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HEFRACHLE BOHHL

Hcmopun cneuuaniuix cny


1919-1945
n 1pex 1ouax
H. H. Ranpep
HEFRACHLE BOHHL
Hcmopun cneuuaniuix cny
1919-1945
n pnyx xnurax:
Knura nepnan
Ycnonnm uup
Knura n1opan
Bona
(n pnyx 1ouax)
''pyx''
Opecca, 2007

H. H. Ranpep




HEFRACHLE BOHHL
Hcmopun cneuuaniuix cny
1919-1945



Knura nepnan
Ycnonnm uup
''pyx''
Opecca, 2007
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12 = 1. 1suuucuuuz uscxu {Cl1
2. Iynnu uscxu 14c usuuucuucc ncuc.cuuz {Cl1
1lll = uscxu sccuuc:ccxux cu. {Ic:uuuz
1lI = ucu:yucoccsuz ynnu
1o: = c:c. {Ic:uuuz
1lI = 1:cuxuucxuz ynnu sc.cu:ccs
1lIOI = 1u:uquuuc:cxcc scc uucucc ccscocxcuuz Icc.usuu
1I1C = `C.yxou nc:cu scyx = c:.z` {Cl1
1I4lJC = Jcxuuccxuu u:uo ccyccs usuuuu u cyxcny:uwx cu. {Cl1
1l4 = 1:cuxuucxuc axcncuucuuwc cu.w
1l = ucx:cu: scyuucu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
1ll = Ccuuuccxcc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc {1sc:u.uz
1l1O = cquc cszu usuuucuucu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
1lC = cucxuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {lc.uxcou:uuuz
1l = Iuucuu..uuz u:uz {lc..uu
11 = 1. `Ocscocu:c..uuz u:uz` {lc..uz
2. Iucuuz u:uz {lc..uu
114l^O = `Ccuuwc cyxcny:uwc sccuuucsuuuwc cncuuu`
1^IOJ = Ccuucc sccuucc ynus.cuuc cxxynucsuuuwx :cu:cuu
1Illl = Ccsc: u:uu u q.c:u nc uucuscxc {Cl1
1Illll = lccuuuucuuwu xc:u:c: u:uu u q.c:u nc uucuscxc {Cl1
1ICJ = c:c.cuuc uoscu
1O = 3uyocxuuz cuuuuuz IC1l
1O\ = 1:uuuc:u:usuccuuuuucuucc ynus.cuuc
1l1 = lucuucnc.u:uccxcc ouc IC1l
1l1 = 1:cuxuucxuz u:uuuc:uuz nc:cu
1llOC = 1u.cccsc:cxcc uxucucucc :ccscc cocc:sc
1C = 1. Ccxc:uuz u:uz` {lc..uz
2. `Ccxc:uuz u:uz` {4uuuz
1ClI = 1sc:u.uucxuz ynnu cncuu..ucu uuccszu
1CJ = ouc {c:c., ncc: uoscu
1C\ = lcuc.cuuz ux:usucu c.yxow ll1
1C4 = coccncusuuuc scucxu {Cl1
1JlC = Ccuuuccxuz ccxuz nccscuxcs
1\ = `lcnc:cu:c..uwc ncuc.cuuz` {lc.uxcou:uuuz
17\ = 1:uuuc:u:usucxczuc:scuucc ynus.cuuc
174O = 1:uuuc:u:usucxczuc:scuuwu u quuuuccswu c:c.
1lC = Oocc:sc nc nccxxc oc.ow nc:us suu {^u.uuz

l11I = lu:uucxuz u:cucxuz ynnu nc:cu


lll = `lu:c:sc lc.cc lcc:u`
llO = luc nc cncuu..uw: cncuuz: {Iuc.uuw
llC = luc sccuucu c:u:uc:uxu {lu:uu
llJ = luc nuc:cs.cuuu x scsucuuu {Iuc.uuw
l1 = 1:uz coccuw lu:w
lll = Ccsc: nc axcuc:uccxcu scuuc {Cl1
lll = luc ucc.ccsuuuz lucuccs {4uuuz
ll = luc uscxu {Iuc.uuw
ll1 = 1:uz ucusucu:cc:u lu:w
llI = Iuuc.xcc uuqc:uucuucc ouc
1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A JU
llll = luqc:uucuucuuu.u:uccxcc ouc nc xcu:uscxc {4uuuz
llC = luux :cxyuucuwx ucc:cs {lscuuuz
lll = lc.ucxuz xc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz
l^1 = luc nc uu:uccyuc:scuuw: ncucxu: {4uuuz
l^lJ = lccuucc ouc nuc:cs.cuuu x scsucuuu {Iuc.uuw
lI1 = lu:uucxuz uuucuu..uuz u:uz
lIl = luc uuucuu..ucu occnucucc:u {Iuc.uuw
lI = 4ccu..uuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {4lI
lI| = `lc.cyccxuu uuucuu..uwu cu:`
lO1 = luc scyuuwx cncuuu {4uuuz
lOl = lc.uucxuz cncu:usuuz ouu OCC
ll = luc ucc.ccsuuuu {Cl1
llO = occcscu uucc:z {CCCl
lll = lc.ucxuz uocuz nu:uz
llC = luc ucc.ccsuuuu u c:u:uc:uxu {lu:uu
ll\C1 = cc.uucuuc c ou:uucxcu:cuxuucxc: cc:yuucc:sc s co.uc:u xun:cuquu
ll^ = luc nc c.u: cccuucxux a:uuu:cs {^uu.xyuz
lCl = occsxu C.yxow occnucucc:u O\I
lCl = lu:uucxuz :uccuz nc xccuuuuu occnucucc:u
lC1l = Occocc ouc lucc:uuucc .cucuu
lC^ = luc sccuucu occnucucc:u {4uuuz
lCl1 = |cu:u..ucc ouc uscxu u cuc:suz {4uuuz
lCl1^ = |cu:u..ucc sccuucc ouc uscxu u cuc:suz {4uuuz
lCCl = lu:u..cuw c:c:u ncuuuuwx c:c.xcs {lc..uu
l\4 = lu:uucxuu ccu quuuc:cs
l44 = 4ccu..ucc scc:c:sc nc cxuuc xcuc:u:yuu {4lI
l7 = `lcc:.zucxuc ou:u..cuw` {lc..uu
l|l = luc cu:u.uuuu uscxu {4uuuz
ll = luc uuqcs {lc..uu
lll = lc.cyccxuu u:uo nu:uuucxcc suxcuuz
B
l1J = sccuuwu u::uuc
lll = c:c. suy:cuucu uuqc:uuu {\Il
llC = 1. lwcuuu sccuuwu ccsc: {lC4Cl
2. lccuucscyuuwc cu.w
l3l = c:c. uyocxucu uuqc:uuu {\Il
lll = lwcuuz xucucuu:cuuuz uxc.u
l^1J = sccuuc:ccxcu u::uuc
l^l = lccuuc:ccxcu xcu:c.. {lC4Cl
l^^ = lccuuc:ccxuz :uccuz {ncuuz
l^C = 1. lwcuuu :cuuxuccxuu ccsc: {cuuuuuz cccuucxcu a:uuuu
2. lccuuc:ccxuc cu.w
lIl = c.yxou sccuucu cszu u uucuscxu sc:ux:u
lI\C = scucxu suy:cuucu c.yxow {lC4Cl
lO = 1. lcc:cuwu c:c.
2. lccuuwu cxy
. lccuuwu c:c. {u..ucscc:cuuz ccnyo.uxu
l.O.I. = Iynnw uucuuo.ucuuz {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lOlC = lccccuucc cocc:sc xy..:yuwx cszcu c uuuucu
lOl = c:z cccocc uuuucuuz {\CCl
lOC = lccuuuz c.yxou occnucucc:u {Icc.usuz
lO7l = scucxu suy:cuucu cxuuw {CCCl
ll = Ccx:c suyu..ucc ncc:us.cuuz {Cl1
ll = sccuucnc.csuz xuuu:cuz \l1
llO = sccuuucsuuuuz ncxuuuz cxuuu
JJ 1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A
lll = lccuuccsc.uucuuwu xc:u:c:
llIO = `luy:cuuzz cccuucxuz uuucuu..uuz cuuuuuz`
lCO = lccuucc:u:uc:uccxuu c:c. {lC4Cl
lCJ = lu:uz ncqccuuwx co1cuucuuu {lcnuuuz
l\ll = sccsccxcc ynus.cuuc cocc:scuucu occnucucc:u {lc..uu
l\l = lccyxuuucxuz cswuuuuz xc:uccuz nc oc.oc c xcu:csc.uucu {\CCl
l\|ll = lccyxuuucxuu cu:u..uwu ucnc.uu:c..uwu xc:u:c: {\CCl
l| = sccuuuz cuyu
l|ll = lcccccuucxuu cu:u..uwu ucnc.uu:c..uwu xc:u:c:
ll = lcccccuucxuz cswuuuuz xc:uccuz nc oc.oc c xcu:csc.uucu u cuoc:uxc:
ll = lcxcsuwu u:uo IOlI u 1I {Icc.usuz
lll = lwcuuz uxc.u xcu:uscxu {CCCl
I
I1 = `Iynnu cu:ccoccuw` {4uuuz
I1l = Iynnu nu:uc:uccxcc cuc:suz {l:u.uz
I1\ = I.usucc uxusucc ynus.cuuc
IlO = 1. Iccyuc:scuuuz suy:cuuzz cxuuu {^cuc.uz
2. Icucu..uwu sccuuwu cxy {\Il
IlC\ = I.usucc sccuucc:cu:c..ucc ynus.cuuc scucx Ill CCCl
I = Iynnu uu:w {4uuuz
II = `Ic..uucxuz ccxc:uuz c.yxou`
I3l = I.usucc ynus.cuuc uuqc:uuu {lc..uu
Il = C.yxou suy:cuucu uscxu u xcu:uscxu {Iuc.uuw
IlO = Iccyuc:scuuwu xc:u:c: coccuw
IlOI = `Iynnu xc::yuuc:cs cccocc uuuucuuz` {\CCl
Ill = Ic:uucxuz xc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz
Ill = Iynnu nc suy:cuuc:y uuca.cx:cuuc:y xcu:c.u {4uuuz
I1 = Iucuuz suuz {lc..uu
IO\ = Iynnu co1cuuusuuxcz cquccs {1cu:uuu
IlO = Iccyuc:scuuuz nc.u:uccxuz cxuuu {ll
Il\ = 1. I.usucc nc.u:uccxcc ynus.cuuc
2. Iccyuc:scuucc nc.u:uccxcc ynus.cuuc
Il\ = I.usucc uscwsu:c..ucc ynus.cuuc
IC2 = xccscc cocuucuuc cqucu uscxu {luuuu
IClll = sccuuuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {Iuc.uuw, :c xc, :c u ^l
ICl = luscwsu:c..ucc c:c.cuuc cucu..ucc u:uou .usucc xc:uucsuuuz
ou:uucxu:u scucxu:u uu l.uxuc: u Ccuc: lcc:cxc
ICO1, ICO2, ICO = cqucw cucu..ucc u:uou 1c, 2c u c x.ucccs {luuuu
ICl = Iuou.:ucxuz nc.uuz occnucucc:u
IC{l = 1. O:c. cncuu..uwx cncuuu cucu..ucc u:uou {lc.uxcou:uuuz
2. usccucuuwu c:c. cucu..ucc u:uou .usucc xc:uucsuuuz ou:uucxu:u
scucxu:u uu l.uxuc: u Ccuc: lcc:cxc
IJ\ = I.usucc :uucnc:ucc ynus.cuuc
I\lC = I.usucc ynus.cuuc sccuucc cuuoxcuuz
I\Il = I.usucc ynus.cuuc ccyuc:scuucu occnucucc:u
I\ICl = I.usucc ynus.cuuc ccc1c:xu u xu:cuquu
I\Il = I.usucc ynus.cuuc Icucu..ucc u:uou
I\C = I.usucc ynus.cuuc nc c:cu:c..c:sy uu u..uc: lcc:cxc {u..c:cu
I\ll = .usucc ynus.cuuc xcuscuuwx scucx
I\ll = I.usucc ynus.cuuc xcu:uscxu
I\11I = I.usucc ynus.cuuc .ucz:u
I\ll = .usucc ynus.cuuc ncuuscucx
I\lll = I.usucc ynus.cuuc ncuuuuwx u suy:cuuux scucx
I\llO = I.usucc ynus.cuuc ncuuuucu u suy:cuucu cxuuw
I\lO = I.usucc ynus.cuuc ncxuucu cxuuw
1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A J2
I\lOl = I.usucc ynus.cuuc ncuuuucu cxuuw u scucx
I\lOul = I.usucc ynus.cuuc ncuuuucu cxuuw u scucx
I\ll^ = I.usucc ynus.cuuc uoccxcc:.zucxcu :u.uuu
I4l = :uuuuz nc.csuz nc.uuz {Ic:uuuz
Il l1 = Icucu..uwu u:uo lucucu 1:uu
I\ = I.usucc axcuc:uccxcc ynus.cuuc
,
ll = u..ucscc:cuwu xuu
ll = u..ucscc:cuuz ccnyo.uxu
Ill = Icucu..uuz ucxuz uycuuz u ucc.ccsuuuu {4uuuz
Ill = Icucu..uuz ucxuz ucc.ccsuuuu u ucu:uquxuuu {u.u
I^l = cucu..uwu ucx:c sccuucu uscxu {luuuu
ICl = I.usucc ynus.cuuc uucucu occnucucc:u {ly:wuuz
ICC = Icucu..uuz ucxuz ccxc:uwx c.yxo {4uuuz
l = cnu:u:cu: ccyuc:scuucu cxuuw {\xuuuu = c::uuu:
^l = u:cc:u:c.. ucx:cu sccuucu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
O{l = ucy.zucc ncuc.cuuc 1:uu.:cuc:su .z nccxxu :uuuwx
cncuuu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lO = xccscc cocuucuuc cqucu uscxu {luuuu
12 = Ooccuuwc cszu2 {luuuu
1O = Oquc nc cszz: s co.uc:u occnucucc:u {lc.uxcou:uuuz
^1 = O:c.cuuc sccuucu uacuus:uxu {Cl1
^l = ucx:cu: sccuucu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
^O = ucx:cu: sccuuwx cncuuu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
^Ol = 1. ucx:cu: sccuuwx cncuuu u uscxu {luuuu
2. ucx:c sccuuwx cncuuu u uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
^l = cucuu..uwu sccuuwu ncc:usu:c.. {4uuuz
Il = ucx:c :ccxcu uscxu 1:uu.:cuc:su {lc.uxcou:uuuz
Ol = usccucuuuz sccuuuz cuuuuuz {lc..uu
OI = ll {coccuu:c..uwu cqcu: xc:uucsuuuz cucu..ucc cxyu {lc..uu
OlC = Occouz c.cuuz nc.u:uccxcc u ccuu..ucc nczxu {luu.uz
l = lucncxuz nc.u:uccxcu uu:w {lc..uu
l1 = 1.ucx:cu: nc.u:uxu u ucu:cs {lc.uxcou:uuuz
2. ucx:cu: nc.u:uccxux ccsc:cs {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lI = usccucuucuscwsu:c..uuz ynnu
lC = cuuqcsu..ucuscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {CCCl
CIC = \nus.cuuz cocu occnucucc:u ccyuc:su {ly:wuuz
C3 = c.cu:yu sccyxcuuwx cu. {lc..uu
Cl = O:c.cuuc cncuu..ucu uuqc:uuu {Cl1
C^ = ucxuz sccuucu occnucucc:u {4uuuz
CO = 1. Oquc nc uu:c occnucucc:u {lc.uxcou:uuuz
2. ucx:cu: cncuu..uwx cncuuu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
CO{1 = ucx:cu: cncuu..uwx cncuuu nc uuocxc:y :uy {lc.uxcou:uuuz
CO{l = ucx:cu: cncuu..uwx cncuuu nc lu.xuuu: {lc.uxcou:uuuz
Cl = ucx:cu: cncuu..ucu ncnuuuw {lc.uxcou:uuuz
Cl,C^ = ucxuz c.yxow uscxu u sccuucu occnucucc:u {4uuuz
CC = ucx:c c:u:cuccxux c.yxo {Cl1
CJ = \nus.cuuc nc uuo.ucuuu u :cu:cuz:u {4uuuz
JO = ccxuc:uucnc:uwu c:c.
\ = `Ic:uucxuz ucxcuucxuz c.yxou`
1
lC = Ccxuz ccucx u ucncc.cuuz {lc.uxcou:uuuz = Cl1
l^Cll = Occocc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc nc lcc:cuc:y Ccuc:uc:c.u
{lc.uxcou:uuuz
J3 1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A
lllC = Ccxuz cocycsuuuz .z usuuuucc cnuccuuz {Cl1
lJO = lscncucxuu :cu: sccuuwx cuc:suu
3
3l3 = `Ccu sccyxcuucu oc.ow` {lc..uu
31 = cscocuuz cuu {4uuuz
3IO = uccxxynucsuuuuz cuu {4uuuz
3O = cxxynucsuuuuz cuu {4uuuz
3\3 = 3unuucyxuuucxuc c:.u
3\Il = 3unuuc\xuuucxuz uucuuz ccnyo.uxu
3\IlO = `3unuuc\xuuucxuz uucuuz csc.uucuuuz cuuuuuz`
3 = `Ccu uuyu` {lc..uu

ll = luscwsu:c..ucc ouc {luuz


lIl = cucu..uwu uucncx:c nc.uuu {lu:uucxuz u:ncuz
lll = luuucxcc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lll = luc:u:y: ucc.ccsuuuu u uuscc:uuu {lu:uu
lll = ^cxscc:c:scuuwu xc:u:c: nc uscxc {Cl1
lll = luc:u:y: uycuuz ccyccs {lu:uu
ll| = |cu: nc:wu.cuucu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
llll = lcnc.uu:c..uwu lc:u:c: lc::yuuc:uccxcc lu:cuuucuu.u
l^ = `luuucxuz :uccuz` COl {lc.uxcou:uuuz
l^l = luc:u:y: :cxyuucuwx ucc.ccsuuuu {lu:uu
lI1 = luuucxuz uuucuu..uuz u:uz
lIl = luuucxuu uuucuu..uwu xcuccc
lIO = 1. lucc:uuuwu c:c.
2. lcuuuuuz uscxu nc uxccuy
lI41IO = luqc:uucuucucu:yuwu c:c.
lI4lllO = luqc:uucuucc ouc nu lcnycc sccuucu xuuu:cuu {\Il
lI4O = luqc:uucuuwu c:c.
lll = luuucxuz nc.u:uccxuz uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
ll1 = l.uucxuz ccnyo.uxuucxuz u:uz
ll = ccxuz nccxsu:u u cuuqcsxu 2c ouc q.c:u 4uuuu
lC = 1. luqc:uucuuuz c.yxou uxuucxcu suuu {lcnuuuz
2. luscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou xcnycu usuuuu {Cl1
lC1C = luqc:uucuuuz ccxuz C.yxow usuuuu {Cl1
lClll = ^cxscc:c:scuuwu ou.xuucxuu uscwsu:c..uwu cu: {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lCll = ^cxscc:c:scuuwu uscwsu:c..uwu xc:u:c: {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lC1 = `O:c. :cxscc:c:scuuwx cszcu` {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lCO = xccscc cocuucuuc u:uoucc cqucu uscxu {luuuu
lCl = ^cxscc:c:scuuwu uscwsu:c..uwu cnu:u:cu: sccyxcuuwx cu.
{1sc:u.uz
lCll = lcnuucxuz ccuu.uc:uccxuz uocuz nu:uz
lCC\ = `c :cxscc:c:scuucc ncuc.cuuc cszu` {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lCC7 = luqc:uucuuuz c.yxou .usucc u:uou occnucucc:u {lcnuuuz
lCJ = ^cxscc:c:scuuwu :cncuquccxuu cnu:u:cu: {lc.uxcou:uuuz
1
l1l = C.yxou xcu:c.z u nc:cu xu:c.z: xc.cuuu {4uuuz
lll = lcnyc suy:cuucu occnucucc:u {lc..uu
ll = lu:uucxclcc:cuuz xc.cuuz ccu
lI ll = I.usucc xc:uucsuuuc Iccyuc:scuucu nc.uuu {lc..uu
l^ = C.yxou :ucxucsxu sccyxcuuz u cuuoxcuuz {4uuuz
lll = Ccx:c `^cxuuuccxcc uscu s l.uu:cuc` {Cl1
lll = 1. lcu:uscwsu:c..ucc c:c.cuuc {Cl1
1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A JA
2. Oo1cuucuucc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc {lc.uxcou:uuuz
. lcu:uscwsu:c..uwu ccx:c C71l4
4. Ccx:c xu:uuu..uwx ucc.ccsuuuu {luuuu
lllIl = Oo1cuucuucc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc lll^ s Icuxcuc {:c xc, :c u 4lll
lll^ = Oo1cuucuucc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc lll^ s ^u.uuc
ll = 1. cnu:u:cu: xu:uuu..uwx ucc.ccsuuuu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
2. lc:u:c: u:nccxcu coccuw {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lll = lcu:uscwsu:c..uwu xcnyc {Cl1
lll = lcnyc uscwsu:c..ucu nc.uuu {Cl1
llll = Ccs:cc:uwu ncxc:u:c: nc uscxc {lc.uxcou:uuuz = Cl1
llC = Oo1cuucuuuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {lc.uxcou:uuuz
l1I = lc:u:c: uuucuu..ucc ccscocxcuuz {l:u.uz
l1I1l = lc:u:c: uuucuu..ucc ccscocxcuuz lcxucu l:u.uu
l^7l = luuucxuz sccuuuz u:uoxsu:uu
lI = cucuu..uuz xc:cuu:yu {lc..uu
lI14 = Iuucuu..uwu xc:u:c: ccscocxcuuz 4uuuu
lO = uyocxuuz cucu:yu uoscu
lOl = 1. lccuuu:c uuqc:uuu {Cl1
2. lcc:c:sc lccuuu:cu uuqc:uuu {Cl1
lOll = Oo1cuucuuwu cncu:usuwu uscwsu:c..uwu cu: {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lOlC = u:u: uuu..uuxu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lO^lIJ = uscxu uu xuuu.ux cszu
lO^Cll = Iynnu occnucucc:u cszu {Cl1
lOIl = lc:u:c: ccscocxcuuz uuccs lcccuu
lOl = lcnyc ncuuuucu cxuuw {lc..uu
lOll = 1c:uucxuz nu:uz co1cuucuuwx cncuuu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lll = lc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz lc.uxcou:uuuu
ll = cswuuuwu xcucy..:u:usuwu xc:u:c: nc nc.u:uccxcu uu:c 1:cuxu
{Ccscuuz u Ixuuz 1:cuxu
lll =1. lc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz luuu
2. lc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz l:u.uu
. lc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz lcnuuuu
lll = lc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz lu:uz
ll^ = Ccxuz uxsucuucc ncccuu.u u :u:cuu.cs {Cl1
lll = xcu:c..ucncnycxucu nyux:
lll = lc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz ly:wuuu
ll = lc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz cxcc.csuxuu
ll = xcu:uscxu
ll1 = xcu:uscwsu:c..uuz ucu:yu \l1
lll = lcu:uscwsu:c..ucc ouc {lC4Cl
lll = c:u uucuscxu {Cl1
llI = Iuucuu..uwu uucuwu ccsc: {lc..uu
llO = lcu:uscwsu:c..uwu c:c.
lllO = Oo1cuucuuuz cuuuuuz nc ucc.ccsuuuu u n.uuucsuuuu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
ll\ = lcu:uscwsu:c..ucc ynus.cuuc
lC^CC = lccuuuz xcu:uscxu u cncuu..uwc c.yxow {l:u.uz
lCC4 = lccuuuuz u uuc u qccu..ucu occnucucc:.u {1cu:uuu
1
1l = `lc..uucxuu .cucu`
1lO = 1cuuuucxuu sccuuwu cxy
`1` = 1uocu..uwc c:cxu:w`
14 = Cu.w :cc:ucu cu:ccoccuw {l.uuuz
111 = `1:uz ccscocxcuuz 1u:sw`
1O = `Ouuuuuz nc:cu cxwsuuu:cz .uz:` {Iuc.uuw
1lI = Iynnw u..ucc cuc:suz s nyc:wuc {lc.uxcou:uuuz
J 1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A
N
^17 = Iuucuu..uuz c.yxou occnucucc:u {Jyuz
^ll = ^uuuc:cc:sc cocc:scuucu occnucucc:u {lc..uu
^l = ^uuuc:cc:sc suy:cuuux c.
^lO = ^ccxcscxuu sccuuwu cxy
^lCI = cocsc..ccxuz :u.uuz .z uuucuu..ucu occnucucc:u
^Il = :ccxcu cucu..uwu u:uo {lcccuz
^cJO = Ccuc:uc:ccxuu :cu: sccuuwx cuc:suu
^llC = luscwsu:c..uwu cu: Ccucc lcc:cxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
^lJO = Ccucscc:cuwu :cu: sccuuwx cuc:suu
^l = ccxuu sccuucu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz, Cl1
^lll = sccuuuz uscxu {Icscuz
^l = 1. ^uuuc:cc:sc uucc:uuuwx c.
2. lccuuuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {Iuc.uuw, :c xc, :c u IClll
. O:c. sccuucu uscxu {Cl1
^l^ ^l^ u.u ^^ = `Iuucuu..uuz coccuu` {Jyuz
^l{l, u.u ^ll= ccxuz usccucuuwx u nu:uuucxux cncuuu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
^lC = C.yxou sccuucu uscxu {Cl1
^lJ = Iuucuu..uuz uscwsu:c..uuz cuuuuuz {Jyuz
^lJC = \couwu cu: sccuucu uscxu {Cl1
^l = lyux: cocu xy.ccxux cucccuuu {uosc s 1u:uucxcu 1:cuxc
^ll = ^cxccuuuccxuz xcu:c..uuz xc:uccuz
^ll = ^u.uucxuz xc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz
^Il = `Iuucuu..ucc oc..uucxcc suxcuuc`
^Il1 = ^cuc..cxuz uucuccsc.uucuuuz u:uz
^O = 1. lcuxc.cuccxuc cncuuu {Cl1
2. Ccxuu cu:u..ucc unnuu:u uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
. Iuxuucxuz :u.uuz {lc..uu
^Oll = ^cxyuucucc cocc:sc nc:cu ocu: csc.uuu
^O|l = `^cuuxuccxuz cuuuuuz |cu:u..ucu lcccuu`
^llO = :cc:uuz nc:uscscyuuuz coccuu
^lll = :ccxcu ncuuuucuscwsu:c..uwu nyux: {CCCl
^C = lccuucc cuyucc scc:c:sc {lc.uxcou:uuuz
^Clcucx = :uuuc:cc:sc sccuuwx c. {lc..uu
^\l = `suxcuuc uc:cu Ccnc:us.cuuz` {4uuuz
^| = |cu: cocu cucccuuu {Cl1
^I = ^ccxcc ncuc.cuuc {Cl1
I
I1:JO = :cu: sccuuwx cuc:suu OCC uu 3unuuc: ncoccx.c Cl1
I1JO = Ccsccuquxuucxuu :cu: sccuuwx cuc:suu
IlO = `^ccxuz uuo.uu:c..uuz xc:uuu` {Ic:uuuz
Ill = uscwsu:c..ucc ncuc.cuuc llC, ncuucuucc uuu..uuxy u:uou Ol1
Il^l = Ccscc3unuuuz xcuuuz nc.uuz {luuuu
Ill = Iuucuu..uwu xc:u:c: nc coccuuw: ucc.ccsuuuz: {Cl1
Il4lC = luscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou Ic..uucxcu lcc:cucu luuu
Il1 = Iuucuu..ucc uscwsu:c..ucc ucu:c:sc {Cl1
Il = O:c.cuuc :ccxcu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
IlOll = uuyucucc.ccsu:c..cxuc u cnw:ucxcuc:yx:ccxuc uoc:w
Ill = Iucuwu xc:uccuuu: suy:cuuux c.
Ill^4 = Iucuwu xc:uccuuu: sccuuc:ccxcc q.c:u
IllJ = 1. Iucuwu xc:uccuuu: scucc :uucnc:u
2. Iucuwu xc:uccuuu: sucuucu :ccs.u.
IlIl = Iucuwu xc:uccuuu: ccyuc:scuucu occnucucc:u
IlO = Iucuwu xc:uccuuu: coccuw
1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A JL
IlOI = Iuucuu..uwu xc:u:c: ccscocxcuuz Icc.usuu
IlC = lccuuc:ccxuz xcu:c..uuz c.yxou {lc.uxcou:uuuz
IlJ = Iuucuu..uuz xcuqccuuz :yu {lcnuuuz
IllC = Iucuwu xc:uccuuu: ny:cu cccocuuz
II = uuyxucc uuo.ucuuc
IO1 = Iuucuu..ucccscocu:c..uuz u:uz 1.ouuuu
IOlI = Iucucccscocu:c..uuz u:uz Icc.usuu
IOl1 = Iucucccscocu:c..uuz ncsc:uuccxuz u:uz {lc.uuz
IOl u 1I = Iucucccscocu:c..uuz nu:uuucxuz u cocsc..ccxuz u:uz
Icc.usuu
Il1 = Iucuccsc.uucuuuz u:uz {u..ucscc:cuuz ccnyo.uxu
Ill = Iuucuu..uwu ccsc: nc ucc.ccsuuuz: {luuuu
IC = cowsuucc ouc {lscuuuz
IC1l = Iuucuu.ccuu.uc:uccxuz uocuz nu:uz Ic:uuuu
IC3 = `Iucuwc sccyxcuuwc cu.w` {lc..uu
IC3luC = `Iuucuu..uwu ccu uu:w cuuw u cscocw`
ICll = Iuucuu..uwu cu: xcu:uscxu {Cl1
IJl = uuyuc:cxuuccxuz uscxu
O
O1IC = O:c. ux:cs uxuucxcc ccc:czuuz
O1l = Iuxuucxuz uuucuu..uuz u:uz {lc..uu
O1 = Oocu:uuuc:u:usuuz uc:.
Ol = Oo1cuucuucc ouc {CCCl,lu:uu
Oll = O:c. oc.ow c ouuu:u:c:
Ol1O = co.uc:ucc c:c.cuuc Il\
Oll = O:c.cuuc nc oc.oc cc unucuuxc: {lC4Cl
Ol = Ocscc:u:c..uwu c:c. {\xuuuu = c::uuu:
Oll = luc sccuucu uuqc:uuu {Cl1
Oll = O:c. {O:c.cuuc sccuucc xcu:c.z {lC4Cl
Oll1 = :uuuuz nc.u:uccxuz nc.uuz {l:u.uz
OI = Oncu:usuuz ynnu {Cl1
OIl\ = Oo1cuucuucc ccyuc:scuucc nc.u:uccxcc ynus.cuuc
O = `Ocu c.yxow` {Iuc.uuw
Ol1 = Occouz u..ucscc:cuuz u:uz
O3I1 = Ouuw uu:w uucu {Icc.usuz
Ol = c:c.cuuc yc:ucu uscxu {Cl1
Ol| = Oncu:usuwu uscwsu:c..uwu cu: {lc.uxcou:uuuz, luuuu
Ol = O:c. xucs
Ol1l= luc xc:uuyucc usuuucu {Cl1
Oll = scxcsucc xc:uucsuuuc sc:ux:u
Oll,l4C:,l = uuqc:uucuucuuu.u:uccxcc ncuc.cuuc Oll {Ic:uuuz
Oll1 = Occouz xucucuu:cuuuz u..ucscc:cuuz u:uz
Ol1 = scxcsucc xc:uucsuuuc .uq:suqqc
Ol^ = scxcsucc xc:uucsuuuc xuc:uuuc
OlIl = Oo1cuucuuwu xc:u:c: uuu..uuxcs u:uocs {Cl1
Olll = Oo1cuucuuwu xc:u:c: nc ncuxc.cuccxcu scuuc {Cl1
Oll = 1. Oo1cuucuuwu xc:u:c: nc uscxc {lc.uxcou:uuuz, Cl1
2. O:c. xcu:uscxu {CCCl
OllO = xucscc c:c.cuuc Il\
OlCll = Oo1cuucuuwu xc:u:c: ccsc:uuxcs nc ncuxc.cuccxcu scuuc {Cl1
O^ = `lcc:cuuz :uccuz` COl {lc.uxcou:uuuz
O^ll = `lccuuuz cuuuuuz oc..uucxcc ccnc:us.cuuz`
O^l = Occouz :cxscc:c:scuuuz xc:uccuz {lC4Cl
O^C = O:c. :cxyuucucu cszu llll
O^ClOI = O:c..uuz :c:cc:c.xcsuz ouuu cccocc uuuucuuz
J 1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A
OI = `Iucuuz coccuu` {cxuz
OIl = luc sccuuc:ccxcu uscxu {Cl1
OO = Occowu c:c.
Ollll = Oo1cuucuuwu ncxc:u:c: nc ncuxc.cuccxcu scuuc {Cl1
Olll = Oo1cuucuuwu ncxc:u:c: nc uscxc {lc.uxcou:uuuz, Cl1
Ollll = O:c. nc.u:uccxcu uscxu u ncuxc.cuccxcu scuuw {lu:uu
Ol1 = `Ouuuuuz u:uu Ccnc:us.cuuz` {4uuuz
Oll = Ouuuuuz u:u..zucxcc Ccnc:us.cuuz
OlJ l = c:c.cuuc uucuucu :uucnc:ucu l
Oll = Oo1cuucuuwu uscwsu:c..uwu u:uo {Cl1
OC = cncu:usuwc cncynnw
OCll = Occowu c:c. {\xuuuu = c::uuu:
OClIJ = uscxu nc c:xw:w: uc:cuuxu: {Cl1
OCI13 = cccocc uuuucuuc
OCO = Occocc ccscuuuc
OCl = c:c. cncnccc.cuuu
OCl = luc uuyuwx ucc.ccsuuuu u uuoc:cx {Cl1
OCC = luc c:u:cuccxux c.yxo {Cl1
OJ l1 = cxuuu :w.u cuc:syucu lucucu 1:uu
O\I = Ouuuuuz yxuuucxux uuucuu.uc:cs
O4 = O:ccc:scuuwu qcu: {lc.uuz
O|l = O:c. cu:u..ucu cuc:u:yw {CCCl
OlI = cncu:usuuz cxuc:cxcscucxcsuz ynnu
Oll = Oo1cuucuuwu u:uo nc n.uuucsuuuu {Cl1
I
l1l = lc..cxuz ccscocu:c..uuz u:uz
lll = O:c.cuuc ncuxc.cuccxcu scuuw {Cl1
lll = lc.uuz nc uucy u uu:c ccyuc:su {lc:yu.uz
lll = lcnc.uu:c..uwu cuu nc.u:uccxcu scuuw {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lI\ = lcscc .usucc ynus.cuuc lIl CCCl
llJ1 = lucucuucxuz cocsc..ccxuz u:uz
ll = 1. C.yxou nc.u:uccxcu uscxu {Iuc.uuw
2. cnu:u:cu: nc.u:uccxcu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lll = lc.uuz :cxyuucuuz u nc uu:c ccyuc:su {lc:yu.uz
ll = nc.u:uccxuu xcu:c..
lllI = lc..cxuu xc:u:c: uucucc ccscocxcuuz
ll = \nus.cuuc nucnc:ucc xcu:c.z {lc.uxcou:uuuz
llO = luc nucnc:ucc xcu:c.z {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lll = lc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz lc..uu
lO = O:c. ncuucxuuw
lOl = lc..cxuz sccuuuz cuuuuuz
lO\^ = luocuz nu:uz :uxcuc:cxcc cuuc:su {lcnuuuz
lOI = lu:uuucxuc c:zw Icc.usuu
ll = 1. Iccyuc:scuuuz nc.uuz {lc..uu
2. lcuuuuwu nyux: {\xuuuu = c::uuu:
lll = `luqc:uucuucnc.u:uccxuu uuc` {lc..uu
lll = lc..cxuz uocuz nu:uz
llC = lc..cxuz ccuu.uc:uccxuz nu:uz
lll = `lu:uuucxcncsc:uuccxuu u:uo`
ll = nc.u:uccxuz uscxu
lll = luc nc:cuuz ncccw {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lll = 1. lyux: uscwsu:c..uwx nccnus
2. lcuuuuwu uscwsu:c..uwu nyux:
lClC = lc..cxuu c:c..uwu cccowu ou:u..cu
lCl = lc..cxuu nu:uuucxuu u:uo
1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A JS
l41 = ncsccucqu..:uucuuwu .uc. {CCCl
l4l = ncsccucqu..:uucuuwu nyux: {CCCl
llll = lusu:c..c:scuuuz uxc.u xccs u uuqcs {lc.uxcou:uuuz
1
l1 = Ccx:c ucc.ccsuuuu u uuu.uu {Cl1
l1I4Ol = Ccs:cc:uwu cu: uucuscxu {Cl1
lll = 1. lcc:c:sc ccyuc:scuucu occnucucc:u {lc..uu
2. lcc:c:sc cocc:scuucu occnucucc:u {lc..uu
ll = uscwsu:c..uwu c:c. .usucc xc:uucsuuuz \l1
lll = `Ccsc: Ccnc:us.cuuz` {Iuc.uuw
lllC = `lu:uc:uccxuz uxc.u xcc.csw lux:cuu` {lc.uxcou:uuuz
llCl = lcsc.uucuuwu sccuuwu ccsc: ccnyo.uxu {lC4Cl
l = Ccxuz ucc.ccsuuuu u usu:uz {Cl1
lI = uscwsu:c..ucusccucuuuz ynnu
llI = Cc:. ncc.yuusuuuz u nc.cucsuuuz uucc:uuucc uucco:cuu {4uuuz
l = C.yxou cocu uscxu {4uuuz
lll = ccxc:uuz c.yxou luuxcxcu ncqcx:yw nc.uuu
ll = O:c. uucuscxu 4ccu..ucu xc:uccuu nc cszu {Cl1
lll = 1. lcc.cscxuz u.uucxuz nc.uuz
2. lcc.ccsu:c..cxuu uuqc:uucuuwu xc:u:c: {Cl1
llC = luucuscwsu:c..uuz ncccxuz {Cl1
lll1 = luoccxcc:.zucxuz lucuuz 1:uz
lll4 = luoccxcc:.zucxuu lucuwu 4.c:
ll^l = luuucxuz xcc.cscxuz xcuuuz nc.uuz
llO = cuxcxc:uccuuu: `Oc:.uu`
lll{o = luoccxcc:.zucxuz nu:uz {oc..ucsuxcs
lll = Cc:. nc uucy u suy:cuuu: uucscuuuc: u uycuuc: uc.cu..uwx c:uuuu
{4uuuz
ll\ = cuxcxc:uccuuu: `\xuuuu`
l^O = sccuuc:ccxuz uscxu {Icscuz
lIl^l = lcc.cscxuz Ccscc3unuuuz xcuuuz nc.uuz {luuuu
lO = luscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou cucu..ucc u:uou {lc.uuz
lO1 = `lyccxuz ccscocu:c..uuz u:uz`
lOlC = `lcccuucxuu cocscuucxuu ccu`
lOCJ1 = lcccuucxcc :c.cuqucc ucu:c:sc
lll = lcsc.uucuuwu nc.cscu u:uo
lC1O = cucuu..uwu cquc nc cszz: s co.uc:u occnucucc:u {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lCO = lcuc:uucuucc:u:uc:uccxuu c:c.
lCC = C.yxou uucoccnucucc:u {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lC71 = I.usucc ynus.cuuc u:nccxcu occnucucc:u {Ic:uuuz
lJl = uucuuwc :uucnc:uwc l {\CCl
l\ = luscwsu:c..ucc ynus.cuuc
l\OI = uucyc. cccocc uuuucuuz {CCCl

C1 = 1. l:y:cswc c:zw {Ic:uuuz


2. C.yxou cuc:suz {4uuuz
C1lO = lu:uucxcu:cuxuucxuz xc:uccuz nc cncuu..uc:y :cxuuccxc:y cc:yuucc:sy
C1l = 1. C.yxou nccucx u nuuuu:ucsuuuz {4uuuz
2. O:z ux:usucc cuc:suz {l:u.uz
C1C = Cncuu..uuz usuuucuuuz c.yxou {lc.uxcou:uuuz
Cl = C.yxou occnucucc:u O\I
ClC = Cncuu..uuz .ccuuz c.yxou {lc.uxcou:uuuz
Cll = `lscuucxuz uuucuu..uuz nu:uc:uccxuz ucccuuuz`
J9 1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A
Cll1 = Ic3unuuwu Juxccxcuucxuu :cu: sccuuwx cuc:suu
Cll = C.yxou sucuucu uscxu {l4
CI = lcuuuuuz c:uxu {lc..uu
C = C.yxou occnucucc:u {Ic:uuuz
Cuyc.uu = C.yxou sucuucu occnucucc:u
Cuu.uu = C.yxou suy:cuucu occnucucc:u
Cl = Cncuu..uuz c.yxou {lcnuuuz
Cl1l = co1cuucuucc xc:uucsuuuc sccyxcuuw:u cu.u:u s Iclcc:cucu 1uu
C3l = `C.yxou .z ncocw lc..uu`
Cl = 1. Ccxuz uuqc:uuu {ly:wuuz
2. Cncuu..uuz uscxu {Cl1
Cl1 = 1. Ccxc:uuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou llC {l:u.uz
2. 1sc:u.uucxuz ccxuz uscxu
Cll = 1. Ccx:c cncuu..ucu uscxu {1sc:u.uz
2. |cu:u..ucc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc {luuz
ClIlIJ = Ccsc: nc uucuscxc {lc.uxcou:uuuz
Cl = 1. |cu:u..ucc uuqc:uucuucc c:c.cuuc {Cl1
2. |cu:u..uwu uscwsu:c..uwu cnu:u:cu: {luuz
Cll = C.yxou u:cucxcu uscxu {l:u.uz
Clll = Cncuu..uuz c.yxou sucuucu uuqc:uuu {lcnuuuz
Clll = Cncuu..uuz c.yxou ncuqcuuucu uscxu {lcnuuuz
Cll = C.yxou uuqc:uuu u xccuuuuu {lcnuuuz
Cl^ = 1. C.yxou sccuucu uuqc:uuu {lcnuuuz
2. C.yxou sccuuwx ucc.ccsuuuu {lcnuuuz
. C.yxou sccuucu uscxu {l:u.uz
4. luqc:uucuuuz c.yxou suxcuuz {lcnuuuz
Cl^l = luscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou occnucucc:u Ccucc lcc:cxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
Cll^ = C.yxou sccuucu uuqc:uuu u nc.uuu {lcnuuuz
ClC = 1. Ccxc:uuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {lc.uxcou:uuuz
2. C.yxou cncuu..ucu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
. Ccxc:uuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou l^C {l:u.uz
4. C.yxou uucuscxu {Cl1
. C.yxou ccuu..ucu uuqc:uuu {l:u.uz
. lcnc:cu:c..uuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {l.uuuz
. C.yxou cncuu..ucu uscxu 4ll s 1u:uucxcu 1:cuxc.
ClC = O:c.cuuc C.yxow uucuscxu {Cl1
Cl41l = luscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou sccyxcuuwx cu. {l:u.uz
Cl4Il = luqc:uucuuuz c.yxou Ccscucu lcnuuuu
ClI = c:c..uuz cuuccxuz c:u {Ic:uuuz
Cll = 1. Occocc xcu:uscwsu:c..ucc ncuc.cuuc {Cl1 = lc.uxcou:uuuz
2. lcc:czuuwu xc:u:c: nc uscxc {^u.uuz
ClIl = Ccs:cc:uwu xc:u:c: uuu..uuxcs u:uocs {lc.uxcou:uuuz = Cl1
Cll = Ccs:cc:uwu xc:u:c: nc uscxc {lc.uxcou:uuuz = Cl1
C14lO = 4uuycxuz c.yxou cszu uu u..uc: lcc:cxc
C1I = lcuc.cuuc cncuu..uwx cszcu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
C^ = O:c. sccuucu occnucucc:u {4uuuz
`C^lll` = cuuw sccuucu xcu:uscxu CCCl
C^l = Ccx:c uu:w sccuucu uuqc:uuu {Cl1
CI = I.usuuz cwcxuuz nc.uuz `Cu:a uuc.cuu..` {4uuuz
CI = xu:uucxuu uuucuu..uwu c..u
CIl = Ccsc: Iucuwx lc:uccucs {Ccsuuxc:
CIl = Iuucuu..uwu ccsc: Ccnc:us.cuuz {4uuuz
CO = 1. Ccxc:uwu c:c.
2. Cncuu..uwc cncuuu {Cl1
CO1 = ncuc.cuuc nc ncwsucu ncnuuuc {lc.uxcou:uuuz
CO2 = ncuc.cuuc nc ux:usuw: cncuuz: {lc.uxcou:uuuz
CO = ncuc.cuuc nc n.uuucsuuuu cncuu..uwx uxuu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A 2U
CO1 = `Cncuu..uwc cncuuu = 1sc:u.uz`
COl = lcnc.uu:c..uwu cuu cncuu..uwx cncuuu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
COl = lc:u:c: nc cncuu..uw: cncuuz: {lc.uxcou:uuuz
CO^ = `Cncuu..uwc cncuuu = Ccuc:uc:c.c`
COO = Ccxc:uccncu:usuwu c:c.
CO\ = Ccxc:uccncu:usucc ynus.cuuc
CO = ccxc:uccncu:usuuz uc:.
Clll = Ccs:cc:uwu ncxc:u:c: nc uscxc {lc.uxcou:uuuz = Cl1
ClO = 1. Ccxc:ucnc.u:uccxuu c:c.
2. lcuuuuuz uscxu nc nuxccuy
. luc cncuu..uwx nccx:cs {Cl1
Cll = cocucncccw..uwu nyux: {CCCl
Cl = C.yxou uscxu {4uuuz
Cll = Ccs:cc:ucc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc {^u.uuz
Cl = luscwsu:c..uwu cnu:u:cu: sccyxcuuwx cu. {1sc:u.uz
Cll = O:c..uwu uuqc:uucuuwu cqcu: {lc..uu
Cl^ = lccuuuz c.yxou uscxu {4uuuz
Cll = C.yxou nc.u:uccxcu uscxu {4uuuz
Cll = Ccs:cc:uwu uscwsu:c..uwu u:uo {lc.uxcou:uuuz = Cl1
CC = 1. Oxuuuwc c:zw {Ic:uuuz
2. Ccxc:uuz c.yxou {ly:wuuz
. C.yxou occnucucc:u {4uuuz
CC1 = 1cu:c:sc occnucucc:u cszu {Cl1
CCl = 1. Ccx:c occnucucc:u cszu {Cl1
2. luc ccxc:uwx c.yxo {lc.uxcou:uuuz
CCI = |cu: nusu:c..c:scuucu uuqc:uuu {4uuuz
CC = O:c. occnucucc:u cszu {Cl1
CCl = Ccxc:uuz c.yxou uuqc:uuu {ly:wuuz
CC^ = lccuuuz ccxc:uuz c.yxou {4uuuz
CCO = cquc nc cccocu occnucucc:u {Cl1
CClI = Iynnu n.uuucsuuuz c:u:cuccxux c.yxo {Cl1
CCC = C.yxou occnucucc:u cszu {CCC
CC\ = lcuc.cuuc c:u:cuccxux c.yxo {Cl1
CJ = C.yxou xcu:uscxu {4uuuz
CJl = Cxuuuuuscxcc :c.cuqucc ouc {lscuz
CJO = 1. C.yxou nuuyu:c..ucc :yu {4uuuz
2. Ccsc: Jyu u Ooccuw {CCCl
CJC = ycouwu cu: COl {lc.uxcou:uuuz
C4 = Ccx:c cccowx qcucs {Cl1
C4c: = O:z cncuu..ucc uuuucuuz {lc.uxcou:uuuz
C47l = l:uoxsu:uu cncuu..uwx cu. {lc.uxcou:uuuz
C71l4 = lcxcsuwu u:uo ccuuuccxux axcncuucuuwx cu.
C|l = Ccxuz cu:u.uuuu uscxu {4uuuz
C|CC = |cu:u..uuz c.yxou occnucucc:u ccyuc:su {ly:wuuz
C = C.cc:scuuuz uc:.
C = C.yxou occnucucc:u {lc..uz
T
Jl = :cu: sccuuwx cuc:suu
JllO^ = lc:u:c: nc ucu:uquxuuu c.cu {lc.uxcou:uuuz u Cl1
Jll = :uuucnucuuz xcnucsu..uuz oy:uu
Jl = C.yxou xcu:uscxu {4uuuz
JO = Juucnc:uwu c:c.
JO4 = Juxccxcuucxuu q.c: {CCCl
J\ = Juucnc:ucc ynus.cuuc
2J 1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A
\
\ = sccuuuz xcu:uscxu {4uu.zuuz
\l = \nus.cuuc occnucucc:u {lc..uu
\lO = \xuuucxuz sccuuuz cuuuuuz
\ll = \nus.cuuc scucxcscu uscxu
\I1 = \xuuucxuz u.uuucxuz u:uz
\l^l = \nus.cuuc xc:cuuu:u ^ccxcscxcc lc:.z
\ll = \nus.cuuc xcu:uscxu
\Ill = \nus.cuuc Iucucc xc:uccuuu:u suy:cuuux c.
\IlIl = \nus.cuuc Iucucc xc:uccuuu:u ccyuc:scuucu occnucucc:u
\Il = 1. \xuuucxuz uucuuz uu
2. \xuuucxuz uucuuz ccnyo.uxu
\Il1 = \xuuucxuz uucuuz csc.uucuuuz u:uz.
\OO = \nus.cuuc Occowx c:c.cs
\OC = \nus.cuuc cccocc c:cu:c..c:su
\l1 = \xuuucxuz ncsc:uuccxuz u:uz
\lll = \nus.cuuc nc c.u: c sccuucn.cuuwx u uu:cuucsuuuwx
\CO = 1. \c:ucc:u:uc:uccxuu c:c.
2. \c:uccnuscuwu c:c.
\Jl = yuc:xcswc :uucnc:uwc l {\CCl
\ll = \xuuucxuu u:uo nu:uuucxcc suxcuuz
\ = xcncu:cu:u..uuz ycouuz uc:. cszu {luuz
\l = xcncu:cu:u..uwu cu: uuccszu {luuz

41 = Iuyucucc.ccsu:c..cxcc ynus.cuuc :uuuc:cc:su usuuuu {Ic:uuuz


41I = qcu:csuz uscwsu:c..uuz ynnu {Ic:uuuz
41l = IlJ = uuuxccuuuxu.uc:cxcc co1cuucuuc {lcnuuuz
41l = qcu:csuz uscwsu:c..uuz xc:uuu {Ic:uuuz
4llC = 4ccu..uuz c.yxou uscxu uucscuuuz {Cl1
4l^C = C.yxou ncc.yuusuuuz uucc:uuucc uucscuuuz {Cl1
4ll = 4ccu..ucc ouc ucc.ccsuuuu {Cl1
4,l = luscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {Icscuz
4l1 = 3uyocxuuz axcuc:uccxuz u:uuuc:uuz {Cl1
4lll = u..ucscc:cucc co1cuucuucc ouc {:c xc, :c u lllIl
4l1O = u..ucscc:cucc ouc cszcu {1sc:u.uz
4lCC = u..ucscc:cuuz c.yxou occnucucc:u {lc.uxcou:uuuz
4lJO = u..ucscc:cuwu :cu: sccuuwx cuc:suu
4ll = lc:u:c: 1:uu.:cuc:su nc sucuucu uscxc {lc.uxcou:uuuz
4llC = C.yxou sucuucu uscxu u xcu:uscxu {lcnuuuz
4l1 = `Icusucu:wu qcu: ccscocxcuuz` {lc..uz
4lIO = 4uuuuccswu c:c.
4lC = C.yxou uyocxucu uuqc:uuu {Cl1
4ll = 4ccu..uuz xc:uccuz nc cszu {Cl1
4ll = 4uuycxuz xc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz
4^ = c:c. `lucc:uuuwc sccuuc:ccxuc cu.w` {Ic:uuuz
4^l = lyux: cocu xy.ccxux cucccuuu c uuc:cxcu {uosc s 1u:uucxcu 1:cuxc
4I = c:c. uucc:uuuwx uxuu {Cl1
4O = .usucc xc:uucsuuuc sccyxcuuw:u cu.u:u {Icscuz
4O^l = |cu:u..ucc ouc qc..xccuc IC1l
4l1 = luucuuc:u:y: uuucuu..ucu coccuw {lscuz
4l\^l1 = `luuc q.c:u = ^c..oyu` {Cl1 u 1sc:u.uz
4l\l1l = `luuc q.c:u = Juxuu cxcuu` {Cl1 u 1sc:u.uz
4Cl = nc.csuz nc.uuz occnucucc:u {lc.uxcou:uuuz
4CC = lc.csuz c.yxou occnucucc:u {lc.uxcou:uuuz
1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A 22
4Jl = `4uu:ucw u nu:uuuw` {4uuuz
44l = `4uuycxuc suy:cuuuc cu.w` {4uuuz
47 = c:c. `lucc:uuuwc u:uu` {Ic:uuuz
47l = c:c. `lucc:uuuwc u:uu 3unuu` {Ic:uuuz
47O = c:c. `lucc:uuuwc u:uu lcc:cxu` {Ic:uuuz
X
7 = ccxuz xcu:uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
7l = lcnc.uu:c..uwu cuu uuucuu..ucu coccuw {lc.uxcou:uuuz
|
| = cu:u..uwu c:c. uoscu
|l = |cu:u..ucc ouc {Cl1 u 1sc:u.uz
|llC = |cu:u..ucc ouc ucc.ccsuuuu u c:u:uc:uxu {lu:uu
|lC = |cu:u..ucc ouc c:u:uc:uxu {lu:uu
| = Ccx:c cuyw u cxy:cu:uuu {Cl1
|l = |cu:u..uuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {Iuc.uuw
|l = |cu:u..uwu xc:u:c:
|O1IC = |cu:u..uwu c:c. ux:cs uxuucxcc ccc:czuuz
|lI = |cu:u..uuz uscwsu:c..uuz ynnu {Cl1
|l\ = |cu:u..ucc uscwsu:c..ucc ynus.cuuc {Cl1
|ClC = Oo1cuucuuwu cu: c:u..uwx cncccs {luuz
|ll = |cu:u..uwu u:uo nu:uuucxcc suxcuuz
S
llC = Cncuu..uwu cu: :uuuc:cc:su coccuw` {l:u.uz
l = cswuuuuz xc:uccuz
Cl = cswuuuuz c.cc:scuuuz xc:uccuz
H
lllC = l:uoxsu:uu nusu:c..c:scuucu cszu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lOI = lxc.u cccocc uuuucuuz
O
1^ = Icccxuu Iuucuu..ucccscocu:c..uwu qcu:
lC = Icccxuz uucucccscocu:c..uuz u:uz
ll1 = Icccxcc uuucuu..ucc u ccuu..ucc ccscocxcuuc
lO = xcuc:uccxuu c:c.
l\ = xcuc:uccxcc ynus.cuuc
l = xcuc:uccxuz uc:.
11C = Icccxuz uuucuu..ucccscocu:c..uuz u:uz
llOI = xcncuuz ncscuwx uoc: cccocc uuuucuuz
7 = `.cx:u 7uy` {lc.uxcou:uuuz
I
I^ = Ixuc^uu.xycxuz xc.cuuz ccu

l^ = ncucxuz sccuuuz :uccuz



23 1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A
A
1l10 = xccscc cocuucuuc COl
1lC = lcccscu uscwsu:c..uwu cu: {Cl1
1
lol = C.yxou cnuccuuz u asuxyuuu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
G
G2 = uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou u:uou u:uu {Cscocucc l.uucxcc ccyuc:sc
1
lSl1 = lncllcncc Scrxcc lrI 1cn {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lSl = lncllcncc Scrxcc lncx {lc.uxcou:uuuz
lSOS = `lncllcncc Scrxcc Olxcr SrucIcy`, `lllc Scrc Olxcr SrucIcy` u.u `lncll
cncc Scrc Olxcr SrucIcy` {lc.uxcou:uuuz
|
|11C = Oo1cuucuuwu ccucuwu xc:u:c: u:uu u q.c:u {Cl1
|1lS = Oo1cuucuucc uscwsu:c..ucc ucc.ccsuuuc u:uu u q.c:u {Cl1
|ll1= Oo1cuucuucc ucu:c:sc nc a.cx:cuucu uuqc:uuu {ClI
|l1 = Oo1cuucuucc uscwsu:c..ucc ucu:c:sc {Cl1
|l1lC = |cu: nuc:u cccocuuu Oo1cuucuucc uscwsu:c..ucc ucu:c:su {Cl1
|lC1 = Oo1cuucuucc ucu:c:sc nc cocy uscwsu:c..ucu uuqc:uuu {Cl1
|lC1,CInu = cuu |lC1 uu lu:uucxc: Jl {Cl1
|lC1Cll = cuu |lC1 uu lu:uucxcou:uucxcuuuucxc: Jl {Cl1
|lC1^l = cuu |lC1 uu Ccucscc:cuc: Jl {Cl1
|lC1^lI = cuu |lC1 uu Ccuc:uc:ccxc: Jl {Cl1
|lC11 = cuu |lC1 uu Ccsccuquxuucxc: Jl {Cl1
|lGlO1 = Oo1cuucuuuz uscwsu:c..uuz ynnu s cuc Juxcc cxcuuu {Cl1
|lSll = Ccsc: nc ucc.ccsu:c..cxu: nyo.uxuuz: co1cuucuucu uscxu {Cl1
1
lOl = oyxscuuwc cucucswc o.cxuc:w
N
^O1{Sl = xccscc cocuucuuc COl
I
lI{_ = xccscc cocuucuuc COl
O
Ol20G = 1. Iynnu occnucucc:u cszu {Cl1
2. Ccxuz uucuscxu {Cl1
Ol20l = Ccxuz occnucucc:u cszu {Cl1
Ol20Y = lun:cuquccxuz ccxuz {Cl1
1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A 2A
S
SII_ = l:uoxsu:uu cncuu..uwx cu. {lc.uxcou:uuuz
N
\ = lc:u:c: nc c:u:cuccxcu cuuqc:uuu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
\Ol = cuc:c:u nccc:uucscuwx x.ucu
Y
Y = lc:u:c: nc xccuuuuu nccxsu:u {lc.uxcou:uuuz
Yccsc: = ncuc.cuuc Oll nc cuuuuuu nccxsu:u {lc.uxcou:uuuz
7
7 = nuu..c..uuz cc:. cucu:y ClC
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sx.uu.u s ccoz c.cyuuc ncuc.cuuz.
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{luxcs = 21, s cuc c:sc:c:scuucc:u Ol \ll {lcuuu. =

. Ic s ncc.cuuu ccc.
a:c:y cncccoc:scsu.c ucn.cxcc quuuucucsuuuc cncu:usuwx cuucs. Jux, s 12 cy uc
zo.cxuu ouxc: cncu:usuwx ucxccs Cll Ol ll ccc:usu. 1204 .c:wx, u xc:cwx
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