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The Thevenin theorem can be stated as follows,

1. When a particular branch is removed from a circuit, the open circuit voltage appears across the terminals
of the circuit, is Thevenin equivalent voltage and,
2. The equivalent resistance of the circuit network looking back into the terminals, is Thevenin equivalent
resistance.
3. If we replace the rest of the circuit network by a single voltage source, then the voltage of the source
would be Thevenin equivalent voltage and internal resistance of the voltage source would be Thevenin
equivalent resistance which would be connected in series with the source as shown in the figures below.

Original circuit Thevenin Equivalent circuit

Nortons theorem is just alternative of Thevenin theorem. In Norton theorem, we just replace the circuit
connected to a particular branch by equivalent current source. In this theorem, the circuit network is reduced
into a single constant current source in which, the equivalent internal resistance is connected in parallel with it.
Every voltage source can be converted into equivalent current source.

Nortons Equivalent circuit


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