CIDB Demolition Seminar - Dr. Arham Slide

www.utm.
my innovative entrepreneurial global

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DR ARHAM ABDULLAH All right reserved Affiliate Member Institute of Demolition Engineers UK
www.utm.my innovative entrepreneurial global
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1. Overview of Demolition Industry in Malaysia
2. Demolition of Building & Engineers Liability Based on
Code of Practice MS 2318:2012
3. Demolition Process and Procedures
4. Demolition Plan
5. Demolition Methods
6. Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Works
7. HIRARC in Demolition Works
8. Demolition Best Practices
9. Demolition Case Study
10. Conclusion

Contents
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Overview of Demolition Industry in Malaysia
Aimed to describe the health and safety issue that will allow
demolition work to be conducted on a basis of good practices based
on MS2318:2012.

In view of shortage of land to cater market demands, redevelopment
seems to be the best option to make way for new development which
leads to demolition.

Demolition industry can be considered as one of the most hazardous
operations with highly intricate tasks that can contributes in number of
incidents and fatalities around the world including Malaysia. i.e. The
tragic demolition project of Jaya Supermarket in Petaling Jaya,
Selangor, which killed 7 workers.

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Introduction
Overview of Demolition Industry
Jaya Supermarket Collapsed, 28
th
May 2009
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The Building Collapsed during the Demolition Works
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Demolition Works Before the Building Collapsed
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The Building Collapsed During Demolition Killing 7 Workers
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Demolished hotel falls onto Edmonton street in Canada 2010
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Unplanned demolition collapse caused to Southend Council Car Park in UK 2011
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Steel structure collapsed in South China's Guangxi Zhuang
(kills six, injures two)
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Uptown Theatre Toronto collapse during demolition 2003
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Recent Demolition Projects in Malaysia:
Flat Pekeliling; Penjara Pudu; Flat PKNS di Jalan Jelatek; Ibu Pejabat Polis
Daerah Cheras; Angkasaraya Building, Jalan Ampang; Car Park One Utama
Shoping Complex; JB City Square; Axim Building; Bolton Court, Jalan Bukit
Ceylon; Jaya Supermarket; Galaxy Office Building; Colgate Pamolive
Building, PJ; Flat Lumba kuda, Bukit Chagar, JB; Building Structures Istana
TMJ; Plaza Ampang Yow Chuan; FFM Structures, Klang Selangor; RMAF
Runaway; Plaza Mayang, Taman Megah; UTM Jalan Semarak; 385 Ft Prai
Chimney; 9 Bridges for Double Track Project; Office Building and CarPark at
Menara Tun Razak, Hentian Bas Klang, etc.
JENIS AKTIVITI PEROBOHAN di MBPJ Jan-Dec 2010 BILANGAN AKTIVITI
MELALUI KEBENARAN MERANCANG (SEPERTI BANGLO, BANGUNAN
BERSKALA BESAR)
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KEDIAMAN INDIVIDU (SEPERTI RUMAH TERES, RUMAH BERKEMBAR)
DIPERINGKAT JABATAN
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KILANG, KOMERSIL DLL 11
Overview of Demolition Industry in Malaysia
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Demolition of Building & Engineers Liability
Based on Code of Practice MS 2318:2012
Contents Page No.

1 Scope 1

2 Normative references 1

3 Definitions 2

4 Planning 4

5 Precautionary measures 11

6 Methods of demolition 34

7 Special structures 78

8 Site supervision and inspection 94

Refer to MS 2318
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Means dismantling, razing, destroying or wrecking any building or structure or any part thereof by
pre-planned and controlled methods
(MS 2318: 2010, Malaysian Standard for Demolition of Buildings - Code of Practice)

The controlled removal of selected part of the structure or key structural members to cause
complete collapse of the whole or part of the building structures (BS 6187: 2000)

The complete or partial dismantling of a building or structure, by pre-planned and controlled
techniques or procedures (AS 2601: 2000)

Dismantling, razing, destroying or wrecking any building or structure or any part thereof by pre-
planned and controlled techniques (Building Department Hong Kong, 2004)

Dismantling, wrecking, pulling down or knocking down of any building or structure or part
thereof (Department of Labour New Zealand, 1994)

These definitions can be summarized as:

The removal, dismantling, destruction, razing, wrecking, pulling down or knocking down of any
building or structure by pre-planned and controlled techniques to cause complete collapse of the
whole or part of the building or structure (Arham Abdullah, PhD Thesis Intelligent Selection of
Demolition Techniques Loughborough University UK 2003)
Definitions Demolition
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The building is no longer
safe to live in i.e. Fire,
Natural Disaster, End of
Building Life
The building was not
constructed according to
assessments by the Local
Authority
Buildings that were built
illegally or without
approval from relevant
parties
The building is part of the
regeneration,
rehabilitation and
redevelopment project
Decision to Demolish
Demolition Process and Procedures
Decision to Demolish
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START
Building owner initiates demolition work
and appointments Engineer
Engineer to:
- review records; - inspect site & bldg; -
prepare demolition plan
Apply permits from other relevant
authorities (if any)
Submits to LA to notify on intention to
carry out demolition work

Demolition commences
Upon completion:
- Engineer certifies structural safety of remaining structures if
theres any left standing
- Engineer informs Local Authority
- Contractor inform DOSH
No objection
Objection
After 4 days (Local Authority)
Contractor to notify DOSH within 7 days
together with demolition plan
END
Resubmit
- necessary documents
Appointment of contractor
NOTE. This flowchart applies to common
methods of demolition, excluding special
methods such as wrecking ball and
implosion.
Engineer to submit demolition plans,
dilapidation survey, insurances, permits and
Form B (Notice to Commence Work) to Local
Authority

Local Authority
Processes
Demolition Procedures
MS2318:2010 (P) Annex F
Registration of Specialized
Demolition Contractors with
CIDB. Kategori B26,
Pembinaan Bangunan
Pengkhususan Kerja
Meroboh
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Demolition Process
Ref: Abdullah, A. (2003), PhD Thesis Intelligent Selection of Demolition Techniques, Loughborough University
Post Demolition Stage
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In a demolition project several process and procedures need to be followed to
ensure the health and safety of the person on and off the demolition site .
Developing a
Demolition
Strategy
Building
Information
Selecting
Appropriate
Techniques
Preliminary
Aspects Prior to
Site Demolition
Work
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method of construction used for the original building and its proximity to
other buildings, structures and the general public.

location, the cost and availability of tipping and disposal and the
desirability and economics of reuse
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Information on buildings in terms of "as built" drawings and structural details
may often be unavailable or unreliable, and consequently some investigative
site and desk work may be necessary, both to ascertain the way in which the
building was originally constructed, and to identify the stresses and strains
which exist within it.

In order to plan the most efficient method of demolition, it is important to
have a full understanding of the method of construction and the stress
patterns imposed upon the building. Failure to do so may result in risks to
the safety of both those involved in the demolition and those in close
proximity to the site.
Building Information
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Selecting
Appropriate
Techniques
Majors factors to
be considered
Structure
Characteristic
Site
Conditions
Past
Experiences
Cost
Reuse &
Recycling
Time
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Selecting
Appropriate
Techniques

Goal: To select the most appropriate demolition technique
Structure Characteristic
Height
Type
Stability
Degree of demolition
Use of the structure
Site Conditions
Health & safety for the person on and off site
Acceptable level of nuisance
Proximity of the nearest adjacent structure
Site accessibility
Past experience
Familiarity with a specified technique
Availability of plant and equipment
Availability of expertise
Cost
Total cost compared to each of the demolition techniques
Reuse & recycling
Level of reuse and recycling
Time
Total demolition time
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Preliminary Aspects
Prior to Site Demolition
Work
Conducting a site and
building survey, with a
structural bias;
The examination of
drawings and details of
existing construction
where available;
The preparation of details
and drawings from site
survey activities where no
such information is
available;
Establishing previous use
of premises, especially
with regard to flammable
substances or substances
hazardous to health or
safety;
Programming the
sequence of demolition
work;
The preparation of a
Method Statement
Considerations should be given to:-
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Demolition Plan (Annex B, D, E MS2318)
References

Annex B Demolition plan checklist 99
Annex D Example of demolition plan and stability report for top down by manual method 104
Annex E Example of demolition plan and stability report for top down method by machines 123

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Demolition plan is one of the phase involve in demolition process
which covers all the steps acquire to identify, assess an control
hazard which might occur at the workplace during the demolition
work.

Plan to undertake a demolition work without creating risks, and
to execute it in a safe and orderly manner, requires careful
planning of each stage of the demolition.

A stability report accompanied by demolition plan which includes
stability checking calculations for the building to be demolished,
its supports, if any, the adjoining properties and the loading due
to powered mechanical plants, or equipment.

The demolition plan shall ensure that during the course of
demolition, no existing utilities in the vicinity of the demolition
sites are affected by the demolition operation.

(Ref: MS2318)

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An engineer shall carry out the building and structural survey
and then prepare a demolition plan in accordance with 4.1.3
(Demolition plan and stability report including calculations) to be
submitted to local authority.

The demolition plan shall be properly engineered by a competent
and experienced geotechnical engineer. Maintaining adequate
ground support by backfilling or structural support during demolition work
is important.

A demolition plan shall be provided to the foundation contractor
so that the shoring work installed during demolition are
considered and protected during the foundation work.

(Ref: MS2318)

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The demolition plan should consists of , but not be limited to, the
following information:

B1 General Information
B2 Location plan
B3 Existing building information
B4 The layout of the building, including sections, and
existing structural information
B5 Demolition procedure and sequence of operation
B6 Precautionary measures
B7 Debris handling
B8 Special safety considerations
B9 Traffic
B10 Post-demolition arrangement

The demolition plan should be made available to all employees and
a copy should be given to the health and safety representative.
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NO.
Demolition Plan Contents
1. Description of the demolition Workplace
detail about site condition, height of the structure, boundary distance
Location of services (eg. Drainage, sewerage, pipelines)
Hazardous materials ( eg. Asbestos )
condition of structure on adjoining
2. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Control and Process Review
Identification of Hazard
Demolition contractors assessment
Control measures
Hierarchy of Controls (Elimination, Substitution, Isolation, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, Personal Protective
Equipment)
3. Demolition Methods and Work Processes
Description of the proposed method of demolition
Number and types of major plant and equipment
Method of access and to egress
Description of the proposed hoardings, scaffolding, fencing and overhead sidewalk protection
Details on measures to be taken
Description of the methods proposed for handling and disposing of hazards material
4. Engineering Investigation
Type of structural system
as-constructed details of the component member, Load analysis
Details of the structure regarding the strength and the compatibility with the proposed demolition method.
5. Induction and Training
Description of the training involve for the employees
Details on the training needs
6. Emergency procedures
Emergency procedures detail (eg. First aid requirements, location of the nearest medical facility, contact numbers for emergency
services, communication that need to be established in work area)
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NO.
1.
Description of the demolition Workplace
Should contain all the information about the site such as the overall height of
the structure above ground level and minimum distance between the structures
that need to be demolish with each site of the boundary.

It also must have all the details about the location of the services such as
drainage, sewerage, electricity, gas, water, telecommunication and all other
cases such as underground basement and hazardous material that can be found
in the workplace.

detail about site condition, height of the structure, boundary distance
Location of services (eg. Drainage, sewerage, pipelines)
Hazardous materials ( eg. Asbestos )
condition of structure on adjoining
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NO.
2.
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Control and Process Review
Identification of Hazard to health and safety that the demolition contractor
knows, or ought reasonably to know, will arise during demolition work.

The demolition contractors assessment of the risks that may result because of
the hazards.

The control measures the demolition contractor proposes to use to eliminate, or
where that is not practical, minimize the level of risk.

The proposal for monitoring and reviewing the implementation and
effectiveness of the control measures. How and to whom additional hazards are
to be reported.

Identification of Hazard
Demolition contractors assessment
Control measures
Hierarchy of Controls (Elimination, Substitution, Isolation, Engineering
Controls, Administrative Controls, Personal Protective Equipment)
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NO.
3.
Demolition Methods and Work Processes
A description of the proposed method of demolition.
The number and types of major plant and equipment to be used in the
demolition methods and their method of use.
The methods of access to egress from the workplace.
A description of the proposed hoardings, scaffolding, fencing and shoring of
walls and floors, to protect site personnel and adjoining structures, where the
structure to be demolished has been damaged by fire, flood, explosion, or some
other cause.
A description of the methods proposed for handling and disposing hazardous
materials.

Description of the proposed method of demolition
Number and types of major plant and equipment
Method of access and to egress
Description of the proposed hoardings, scaffolding, fencing and overhead
sidewalk protection
Details on measures to be taken
Description of the methods proposed for handling and disposing of hazards
material
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NO.
4.
Engineering Investigation
In assessing the current load-carrying capacity of structural members, the structural engineer should take
account of:
The strength and loading requirements of relevant Regulations and Standards relating to the members,
both those applying at the time of construction and those applying at the time of demolition.
Any degradation of the structure materials.
The capacity of the structure, as a whole or in part, to sustain loads without:
Premature collapse of any part of the structure, or
Deformation leading to static instability of the structure or any part of the structure.
The investigation should be carried out by a qualified structural engineer experienced in design and
construction. Where appropriate, they should be experienced in the demolition processes and should be
registered in the relevant area of practice with The Board of Engineers.

The engineer should investigate the structure by whatever means are necessary and determine as accurately as
possible:
The type of structural system involved.
As-constructed details of the component members.
The current load-carrying capacity of the structure.
The likelihood that the proposed methods and sequence of demolition can be executed without causing
an accidental collapse of the whole, or part of, the structure.
Any other details of the structures strength, construction or contents which might influence the
selection of demolition procedures.
Type of structural system
as-constructed details of the component member, Load analysis
Details of the structure regarding the strength and the compatibility with the proposed demolition method.
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NO.
5.
Induction and Training

The demolition contractor should identify the training needs and requirements of all personnel and
incorporate the training program in the Demolition Safety Plan.

The detail and extent of the training program will depend on the hazards and risks associated with the
demolition work.

Appropriate induction training should be provided for new personnel, including casual workers, and
whenever a worker is assigned to a new task or new work area.

Training may also be necessary to enable the operators of industrial equipment to meet statutory
qualification requirements (Certificates of Competency).

Training can be formal or on-the-job. It should take into account literacy levels, work experience and
specific skills required for the job. Trainees must be adequately supervised until they are competent to
perform the work safely.

The demolition contractor should maintain records of the training programs and the competencies
attained by individual workers.

Description of the training involve for the employees
Details on the training needs
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NO.
6.
Emergency procedures
Before work commences, the demolition contractor should provide for first aid
requirements and prompt medical attention in the case of serious injury.

These emergency procedures should be documented in the Demolition Safety Plan.

Contact numbers for emergency services should be prominently displayed. Evacuation
procedures should be established and communicated to all workers.

A reliable and effective means of communication should be established between all areas
of work and the demolition supervisor, to permit and ensure effective evacuation of danger
areas.

Rescue procedures need to be planned where workers are required to:
work at heights, using individual fall arrest systems
enter confined spaces.

Emergency procedures detail (eg. First aid requirements, location of the nearest medical
facility, contact numbers for emergency services, communication that need to be established
in work area)
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Demolition Methods
Deconstruction
Deliberate Collapse
Mechanism
Progressive
Demolition
BS 6187:2000
Code of Practice for
Demolition UK
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Breaking away the structure by
machine mounted percussive
breaker or other hydraulic
attachments

Deconstruction or Top-down
Technique by manual
Deconstruction or Top-down
Technique by machines
Breaking away the concrete by
hand held jack hammer,
pneumatic breaker or other
hand held tools

Deconstruction or Top-down Technique are those techniques that proceed from
the roof to ground in a general trend. On a floor by floor downward sequence,
depending on site conditions and structural elements to be demolished
Deconstruction
Demolition Methods
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Explosive Wire Rope Pulling
Demolition by deliberate collapse is the removal of the key structural members to
cause complete collapse of the whole or part of the building structures
Deliberate Collapse Mechanism
Demolition Methods
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Long Reach Machine with various
hydraulic attachments
Demolition Ball
The progressive demolition is the controlled removal of sections of the structure,
at the same time retaining the stability of the remainder and avoiding collapse of
the whole or part of the structure to be demolished.
Progressive Demolition
Demolition Methods
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Methods Activities Operation Applicability
Top down manual with
jack hammer or
pneumatic hammer
Breaking away the
concrete by hand held
jack hammer or
pneumatic hammer
-On a floor by floor
downward sequence -
Need precautionary
measures for
restricted site
-Broad scope of application -Effective
in narrow and localized place
Top down by machine
percussive breaker
Breaking away the
structure by machine
mounted percussive
break
downward sequence -
Adequate floor
support for machine -
Need precautionary
measures for
restricted site
-Wide range of application -Good
mobility
Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
Demolition Methods (Table 5 MS2318)
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Top down by machine
hydraulic crusher
Breaking away the
mounted hydraulic
crusher
downward sequence -
Adequate floor
support for machine -
Need precautionary
measures for
restricted site
mobility -Ability to separate steel bars
and frames
Hydraulic crusher with
long boom
Breaking away the
mounted hydraulic
crusher With long arm
extension
-Restrictive entry to
work area -Flat and
firm working ground -
Adequate clear space
mobility -Ability to separate steel bars
and frames
Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
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Wrecking ball Destruction by impact
of steel ball
suspended from a
crane
-Restrictive entry to
work area -Flat and
firm working ground -
Adequate clear space
-Good efficiency -Poor application for
underground columns and
foundations
Implosion Use of explosive -Protection from
noise, debris and
vibration -Qualified
blaster -Notification
and evacuation of
neighbourhood -Check
and cautiously handle
of misfiring
-Excellent demolition strength -Could
shorten the work period and reduce
labour -Risk assessment required to
be continued
Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
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Mechanical method
with machinery
Toppling or breaking
away structure by
large machinery from
outside the building
-Prevent toppling in
the wrong direction
and uncontrolled
collapse -Film working
ground
-Good efficiency -Poor application for
underground structure
Saw cutting with
circular saw or chain
saw
Cutting with circular
saw or chain saw
-Solid working
platform -
Arrangement for
hoisting out
-Allows precise separation
Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
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Wire saw cutting Cutting with wire saw -Solid working
platform -
Arrangement for
hoisting out section -
Counter measure to
prevent danger of wire
breaks
-Allows precise separation -Good for
cutting massive structures
Drilling Coring, drilling and
cutting by stitch
drilling
-Solid working
platform
-Allows precise separation -Good for
cutting massive structures
Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
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Non explosive
demolition agent
Expansion pressure
from absorption of
CaO or other chemical
reaction
-Good for foundation
Thermal lance Use of intense heat by
fusion of metal
-Protection of person
and properties from
intensive heat

Water jet Jetting of water at
high pressure
-Protection of person
and properties from
high pressure water

Ref: MS 2318:2010 (P)
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Safety & Health Provision in Demolition Work
Acts and Regulations Date of commencement

Code of Practice for Building Operations Code,
MS 282: Part 1 to 9 : 1975

Jun1975

The Factories and Machinery Act 1967
(Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction)
(Safety) Regulation 1986

1 October 1986

Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

24 Februari 1994

Guidelines for Public Safety and Health in
Construction Site

1994

Demolition of Buildings-Code of Practice
(1st Revision) MS 2318: 2010 (P)

2010
Guideline for Building Demolition
(Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya, MBPJ)
2011
Ref: Ily Hanisah Mohd Fauzey and Faridah Ismail, (2011) Demolition Work In Malaysia: The Safety Provisions
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Acts and Regulations Descriptions

Code of Practice for Building
Operations Code, MS 282:
Part 1 to 9 : 1975

This is the first Code of Practice (COP) in Malaysia that has the safe
practice provisions for demolition work (section 1) published under the
authority of the Standard Council in June 1975.

This COP covers all aspects of works related to every phase of building
operations to achieved desired standard of safety for every person linked
or might be affected by the building industry and also including the safety
of the public.

The basic requirements for the operations or procedures are only
applicable to ordinary building construction and not for heavy or
specialised types of work e.g., dam construction, river and revetment
works, electric transmission line construction etc. Other existing
legislations are not deliberately to be superseded by this Code.
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The Factories and Machinery
Act 1967
(Building Operations and
Works of Engineering
Construction) (Safety)
Regulation 1986

The history of Factories and Machinery Act (1986) 1967 can be trace
back since 120 years ago, in the late 19th century, with the first
establishment of steam boiler safety (1878) and later machinery safety
(1914).

The FMA 1986 gazetted on 1st October 1986 was an act under the
FMA 1967 which covers building operations and works of engineering
construction. The provisions of FMA 1986 are supposed to be an
addition to and not substitution or lessening any requirements
enforced by or under the FMA 1967.
57
Acts and
Regulations
Descriptions

Occupational
Safety and
Health Act 1994
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) became the new legislation on
occupational safety and health after being approved by the Parliament in 1993 and
gazetted in February 1994.
OSHA 1994 is an act that provides the legislative framework for almost every
industry in Malaysia after considering the fact that FMA 1967 only covered certain
industries in Malaysia. Although it did not specify detailed safety and health
measures need to be followed for each works/activities involved in the particular
industry or organization, this Act is a practical tool superimpose on existing safety
and health legislation.
A person or organization is never prosecuted under Code of Practice or guidelines
but they will be prosecuted under OSHA 1994. For example, if the employee
negligently not practices a safe working environment under Code of Practice of
Demolition Building MS 2318, he will be prosecuted under OSHA 1994 under general
duties of employer.
OSHA 1994 also overrules or supersedes any previous occupational safety and health
laws. For example, if there is any event of conflict and inconsistency between FMA
1986 and OSHA 1994, OSHA will supersede the FMA 1986.
58
Acts and
Regulations
Descriptions

Guidelines for
Public Safety and
Health in
Construction Site
This guideline provides a general safety and health provisions for demolition works
to serve as a handy reference to protect general public in that area or pedestrian
from hazards associated with it. The provisions stated shall be reviewed together
with other existing legislations and code of practices, as its aim to help
practitioners and workers on site.

The guideline has undergone revision in 2007 to improve the good work practice
among all parties at the workplace to prevent accident to the workers and public.
The previous guideline consists of general standard of references on general
provisions, preparatory work and catch platforms for demolition operations.
Where else, the current guideline shows an improvement by having more details
about the good practice for demolition work safety and health.
59
Acts and
Regulations
Descriptions

Guidelines for
Public Safety and
Health in
Construction Site
The current provision adds risk assessment study and competency of designated
personnel requirement in general provision. An additional provision has been
added regarding the work during demolition process. It sets out the responsibility
of contractor in providing necessary information related to safety and health to
worker and public, following the demolition sequence and method provided by
demolition/structural engineer, ensuring the compliances of safety and health
plan requirement, providing personal protective equipment (PPE) and lastly
adequate steps in managing debris and dust in the workplace.
60

Demolition of Buildings-
Code of Practice
(1st Revision) MS 2318:
2010 (P)
This Code of Practice (COP) is the latest Standard for demolition of
buildings in Malaysia based on Hong Kong Code of Practice resulting
from a major tragedy that blow up and became huge controversy in
the Malaysian demolition industry in 2009.

Earlier provision or legislation appeared to be too general and not
specific to demolition work. It has been developed by the technical
committee for construction practices under the supervision of
Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia.

This COP is adapted to provide guidance on the safe and good
practices for demolition work and for compliance with the
requirements of the relevant provisions by local authorities. However,
aspects related to occupational safety and health are not included and
should be referenced to other relevant requirements and regulations.
61

Demolition of Buildings-
Code of Practice
(1st Revision) MS 2318:
2010 (P)
The COP outlined guidelines applicable to: a) Buildings demolition work
b) Individual structures
c) Partial demolition of buildings
d) Basements
e) Underground tanks
f) Common civil engineering structures, e.g., silos, industrial
plants, piers, etc.

Major civil engineering works are not applicable or covered in this
COP, such as underpinning, excavation, highway or railway bridges,
dams and steel or timber structures in buildings. Regardless of this
lacking, it is hope that the new Malaysian Standard can provide or
assist demolition practitioners with more details and appropriate
approach to improve safety and health management.

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HIRARC in Demolition Works
Guideline for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk
Control (HIRARC) DOSH 2008

Hazard and Risk in Demolition (Refer to Code of Practice)

Asbestos in Demolition

Example HIRARC in Demolition

Demolition Checklist

Links to Managing Safety on Industrial Demolition Projects

63
General Site Provisions
Shoring and Underpinning
The demolition contractor has a legal obligation to show technical competence when carrying out the work. When removing
sections of the building which could have leave other parts unsafe, adequate temporary supports and shoring etc. must be
provided.
Protective Clothing
Buildings where chemicals have been stored or where asbestos, lead paint, dust or fumes may be present will require specialized
protective clothing, e.g. respirators, helmets, goggles, footwear, gloves, etc. Projecting nails, pieces of metal, etc. resulting from
demolition can cause accidents.
Plant and Equipment
Must only be operated by skilled operators and must be regularly serviced.
64
General Site Provisions (Cont)
Weather Conditions
These can affect safety. Strong winds or drifting snow against unsafe walls, suspended
floors etc. which are unpropered may lead to collapse.
Debris
Sections of the building must not be overloaded with debris either on suspended floors
or against party walls.
Working Areas
These will need to be well signposted and clear warnings given that demolition work is
in progress. This may include the necessity for some kind of lighting.
65
General Site Provisions (Cont)
Scaffolding and Hoarding
These must be constructed and illuminated to the relevant building regulations.
Overhead Cables
An crane heights etc. must be checked against the height of any surrounding overhead cables to
avoid damage and cutting off supplies etc.
Flooding
The build-up of water can sometimes be hazardous
66
Demolition
Hazards & Control Measures
HIRARC in Demolition
67
Hazards - Physical
Falling from height
Falls through openings & fragile materials
Uncontrolled/premature collapse
Noise
Flying debris
HAVS from tools
Whole body vibration from vehicles
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Cause nearby structures to collapse
Live services gas, electric, water
Fire
Broken glass from windows
Unguarded machinery
Floods
Electric shock
Manual Handling
Hazards - Physical
69
Dust
Asbestos
Silica
Residual contamination from previous use E.g.
hospitals, industrial processes
Hazards - Physical
70
Risk Assessment
Competent, trained staff
Safe system of work (derived from RA)
PPE helmets, boots, dust masks etc.
Safe demolition requires planning
Keep people as far away as possible
Use of demolition method statements
Control Measures
71
Supervision by competent person
Where possible, demolish in reverse order of
construction
Referring to Act, Regulations, Guidelines and Code of
Practice
Protect machine cabs to guard against falling objects
Temporary props may be required to support
unstable structures
Control Measures
72
Remove debris as it builds up to prevent floors/walls
collapsing
Disconnect live services (although water may be
required in event of a fire)
Remove hazardous materials
Provide site hoardings where necessary (about 2.5m
high)
Do not allow materials to fall into area where people
are working
Control Measures
73
Fans or covered walkways may be needed to catch
falling objects
Erect warning notices around hoardings
Remove window panes before demolition
Erect warning notices on doors, especially where
floors have been removed

Control Measures
74
Damp area down with water for dust control
Use rubbish chutes and barrier off skip area
Provide safe access & egress (especially where there are
no floors)
High standard of housekeeping
Secure ladders
Use safety harnesses where necessary
Create a buffer zone around the demolition area
Control Measures
75
Demolition Best Practices
Demolition
Scheduling and
Site Protection
Hazardous
Materials
Environmental
Concerns
Codes and
Standards
76
Demolition is often loosely regulated in rural areas--where buildings are not
densely packed--and the built structures themselves are often smaller with
fewer recyclable materials. Demolition in these circumstances is usually
uncomplicated, in that the structure can be knocked down and the debris can
be removed all together and taken to a landfill.

A schedule of demolition activities will be useful to avoid interference with any
concurrent operations and to minimize any disruption of utilities and services.
The architect or engineer will produce the necessary documents which clearly
outline the requirements for protecting individuals, adjacent buildings, and any
remaining site improvements and utilities during the demolition operations.
Scheduling And Site Protection
77
Scheduling And Site Protection (cont)
Some of the conditions need to be controlled in order to protect the
safety of individuals and property within the vicinity include: the
amount of dust created, the potential release of mold into the
atmosphere, and the amount of vibration produced that might affect
surrounding structures or the operation of nearby equipment.
Local authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted to review
rules and regulations prior to any demolition activities for specific
requirements for the control of dust and other pollutants during
demolition operations.
78
Hazardous Materials
With the demolition of structures and buildings, especially older
structures, comes the need to deal with hazardous materials. Through
a building survey conducted by a qualified professional, the architect or
engineer will know the types, extent, and condition of hazardous
materials present.
Hazardous materials include, but are not limited to asbestos,
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), and lead. The potential for the release
of asbestos, which is the most common hazardous material found in
buildings, is of particular concern.
The demolition contractor will use the services of a licensed abatement contractor (
a contractor who specialize in the removal of hazardous materials)
79
Environmental Concerns
In a sense, demolition contractors were "green" before going green was
mainstream, because there have long been economic incentives to recycle
materials such as asphalt, wood, metal, brick and concrete. As a result, the
demolition contractor has a greater awareness of construction waste
management and disposal. There is a greater interest in deconstructing a
building to reduce the amount of waste going to landfills. This method allows
the contractor to recover, reuse, and recycle much of the demolition waste.
80
Demolition Codes & Standard
81
Demolition Case Studies
Case Study 1
Case Study 2
Case Study 3
82
Introduction
Jaya Supermarket Collapsed, 28
th
May 2009
Demolition Works Before the Building Collapsed
The Building Collapsed during the Demolition Works
The Building Collapsed During Demolition Killing 7 Workers
83

The demolition of any type of structure is unique due to the shear
number of parameters that govern the demolition process. A parameter,
which might be of great importance on a particular demolition project,
might not be so if, for instance, the same demolition project was
considered with a different site confinement.

The changing nature of demolition parameters from one demolition
project to another makes the selection of demolition techniques difficult
and a risky process for the demolition engineers.

Demolition involves dangerous operation and therefore HIRARC need to
be done to ensure the safety of the person on and off site.

Form an association for demolition contractor and demolition engineers
Increase professionalism i.e. Institute of Demolition Engineers UK,
National Federation of Demolition Contractors NFDC (UK), National
Association of Demolition Contractors NADC (US) i.e. Malaysian
Federation of Demolition Contractors (MFDC)

Conclusion
84
THANK YOU..

ASSOC. PROF. DR ARHAM ABDULLAH
CIVIL ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
arham@utm.my

Notes: Please visits Institute of Demolition Engineers (UK) for more information
on promoting and fostering the science of Demolition Engineering.
(http://www.demolitionengineers.net/ja15/ )

Innovative Demolition Research Group UTM
http://www.icc.utm.my/demolition/index.htm

CIDB Demolition Seminar - Dr. Arham Slide

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