Biology Variety of Living Organisms Revision Guide

The 6
Kingdoms

Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protoctists
Bacteria
Viruses

Plant Animal Fungi
Feature of
Cells
Chloroplasts,
Vacuole, Cell
Wall
Doesnt have
these
Doesnt have
chloroplasts (cannot
photosynthesize),
Have Cell walls made
up out of Chitin.
Nutrition Photosynthesis,
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
= feeds on
others
Saprotrophic
Singular or
Multicellular
Multi Multi Most Multi, Yeast is
Unicellular
How do they
store
Glucose
In form of
starch in fruits
or organs.
Muscles Glycogen
Size of Cells 50-100
micrometers
5-10
micrometers
1-10 micrometers


Fungal Feeding

1. Spores land on food
2. Reproduce and Grow
3. Hyphae spread out across surface of
food
4. The Hyphae form a Mycelium
5. Hyphae releases digestive enzymes
which break down the nutrients of the
food into soluble particles
6. Then the Hyphae absorbs the broken
down nutrients.
What Makes a
Yeast Cell
Different to a plant
Cell?

-Large Surface
Area
-Cell Wall made of
Chitin
-Much Smaller
than plant Cell












































M
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R
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b
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I
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t
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M
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H
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V
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C
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C
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W
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C
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M
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b
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C
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S
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G
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Bacteria Protoctists Viruses
Feature of
Cells
- Instead of having
a nucleus it has
- Circular
chromosome DNA
and Plasmids.
- Slime Capsule.
- Flagella
- Cell Membrane
- Cell wall made of
Peptidoglycan.
- Have to have a
nucleus
- Can have a
flagella
- Wide variety:
Some have
chloroplasts etc.
- Mostly live in
water
- Have starch
grains.
- Genetic material
surrounded by
protein coat.
- Parasite
-Doesnt do most of
Mrs. Grenc
- One of the smallest
organism
Shapes Spheres =>
Chains, Pairs
Rods => Singles,
chains
Spirals
All types of shapes
(similar to those of
Bacteria)
Varied
Movement Flagella (some
have some dont)
Flagella (some
have some dont)
Cannot move on
their own
Nutrition Feed on dead or
decaying things
(heterotrophic)
Some autotrophic
some heterotrophic
They dont feed
Unicellular or
Multicellular
Unicellular Both Unicellular
How do they
store glucose
- - -
Size of Cells (1-5 m) (1-15m) 20-300nm
Examples - Lactobacillus
Bulgaricus.
Use full (good)
bacteria to
make milk into
yoghurt.
- Pneumococcus
a pathogenic
bacterium
causing
Pneumonia.

- Amoeba, a
protozoan that
lives in ponds
- Chlorella,
unicellular
freshwater
algae. It has a
spherical shape.
- Plasmodium.
Can cause
disease such as
Malaria
- HIV, Produces
white blood cells,
affects our
immune system
- Tobacco Masaic
Virus, prevents
the plant from
making
chlorophyll,
creates yellow
blotches on
leaves
- Influenza virus, flu



Reproduction of viruses


Bacteria Cell















Protoctist Cell



Virus Cell