Grade 6 Bilingual Math

2D graph and its position

Jackie.Zhou
junzhou013@gmail.com
Yantai YewWah International School
(1) There are x students in a class,
3
5
of them are boys, then there
are boys in that class.
(2) The length of a cube is acm, then the volume of it is
cm
3
(3) As in the graph, the area of the shaded region is
Ans: (1)
3
5
x (2) a
3
(3)
1
2
ab
1
2
mn
Monomial: expression which is product of numbers and letters,
e.g.
3
5
x, a
3
Remark: A single number or a letter is also a monomial. E.g.,
4, 19, b, s are all monomials.
Polynomial:the addition of several monomials. E.g.,
1
2
ab
1
2
mn, 2x 1.
Term: each monomial in a polynomial. E.g., terms of 2x 1
are 2x and 1
Monomial: polynomial with 1 term
Binomial: polynomial with 2 terms
Trinomial: polynomial with 3 terms
Quadrinomial: polynomial with 4 terms
.
.
.
Degree of monomial: the addition of indices of all letters.
E.g. The degree of monomial
3
5
x is 1; the degree of monomial a
2
h
is 1 + 2 = 3.
Degree of polynomial: the highest degree of all terms
E.g. The degree of
1
3
x
2
y + 2y 1 is 3
Exercise (Give the degree for each of the following)
(1) a
(2)
1
3
x
2
y
(3) 2x 1
(4) x
2
+ xy + y
2
Both monomial and polynomial are called integral expression
1. Which ones are monomial? Which ones are polynomials? What
are their degrees?
7h, xy
3
+ 1, 2ab + 6,
2
5
x by
3
2. How many terms do each polynomial has? What are the
coecient and degree for each term? What is the degree for each
polynomial?
(1)
1
3
x x
2
y + 2
(2) x
3
2x
2
y
2
+ 3y
2
3. Find the area for the shaded region.
Addition/Subtraction of integral expressions:Remove
parenthesis, then unite like terms
Remove parenthesis
+ before ( ): remove the parenthesis and +, the sign for
each term in the parenthesis keep unchanged
- before ( ): remove the parenthesis and -, the sign for
each term in the parenthesis changed
Example (remove parenthesis and unite the like terms)
(1) 4a (a 3b)
(2) a + (5a 3b) (a 2b)
(3) 3(2xy y) 2xy
Example: Calculate
(1) addition of 2x
2
3x + 1 and 3x
2
+ 5x 7
(2) dierence of x
2
+ 3xy
1
2
y
2
and
1
2
x
2
+ 4xy
3
2
y
2
Sol: (1) Addition
(2x
2
3x + 1) + (3x
2
+ 5x 7)
=2x
2
3x + 13x
2
+ 5x 7
=(2 3)x
2
+ (3 + 5)x + (1 7)
=x
2
+ 2x 6
(2) Subtraction
(x
2
+ 3xy
1
2
y
2
) (
1
2
x
2
+ 4xy
3
2
y
2
)
=x
2
+ 3xy
1
2
y
2
+
1
2
x
2
4xy +
3
2
y
2
=. . .
Exercise (Calculation)
(1) (4k
2
+ 7k) + (k
2
+ 3k 1)
(2) 7 + 8x 3x
2
) (3x
2
4x + 5)
(3) 3x
2
(2x
2
+ 5x 1) (3x + 1)
(4) 4y
2
(x
2
+ y) + (x
2
4y
2
)
(5) (3x
2
+ 4x 1) 3(x
2
+ 3x)
(6) 5(x
2
3) 2(3x
2
+ 5)
Exercise (Fill in blanks)
(1) (4a
2
+ 3a 2) + = a
2
+ 7a + 9
(2) (3b
2
4ab + 6) = 5b
2
+ 7ab 3
(3) 2(a
2
4ab + 6) + = 2b
2
+ 8ab + 7
(4) 2(3m
2
+ m + 3) = 2m
2
+ 8
a a a = a
n

power: a
n

base number: a

exponent(index): n
Rule: a
m
a
n
= a
m+n
(m,n are both positive integers)
(1) (3)
7
(3)
6
=
(2) (
1
10
)
3
(
1
10
) =
(3) x
3
x
5
=
(4) b
2m
b
2m+1
=
(5) 7 7
3
7
2
=
Rule: (a
m
)
n
= a
mn
(m,n are positive integers)
(1) (10
2
)
3
=
(2) (b
5
)
5
=
(3) (a
n
)
3
=
(4) (x
2
)
m
=
(5) 2(a
2
)
6
(a
3
)
4
=
(6) (
1
3
)
3
)
2
=
(7) p (p)
4
) =
(8) (x
4
)
6
(x
3
)
8
(9) (x
3
) = x
12
Rule: (ab)
n
= a
n
b
n
( n is positive integer)
(1) (3x)
2
=
(2) (2b)
5
=
(3) (2xy)
4
=
(4) (3a
2
)
n
=
(5) (3n)
3
=
(6) (y
2
z
3
)
3
=
(7) (p
2
q)
n
=
(8) (3x
3
)
2
[(2x)
2
]
3
=
Rule: a
m
a
n
= a
mn
( m, n are positive integers, mn)
(1) a
7
a
4
=
(2) (x)
6
(x)
3
=
(3) (xy)
4
(xy) =
(4) b
3m+2
b
2
=
(5) (x + y)
7
(x + y)
2
=
(6) (
3
2
)
6
(
3
2
)
2
=
(7) a
5
( ) = a
8
(8) x
2
x
5
( ) = x
1
9
(9)
a
11
a
3
=
(10)
(bc)
4
(bc)
2
=
Rule: a
0
= 1(a = 0),a
p
=
1
a
p
(a = 0, p is positive integer)
(1) 10
3
=
1
10
3
=
1
1000
= 0.001
(2) 7
0
8
2
=
(3) 1.6 10
4
=
(4) 5
2
=
(5) 2
6
2
3
2
5
=
(6) (
1
2
+ 5 32 60)
0
=
(7) (
1
2
)
0
=
Monomial monomial: coecient coecient, power with
same base power with same base, others keep unchanged
(1) 2xy
2

1
3
xy = (2
1
3
) (x x) (y
2
y) =
2
3
x
2
y
3
(2) (2a
2
b
3
) (3a) = [(2) (3)] (a
2
a) b
3
= 6a
3
b
3
(3) (4 10
5
) (5 10
4
) =
(4 5) (10
5
10
4
) = 20 10
9
= 2 10
10
(4) 5x
3
2x
2
y =
(5) (3ab) (4b
2
) =
(6) (2x
2
y)
3
(4xy
2
) =
(7)
2
5
x
2
y
3

5
8
xyz =
(8) (2a
n+2
) (3a
n1
b) =
(9) (xy
2
z
3
)
2
(x
2
y)
3
=
Monomial polynomial: monomial each term of polynomial
(1) 2ab(5ab
2
+ 3a
2
b) = 2ab 5ab
2
+ 2ab 3a
2
b = 10a
2
b
2
+ 6a
3
b
2
(2) (
2
3
ab
2
2ab)
1
2
ab =
2
3
ab
2

1
2
ab + (2ab)
1
2
ab =
1
3
a
2
b
3
a
2
b
2
(3) 3xy(x
2
y + xy
2
) =
(4)
1
2
mn(m
2
n) =
(5) 5y(x
2
+ xy y
2
) =
(6) (2a
3
ab
n
) (3ab
2n
) =
(7) a
n
(a
n+1
+ a
n
b + b
n
) =
(8) 2a
2
(
1
2
ab + b
2
) =
Polynomial polynomial: each term of polynomial 1 each
term of polynomial 2
(1) (1x)(6x) = 16+1(x) +(x) 6+(x) (x) =
6 x 6x + x
2
= 6 7x + x
2
(2) (2x + y)(x y) = 2x x + 2x (y) + y x + y (y) =
2x
2
2xy + xy y
2
= 2x
2
xy y
2
(3) (x + a)(x + b) =
(4) (m + 2n)(m2n) =
(5) (2n + 5)(n 3) =
(6) (2x + 3)(x 1) =
(7) (2m1)(3m2) =
(8) (x + 2y)
2
=
(9) (a + b + c)(c + d + e) =
Dierence of two squares: (a + b)(a b) = a
2
b
2
(1) (a + b)(a b) = a a + a (b) + b a + b (b) =
a
2
ab + ab b
2
= a
2
b
2
(2) (x + 2y)(x 2y) = x
2
(2y)
2
= x
2
4y
2
(3) 5 + 6x)(5 6x) =
(4) (m + n)(mn) =
(5) (3x + 7y)(3x 7y) =
(6) (2m3n)(2m + 3n) =
(7) (2x + 3y)(2x 3y) =
(8) (mn 3n)(mn + 3n) =
(9) x
2
+ (y x)(y + x) =
1. As in gure 1, nd the area of the big rectangle.
2. As in gure 2, AB = a, P is a point on AB. Plot two squares
according to AP, PB.
(1) if AP = x, nd the area of the two squares S
(2) when AP =
1
3
a,
1
2
a, compare the two areas S
1
, S
2
.
3. As in gure 3, nd the area of the shaded region.
Figure: 1 Figure: 2 Figure: 3
Perfect square formula:
(a + b)
2
= a
2
+ 2ab + b
2
, (a b)
2
= a
2
2ab + b
2
(1) (x + 2)
2
= x
2
+ 2 x 2 + 2
2
= x
2
+ 4x + 4
(2) (2x 1)
2
=
(3) (4x + 5y)
2
=
(4) (
1
2
x 2y)
2
=
(5) (n + 1)
2
n
2
=
(6) (7a + 2)
2
=
(7) (c +
1
2
)
2
=
(8) (mn a)
2
=
(9) 102
2
=
(10) 197
2
=
(11) (a + b + 3)(a + b 3) =
Monomial monomial: coecientcoecient, power with
same base power with same base
(1) (10a
4
b
3
c
2
) (5a
3
bc) = (10 5) (a
4
a
3
) (c
2
c) = 2ab
2
c
(2) (8m
2
n
2
) (2m
2
n) = (8 2) (m
2
m
2
) (n
2
n) = 4n
(3) (8x
6
y
3
) (7xy
2
) (14x
4
y
3
) =
[8 (7) 14] (x
6
x x
4
) (y
3
y
2
y
3
= 4x
3
y
2
(4) (7a
5
b
3
c
5
) (14a
2
b
3
c) =
Polynomialmonomial:each term of polynomial monomial
(1) (ad + bd) d = ad d + bd d = a + b
(2) (a
2
b + 3ab) a =
(3) (9x
2
y 6xy
2
) (3xy) =
(4) (27a
3
15a
2
+ 6a) (3a) =