TO CREATE A NEW TABLE:

SYNTAX:

Create Table < Table_Name > (< Column_name_1 > Datatype ( size ) , < Column_name_2
> Datatype(size) ,�) ;

EXAMPLE:

Create Table Student ( Stu_id int , Stu_name varchar( 25 ) , DOB

varchar( 20 ) , Stu_marks int ) ;

Table created.

STU_ID STU_NAME DOB STU_MARKS

TO INSERT INTO A TABLE:

SYNTAX:

Insert into < Table_name > ( < Column_name_1 > , < Column_name_2 > , � )
Values ( Expression) ;
EXAMPLE:

Insert Into Student ( Stu_id , Stu_name , DOB , Stu_marks ) Values ( 1 , ' Reetika
Kaul ' , '17 Aug 1988 ' , 70 ) ;

1 row created.

STU_ID STU_NAME DOB STU_MARKS

1 Reetika Kaul 17 Aug 1988 70

VIEWING DATA STORED IN A TABLE:

1. ALL COLUMNS, ALL ROWS.

SYNTAX:

Select * From < Table_name >;

EXAMPLE:

Select * From Student;

STU_ID STU_NAME DOB S
STU_MARKS

1 Reetika Kaul 17 Aug 1988 70

2 Kiran Nagar 13 Jan 1990 50
3 Vineet 10 Jul 1989 73
4 Kishan 24 Dec 1988 65
5 Vineet 10 Jul 1989 73
6 Kiran Nagar 13 Jan 1990 50
7 Vipin 15 Jul 1987 4
40

2. SELECTED COLUMNS, ALL ROWS.

S

S
SYNTAX:

Select ( <Column_name_1> , <Column_name_2> , �) From <Table_name> ;

E
EXAMPLE:

Select (Stu_id , Stu_name ) From Student ;

S

STU_ID STU_NAME
1 Reetika Kaul
R
2 Kiran Nagar
3 Vineet
4 Kishan
5 Vineet
6 Kiran Nagar
7 Vipin

3. ALL COLUMNS , SELECTED ROWS.

A

SYNTAX:

Select * From <Table_name> Where (Search Condition) ;

EXAMPLE:

Select * From Student Where (Stu_marks > 50 ) ;

S

STU_ID STU_NAME DOB STU_MARKS

1 Reetika Kaul 17 Aug 1988 70
3 Vineet 10 Jul 1989 73
4 Kishan 24 Dec 1988 65
5 Vineet 10 Jul 1989
7
73
4. SELECTED COLUMNS, SELECTED ROWS.

SYNTAX :

Select ( <Column_name_1> , <Column_name_2> , � ) From <Table_name>

Where ( Search Condition ) ;
EXAMPLE:

Select (Stu_id , Stu_name ) From Student Where ( Stu_marks > 50 ) ;

STU_ID STU_NAME

1 Reetika Kaul
3 Vineet
4 Kishan
5 Vineet

ELIMINATION OF DUPLICATES USING SLECT STATEMENT :

1. ALL COLUMNS :

SYNTAX :

Select Distinct * From <Table_name> ;

EXAMPLE :

SQL> Select Distinct * From Student ;

STU_ID STU_NAME DOB STU_MARKS

1 Reetika Kaul 17 Aug 1988 70

2 Kiran Nagar 13 Jan 1990 50
3 Vineet 10 Jul 1989 73
4 Kishan 24 Dec 1988 65
7 Vipin 15 Jul 1987 40

2. SELECTED COLUMNS

SYNTAX :

SQL>Select Distinct ( <Column_name_1> , <Column_name_2> ,�) From

<Table_name> ;

EXAMPLE :
SQL> Select Distinct (Stu_id , Stu_name) From Student ;

STU_ID STU_NAME

1 Reetika Kaul
2 Kiran Nagar
3 Vineet
4 Kishan
7 Vipin

SORTING DATA IN A TABLE :

SYNTAX:

SQL>Select * From <Table_name> order by <Column_name_1>,<Column_name_2>,� <[Sort

order]>;

SORTING IN ASCENDING ORDER

EXAMPLE:
SQL> Select * From Student order by Stu_name ;
STU_ID STU_NAME DOB STU_MARKS
2 Kiran Nagar 13 Jan 1990 50
4 Kishan 24 Dec 1988 65
1 Reetika Kaul 17 Aug 1988 70
3 Vineet 10 Jul 1989 73
7 Vipin 15 Jul 1987 40

SORTING IN DESCENDING ORDER

EXAMPLE:
SQL> Select * From Student order by Stu_name Desc ;
STU_ID STU_NAME DOB STU_MARKS
7 Vipin 15 Jul 1987 40
3 Vineet 10 Jul 1989 73
1 Reetika Kaul 17 Aug 1988 70
4 Kishan 24 Dec 1988 65
2 Kiran Nagar 13 Jan 1990 50

CREATING A TABLE FROM ANOTHER TABLE :

SYNTAX:

SQL>Create Table <Target_Table_name> (<Column_name_1>,<Column_name_2>,�)

As Select <Column_name_1>,<Column_name_2>,� From <Sorce_Table_name> ;
CREATING TARGET TABLE WITHOUT OLD RECORDS

EXAMPLE:

SQL>Create Table Student_info (S_no , Name , Birthday)

As Select Stu_id , Stu_name , DOB From Student
Where (Stu_id==0);

S_NO NAME BIRTHDAY

CREATING TARGET TABLE WITHOUT OLD RECORDS

EXAMPLE:
SQL>Create Table Stu_info (S_no , Name , Birthday)
As Select Stu_id , Stu_name , DOB From Student ;

S_NO NAME BIRTHDAY

1 Reetika Kaul 17 Aug 1988

2 Kiran Nagar 13 Jan 1990
3 Vineet 10 Jul 1989
4 Kishan 24 Dec 1988
7 Vipin 15 Jul 1987
INSERTING DATA INTO TABLE FROM ANOTHER TABLE:

SYNTAX:

SQL>Insert Into <Target_Table_name> Select <Column_name_1>, <Column_name_2>,�

From <Sorce_Table_name> ;

EXAMPLE:
SQL>Insert Into Student_info Select Stu_id , Stu_name , DOB From Student ;

S_NO NAME BIRTHDAY

1 Reetika Kaul 17 Aug 1988

2 Kiran Nagar 13 Jan 1990
3 Vineet 10 Jul 1989
4 Kishan 24 Dec 1988
7 Vipin 15 Jul 1987
INSERT ING A DATASET INO A TABLE FROM ANOTHER TABLE
SYNTAX:

SQL>Insert Into <Target_Table_name> Select <Column_name_1>, <Column_name_2>,�

From <Sorce_Table_name> Where( Condition);

EXAMPLE:
SQL>Insert Into Student_info Select Stu_id , Stu_name , DOB From Student
Where ( Stu_marks > 50 ) ;

S_NO NAME BIRHDAY

1 Reetika Kaul 17 Aug 1988

3 Vineet 10 Jul 1989

4 Kishan 24 Dec 1988
5 Vineet 10 Jul 1989

DELETE OPERATIONS :

1. REMOVAL OF ALL ROWS.

SYNTAX:
Delete from <Table_name>;

EXAMPLE:
Delete From Stu_info;

S_NO NAME BIRTHDAY

2. REMOVAL OF SPECIFIC ROWS.

SYNTAX:
Delete From <Table_name> Where (Condition) ;

EXAMPLE:
Delete From Student_info Where (S_no>=5);

S_NO NAME BIRHDAY

1 Reetika Kaul 17 Aug 1988

3 Vineet 10 Jul 1989

4 Kishan 24 Dec 1988

3. REMOVAL OF SPECIFIC ROWS BASED ON DATA HELD BY THE OTHER TABLE.

EXAMPLE:
Delete from student

create table ka (name varchar(20), rol_no int ,marks int);

insert into reetika(marks) values(90) where name='Reetika';
select * from reetika;
update reetiika set name='KIRAN' where rol_no=1;
rename reetiika to KIRN;
1 row created.

SQL> update retik set name='KIRAN' where rol_no=1;

1 row updated.

SQL> select * from retik;

NAME ROL_NO MARKS

-------------------- ---------- ----------
KIRAN 1 99
reetika 2 98
neha 3 98

SQL> rename retik to KIRN;

Table renamed.
SQL> select * from KIRN;

NAME ROL_NO MARKS

-------------------- ---------- ----------
KIRAN 1 99
reetika 2 98
neha 3 98

SQL> drop table KIRN;

Table dropped.

SQL> select * from KIRN;

select * from KIRN

(select name from reetiika)

intersection

(select rol_no, name from kishan)

except
(select rol_no, name from reetiika);

SQL> select * from reetika;

NAME ROLLNO ADDRESS

---------- ---------- --------------------
Reetika 531503107 Dwarka
Kiran 61503107 Karol Bagh
Vineet 11503107 rkfhekruh
Reetika 531503107 Dwarka
Kiran 61503107 Karol Bagh

SQL> select * from reetika where address like 'Ka%';

NAME ROLLNO ADDRESS

---------- ---------- --------------------
Kiran 61503107 Karol Bagh
Kiran 61503107 Karol Bagh

SQL> select * from reetika where name like '_i%';

NAME ROLLNO ADDRESS

---------- ---------- --------------------
Kiran 61503107 Karol Bagh
Vineet 11503107 rkfhekruh
Kiran 61503107 Karol Bagh

SQL> select name from reetika where address in('Karol Bagh', 'Dwarka');

NAME
----------
Reetika
Kiran
Reetika
Kiran

SQL> select name from reetika where address not in ('Dwarka');

NAME
----------
Kiran
Vineet
Kiran

SQL> select 2*2 from dual;

2*2
----------
4

SQL> select 2*2 "Product" from dual;

Product
----------
4

SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
---------
24-SEP-09

SQL> alter table reetika add marks int;

Table altered.

SQL> select * from reetika;

NAME ROLLNO ADDRESS MARKS

---------- ---------- -------------------- ----------
Reetika 531503107 Dwarka
Kiran 61503107 Karol Bagh
Vineet 11503107 rkfhekruh
Reetika 531503107 Dwarka
Kiran 61503107 Karol Bagh

SQL> insert into reetika(marks) values(90);

1 row created.
SQL> select * from reetika;

NAME ROLLNO ADDRESS MARKS

---------- ---------- -------------------- ----------
Reetika 531503107 Dwarka
Kiran 61503107 Karol Bagh
Vineet 11503107 rkfhekruh
Reetika 531503107 Dwarka
Kiran 61503107 Karol Bagh
90

6 rows selected.

SQL> select abs(-5) "Absolute" from dual;

Absolute
----------
5

SQL> select power(2,3) "Power" from dual;

Power
----------
8

SQL> select round(15.987776784,3) from dual;

ROUND(15.987776784,3)
---------------------
15.988

SQL> select round(13.848585686,5) "Round" from dual;

Round
----------
13.84859

SQL> select sqrt(256) "Square root " from dual;

Square root
------------
16

(select name from reetiika)

intersection

(select rol_no, name from kishan)

except
(select rol_no, name from reetiika);