.net

Linux.

1

Linux?

,
Linux. C:\\ D:\\ .
Linux,
. .
. :
"/" -
,
-.
/home -
, , ualinux.com

,
. - /home/
__.
/mnt /media -
, , .
Ubuntu /media
, ,
.
.
.
USER v14.03(7)

38

U ser
And

LINUX

console

cd ~

cd - , Ubuntu.
:

"ls". ls,
:

~ () -
. ,
: pwd.
.
"cd". cd, , .
:

/home cd /home. ,
cd:

ls -F
,
ls -l
ls -a

! cd,

,
"TAB", . ,
, . "TAB",
,
,
.
cd ..
"cd",

. , cd ../.. - .
ls, ,

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

39

U ser
And

console

LINUX

30 , :
rm file1 'file1'
"TAB" .
"rm"
, :
,
rm -r dir1

'dir1'
,
rm -r dir1 dir2


-f,
- , "mkdir":
,
:
rm -f file1
rm -rf dir1

mv:

mkdir dir1 'dir1'

mkdir dir1 dir2

mkdir -p /dir1/dir2

"rmdir":

, ,
:
mv _ _
:

"rm". , ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

40

U ser
And

LINUX

console

mv _ /
cp -a dir1/ dir2/ - . - dir1 dir2
"cp":
cp file1 dir1/ -
cp file1 file2 file1 - file1 c dir1
file2
Linux.
! ,
,
--help
: rm --help

linuxrussia.com

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

41

U ser
And

programming

LINUX

. ,
, .
, !
,
- .
, ,

(). ,
, , .

, .

xor .
:
0 ^ 0 = 0; 0 ^ 1 = 1; 1 ^ 0 = 1; 1 ^ 1 = 0
xor /C++ ^. C
.
xor .
A = B ^ C, A, B,
C ,
B = A ^ C.
. . ,
ualinux.com

. ^
.
,
, . ,
zyx :

^^^^^^^^^^^^^
zyxzyxzyxzyxz
xor, :
.


- .xef.
.
,
.

.
.
.
xor_encoding.c :
USER v14.03(7)

42

U ser
And

LINUX

programming

#include <stdio.h> // printf, getchar

#include <string.h> // strcmpi, strcpy, strcat, strlen, strrchr
#include <time.h> // clock
// strcmpi.
// strcmpi , strcmp:
#ifndef strcmpi
#define strcmpi strcmp
#endif
// strcmpi strcmp , strcmpi
// .
// , , .
#define BUFER_SIZE 32768 // 32
// /:
const char password[] = "vqx2ef9kjr34p56-fw6t5u2fr5tej%f142z";
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

// :

unsigned char bufer[BUFER_SIZE]; FILE *f_in, *f_out;

unsigned int i; int pc, last_pc = -1, is_encoding;

unsigned long processed_bytes = 0, file_size; size_t n;

char szOutFileName[512], szOriginalExt[256];

const char *p = &password[0]; char *pDot; unsigned char orig_ext_len;

clock_t start_time, end_time;
// p .

if (argc < 2) { //

printf("Input file was not specified.\n");

return 1; //
}

// argv[1] : .
// 2- fopen : r ;
ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

43

U ser
And

LINUX

programming

// w ; b .

// :

f_in = fopen(argv[1], "rb");

if (f_in == NULL) { //

printf("Cannot open input file \"%s\".\n",

argv[1]);

return 2; //
}

// file_size :
fseek(f_in, 0, SEEK_END); //
file_size = ftell(f_in); // ftel
fseek(f_in, 0, SEEK_SET); //

// :
printf("Input file size: %lu bytes.\n", file_size);
// :
printf("Input file: \"%s\".\n", argv[1]);
// szOutFileName :
strcpy(szOutFileName, argv[1]);

// - szOutFileName:

pDot = strrchr(szOutFileName, '.');

// xef:

if ( pDot && (strcmpi(pDot, ".xef") == 0) ) {

is_encoding = 0; //

*pDot = '\0'; // .xef
// :

orig_ext_len = fgetc(f_in);

if (orig_ext_len) { //

// szOriginalExt:

fgets(szOriginalExt, orig_ext_len + 1, f_in);

// :

strcat(szOutFileName, ".");
ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

44

U ser
And

LINUX

programming

strcat(szOutFileName, szOriginalExt);
}

processed_bytes = (1 + orig_ext_len);

} else { // ,

is_encoding = 1;

if (pDot) { //

// :

strcpy(szOriginalExt, pDot + 1);

// :

*pDot = '\0';

} else //

szOriginalExt[0] = '\0'; //
// .xef - :

strcat(szOutFileName, ".xef");
}

// :
printf("Output file: \"%s\".\n", szOutFileName);
// : :
printf("\t%s...\n", is_encoding ? "Encoding" : "Decoding");

// : :

// :

f_out = fopen(szOutFileName, "rb");

if (f_out) { // ,

fclose(f_in); //

fclose(f_out); //

// :

printf("Output file \"%s\" already exists.\nPress enter to exit.\n",

szOutFileName);

getchar(); // enter

return 3; //

} // if (f_out)

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

45

U ser
And

LINUX

programming

// :

f_out = fopen(szOutFileName, "wb");

if (f_out == NULL) { //

fclose(f_in); //

printf("Cannot open output file \"%s\" for writing.\n",

szOutFileName);

return 4; //
}


if (is_encoding) { //
// 1- f_out :

fputc( (unsigned char)strlen(szOriginalExt), f_out );

fputs(szOriginalExt, f_out); //

}

start_time = clock(); //

for (;;) { // for break

// n - .

// f_in

// BUFER_SIZE bufer:

n = fread(bufer, sizeof(char), BUFER_SIZE, f_in);
// , for (;;):

if (n == 0) break;

// bufer ( ):

for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// ^ bufer[i] :

bufer[i] = ( bufer[i] ^ (unsigned char)*p );
// :
p++;
// p , :

if ((*p) == '\0') p = &password[0];

} // for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

ualinux.com

// ( )
USER v14.03(7)

46

U ser
And

LINUX

f_out:

programming

fwrite(bufer, sizeof(char), n, f_out);

processed_bytes += n; //

// pc :

pc = (int)
( ((double)processed_bytes) / ((double)file_size) * 100.0 );

if (pc != last_pc) { //

// :

printf("Processed bytes: %lu ( %d %% )\r",

processed_bytes, pc);

last_pc = pc; //

} // if

} // for (;;)

end_time = clock(); //

// :

printf("\nDone. Elapsed time: %f seconds\nPress enter to exit.\n",

( (float)(end_time - start_time) ) / (float)CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

fclose(f_in); //

fclose(f_out); //
getchar();

return 0;
} // main
clock
( ) - - . .
,
.
CLOCKS_PER_SEC.
.
grayvovk@meta.ua

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

47

U ser
And

LINUX

security

RSA-



GnuPG 1.4.16 (GNU Privacy Guard) (CVE-2013-4576),
RSA-
,
. GnuPG 2.0
.


,
( ),

,
CPU.
, RSA-

.

,
10KHz,

.

,

.
ualinux.com

.
( 30
) ,
.
, ,
, . C

,
, , .

(
RSA-). 4096- RSA-, , .
USER v14.03(7)

48

U ser
And

security

LINUX

,

.
,

. , ,
(

VGA, USB
Ethernet
).

opennet.ru

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

49

U ser
And

LINUX

s eortvheerrs

OpenSource

.
, , ,
.
,

.

,
Google Code ( Eclipse
Public License). Apache, , , Apache
License 2.0. 2.0 2012 .
, - Flash.


AVI/FLV , 20 .

, ,
. .
:
16 ,
- ;
200 , /.

Apache OpenMeetings
,
: ,
, , : (),
: - , : ,
,
.
,
.

-
Apache
OpenMeetings
-
, - - ( Jabber
. ).
ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

51
51

U ser
And

LINUX

. , ,
, ,
.
( iCal).
(+, ,
), . , , , .
OpenMeetings
VoIP
Asterisk,
Moodle, Drupal, Joomla, SugarCRM .

Openmeetings

, .
LDAP/ Active Directory (
$RED5_HOME/webapps/openmeetings/
ualinux.com

s eortvheerrs
conf
). OpenMeeting
,

.
Openmeetings
,
. (LanguageEditor)
.
.
Openmeetings Java XML. : -
Apache Tomcat, Open Source Flash/RTMP
Server Red5, OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice.
MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle,
DB2 Apache Derby.
http ( 5080), rtmp ( 1935),
rtmpt ( 8088).

,
*nix Windows. Openmeetings
,
, .
,
, 1 CPU
1 .
, USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

52
52

U ser
And

LINUX

, .
2x/4x 2
(32/64 ) 4 .
100
Pentium 4 2 .

Openmeetings

?


- .


. ,

QoS , .
. ,
Apache OpenMeetings 256 /.

, 160 /. ualinux.com

s eortvheerrs
(N ):
(256 N) /;
((256 N (N 1)) /.
:
(256 (N 1)) /;
256 /.
BBB 3050 /. BBB FAQ goo.
gl/Pii7Y. Skype 4 / ()
512/ ().
BigBlueButton

BigBlueButton
(bigbluebutton.org) 2007

. , (Carleton
University),

.
Blindside, BigBlueButton,


.
BBB ,
OpenMeetings.
,

, .

. BBB
, USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

53
53

U ser
And

LINUX

. 2009
Blindside
Networks .

2010
Google Summer of Code.
API,
, BBB Sakai, WordPress, Moodle,
Joomla, Redmine, Drupal, Matterhorn, LAMS
.
BBB,
:
,
, .

BigBlueButton .
,

. , 0.8
Bailetti 4 3 RC.
- WebFWD (Web Forward),
Mozilla.
BigBlueButton - , (

Java- BigBlueButton),
(, )
( HTML 5, FF
ualinux.com

s eortvheerrs

BigBlueButton

Chrome),
,
PDF (
, OpenOffice.
org/LibreOffice),
.
.
-
Adobe Flash,
, Windows, *nix
Mac OS X.
Android.
: ( ) .

,
. ,
( ) .
USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

54
54

U ser
And

LINUX

: , , ,
,
.

,
.
, ,
, .

,
.
320240,
640480, 1280720, BBB -
.
BBB OpenSource :
FreeSWITCH, Nginx, Flash
Red5, MySQL, ActiveMQ, Tomcat, Redis,
Grails, Xuggler, OpenOffice.org, Image
Magick, SWFTools .
Asterisk,
, FreeSWITCH
, Asterisk/app_konference.
- BBB
40 , .

BigBlueButton
CPU Dual Core 2.6
, 2
.
, ,

ualinux.com

s eortvheerrs

BigBlueButton
.
30-50 /. FAQ (goo.gl/
Pii7Y), .
80
, . 80 (HTTP),
935 (RTMP) 9123 ( ).
,
BBB ,
Linux,
FreeBSD, Mac OS X Windows.
Ubuntu CentOS
. BBB Amazon EC2.

,
(
), , API, , (VoIP, nginx ..) .
,
. VM
USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

55
55

U ser
And

LINUX

s eortvheerrs

, - . BBB,
ConfBridge(
.
MeetMe), app_conference (appkonference.
sf.net) app_konference. app_
Asterisk?
VoIP Asterisk conference

.
MeetMe(app_meetme.so), -
- ( ),
, , , (
. - ).
. .

tux.in.ua

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

56
56

U ser
And

LINUX

s eortvheerrs

ping, telnet dig,

.
Traceroute
traceroute ,
(Internet Protocol
(IP)). IPv6
traceroute6.
traceroute UNIX- . , ,
tracepath
Linux tracert
Microsoft Windows. Windows NT PingPath c
.
Tracerute

.
, ,

(TTL) .

TTL ,
ualinux.com

ICMP (
ICMP (ICMP Time
Exceeded)) .
traceroute TTL . TTL
, ,
.
TTL ,

. , - ICMP
(ICMP Echo Reply).
Traceroute
ICMP ,
. ,

( )
.
:
traceroute < >

USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

57
57

U ser
And

s eortvheerrs

LINUX

:
traceroute www.google.it
traceroute to www.google.it
(72.14.234.104), 30 hops max, 60
byte packets
1 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 1.905
ms 5.552 ms 9.496 ms
2 * * *
3 host141-189-static.38-88-b.
business.telecomitalia.it
(88.38.189.141) 50.136 ms 53.519
ms 55.674 ms
4 r-bo83-vl19.opb.interbusiness.
it (80.21.70.162) 58.609 ms
63.730 ms 66.937 ms
5 172.17.5.69 (172.17.5.69)
74.281 ms 76.749 ms 79.629 ms
6 172.17.8.165 (172.17.8.165)
91.052 ms 42.074 ms 42.009 ms
7 172.17.5.241 (172.17.5.241)
49.091 ms 50.790 ms 53.211 ms
8 te1-9-1-0.milano50.mil.seabone.
net (93.186.128.165) 54.800 ms
56.805 ms 59.189 ms
9 te3-2.milano53.mil.seabone.net
(195.22.205.227) 60.866 ms 63.446
ms 65.927 ms
10 72.14.198.233 (72.14.198.233)
68.039 ms 70.902 ms 73.316 ms
11 209.85.249.54 (209.85.249.54)
75.359 ms 78.234 ms 80.581 ms
12 72.14.232.63 (72.14.232.63)
41.714 ms 40.862 ms 41.676 ms
13 mil01s07-in-f104.1e100.net
(72.14.234.104) 46.361 ms 49.293
ms 52.165 ms

Whois
WHOIS ( "who is",
" ") ,
,
-,
ualinux.com

, IP- ,
.
,
. Whois RFC 3912,
.
:
whois <>

:
whois wikipedia.com
Registrant: Wikimedia Foundation,
Inc. 149 New Montgomery Street
Third Floor San Francisco,
California 94105 United States
Registered through: GoDaddy.com,
Inc. (http://www.godaddy.com)
Domain Name: WIKIPEDIA.COM
Created on: 12-Jan-01
Expires on: 10-Jan-15
Last Updated on: 01-Mar-06
Administrative Contact: Admin,
DNS dns-admin@wikimedia.org
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 149
New Montgomery Street Third Floor
San Francisco, California 94105
United States +1.4158396885 Fax
-- +1.4158820495
Technical Contact: Admin,
DNS dns-admin@wikimedia.org
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 149
New Montgomery Street Third Floor
San Francisco, California 94105
United States +1.4158396885 Fax
-- +1.4158820495
Domain servers in listed order:
NS0.WIKIMEDIA.ORG NS1.WIKIMEDIA.
ORG NS2.WIKIMEDIA.ORG

USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

58
58

U ser
And

s eortvheerrs

LINUX

Netstat

GNU/Linux netstat
.

,
, :

-s.
-g:
(Multicast) IPv4
IPv6 (
).
-i: .
kaos@kaos:~$ netstat
-n: TCP-,
Active Internet connections (w/o
servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address

Foreign Address State
.
tcp 0 0 proxy.surfnet.iac:33297
mg-in-f125.:xmpp-client
-p: , ESTABLISHED
(
tcp 0 0 proxy.surfnet.iac:33995
Linux
by1msg5176516.phx.:1863
root; Windows ESTABLISHED Active
UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers) -b).
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State
-r:
I-Node Path unix 3 [ ]
(
DGRAM 13826 /dev/log unix 2 [ ]
route print Windows).
DGRAM 5109 @/org/kernel/udev/
-u: UDP-.
udevd unix 2 [ ]
-t: TCP-.
DGRAM 10443 @/org/freedesktop/
hal/udev_event unix 3 [ ]
:
STREAM CONNECTED 34721 /
tmp/orbit-kaos/linc-4876-0ebf915e300c0 unix 3 [ ] STREAM
CONNECTED 34720

(-), (/).
:
-a: TCP TCP- UDP-,
.
-e: ( Ethernet),
. ualinux.com

netstat -tlnp

,
(PID). ,

.
netstat -an | grep ESTABLISHED |
awk '{print $5}' | awk -F:
'{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c |
awk '{ printf("%st%st",$2,$1) ;
for (i = 0; i < $1; i++)
{printf("*")}; print "" }'

USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

59
59

U ser
And

s eortvheerrs

LINUX

ASCII-,
- (
IP- ) .
:
. :
10.100.0.22 1 *
10.100.0.23 2 **
10.100.1.51 3 ***
120.116.18.134 1 *
87.11.50.125 4 ****

mtr < >

"mtr

google.com":

netstat -ant | awk '{print $NF}'

| grep -v '[a-z]' | sort | uniq
-c

. :
1 CLOSE_WAIT
11 ESTABLISHED
63 LISTEN
21 TIME_WAIT

Mtr
mtr
traceroute ping.
mtr ,
,



TTL. TTL
, .
mtr
.
ualinux.com

mtr
--report
--report-cycles
10 www.google.com > google_net_
report.txt

, mtr, .
mtr
,

-, .

.

rus-linux.net
USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

60
60

U ser
And

LINUX

s eortvheerrs

WiFi-

Wi-Fi

.
Wi-Fi- /

Wi-Fi-.
,
.
,
.
,
Linux Kismet
.
.

,

:
iwlist wlan0 scan

. , ,
.
:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use diagnostics;
ualinux.com

use Math::Round;
#

if (@ARGV != 1) {
#
print "Usage:\n";
print " $0 ifname\n\n";
#
exit;
}
#

my $clear_screen = `clear`;
#
my $ifname = shift;
while (1) {
#
my $scan_result = `iwlist
$ifname scan`;
#
my $error_code = $?;
#
-
exit if $error_code;
#

my @scan_results_tmp =
split /Cell \d+/is, $scan_result;
#

my @scan_results = ();
USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

61
61

U ser
And

LINUX

#
foreach my $hotspot_line
(@scan_results_tmp) {
#
,

next if $hotspot_
line !~ m{Channel\:}is;
#
my %hotspot = ();
#
$hotspot{'Channel'} = $hotspot_
line;
$hotspot{'Channel'} =~
s{^.+Channel\:(\d+).+$}{$1}is;
# SSID
$hotspot{'SSID'}
= $hotspot_line;
$hotspot{'SSID'}
=~ s{^.+ESSID\:"((.+?)?)".+$}{$1}
is;
#
$hotspot{'Crypted'} = $hotspot_
line;
$hotspot{'Crypted'} =~
s{^.+Encryption key:(\w+?)\s.+$}
{$1}is;
# .
my $q1 =
$hotspot_line;
$q1 =~
s{^.+Quality=(\d+)/\d+.+$}{$1}is;
my $q2 =
$hotspot_line;
$q2 =~
s{^.+Quality=\d+/(\d+).+$}{$1}is;

ualinux.com

s eortvheerrs
$hotspot{'Quality'} = round($q1 *
100 / $q2);
push @scan_
results, \%hotspot;
}
#
@scan_results = sort {
sprintf("%02d", $a->{Channel})
cmp sprintf("%02d",
$b->{Channel}) } @scan_results;
#
print $clear_screen;
#
print sprintf(" % 2.2s
[% 9.9s] [% 32.32s] [% 7.7s]\n",
"Ch", "Quality", "SSID",
"Crypt");
print sprintf('%1$s'x61 .
"\n", "-");
foreach my $hotspot (@
scan_results) {
print sprintf("
%02d [% 8d%%] [% 32.32s] [%
7.7s]\n",
$hotspot>{Channel},
$hotspot>{Quality},
$hotspot>{SSID},
$hotspot>{Crypted});
}
#
sleep 1;
}

,
. :
./wifiscan.pl wlan2

USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

62
62

U ser
And

LINUX

:
Ch [ Quality] [
SSID] [ Crypt]
-----------------------------------------------------------01 [
93%] [
Yuldash House] [
on]
02 [
94%] [
serr_dom] [
on]
04 [
94%] [
home-of-moose] [
on]
06 [
93%] [
wifi.tattele.com] [
off]
06 [
93%] [
KEENETIC 4G] [
on]
06 [
94%] [
MTS_
telefon_2-65-60-30] [
on]

s eortvheerrs
06 [
94%] [
home.net] [
on]
08 [
93%] [
YOTA] [
on]
10 [
93%] [
Estucador] [
on]
10 [
93%] [
DIR-300NRUB6] [
on]

-
.

.

ylsoftware.com

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)
v12.10(5)

63
63

U ser
And

LINUX

C y b esreCrrviemres

Linux-,


Symantec
GNU/Linux.
, ,
read, EVP_CipherInit, fork ioctl. ,
sshd,
.
,
,
, .
,
.
,
,
":!;.", .

Blowfish Base64.
, ,

ualinux.com

shell-
.
, , email-.
,
SSH- ,
.


":!;." .
, .

sshd , "key=",
"dhost=", "hbt=3600", "sp=", "sk=" "dip=".
, , . ,

, , .

opennet.ru

USER v14.03(7)

64

U ser
And

C y b esreCrrviemres

LINUX

Ettercap , GTK
(GUI), .

Ettercap
MITM ( " "),
,

...
ualinux.com

Ettercap ,

( Telnet, FTP,
POP3, IMAP, SMB, HTTP ),

.

USER v14.03(7)

65

U ser
And

LINUX

C y b esreCrrviemres

Ettercap
ARP-spoofing
( ).
,
(root), log- (
, , ), Ettercap
:
/etc/ettercap.conf

zenway.ru
ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

66

U ser
And

C y b esreCrrviemres

LINUX

:

, IT-
. ,
, . , Linux-
.

-
(
"spoof", ).
,
IP-. ,

. 1.

1: Ethernet- IP-

ualinux.com

, Ethernet ,
, MAC- , ,
(preambles) .
TCP/IP, TCP- IP-
Ethernet-. TCP-
, , IP-
. OSI
.
,
TCP/IP
(SYN,
SYN-ACK, ACK).

,


.
USER v14.03(7)

67

U ser
And

LINUX

FIN/FIN-ACK.
IP- ,
,

, . IP- IP-

, ,

;
, ,
2.

2:

,
, IP- ,
IP- , IP-
,


.
TCP/IP ,
ualinux.com

C y b esreCrrviemres
. , . ,
, , ,

, . ,
, ,
IP-
.
,
. ,
.
,
. , , ,
, 7 OSI,


.

,
, , Web- .

,
USER v14.03(7)

68

U ser
And

LINUX

telnet
Web-, , Web-
,
.
,

;


,

.
. ,

,
: , - .
, , TCP .
,

. ,

,
,
ualinux.com

C y b esreCrrviemres
,
, - .
,
, ACK-,
.
,
,
. ,


.
,
IP-
.

Web-, HTTP-
IP. ,
. ,


.



,
USER v14.03(7)

69

U ser
And

LINUX

. "" ("blind" spofing)

"" ("non-blind" spoofing).
,
,

.
, ,
.
,

. ,
,
, .
,
.

(man-in-the-middle),
.

, ,
, , TCP.

ualinux.com

C y b esreCrrviemres

(IP port spoofing)


NAT , . ,
,

IP-.
.
,


.
ARP
(ARP spoofing)
,
IP-.
, ARP poisoning,
ARP MAC-
IP- .
, , ,
IP- MAC. .
, ,
USER v14.03(7)

70

U ser
And

LINUX

,
, .
DNS
(DNS spoofing)
DNS
poisoning .

,
,
IP-.
, Web- email .
IP-,
.

, ,
.
Email- Web-
(Email and Web spoofing)
7 OSI, , , Web-
.
( ) .
,
,
.

ualinux.com

C y b esreCrrviemres
,


,
,
, .
,
, 2 OSI,
, , ,
, .


.
,
ACK-.

SYN-,
.


IP- , IP-
.
,

USER v14.03(7)

71

U ser
And

LINUX

.
, :
IP-
,
,
.
Linux
, , (source address
verification). ,

, ,
,
. ,
, Ubuntu CentOS, , ,

, .
hosts.conf nospoof on ,
.

Linux
arpwatch, .

C y b esreCrrviemres
IP MAC-,
.



.

, .
,

. ,

.
,

IT-


.
IT-.

rus-linux.net

ualinux.com

USER v14.03(7)

72