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A STUDY ON INVESTOR’S PERCEPTION
TOWARDS ONLINE TRADING
BY
ANKEM LAKSHMI PRADEEP
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
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INTRODUCTION
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Literature Review
“Marketing management 12e-Analysing consumer markets” by Philip
Kotler states that perceptions are more important than reality and it affects the
consumers actual behaviour.Perception is defined as the process by which an
individual selects,organizes,and interprets information inputs to create a
meaningful picture of the world.
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In September 2006, “Effective executive” special edition speaks about
understanding customers perception to get a distinctive competitive advantage in
the market.
Trading:
Trading is defined as buying and selling shares in stock exchange. There are two
types of trading i.e. Online trading(via internet) and Offline trading(via broker or
call).
Online Trading:
Online trading refers to trading via the internet .The onset of online trading
changed the traditional value proposition of trading ,allowing online brokers to
supply investors with rich ,interactive information in real time including market
updates ,investment research and robust analytics. The result is an integrated
trading experience that combines execution with interactive analysis shown by the
growth of the online customer community from a mere 23000 average trades on
NSE per day in a year 2000 to over 52000 average trades in 2002.
1 Time:
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Customers can trade online with a real time basis and buying and selling of
shares happens with a press of a button.
2 Flexibility:
Customers can modify the placing orders according to the market
movements.
3 Standardized Procedure:
When the order is accepted by the exchange ,it will give pay-in and pay-out
dates and customer can easily expect the cash or shares to be credited to his
account.
4 One stop shop:
Bank statements and transaction statements can be viewed at the click of a
button.
5 Informed Research:
Service providers carry stock analysis like intraday and EOD(End of day)
technical charting which helps the customer to make right choices
6 Flexibility of timing
Customers can place orders before start of a trading session.
1 Limited Knowledge:
In online terminal, investor can’t get customized expert advice, whereas
in offline the broker gives suggestions according to investors strategy (i.e.
short term or long-term)
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3 Privacy is less due to hacking scandals
1 Trading in shares
1 Spot Trading: When an investor is looking at an immediate liquidity
option . ‘Cash on spot’, money is credited to his bank a/c the same evening
and not on the exchange pay-out date. This money can then be withdrawn
from any of bank ATMs.
2 BTST: Buy today and sell tomorrow is a facility that allows investor to
sell shares even one day after the buy order date ,without investor having to
wait for the receipt of shares into his demat a/c.
3 Trading on NSE/BSE: Through some of the service providers, we can
trade on both NSE and BSE
4 Margin Trading :Investor can trade an intra-settlement trading up to
4 times of the investor’s available funds ,wherein investor take long
buy/short sell positions in stocks with the intention of squaring off the
position within the same settlement cycle.
2 Investing in Mutual funds: Some of the major service providers bring the same
convenience while investing in Mutual Funds as well as Hassle free and paperless
investing.
Once the investor place a request for investing in a particular fund, there are no
manual process involved .Investor’s funds are automatically debited or credited
while simultaneously crediting or debiting investors unit holdings.
3 Derivatives:
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Futures: Through online trading service providers, one can trade in index and
stock futures on the NSE. In futures trading, investor takes buy/sell positions in
index or stocks contracts having a long contract period of up to 3 months.
Options: Through online trading service providers ,one can trade in index and
stock options.
4 IPO’s Online: Investors could also invest in Initial Public Offers(IPO’s) online
without going through the hassles of filling any application form/paperwork. They
can get in-depth analysis of new IPO’s issues (Initial Public Offerings) that are
likely to hit the market and analysis on these. IPO calendar ,recent IPO listings,
prospectus/offer documents ,and IPO analysis are also provided.
5 Other services: Displaying indices of major world markets, nifty futures, daily
share prices of all scrip’s ,monthly and yearly highs/lows of share prices are listed,
technical charts of intraday and EOD(End of Day) are also provided. Company
profiles, breaking news and snapshots of latest developments in the market are
displayed in the website.
The major internet service trading providers in the Indian markets are Religare,
HDFC, ICICIdirect, Share khan and India bulls. The major comparative analysis
parameters taken by customers are a/c opening charges, brokerage and annual
charges.
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the rapid pace of technological improvements and innovations also held the
promise of greater acceptance of the digital medium by consumers.
Understanding online Investors perception is a major marketing challenge in
financial service sector because lack of awareness in the minds of customers about
the emerging financial service products, frequent scams , privacy and non-
compliance of rules etc. in the financial service industry is resulting in the loss of
confidence of the investors. Interference of regulatory bodies like SEBI and often
changes in the guidelines and policies of these regulatory bodies. Confused
government policies with regarding to tax and legal issues also affect marketing of
the financial products.
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chart data when making investing decisions more frequently , and tend to choose
stocks to buy and sell on their own.
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FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR
INTRODUCTION:
Financial services are vital tools of machinery for economy and they lubricate
the wheels of economic development. In advanced nations, giant economies like
USA,UK,Japan,etc..,.major portion of the national income is accounted from the
services sector and minimum from the product sector.
Indian economy has undergone a sea change in its structure, policy and
regulation, due to liberalization and globalization, since 1991.Markets for services
are no exception to this. The contribution of service sector (including financial
services sector) for GDP has increased to 51% in 2003,from 36 % in 1980.The
financial service sector include factoring, merchant banking, venture capital ,etc.
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to by financial services industry are innovative and paving ways for vivid
opportunities for further economic development.
60
50
40
% of share
India
30
China
20
10
0
1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
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financial sector has gone through a complex and sometimes painful process of
restructuring, capitalizing on new opportunities as well as responding to new
Challenges. During the last decade, there has been a broadening and deepening of
financial markets. Several new instruments and products have been introduced.
Existing sectors have been opened to new private players. This has given a strong
impetus to the development and modernization of the financial sector. New
players have adopted international best practices and modern technology to offer a
more sophisticated range of financial services to corporate and retail customers.
This process has clearly improved the range of financial services and service
providers available to Indian customers.
The entry of new players has led to even existing players upgrading their product
offerings and distribution channels. This continued to be witnessed in 2002-03
across key sectors like commercial banking and insurance, where private players
achieved significant success.
These changes have taken place against a wider systemic backdrop of easing
of controls on interest rates and their realignment with market rates, gradual
reduction in resource pre-emption by the government, relaxation of
stipulations on concessional lending and removal of access to concessional
resources for financial institutions. Over the past few years, the sector has also
witnessed substantial progress in regulation and supervision. Financial
intermediaries have gradually moved to internationally acceptable norms for
income recognition, asset classification, and provisioning and capital adequacy.
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Reforms, particularly the establishment and empowerment of securities and
Exchange Board of India (SEBI), market-determined prices and allocation of
resources, screen-based nation-wide trading,dematerialisation and electronic
transfer of securities, rolling settlement and derivatives trading have greatly
improved both the regulatory framework and efficiency of trading and
settlement.
On account of the subdued global economic conditions and the impact on the
Indian economy of the drought conditions prevailing in the country, 2002-03 was
a subdued year for equity markets. Despite this, the National Stock Exchange
(NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) ranked
third and sixth respectively among all exchanges in the world with respect to the
number of transactions. The year also witnessed the grant of approval for setting
up of a multicommodity exchange for trading of various commodities.
The US$ 28 billion Indian financial sector has grown at around 15 per cent and
has displayed stability for the last several years, even when other markets in the
Asian region were facing a crisis. This stability was ensured through the resilience
that has been built into the system over time. The financial sector has kept pace
with the growing needs of corporate and other borrowers. Banks, capital market
participants and insurers have developed a wide range of products and services to
suit varied customer requirements. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has
successfully introduced a regime where interest rates are more in line with market
forces.
Financial institutions have combated the reduction in interest rates and pressure on
their margins by constantly innovating and targeting attractive consumer
segments. Banks and trade financiers have also played an important role in
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promoting foreign trade of the country. Here we will study the three industries
with respect to India.
The insurance sector in India has come a full circle from being an open
competitive market to nationalization and back to a liberalized market again.
Tracing the developments in the Indian insurance sector reveals the 360 degree
turn witnessed over a period of almost two centuries.
Some of the important milestones in the general insurance business in India are:
1907: The Indian Mercantile Insurance Ltd. set up, the first company to transact
all classes of general insurance business.
1957: General Insurance Council, a wing of the Insurance Association of India,
frames a code of conduct for ensuring fair conduct and sound business practices.
1968: The Insurance Act amended to regulate investments and set minimum
solvency margins and the Tariff Advisory Committee set up.
1972: The General Insurance Business (Nationalization) Act, 1972 nationalized
the general insurance business in India with effect from 1st January 1973.
107 insurers amalgamated and grouped into four companies viz.
the National
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Insurance Company Ltd., the New India Assurance Company Ltd.,
the
Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. and the United India Insurance
Company
Ltd. GIC incorporated as a company.
Let us start the discussion of the performance of mutual funds in India from the
day the concept of mutual fund took birth in India. The year was 1963. Unit Trust
of India invited investors or rather to those who believed in savings, to park their
money in UTI Mutual Fund.
For 30 years it goaled without a single second player. Though the 1988 year saw
some new mutual fund companies, but UTI remained in a monopoly position.
The performance of mutual funds in India in the initial phase was not even closer
to satisfactory level. People rarely understood, and of course investing was out of
question. But yes, some 24 million shareholders was accustomed with guaranteed
high returns by the beginning of liberalization of the industry in 1992. This good
record of UTI became marketing tool for new entrants. The expectations of
investors touched the sky in profitability factor. However, people were miles away
from the preparedness of risks factor after the liberalization.
The Assets Under Management of UTI was Rs. 67bn. by the end of 1987. Let me
concentrate about the performance of mutual funds in India through figures. From
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Rs. 67bn. the Assets Under Management rose to Rs. 470 bn. in March 1993 and
the figure had a three times higher performance by April 2004. It rose as high as
Rs.1,540bn.
The net asset value (NAV) of mutual funds in India declined when stock prices
started falling in the year 1992. Those days, the market regulations did not allow
portfolio shifts into alternative investments. There were rather no choice apart
from holding the cash or to further continue investing in shares. One more thing to
be noted, since only closed-end funds were floated in the market, the investors
disinvested by selling at a loss in the secondary market.
The performance of mutual funds in India suffered qualitatively. The 1992 stock
market scandal, the losses by disinvestments and of course the lack of transparent
rules in the whereabouts rocked confidence among the investors. Partly owing to a
relatively weak stock market performance, mutual funds have not yet recovered,
with funds trading at an average discount of 1020 percent of their net asset value.
The measure was taken to make mutual funds the key instrument for long-term
saving. The more the variety offered, the quantitative will be investors.
At last to mention, as long as mutual fund companies are performing with lower
risks and higher profitability within a short span of time, more and more people
will be inclined to invest until and unless they are fully educated with the dos and
don’ts of mutual funds.
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DEMAT ACCOUNT AND INDIA
There are quite a few institutions that are directly and/or indirectly connected with
dematerialized operations of securities. Understanding the inter-linkages and
functional responsibilities of these institutions will help us to have correct and
holistic perspective about functioning of dematerialization. The institutions
connected with demat operations include; a) Depositories, b) Stock Exchanges
(SEs), c) Clearing Corporations (CCs) / Clearing Houses (CHs), d) Depository
Participants (DPs), e) Registrars and Transfer Agents (RTAs). Both the
depositories NSDL and CDSL are primarily promoted by the two leading stock
exchanges viz., National Stock Exchange of India Ltd (NSE) and The Stock
Exchange, Mumbai (BSE) respectively. Besides, there are many other institutional
promoters in both the depositories. Both are registered as organizations-for-profit
and professionally managed. Inter-connectivity between these two depositories has
been established, thus DPs and investors can transfer smoothly their shares from
one account to another between the depositories. Most of the stock exchanges are
connected with the depositories to provide trading in dematerialization segment.
Eventually, all the exchanges will be connected to either of or both the
depositories. Resultantly, functioning of exchanges altered with the
commencement of depositories; shorter trade cycles, negligible bad-deliveries,
immediate transfer of beneficial ownership and lower transaction costs. An in-
depth study on transaction cost for equity shares in India by Raju (2000) revealed
substantial decrease in transaction costs and observed that the dematerialization as
one of the important factor for this trend.
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Motilal Oswal Securities
Religare Securities Ltd.
Geojit Securities
HDFC Securities
Others
24%
ICICIdirect
ICICIdirect India Bulls
50% Others
India Bulls
26%
Online trading has gained momentum from just 0.5% of total traded volumes 5
Yrs back, which now account for 5% of total trading volume of approximately Rs
14000 Cr. On Once-Over the past two years ,the value of all trades executed
through internet on NSE has grown from less than Rs 100 Cr in June 2003 to over
Rs 700 Cr in June 2005.Online trading is growing by 150 % per annum.Now NSE
has 108 registered brokers and 1.053 million internet trading subscribers.
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been able to gain its dominant presence in Internet trading because they have
strong connectivity of stock trading,demat account, bank account ,etc.ICICIDirect
has recorded 6,75,000 registered customers and has become 10th largest online
broker in US whereas share khan and 5paisa are loosing their way.
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Company profile
Religare Securities Ltd.
Religare’s retail network spreads across the length and breadth of the country with
its presence through more than 900 locations across more than 300 cities and
towns. Having spread itself fairly well across the country and with the promise of
not resting on its laurels, it has also aggressively started eyeing global
geographies.
Vision
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To build Religare as a globally trusted brand in the financial services domain and
present it as the ‘Investment Gateway of India’
Mission
Providing financial care driven by the core values of diligence and transparency.
Brand Essence
KEY PERSONS
Mr. Sunil Godhwani - CEO & Managing Director, Religare Enterprises Limited
Mr. Anil Saxena - Group Chief Financial Officer, Religare Enterprises Limited
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Equity & Derivative
Trading
Lending Services Institutional Distribution
Services
Insurance Broking
Depository
Services
Private Equity
Commodities
Internet Broking
Trading Services
International
Investment
Wealth Equity &
Banking
Management Commodities
Services
The Client Service Manager will be responsible for all aspects of client reporting
for institutional investment clients and industry organizations. The candidate will
also be responsible for client servicing which includes working with clients,
internal groups and UK based portfolio management.
DEPOSITORY SERVICES
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depository also transfers your securities without actually handling securities, in the
same
day as a bank transfers funds without actually handling cash.
INVESTMENT BANKING
Investment banks need a partner who can work in market-time to address all these
business challenges.
INSURANCE BROKING
The term Insurance Broker became a regulated term under the Insurance Brokers
(Registration) Act 1977which was designed to thwart the bogus practices of firms
holding themselves as brokers but in fact acting as representative of one or more
favoured insurance companies.
Insurance brokerage is largely associated with general insurance (car, house etc.)
rather than life insurance, although some brokers continued to provide investment
and life insurance brokerage until the onset of more onerous Financial Services
Authority regulation in 2001.
Insurance broking is carried out today by many types of organizations including
traditional brokerages, Independent Financial Advisers (IFAs) and telephone or
web-based firms.
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SWOT ANALYSIS OF RELIGARE
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESS
• It has changed its name from FORTIS to RELIGARE where the maximum
OPPORTUNITY
THREATS
• Cut-throat competition from corporate big houses like Reliance and ICICI
• As they have changed the name of their company the customer still did not
know about RELIGARE.
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Religare products are well known for Online Trading ,Offline Trading,
Portfolio Management Services , Commodity Trading and Intuitional Broking
services.
2. DEPOSITORIES:
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• Religare is among the few major Depository Participants holding securities
worth more than Rs.6000 crores under its management. RSL provides
depository services to investors as a Depository Participant with NSDL and
CDSL.
• The Depository system in India links issuers, depository participants,
depositories National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central
Depository Services (India) Limited (CDSL) and clearing house / clearing
corporation of stock exchanges. These facilitate holding of securities in
dematerialized form and securities transactions are processed by means of
account transfers.
3. PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT:
SCHEMES:
Panther
The Panther portfolio aims to achieve higher returns by taking aggressive
positions across sectors and market capitalizations. It is suitable for the “High risk
high return” investor with a strategy to invest across sectors and take advantage of
various market conditions.
Tortoise
The Tortoise portfolio aims to achieve growth in the portfolio value over a period
of time by way of careful and judicious investment in fundamentally sound
companies having good prospects. The scheme is suitable for the “Medium Risk
Medium Return” investor with a strategy to invest in companies which have
consistency in earnings, growth and financial performances.
Elephant
The Elephant portfolio aims to generate steady returns over a longer period by
investing in securities selected only from BSE 100 and NSE 100 index. This plan
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is suitable for the “Low Risk Low Return” investor with a strategy to invest in
blue chip companies, as these companies have steady performance.
Caterpillar
The Caterpillar portfolio aims to achieve capital appreciation over a long period of
time by investing in a diversified portfolio. The investment strategy would be to
invest in scrips which are poised to get a re-rating either because of change in
business, potential fancy for a particular sector in the coming years/months,
business diversification leading to a better operating performance, stocks in their
early stages of an upturn or for those which are in sectors currently ignored by the
market.
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