Chapter3

Instructionsetandexecutionin8085

SolutionstoThinkAndAnswerExercises:
1. ComparetheinstructionsCALLandPUSH.
CALLinstructionsstorethecontentsoftheprogramcountertothestackandloadtheaddress
givenintheinstructiontotheprogramcounter.But,thePUSHinstructionwillstorethe
contentsoftheregisterspecifiedintheinstructiontothestack.Correspondingly,both
instructionswillaffectthestackpointercontents.
2. Whatisthedifferencebetweentheshiftandrotateinstructions?
Shiftinstructionsareusedtojustshiftthedataintheaccumulatorrightshiftingmaydestroy
theleastsignificantbitsandleftshiftingmaydestroythemostsignificantbits.Rotate
instructionsontheotherhandwillmovethedatabitsaroundtheaccumulator.So,theright
rotatemaymovetheleastsignificantbittomostsignificantpositionandviceversa.
3. Howmanyaddresslinesarethereina4096x8EPROMchip?
The4096x8EPROMchiphas4096locationsandsohas2
12
locations.So,12addresslinesare
required.
4. ExplainthedifferencebetweentheinstructionsJMPandCALL.
JMPinstructionsdonotstorethecontentsoftheprogramcountertothestackandsoreturning
thenextinstructionisnotpossible.ButCALLinstructionsstorethecontentsoftheprogram
countertothestackandsotheexecutionofRETinstructionlaterwillmaketheprocessor
executetheinstructionfollowingtheCALLinstruction.
5. IftheinstructionsCALLandRETwerenotavailableinthe8085,woulditstillbepossibletowrite
subroutines?Howwouldthesubroutinebecalled?Howwouldonereturntothemainprogram?
Ifthecallinstructionsarenotavailable,thenwehavetousethePUSHinstructiontostorethe
programcountercontentsontothestackfollowedbytheJMPinstruction.
Similarly,iftheRETinstructionisnotavailable,thenwehavetousethePOPinstructiontoload
thetopofthestacktotheProgramcounter.
6. Ifa5MHzcrystalisconnectedwiththe8085,whatwouldthesystemclockfrequencyand
durationofoneTstatebe?
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Kumar, Saravanan & Jeevananthan
Oxford University Press 2011
Thesystemclockfrequencywouldbehalfthecrystalfrequencyandsoitwouldbe2.5MHz.One
Tstatedurationwillbe0.4secs.
7. HowlongwouldtheprocessortaketoexecutetheinstructionLDA1753HiftheTstateduration
is2s?
LDA1753Hinstructionrequires13Tstates.So,thetimedurationforexecutionofthis
instructionis13*2s=26s.

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Kumar, Saravanan & Jeevananthan

Oxford University Press 2011