Istqb CTFL Syllabus 2011 Ru

Вам также может понравиться

Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 101

2011

International Software Testing Qualifications Board

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board


, .
International Software Testing Qualifications
Board ( ISTQB)
ISTQB International Software Testing
Qualifications Board.
2011 2011 ( (),
, , ,
)
2011 2011 (Thomas Mller (),
Debra Friedenberg ISTQB)
2010 2010 (Thomas Mller (),
Armin Beer, Martin Klonk, Rahul Verma)
2007 2007 (Thomas Mller (),
Dorothy Graham, Debra Friedenberg Erik van Veendendaal)
2005, (Thomas Mller (), Rex Black, Sigrid
Eldh, Dorothy Graham, Klaus Olsen, Maaret Pyhjrvi, Geoff Thompson Erik van
Veendendaal).
.
International Software Testing Qualifications Board
( ISTQB). ( ) ISTQB
( )
:

, ISTQB
,

,
ISTQB.

,
ISTQB
, ISTQB,
( ) .

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

2 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

RSTQB 2011

13 2011

ISTQB 2011

1 2011



. E
2011

ISTQB 2010

30 2010



. E
2010

RSTQB 2007

27 2007

ISTQB 2007

1 2007



. E
2007

ISTQB 2005

01 2005

ASQF V2.2

2003

ASQF
, , 2.2 Lehrplan
Grundlagen des Softwaretestens

ISEB V2.0

25 1999

ISEB
, , 2.0 25
1999

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

3 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

.............................................................................................................................. 7
........................................................................................... 8
.......................................................................................................... 8
........................................................ 8
/ ........................................................................ 8
.................................................................................................................................. 8
............................................................................................................................ 9
............................................................................................................... 9
...................................................................... 9
1
(K2) ................................................................................................. 11
1.1 (K2) ........................................................................ 12
1.1.1
(K1) ......................................... 12
1.1.2
(K2) ........................................ 12
1.1.3
,
(K2) ........................................................ 12
1.1.4
(K2) ............................................................................... 13
1.1.5
? (K2)................................................................. 13
1.2 ? (K2) ....................................................................................... 14
1.3 (K2) .............................................................................. 16
1.4 (K1) ........................................................................... 18
1.4.1
(K1) ................................................ 18
1.4.2
(K1) .................................................................. 19
1.4.3
(K1) ................................................................. 19
1.4.4
(K1)........................................................ 20
1.4.5
(K1) ....................................................... 20
1.5 (K2) ...................................................................................... 22
1.6 ................................................................................................................... 24
2
() (K2) ................................ 25
2.1 (K2) .......................................................................................... 27
2.1.1
V- ( ) (K2)...................................... 27
2.1.2
- (K2)............................................ 27
2.1.3
(K2) .................................................................... 28
2.2 (K2) ............................................................................................. 29
2.2.1
(K2) ......................................................................... 29
2.2.2
(K2) ..................................................................... 30
2.2.3
(K2).............................................................................. 31
2.2.4
(K2) ............................................................................ 32
2.3 (K2) ................................................................................................ 35
2.3.1
( ) (K2) ............................ 35
2.3.2
(
) (K2) ............................................................................................................. 36
2.3.3
/ (
) (K2) ............................................................................................................. 36
2.3.4
: (K2)37
2.4 (K2)................................................................ 38
3
(K2) ................................................................................................... 40
3.1 (2) ...................................................... 41
3.2 (K2) ....................................................................................... 42
3.2.1
() (K1) ........................................... 42
3.2.2
(K1) ...................................................................................... 43
3.2.3
(K2).................................................................................... 44
3.2.4
(K2) ................................................................... 45
3.3 (K2) ............................... 47
4
(K3) ................................................................................. 49
4.1 (K2) ................................................................................... 51
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

4 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

7
8

4.2 (2)........................................................... 53
4.3 , , (3) ................. 55
4.3.1
(3) ............................................................................. 55
4.3.2
(3) .......................................................................... 55
4.3.3
(3) ................................................................... 56
4.3.4
(3) ................................................................ 56
4.3.5
(2)................................................. 56
4.4 , (3) ........................... 58
4.4.1
(K3) .......................................................... 58
4.4.2
(3) ......................................................... 58
4.4.3
, (1)..................................................... 59
4.5 , (2) .............................................................................. 60
4.6 (K2)................................................................................ 61
(K3) ........................................................................................ 62
5.1 (K2) .................................................................................... 64
5.1.1
(K2) ............................................... 64
5.1.2
(K1) ................................... 65
5.2 (K3) .................................................................. 67
5.2.1
(K2) ......................................................................... 67
5.2.2
(K3) .................................................... 67
5.2.3
(K2) .............................................................................................. 68
5.2.4
(K2)............................................................................................ 68
5.2.5
(K2)..................................................................................... 68
5.2.6
, (K2) ........................................ 69
5.3 (K2) .................................................. 70
5.3.1
(K1) ............................................................ 70
5.3.2
(K2) ........................................................................ 70
5.3.3
(K2) ................................................................................. 71
5.4 (K2)................................................................................... 72
5.5 (K2) ............................................................................................ 73
5.5.1
(K2)................................................................................................. 73
5.5.2
(K2)............................................................................................... 74
5.6 (K3) ...................................................................................... 76
(K2) ............................................ 78
6.1 (2) ......................................................................... 79
6.1.1
(2) .................................................. 79
6.1.2
(2) ................................................ 80
6.1.3
(1) ............................. 80
6.1.4
(1) ..................................................... 81
6.1.5
(1)............................. 81
6.1.6
(1) ................................ 82
6.1.7
(1) ................................ 82
6.1.8
(1) ................ 83
6.2 : (K2)......... 84
6.2.1
(
) (K2)............................................................................................................... 84
6.2.2
(K1) .................. 85
6.3 (K1) ..................................... 87
................................................................................................................................ 89
.............................................................................................................................. 89
....................................................................................................................................... 89
A ............................................................................. 91
................................................................................................... 91
.................................................................................... 91
(
, 2001) ..................................................................................................... 91
............................................................................... 92
........ 92

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

5 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

B / ............................................................ 94
1: (K1) ..................................................................................................... 94
2: (K2)........................................................................................................... 94
3: (K3) .................................................................................................... 94
4: (K4).............................................................................................. 95
10
, ISTQB ....................................................... 96
................................................................................................ 96
10.1
.......................................................................................................... 96
10.2
.......................................................................... 96
10.3
........................................................................................................... 96
10.4
....................................................................................................... 97
10.5
....................................................................................................................... 97
.......................................................................................................... 97
11
D .......................................... 98
12
E .......................................................................................... 99
12.1
2010 ....................................................................................................... 99
12.2
2011 ..................................................................................................... 100

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

6 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

2011
Russian Software Testing Qualifications Board: (),
(), , ,
.
: , ,
, .
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board: Thomas Muller (),
Debra Friedenberg.
(Dan Almog, Armin Beer, Rex Black, Julie Gardiner,
Judy McKay, Tuula Pkknen, Eric Riou du Cosquier, Hans Shaefer, Stephanie Ulrich,
Erik van Veendendaal),
.
2010
International Software Testing Qualifications Board: Thomas Muller (),
Rahul Verma, Martin Klonk Armin Beer, (Rex Black,
Mette Bruhn-Pederson, Debra Friedenberg, Klaus Olsen, Tuula Pkknen, Meile
Posthuma, Hans Schaefer, Stephanie Ulrich, Pete Williams, Erik van Veendendaal)
.
2007
International Software Testing Qualifications Board: Thomas Muller (),
Dorothy Graham, Debra Friedenberg Erik van Veendendaal,
(Hans Schaefer, Stephanie Ulrich, Meile Posthuma, Anders Pettersson
Wonil Kwon) .
2005
International Software Testing Qualifications Board: Thomas Muller (),
Rex Black, Sigrid Eldh, Dorothy Graham, Klaus Olsen, Maaret Pyhjrvi, Geoff
Thompson Erik van Veendendaal,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

7 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board





. The International Software Testing Qualifications Board
(ISTQB)
,
.

.
.
.


,
, , -,
, , ,
.
, ,
, , ,
, -, - -.

.

/

:

K1:

K2:

K3:

K4:

B.
, ,
(K1), .


.
, .
.
.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

8 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board


(, ).

.

, ISTQB,
, .

, .

, , ISTQB.

D.



.
:

, ;

,
;

,
, ;

,
;

, ,
.


, ,
.


.
, ,
. :

2. (K2)

115

, 2 K1
(, ) K2 ( K3),
115 .
.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

9 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

. , ,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

10 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

1 (K2)

155



.
1.1

? (K2)

c ,
, (K2)
LO-1.1.1 , ,
, (K2)
LO-1.1.2
(K2)
LO-1.1.3 , ,
(K2)
LO-1.1.4 , -
,
(K2)
LO-1.1.5 , , ,
, (K2)
1.2

? (K2)

LO-1.2.1 (K1)
LO-1.2.2 ,
(K2)
LO-1.2.3 (K2)
1.3

(K2)

LO-1.3.1 (K2)
1.4

(K1)

LO-1.4.1
(K1)
1.5

(K2)

LO-1.5.1 ,
(K1)
LO-1.5.2 (K2)

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

11 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

1.1 (K2)

20

, , , , , ,

1.1.1 (K1)

, - ( )
( ).
, ,
. , ,
, ,
, .

1.1.2 (K2)
(), (,
) . ,
, (
, ), .
, ,
.
, ,
, , ,
/ .
. ,
,
-
, .

1.1.3 ,

(K2)


,
, .

,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

12 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

1.1.4 (K2)
-
,
,
(, , ,
, ).

2;
ISO 9126
.

, .
, ,
. ,
, .
.
, , ,
,
, .
.
(
, ).

1.1.5 ? (K2)
,
, ,
, ,
. 5

,
, ,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

13 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

1.2 ? (K2)

30

, , , , ,

, ,
. ,
, .
,
. ,
, , ,
,
,
.
( )
.

, ,
, ,
.
:




,
(,
, ),
.
(, ),
.
. ,
(, ,
), ,
,
.
, , ,
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

14 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

,
.
, (
)
.
,
.
,
, .
.
, . ,
, .
, .
, .
1.4.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

15 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

1.3 (K2)

35

40
.
1

, , ,
. ,
, , ,
.
2


, .

,
.
3

,

,
.
4

,
. ,
,
, .
5

,
.
,
,
, ,
, .
6

- . ,
, ,
, .
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

16 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

7 .

,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

17 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

1.4 (K1)

35

, , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,

, - .
,
, ,
, .

:





,
.
.

1.4.1 (K1)
,

.

, .
,
. ,
.
, .
5
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

18 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

1.4.2 (K1)
- ,
.
:
(, ,
1 ( ),
, , ,
)

,
, ,

1.4.3 (K1)
,

, ,
, , .
:
,
( )
,
, ,



,
(, , ,
, , , ),
,
.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

19 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board



,
,

,



(, , ,
, )
,
. , ,
, ( ),
/
,
, ,
( )

1.4.4 (K1)
- ,
.
(. 2.2).
:
,



1.4.5 (K1)

, , .
,
, (
), , .

:
,



2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

20 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

,


,

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

21 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

1.5 (K2)

25

, ,
,
.
,
,
, ,
.
.
(
) .
,
.
:
,
( )
(, )
(,
) -
(,
)

(, )
.
,
, ,
, .
.

.
,
. ,
, , ,
,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

22 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

, ,
,
. ,
.

, ,
.

. ,
, , .
, ,
.

:
,

,
, , , ,
.
,

, , ,

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

23 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

10

1.6


. ,
, ,
.
(ACM)
(IEEE), ISTQB :



,
.

, , (
),
.


.


.

.

, ,
.


.

1.1.5 Black, 2001, Kaner, 2002


1.2

Beizer, 1990, Black, 2001, Myers, 1979

1.3

Beizer, 1990, Hetzel, 1988, Myers, 1979

1.4

Hetzel, 1988

1.4.5 Black, 2001, Craig, 2002


1.5

Black, 2001, Hetzel, 1988

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

24 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

2
() (K2)

115

()

,
.
2.1

(K2)

LO-2.1.1 ,
, .
(K2)
LO-2.1.2 ,
, ,
.(K1)
LO-2.1.3 ,
(K1)
2.2

(K2)

LO-2.2.1 :
, (,
) , ,
, , (K2)
2.3

(K2)

LO-2.3.1 (,
. ).
.(K2)
LO-2.3.2 ,
. (K1)
LO-2.3.3 ,
(K2)
LO-2.3.4 ,
. (K2)
LO-2.3.5 (K2)
2.4

(K2)

LO-2.4.1 (
)
,
. (K2)
LO-2.4.2
(, ) (K1)
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

25 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

LO-2.4.3.
(K2)

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

26 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

2.1 (K2)

20

(COTS), -
, , , V-

,
.
.
2.1.1 V- ( ) (K2)
V- ,
, .
, , :
()



V-
,
. ,
,
.
( -
, , )

.

(CMMI) (IEEE/IEC 12207).
( )
.
2.1.2 - (K2)
- ,
, , ,
. : ,
(RAD), Rational Unified Process (RUP) (agile)
. , ,

. , ,
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

27 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

, .
.

.

2.1.3 (K2)

:


-


,
.

. ,
-
(,
)
( \ ,
/ ).

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

28 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

2.2 (K2)

40

, , , ,
, , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, , ,
.

: ,
,
, , ,
, ,
.

, .

2.2.1 (K2)
:



:




( )
, ,
, .., .
,
.
, .

,
(, )
, (, ).
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

29 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

,
, .
,
,
.
, .
, ,
.

.
, .
,
,
,
.

2.2.2 (K2)
:


-

:





,
, ,
, , .


:
1.

2.

. ,
. ,
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

30 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

. -
;
.
,
,
.

( ),
,
. ,
,
, .
( ,
), ,
.

. , ,
, ,
.. .
,
.
,
.
,
, .

2.2.3 (K2)
:




:




.

.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

31 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board



,
.
,
, -,
,
, .

.

.

( ), .
, -
. (
)
,
- ( . 4).
.

2.2.4 (K2)
:





:
-




.

, .

,
. .
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

32 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board


, .
,
.

, :






:

.
()

, ,
:
\





,
.
.

, .
( )

, ,
,
. ,
, . ,
,
.

,
,
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

33 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

34 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

2.3 (K2)

40

, ,
, , ,
, ,
, , ,
, , ,
.


( ),
.
,
:
,
,


, .. ,
( )
( )
\
(,
), , ,
, )
( , -,
).

2.3.1 ( ) (K2)
, , ,
,
,
. , .

( )

(,
).
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

35 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board



(. 4).

( ).
, ,
(, ) ,
, . ,
,

.

2.3.2
( ) (K2)
, ,
, , -,
, ,
. ,
.

. ,
,
,
. ,
(ISO
9126).

.

2.3.3 /
( ) (K2)
( )
.

, ,
.
,
, . 100%,

. 4.
,
,
.
, .

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

36 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

,
(,
- ).

2.3.4 :
(K2)
, ,
, , .
. ( )
, .

,
, .
,
. ,
.

, .
,
.

, .
,

.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

37 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

2.4 (K2)

14

, .


. ,
.
.
.

,
.
( ,
), , ,
,
,
.
(,
) ,
. ,
- .

,
.
,
,
. ,
,
.
,
. ,
,
.
,
,
.

2.1.3 CMMI, Craig, 2002, Hetzel, 1988, IEEE 12207


2.2

Hetzel, 1988

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

38 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

2.2.4 Copeland, 2004, Myers, 1979


2.3.1 Beizer, 1990, Black, 2001, Copeland, 2004
2.3.2 Black, 2001, ISO 9126
2.3.3 Beizer, 1990, Copeland, 2004, Hetzel, 1988
2.3.4 Hetzel, 1988, IEEE STD 829-1998
2.4

Black, 2001, Craig, 2002, Hetzel, 1988, IEEE STD 829-1998

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

39 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

3 (K2)

60


, .
3.1

(K2)

LO-3.1.1
(K1)
LO-3.1.2
(K2)
LO-3.1.3 ,
, , ,
(K2)
3.2

(K2)

LO-3.2.1 ,
(K1)
LO-3.2.2 :
, ,
(K2)
LO-3.2.3 (K2)
3.3

(K2)

LO-3.3.1 ,
,
(K1)
LO-3.3.2
(K2)
LO-3.3.3 ,
(K1)

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

40 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

3.1
(2)

15

, .

, ,

()
( ) .
- ( ),
. ,

(, , ),
,
.

.
.
, ,
, , ,
, , , .
: ,
, ,
,
, .
, , ,
.
,
. ,
.
(),
.
, ,
: ,
,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

41 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

3.2 (K2)

25

, , ,
, , , , , ,
, .

,
, ,
,
.
, ,
.
(,
, ,
, ).

3.2.1 () (K1)
:
1. :


(, )

(
)

2. :

3. :

4. // ( )
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

42 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

,
(
)

,
, .

5. :

( )

(
)

6. :

( )

3.2.2 (K1)
:
: ,
,

:
, ,
. ,

.
: ()

:
( ),
,
, .
,
.
.
: ,


. , ,
, ,
, , ,
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

43 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

, ,
.

3.2.3 (K2)

.
, . ,


.
, :


, ,

o - ,
o -

( )

: , ,

,
, , ,


( )

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

44 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

,
, ,
,

: , , ,
,
, ,










o -

:
,
, , .
.

3.2.4 (K2)
:
,

- ,
, ,



(, )
,

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

45 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

,
,

,

,
,
(,
)

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

46 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

3.3
(K2)

20

, , , ,

- .

,
. ,
. , ,
, .
(,
), , , HTML XML.
:


,
,

,


,

, :
,

,

(, )



2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

47 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board


( )

,
.
,
.
,
.
:

3.2

IEEE 1028

3.2.2 Gilb, 1993, van Veenendaal, 2004


3.2.4 Gilb, 1993, IEEE 1028
3.3

Van Veenendaal, 2004

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

48 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

4 (K3)

285

:

.
4.1

(K2)

LO-4.1.1 ,

. (2)
LO-4.1.2 ,
. (K2)
LO-4.1.3 . :
-
- . (K2)
LO-4.1.4
,

4.2

(2)

LO-4.2.1 ,
( ),
, ( ),
. (1)
LO-4.2.2
, ,
. (2)
4.3
(3)

LO-4.3.1
:
(3)
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
LO-4.3.2 ,
,

. (2)
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

49 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

LO-4.3.3
. (2)
4.4

, , (3)

LO-4.4.1 . (2)
LO-4.4.2 ,

, (,
- ). (2)
LO-4.4.3
:
- ;
- . (K3)
LO-4.4.4
(K3)
4.5

(2)

LO-4.5.1 ,
, . (K1)
LO-4.5.2
. (K2)
4.6

. (K2)

LO-4.6.1
, ,
. (K2)

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

50 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

4.1 (K2)

15

, ,
, ,
, .
.

, ,
-
, , .
,
, ,
.

, , .
,
(, ,
, ).


, .

, , ,
(. 5).

.
,
, ,
( ) ()
. (
)
(IEEE STD 829-1998)

,
, .
, ,
.

.
, ,

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

51 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

(IEEE STD 829-1998). (


) .
,

.

, ,
,
.
,
, .

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

52 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

4.2
(2)

15

,
, ,
, .


.
. (
)

( , ),
, ,
.
( , )
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
, ,
. .
, :
, ,
, -
.
.
, :
,
(,
).

,
.
:

.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

53 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

, ,
, ,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

54 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

4.3 , ,
(3)

150

, ,
, ,
.

4.3.1 (3)

, ,
. ( )
, ,
, .
, , ,
(, )
(, ).
.
.

. ,
,
.

4.3.2 (3)

,
.
.
, .
,
.
.
.
.
.

. ,
, , ,
(, )
(, 256*256).

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

55 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

4.3.3 (3)
,

. -,
.
.
,
.
,
,
. ,
, .

,
.
,
,
. ,
.

4.3.4 (3)

.
,
, ,
() , .
, .

.

, , ,

.

.
-,
,
(.. - -).

4.3.5 (2)
.
(
)
.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

56 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

( , -,
) (
).
, .
,

. (
) .
,
. ,
, ,

.
.
,
, .

, .

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

57 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

4.4 ,
(3)

60

, , ,
.

, ,
,
:
: ,
.. , ,
:
(, )
: ,
- -.

: ,
.
.

4.4.1 (K3)
- ,
.
,
.

, (
) .

4.4.2 (3)
, -
(, ),
.

.
.

,

.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

58 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

- ,
.
, : 100%
100% , .

4.4.3 , (1)

. , .
.
, , ,
,
, .
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

59 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

4.5 , (2)

30

, ( )

,
,
, .
,
,
.
.
, ,
. ,
.

. , .
,
,
.
- ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

60 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

4.6 (K2)

15

,
, ,
, , , ,
, , ,
,
.
,
.

, ,
, ,
.

4.1

Craig, 2002, Hetzel, 1988, IEEE 829

4.2

Beizer, 1990, Copeland, 2004

4.3.1 Copeland, 2004, Myers, 1979


4.3.2 Copeland, 2004, Myers, 1979
4.3.3 Beizer, 1990, Copeland, 2004
4.3.4 Beizer, 1990, Copeland, 2004
4.3.5 Copeland, 2004
4.4.3 Beizer, 1990, Copeland, 2004
4.5

Kaner, 2002

4.6

Beizer, 1990, Copeland, 2004

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

61 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

5 (K3)

170


, .
5.1

(K2)

LO-5.1.1 (K1)
LO-5.1.2
(K2)
LO-5.1.3 ,
(K1)
LO-5.1.4
(K1)
5.2

(K3)

LO-5.2.1 (K1)
LO-5.2.2 ,


(IEEE Std-829-1998) (K2)
LO-5.2.3 :
, , ,
\, \,
(K2)
LO-5.2.4
(K2)
LO-5.2.5
, ,
(K3)
LO-5.2.6 ,

(K1)
LO-5.2.7 , ,
(K1)
LO-5.2.8 2 :
(K2)
LO-5.2.9

( ,
) (K2)
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

62 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

5.3

(K2)

LO-5.3.1 ,
(K1)
LO-5.3.2
(,
,
) (K2)
LO-5.3.3

(IEEE Std-829-1998) (K2)
5.4

(K2)

LO-5.4.1 ,
(K2)
5.5

(K2)

LO-5.5.1 ,
(K2)
LO-5.5.2 ,
( ,
) (K1)
LO-5.5.3 (K2)
LO-5.5.4 (K1)
LO-5.5.5
(K2)
5.6

(K3)

LO-5.6.1
(IEEE Std829-1998) (K1)
LO-5.6.2 ,
. (K3)

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

63 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

5.1 (K2)

30

, ,

5.1.1 (K2)

,
:
:
;
;
,
;
-
;

, , ,
(
);
,
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
,

.
:
, ,
;
,
.
:
(
);
;
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

64 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

,
.

- , , ,
, , ,
.

5.1.2 (K1)
:
. , ,
, , ,
.

.
, ,
. 2 :
.
, ,
, 1.4
:

;

;
,
;
,
, , ,
,
, ;
, ,
, ,
;

( ),
;

;
, ,
;

;
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

65 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

;
, ,
.
:
;
,
, ;
;
(
);
;
,
,
;

, ;
(
);
(
);
, .
, , ,
.
,
, ,
.
,
- , .

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

66 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

5.2 (K3)

40

5.2.1 (K2)

.
, ,
.

(IEEE Std-829-1998)
, ,
, , , ,
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
.

5.2.2 (K3)

:
, ;
,
;

(, , ,
);
, ,
,
;
;
, ;
, , ;
, ,
;

, , ;
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

67 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board


,
.

5.2.3 (K2)
, , ,
.
:
;
;
;
.

5.2.4 (K2)
, , ,

.
:
, ,
;
;
.
,
- ;
, .

5.2.5 (K2)

:
:
;
:
.
,
.
, :
: ,
(.. ),
, ,
;
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

68 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

: ,
, ,
;
: ,
.

5.2.6 , (K2)

.

,
() .
,
.
,
, , ,
(, ),
.
:
, , , ,
;
, , , ,

(, )
(, );
, , (
), , -
;
, ,
,
;
,
, ,
,
;
, ,

\ ;
,
,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

69 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

5.3
(K2)

20

, , ,
,

5.3.1 (K1)

.
, .

.
:
(
);
;
(,
\ ,
\ );
(, ,
,
);
, ;
;
;
,
.

5.3.2 (K2)
,
:
, , ,
;

,
, ,
.

(IEEE Std 829-1998).
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

70 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

, :
;
;
.

5.3.3 (K2)

,
.
,
.
:
;

(, );

;
, ()
, ,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

71 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

5.4 (K2)

10


(, )
.
:
, , ,
, ,
( ) ,
;

.
,
( ) , ,
.
() ,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

72 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

5.5 (K2)

30

, , ,

, ,
,
.
(,
).

5.5.1 (K2)
,
, :

:
o , ;
o ;
o , :

,
(,
);

o
(,
);

:
o ;
o ,
;
o ;
o ,
\
;
o , ,
;

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

73 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

o ;
o .
,
.
(IEEE Std
829-1998) ,
.

5.5.2 (K2)
(
) , ..
, :
;
, \
;
(, , ,
);
(, ,
, );
, .
,
,

.
, .
, ,

.
, ,
, .

, ,
. , , :
;
, ;
,
;
, ,
(,
).
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

74 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

, ,
,
.
, , ,
:
( ) ,
();
, ;
.
, ,
,
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

75 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

5.6 (K3)

40

, ,

,

. ,
.
.
,
.

.
, ,
. ,
, , ,
, ,
.
:

, ,
, ;

;
.
:
, ;
;
() ;
, ;
, ,
, ;
;
;
\ ;
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

76 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

(, , , ,
, , );
, ;
, , ,
;
, , ,
,
;
, ,
.

(IEEE Std 829-1998)
:

5.1.1 Black, 2001, Hetzel, 1988


5.1.2 Black, 2001, Hetzel, 1988
5.2.5 Black, 2001, Craig, 2002, IEEE Std 829-1998, Kaner 2002
5.3.3 Black, 2001, Craig, 2002, Hetzel, 1988, IEEE Std 829-1998
5.4

Craig, 2002

5.5.2 Black, 2001 , IEEE Std 829-1998


5.6

Black, 2001, IEEE Std 829-1998

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

77 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

6
(K2)

80


.
6.1

(K2)

LO-6.1.1


(K2)
LO-6.1.3 ,
(K2)
6.2
(K2)

LO-6.2.1
. (K2)
LO-6.2.2 ,
. (K1)
6.3

(K1)

LO-6.3.1
(K1)
LO-6.3.2 -
. (K1)
LO-6.3.3 , , , ,
. (K1)

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

78 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

6.1 (2)

45

, , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
.

6.1.1 (2)

, . :
1. , ,
,
.
2. , ,
, ,
, , , , ,

.
3. , , ,
, ,
.
4. , (
).

:
,
, ,
, , ;
,
(, );
,
(, );
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

79 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

(,
).

:
,
(
);
,
(,
);
;

, 6.1.6.

6.1.2 (2)
,
. -:
, (//
/-), .
,
,
, .
,
.

, . ,
- ,
,
.
.
,
(, ,
). (D)
, .

6.1.3 (1)
,
.

,
,
() .

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

80 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

,
, ,
, ,
.

,

,
, /
(
, , ).

6.1.4 (1)


.

,
, ()
, .
(D)


,
( ) (
), .
(,
).

(
)
.
, .

6.1.5 (1)


/ ,
, (,
) .

,
, ,

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

81 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

,
.

6.1.6 (1)


,
,
.
,

.
/
(D)

,
, ,
,
.

,
.
,
.
,
.
(D)

,
( , ,
).


( ).
, , ,
, .
, .

6.1.7 (1)
(D)

,
,
.
,
.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

82 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

/
/



- ,
, , .
,
, ,
.

,

.

6.1.8
(1)

,
, .
.

, ,
, .
( )
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

83 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

6.2
:
(K2)

20

, , ,

6.2.1
( ) (K2)
.

.
, .
:
(,
, ,
).
(, ,
,
, ).
(, , ).
(,
, ,
).
, :
(
).
,
( ).
,
(

).
, .
(
,
).
.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

84 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board


, ,
, ,
, .
, ,
.
,
.
.
, ,
.

6.2.2
(K1)

,
.
.
,

.
.
,
.

,
.

.

, ,

. ,
ID ,
.
, ,
, , ,
( ). ,
,
, .

( ).

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

85 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

, ,
,
, .
,
.

.


,

.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

86 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

6.3
(K1)

15

:
,
,
.
.
,


,

( , )

.

.

.

,
:
.
,
, .
, ,
(,
,
).
, .
:
.

.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

87 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

.
.
.
.
.
.

6.2.2 Buwalda, 2001, Fewster, 1999


6.3

Fewster, 1999

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

88 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

ISTQB , 2.1
[CMMI] Chrissis, M.B., Konrad, M. and Shrum, S. (2004) CMMI, Guidelines for Process
Integration and Product Improvement, Addison Wesley: Reading, MA
. 2.1
[IEEE Std 829-1998] IEEE Std 829 (1998) IEEE Standard for Software Test
Documentation,
. 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6
[IEEE 1028] IEEE Std 1028 (2008) IEEE Standard for Software Reviews and Audits,
. 3.2
[IEEE 12207] IEEE 12207/ISO/IEC 12207-2008, Software life cycle processes,
. 2.1
[ISO 9126] ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001, Software Engineering Software Product Quality,
. 2.3

[Beizer, 1990] Beizer, B. (1990) Software Testing Techniques (2nd edition), Van
Nostrand Reinhold: Boston
. 1.2, 1.3, 2.3, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.6
[Black, 2001] Black, R. (2001) Managing the Testing Process (3rd edition), John Wiley
& Sons: New York
. 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 2.3, 2.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6
[Buwalda, 2001] Buwalda, H. et al. (2001) Integrated Test Design and Automation,
Addison Wesley: Reading, MA
. 6.2
[Copeland, 2004] Copeland, L. (2004) A Practitioners Guide to Software Test Design,
Artech House: Norwood, MA
. 2.2, 2.3, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.6
[Craig, 2002] Craig, Rick D. and Jaskiel, Stefan P. (2002) Systematic Software Testing,
Artech House: Norwood, MA
. 1.4.5, 2.1.3, 2.4, 4.1, 5.2.5, 5.3, 5.4
[Fewster, 1999] Fewster, M. and Graham, D. (1999) Software Test Automation, Addison
Wesley: Reading, MA
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

89 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

. 6.2, 6.3
[Gilb, 1993]: Gilb, Tom and Graham, Dorothy (1993) Software Inspection, Addison
Wesley: Reading, MA
. 3.2.2, 3.2.4
[Hetzel, 1988] Hetzel, W. (1988) Complete Guide to Software Testing, QED: Wellesley,
MA
. 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, 5.1, 5.3
[Kaner, 2002] Kaner, C., Bach, J. and Petticord, B. (2002) Lessons Learned in Software
Testing,
John Wiley & Sons: New York

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

90 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

8 A

2004 2007 ,

(ISTQB).
,
. ,
, .

, ,
ISTQB (www.istqb.org).



.

.

, ,
.

.
.


,

.
,
,
, .

(
, 2001)


.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

91 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board


.

.
,


,
.

.

.
.

.




.
:

, , , ,

.
ISTQB (
, ISTQB).





(ISEB), 1998
(www.bcs.org.uk/iseb). 2002
ASQF
(www.asqf.de).
ISEB ASQF; ,
, ,
.

(, ISEB, ASQF , ISTQB),
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

92 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

,
.
. .
ISTQB
-.
ISTQB .

.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

93 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

9 B /
.
.

1: (K1)
, .
: , , , ,

2: (K2)

, , , ,
.
: , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , ,

, :
,


:
:
,
:
,
.

3: (K3)

.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

94 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

: , , , ,


.
,

4: (K4)

, .
, ,
.
: , , , ,
, , , , , , ,
,

,

, ,

( )
Anderson, L. W. and Krathwohl, D. R. (eds) (2001)
, :
, Allyn & Bacon

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

95 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

10 , ISTQB

, ,
.

10.1 .
SG1.


0 6 ( ). (6-)

SG2.

,
. ()

SG3.

. ()

SG4.


. ()

SG5.


. ( )

10.2
SC1.



.
3 5 . ()

SC2.

,
,
3- 5- . ( )

10.3
LO1.

,
( 1), ,
( 2), ,
(3) ,
,
(4). ( )

LO2.


. ( )

LO3.


.
( - )

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

96 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

10.4
ST1.


,
. (
)

ST2.


. ()

ST3.

.
( )

ST4.

, ,
. ()

ST5.

,
(
). ( )

10.5
SR1.


.
()

SR2.


, .
, ,
. (
)


, ,
ISTQB, .

.
.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

97 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

11 D


.
,
,
.
, ,
.
, .
,
.
,
. ,
, ,
, .

3 4.

2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

98 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

12 E
12.1 2010
1. (LO) :
a. (
): LO-1.2.2, LO-1.3.1, LO-1.4.1, LO-1.5.1, LO-2.1.1,
LO-2.1.3, LO-2.4.2, LO-4.1.3, LO-4.2.1, LO-4.2.2, LO-4.3.1, LO-4.3.2, LO4.3.3, LO-4.4.1, LO-4.4.2, LO-4.4.3, LO-4.6.1, LO-5.1.2, LO-5.2.2, LO-5.3.2,
LO-5.3.3, LO-5.5.2, LO-5.6.1, LO-6.1.1, LO-6.2.2, LO-6.3.2
b. LO-1.1.5
2. ,
.
c. LO-1.2.3 (K2) .
2007 .
d. LO-3.1.3 (2) LO-3.1.3 LO-3.1.4
e. LO-3.1.4 2010 ,
LO-3.1.3.
f. LO-3.2.1
2010 .
g. LO-3.3.2 , 1 2
LO-3.1.2
h. LO-4.4.4 , 3
4. : LO-4.4.4 4.
i. LO-6.1.2 (1) 2010 LO-6.1.3, (2).
2010 LO-6.1.2.
2.
.
.
3. 1.4
.
4. 2. .
5. ,
.
6.
: 2.2, 5.5, 6.1.8
7. 5.2.3
( LO-5.2.9)
8.
.
2011
International Software Testing Qualifications Board

99 101

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

9. 6.1 - 45-
.
10. IEEE Std 829:2008.
. 5.2
.
:
,

. ,
, ISTQB.
11. CTAL CTFL.

12.2 2011
, 2011
1. : .
2. -
ISTQB 2.1.
3. : ISTQB ISTQB.
4. :
,
B.
5. 1.6:
, .
6. 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4, 3.2.3:
.
7. 2.2.2:
. .
8. 2.3: ,
(2).
9. 2.3.4:
ISTQB 2.1.
10. 2.4:
,
(, , ),
.
11. 3.2: .
12. 3.2.1: -
12 6, .
6,
2007 2007
.
13. 4: ,
, .
14. 4.2: ,

.

2011

100 101

International Software Testing Qualifications Board

13 2011

International
Software Testing
Qualifications Board

15. 4.3.5: ,
(
).
16. 4.3.5:
.
17. 4.4.2: , ,
4.4.
18. 6.1: 6.1.1
(2) 6.1.1
(2).
19. 7 / : [Black, 2001],
.
20. D: , ,
3
. ISTQB (
1.26).
21. E: , 2007 2010
, .

2011

101 101

International Software Testing Qualifications Board

13 2011

Вам также может понравиться