Here are some of the subjects that can be shown with a math manipulative or pictures.

Counting (in number bases up to 10)

Place value (in number bases up to 10)
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication, including lattice
Division (Demonstration of the long division algorithm)
Natural Numbers
Addition (several ways)
Subtraction (several ways)
Multiplication (several ways)
Division (several ways)
Inequality
Fractions (Workshop notes)
Equivalent fractions
Inequality
Addition (like and unlike denominators)
Subtraction (like and unlike denominators)
Multiplication
Canceling common factors
Division including a demonstration of invert and multiply
Ratio and Proportion
Integers (Workshop notes)
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication including a demonstration of negative times negative is positive
Division
Inequality
Algebra
Commutativity, Associativity, Distributivity
Ratio and Proportion (> 8 distinct ways) (Workshop computer files)
Solving and Graphing linear equations with rational coefficients (Workshop notes)
Concrete representation of
Slope of line
Evaluation at a point
x and y intercepts
Finding an equation for a line given two points on the line
Solving two simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns (Workshop notes)
Concrete representation of determinant in two unknowns
Cramer’s rule in two dimensions
Finding rational solutions to quadratic equations with rational coefficients
Number Theory
Greatest Common Divisor (2 ways)
Euclidean Algorithm and Continued Fractions
Least Common Multiple
If a prime divides a product, it divides one of the factors
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
Solving linear Diophantine Equations
Chinese Remainder Theorem
Euler’s formula for the number and sum of the divisors of a number