Teaching Speaking

Skills
Conversational Discourse
Teaching Pronunciation
Accuracy & Fluency
Affective Factors
The Interaction Effect
Questions About Intelligibility
The Growth of Spoken Corpora
Genres of Spoken Language
Types of Classroom Speaking Performance
Imitative
Intensive
Responsive Short replies
Transactional Exchange of specific information
Interpersonal
Extensive Extended monologues in the form of oral reports, summaries
Factors that affects learners' pronunciation
Native language
Age
Exposure
Innate phonetic ability
Indentity and language ego
Motivation and concern for good pronunciation
Evaluating and scoring speaking tasks
Pronunciation
Fluency
Vocabulary
Grammar
Discourse features
Cohesion
Sociolinguistic appropiateness
Task Accomplishing the objective of the task
Factors that makes speaking difficult
Clustering Speaking is phrasal and not word-by-word
Redundancy Make meaning clearer
Reduced Forms Contractions, elisions, reduced forms
Performance Variables
The process of thinking includes hesitations, pauses,
backtraking, etc.
Colloquial Language Words, idioms and phrases (slang).
Rate of Delivery Acceptable speed of speech.
Stress, Rhythm and intonation.
This is the most important characteristic of English
pronunciation.
Interaction Creativity of conversational negotiation.
Teaching Conversation
Indirect approach
Students acquire conversational competence, peripherally,
by engaging in meaningful tasks.
Direct approach Planned conversation.
Tasks for assessing speaking
Imitative speaking tasks Minimal pair repetition
Intensive speaking tasks Oral sentence completion
Responsive speaking tasks Question elicitation
Interactive speaking tasks Role plays
Extensive speaking tasks Oral presentations
Components Underlying speaking
effectiveness
Grammatical Competence
Discourse Competence
Sociolinguistic Competence
Strategic Competence