E

By: lizbeth Hernandez Flores

2

ndex
1. Past Tense ------------------------------------------------------------------ pg. 3
1.1. Past Simple ------------------------------------------------------------ pg. 4
1.2. Past Continuous ----------------------------------------------------- pag. 5
1.3. Past Perfect ------------------------------------------------------------ pag. 6
1.4. Past Perfect Continuous ------------------------------------------ pag. 7
2. Present Tense ------------------------------------------------------------- pag. 8
2.1. Present Simple ------------------------------------------------------- pag. 9
2.2. Present Continuous ------------------------------------------------ pag. 10
2.3. Present Perfect ------------------------------------------------------- pag. 11
2.4. Present Perfect Continuous ------------------------------------- pag. 12
3. Future Tense--------------------------------------------------------------- pag. 13
3.1. Future Simple -------------------------------------------------------- pag. 14
3.2. Future Continuous ------------------------------------------------- pag. 15
3.3. Future Perfect -------------------------------------------------------- pag. 16
3.4. Future Perfect Continuous -------------------------------------- pag. 17


3



4

Past Simple
Form
With regular verbs: infinite+ed
With irregular verbs: 2nd column of the irregular verbs.
Examples
Affirmative sentences:
Regular verbs: I played football.
Irregular verbs: I went to the cinema



Negative sentences (always use the auxiliary did.)
I didnt play football.
Question (use the auxiliary did)
Did you play football?



Use
1. Action finished in the past.
2. Series of complement actions in the past.
Together with the past progressive/continuous-the past interrupted an action which was
in progress in the past.



5

Past Continuous
Form
[was/were + present participle]
Form of the Past Progressive/Continuous
We use a form of to be (was or were), the infinitive of the verb and the ending ing.
to be (was, were) + infinitive + -ing
Affirmative sentences:
I/he/she/it was playing football.
We/you/they were playing football.
NOTE: Use was with I, he, she, it - and were with all other pronouns.
Negative sentences:
I/he/she/it was not playing football.
We/you/they were not playing football.
Questions:
In the Past Progressive we put the auxiliary (was or were) before the subject
(Auxiliary - Subject - Verb - Rest).
Example







Use

To indicate uncompleted action of the past (with of without time reference)
To indicate persistent abilitis of the past (with always continuosly, forever, etc.



6

Past Perfect
Form
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3

Example
Sarah had prepared dinner when her husband got home.

Had I bought a new car?

You had not cleaned the house.

Use
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past.
This is the past in the past.


7

Past Perfect Continuous
Form
1. Afirmativo
Sujeto + had + been + verbo en forma -ing+ ...
Examples
I had been working You had been working
2. Negativo
El negativo tiene dos formas:
Forma larga Sujeto + had + not + been + v. en forma -ing + ...
Forma corta Sujeto + hadn't + been + v. en forma -ing + ...
Example
You had not been working I hadnt been painting your house.
3. Interrogativo Afirmativo
Had + sujeto + been + verbo en forma -ing
4. Negativo
Had + sujeto + not + been + verbo en forma -ing
Hadn't + sujeto + been + verbo en forma ing
Example
Afirmativo Negativo
Had I been working? Had I not been working? Hadn't I been working?
Use
The past perfect continuous tense is like the past perfect tense, but it expresses longer
actions in the past before another action in the past.

8



9

Present Simple
Form
Sujeto Conjugacin
I, You, We, They talk, eat, learn, watch, do, go...
He, She, It talks, eats, learns, watches, does, goes...
Affirmative Sentences : Subject + verb
Negative Sentences : Subject + verb auxiliary ("to do") + auxiliary negative ("not") +
verb
Interrogative Sentences : Verb auxiliary ("to do") + subject + verb

Examples
They learn.


I do not talk. He does not eat.



Uses
Habitual actions
Acciones habituales (normalmente acompaados de adverbios de frecuencia)
Permanent states
Estados permanentes (hechos que no cambian nunca)
Feelings and emotions (like, hate, want, hope, etc.)
Sentimientos y emociones
Verb of senses (hear, taste, see, smell, sound and taste)
Verbos de sentidos

10

Present Continuous
Form
Sujeto Auxiliar (to be) Gerundio
I am talking, eating, learning, doing, going...
He, She, It is talking, eating, learning, doing, going...
You, We, They are talking, eating, learning, doing, going...
Affirmative Sentences: Subject+ verb auxiliary ("to be") + gerund ("-ing").
Negative Sentences: Subject + verb auxiliary ("to be") + auxiliary negative ("not") +
gerund ("-ing").
Interrogative Sentences: Verb auxiliary ("to be") + subject + gerundio ("-ing")?
Examples

I'm talking


They're not learning




Uses
for action happening exactly now
The action may not be happening exactly now, but it is happening just before and just
after now, and it is not permanent or habitual.


11

Present Perfect
Form
The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb has or have with the past
participle.
Subject Auxiliary Short Form Past Participle
I, You, We, They have I've, you've, we've,
they've
talked, learned,
traveled...
He, She, It has he's, she's, it's talked, learned,
traveled...

Example
I have studied. She hasn't gone to work.



Use
1. To indicate past action which is not defined by a time of occurrence.
I have eaten.
2. Used for past actions that continue into the present, or continue to affect the present.
I have been in Madrid for two weeks.

12

Present Perfect Continuous
Form
The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is:

subject + auxiliary verb + auxiliary verb + main verb
have
has been base + ing

Example
I have been I've been

You have been You've been

Uses

An action that has just stopped or recently stopped
An action continuing up to now

13




14

Future Simple
Form
he structure of the future simple tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb WILL + main verb
invariable base
will V1

Examples
I will phone her tonight.

We are going to go to the beach tomorrow.

Uses
Prediction
We often use the future simple tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is
no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen.
Be
When the main verb is be, we can use the future simple tense even if we have a firm plan or
decision before speaking.
We use the future simple tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we
speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking.



15

Future Continuous
Form
Sujeto Auxiliares Gerundio
I will be / am going to be talking, eating, learning, doing, going...
He, She, It will be / is going to be talking, eating, learning, doing, going...
You, We, They will be / are going to be talking, eating, learning, doing, going...
Affirmative Sentences
1 Subject + "will be" + gerund... 2 Subject + verb auxiliary ("to be") + "going to be" +
gerund...
Negative Sentences
1 Subject + "will" + "not" + "be" + gerund.... 2 Subject + verb auxiliary ("to be") + "not" +
"going to be" + gerund...
Interrogative Sentences
1 Verb auxiliary "will" + subject + "be"+ gerund...? 2 Verb auxiliary ("to be") + subject +
"going to be" + gerund...?
Examples
I will be talking. / I'm going to be talking.


I will not [won't] be talking. / I'm not going to be talking.


Will you be talking? / Are you going to be talking?


Uses
The future continuous tense expresses action at a particular moment in the future. The
action will start before that moment but it will not have finished at that moment.

16

Future Perfect
Form
Is formed by combining the auxiliary verb Haber with the past participle.
In this case, Haber is conjugated in the future tenses.

Example
The party will have ended by the time you finish work.

They party won't have ended by the time you finish work.

Will the party have ended before you finish work?



Use

1. Is used to describe what will have happened in the future before a different
action takes place, or by a specific time.


17

Future Perfect Continuous

Form
Affirmative: Subject+ will + have + been + verb in form -ing + ...
Negativo: Subject + shall/will + not + have + been + verb in form -ing + ... /Subject +
shant/won't + have + been + verbo in form -ing + ...
Interrogative Affirmative: Shall/Will + subject + have + been + verb in form -ing + ...?
Interrogative Negative: Shall/Will + subject + not + have + been + verb in form -
ing + ...? / Shant/Won't + subject + have + been + verb in form -ing + ...?

Examples
I shall/will have been working/I'll have been working.


I shall/will not have been working/I shant/won't have been
working.


Afirmativo Negativo
Shall/Will I have been
working?
Shall/Will I not have been
working?
Shall/Won't I have been
working?

Uses
We use the future perfect continuous tense to talk about a long action before some
point in the future.

18