2
2
1
1
2
40
44
4
1
1
12
1
1
14
204
20
20
2
242
24
20
20
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A L
lCl1IClll lO1lIOI
COllJClll COI3
1. lccuuuuuu u cncccuu
2. lccuuuz uscxu
. lcu:uscxu
4. 22 uuuz 141 cu
lOCJOl
1. lu:uu u ^uu.xyuz
2. ncuuz
. lucxu:uu u lu:u
4. lu:uucxuc s.ucuuz
CllllI1 1^llll1
1. lucuuzz uscxu
2. lcu:uscxu u occnucucc:.
. lun:cuuu.u
4. lCl u lOl
. cxuoz 141 cu
. luuuu
. ^cxcuxu
lu:cuuuz
401
401
42
44
44
44
44
4
0
0
2
2
2
2
00
04
1
1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A
OXO I1I1AI1X BOII
^u :uccc cxuu. c: sc:yn.cuuz s 77l scx. 1:cuxuuc zncucxcc ncucxcxc
uuz 4aucuc 4yxyz:u nucu. c `xcuc uc:cuu`. Ou ncuy:csu. nc a:u: nccxc c.c
sccc:su u oyucu, xcuq.ux:ucu s n.usuyu, cncxcuuyu ay, xcu scc. :u oyc: xu:. nc
cuuw: .uocu..ucc:cxu:uccxu: nusu.u:.
ycu u:cuxuucxuu nc.u:c.c .suu Jcqq.c cszwsuc: c uuc:yn.cuuc: uuqc:u
ucuucu usu.uuuu nczs.cuuc s.uc:u swccxcc xucc:su. l.uc:u, ccucsuuucu uu uuuu
zx...
Ouuxc :u c:u. suu:.cz nc ycu :ucx:cuu. l:cc:c n.usucc :ccuuz ccow:uu
:w cuc:uyc: ucswc u ucswc :c.xu u swsw. Cu:sc.c: uuu.u 77l c:c.c:uz, ncsuu
:c:y, uusccu cc:uuy:cz cccuuuc s nw.u u n.u:cuu o.uucwuuu:w I.ulcxcxcc
:ccscc cu:u... :uuccxuc uc:xu, usccucuuwc ux:w, :ccuc:uccxuc ynnucsxu
ncsu:u.uc. s ncc:czuuwu xcu:u ucscc scxu.
lusu. CCCl u ncocu Cl1 s `xc.cucu scuuc` uc nusc.u x :uy. lccuuuz c:yx
:yu u:cuxuucs uc :c..xc uc y:cu.uu.uc. c :cx nc, uc xcc s c: ncscu.u ncxuuc
:ucu:uow. Jc xc cu:cc :cxuc cxuu:. u c uscwsu:c..uc: cccocc:sc.
^u c:u. uuw:, cucnc.zuw:, uc uc :cucc cnucuw:. Iu c:cuy uc:wsuc:y ncu
ucuuc:y nc:uscc:czuuu syx cscxcxus nuuc. uucu nczcx. Ccsc:cuuuz cucnc
.zuuz cu..ucc:. uunc:uuuc: ncc:wu xu.cuccxcn cncu:usuc:ux:uccxux xccs, cncc
ncuuu, uscwsu:c..uwx ncu::. luc: cc:uxcuuz uuqc:uucuucu csc.uuu
:uccxu:uc ycu.usuu: cncu:usucc:. u aqqcx:usucc:. ccsc:cuuwx usccx.
xu: nu:cc: :c:y zs.zc:cz ucocwscc:uwu `xuccc:uwu cxuuu.`, xc:c
wu, nc :ucuuu cncuu.uc:cs, uuxux uc :c ow:. u:ncsuuucu :uucu ^c..
uucuxc. Cxccc sccc, ncc uu:u = ncyx: swccxc:cxuc.cuucc uscwsu
:c..ucc ncuuxucscuuz uyocxucu cncc.yxow s csz:uz csz:wx yxuuucxcc
ccyuc:su = xuouuc: lcucu:u.
Cccuz c:c:.usc ncc:u:usuc:cz :cucuuz, csuc:c..c:syuuz c :c:, :c
cyncccsc:cuuwc uscwsu:c..uwc cuc:c:w ncsuuu:cz s uc:c oc..ucc, c:
cncuu..uwc ccsucuwc c.yxow, coccncusuuuc c:u:cuccxuu uu:ccc ccy
uc:su s xcuqucuuu..ucu uuqc:uuu c uyocxuwx c:uuux.
Ccsc:cuuwc uscwsu:c..uwc cccocc:su ncsuuu:cz s ucc:1c:.c:wu xc:nc
ucu: ccyuc:scuucu s.uc:u, nuc: xc:ncucu: cncu:usuwu, xcc:xuu u swccxcncqcc
cucuu..uwu. ^w yxc u:cc: uc:u.c nu:ccs :cc, xux ncucu:u:u c:uu c:uucsu.uc.
ncqcccucuu..uwc uscuxu.
Cccuz :w ncuuc:y c:c:u: uu uc:cuu usccx. lcc s oc..ucu c:cncuu :w yocx
uc:cz s :c:, :c u ncxc u, cccocuuc, ccuuc, uscxu ow.u uc nuccusuw:u uuo.uu:c
.z:u u nc.u:uccxu:u ccow:uz:u, uc cuc:u:cu:u ccxc:ucu uyocxucu uuqc:uuu
u ux:usuw:u ccus:cu:u u uxc :scu:u uc:cuu.
l:cuuc x a:cu :wc.u :w ncxcu: ncc.c cuuxc:.cuuz c co1c:uw: ucc.ccsuuuc:
l. l. 1uucu, xucuccusc cu.us.cuuw: `Ic.ucuwc scuuw`. cuc:su:c..uc, uc.ucuwc
scuuw, xc:cwc uc ncxuu.uc. u uc ncxuuu:cz uu uu :uuy:y, zs.zu:cz :c: suy:
cuuu: ucsc: :ucscu nc.u:uxu, xc:cwu nuuc: u:ny..cusucc:. u uuu:u: :ucsw:
nccccu:.
Iccxc owsuc: :ux, :c o.ucuz {u:cuuc o.ucuz, xux a:c uu nuucxcu..uc
syu: :uxu: :uuuw: scuuu: c ux cxw:w:u xcu:u u xc:ouuuuz:u, uc ucuu:cz
scuuw c:xw:wc c :ucccu xc:s u uyucuuu. Ouuxc owsuc: u nz:c nc:uscnc.cxuuz
xu:uuu, xcu uscxu uoc:u.u uu uxuuuuc xcuq.ux:u.
lc :uxu: y.c: cuuz us:c u ucc:u:usuc: uc:cuu cncuu..uwx c.yxo :uu c
11 nc 14 .. ^ucc ucscc nccnuy: .z ccoz s a:c: ucc.ccsuuuu uc :c..xc .uou:c
.u uc:cuu, uc u ncqcccucuu.w, u:cuuc ucncccc:scuucc c:ucucuuc x nc.u:uccxcu
`xyxuc` nuc: s cc uuuoc.cc cncuquccxux u c.uxu:uwx qc:ux.
Icswc qux:w u uc:cuu cncc.yxo CCCl, Ic:uuuu, Cl1, lc.uxcou:uuuu, lc..
uu, lscuuuu, ncuuu, l:u.uu, 4uuuu cnc.uzu:cz couuuw:u csccuuz:u c c
z:c..ucc:u usccx :uxux c:uu xux luuuu, 1cu:uuu, u.u, lscuz, luu.uz, lu:uu,
1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A S
Ic..uuuz, cxcc.csuxuz, lc:yu.uz, lc.uuz, l.uuuz, c c: s c:ccc:scuucu .u:cu
:yc nucu.cc. :u.c.
^cxuc cxuu:., :c couuuwu u xcnc:.uswu :y yu.cz. Oc:uc:cz :c..xc nu.u
cu:. u:u:c.z x ny:cucc:suu nc c.cxuw: .uouuu:u: cncc.yxo :uu ncscu nc.csuuw
77 c:c.c:uz. u:u:c.. ncyu:cz s uunzxcuuyu u::ccqcy uc.ucuwx scuu, xc:cwc
:cocsu.u xc.cccu..ucu ncuxc.cuccxcu, uu:c..cx:yu..ucu u sc.cscu c:uu `ocucs uc
suu:cc qcu:u`.
lcqcccc xuqcw nc.u:c.cuu
Occcxcc uuucuu..ucc yuusccu:c:u
lcnxcs l. l.
9 1.1.Auu0. !:u.u6 6uu6. 1.mux .uu8u6x .j: J9J9-J9A
A11BAT\11
A
12 = 1. 1suuucuuuz uscxu {Cl1
2. Iynnu uscxu 14c usuuucuucc ncuc.cuuz {Cl1
1lll = uscxu sccuuc:ccxux cu. {Ic:uuuz
1lI = ucu:yucoccsuz ynnu
1o: = c:c. {Ic:uuuz
1lI = 1:cuxuucxuz ynnu sc.cu:ccs
1lIOI = 1u:uquuuc:cxcc scc uucucc ccscocxcuuz Icc.usuu
1I1C = `C.yxou nc:cu scyx = c:.z` {Cl1
1I4lJC = Jcxuuccxuu u:uo ccyccs usuuuu u cyxcny:uwx cu. {Cl1
1l4 = 1:cuxuucxuc axcncuucuuwc cu.w
1l = ucx:cu: scyuucu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
1ll = Ccuuuccxcc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc {1sc:u.uz
1l1O = cquc cszu usuuucuucu uscxu {lc.uxcou:uuuz
1lC = cucxuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {lc.uxcou:uuuz
1l = Iuucuu..uuz u:uz {lc..uu
11 = 1. `Ocscocu:c..uuz u:uz` {lc..uz
2. Iucuuz u:uz {lc..uu
114l^O = `Ccuuwc cyxcny:uwc sccuuucsuuuwc cncuuu`
1^IOJ = Ccuucc sccuucc ynus.cuuc cxxynucsuuuwx :cu:cuu
1Illl = Ccsc: u:uu u q.c:u nc uucuscxc {Cl1
1Illll = lccuuuucuuwu xc:u:c: u:uu u q.c:u nc uucuscxc {Cl1
1ICJ = c:c.cuuc uoscu
1O = 3uyocxuuz cuuuuuz IC1l
1O\ = 1:uuuc:u:usuccuuuuucuucc ynus.cuuc
1l1 = lucuucnc.u:uccxcc ouc IC1l
1l1 = 1:cuxuucxuz u:uuuc:uuz nc:cu
1llOC = 1u.cccsc:cxcc uxucucucc :ccscc cocc:sc
1C = 1. Ccxc:uuz u:uz` {lc..uz
2. `Ccxc:uuz u:uz` {4uuuz
1ClI = 1sc:u.uucxuz ynnu cncuu..ucu uuccszu
1CJ = ouc {c:c., ncc: uoscu
1C\ = lcuc.cuuz ux:usucu c.yxow ll1
1C4 = coccncusuuuc scucxu {Cl1
1JlC = Ccuuuccxuz ccxuz nccscuxcs
1\ = `lcnc:cu:c..uwc ncuc.cuuz` {lc.uxcou:uuuz
17\ = 1:uuuc:u:usucxczuc:scuucc ynus.cuuc
174O = 1:uuuc:u:usucxczuc:scuuwu u quuuuccswu c:c.
1lC = Oocc:sc nc nccxxc oc.ow nc:us suu {^u.uuz
.
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 10uuuu 6.m6 3S
lccsuz coc:uucsxu scxcc swzsu.u ucc.ccccouucc:. co1cuucuuz uscxu s cuc:
ucx:cu:c c cuuu:u sccuucc n.uuucsuuuz, u s cxuoc 11 cu cuu coc.u cu:c
c:cz:c..ucc:. sucs., uu a:c: u c 122 cu. O:sc:c:scuucc:. ^O u ^l ow.u uc
.cuu, nuc: ncswu nuuz. uu ccoz ucxc:cyu uc:. uscwsu:c..uwx uu. ucx:cu:
sccuuwx cncuuu uuu:u.cz n.uuucsuuuc: sccuuwx cncuuu u ccouu. uuqc:uuu c
sccyxcuuwx cu.ux ccuuuxcs, :cu xux ucx:cu: sccuucu uscxu uyu. scc cc:u..
uwc ccyuc:su, ccu xc:cwx u.uu. xu:ccuu nc:usuuxcs, sc:cxuwx ccuuuxcs u
ucu:u.cs. Ic snc.uc :uuucuuw: uuc: zsu.cc. swsccuuc u u:u: uscxu sccuuwx
u::uuc. ^l uc yxcscu. u:u, u .uu. suu:ccuc:scsu., u:c c:scu. u xu:cuquu,
uycuuc axcuc:uccxcc nc.cxcuuz u uc:cuu uyocxuwx c:uu, u c 140 cu u u
sccuuyu cuyy. l:uoxsu:uu ucx:cu:u ucnc.uu.uc. s 1cucuc, cuuxc ynnw cc
cquccs cozu:c..uc ow.u nuxc:uuucsuuw x u:ccxu: :uccuz: lu:uuuu u xc:uu
csuuuz: scucx.
Iuu..uwu ncuc scuuw cuu:cucsu.cz ysc.ucuuc: u:u:u uscxu u ccuuuc:
ucscc uuc:u:y:u yxcscu:c.cu :uccuu ClC nc u.uuw: :cu:u: sccuuwx cuc:suu.
:c ow.c zxu: nuuuxc: nccccu ccu:u.uuuu c.yxow u c.cucsuuuz zu nc.
uc:cuu ncc:usu:c.z: uu Jl, u:csuu: uuu:c..uyu cncu:usuyu cu:cc:cz:c..ucc:. u
uc:u.yu uc.cuucc:. ncuucuucc ncccuu.u. Cu:uz xc:nux:uuz u sccx :uccuu, .cucu
cxuz, ccc:cz.u u c:wcx cquccs, c:wcx c.cncuscu:c.cu, syx :uuuuuc:cx u syx
scnc:cu:c..uwx cc:yuuxcs. Junuuuz :cxu s lc::cu:c ow.u u:c:uc xynucc u u:c.u
ccoc:scuuyu suy:cuuuu c:yx:yy. sccuuyu, sccuuc:ccxyu u quuuuccsyu ccxuu. luu
c c:cu.uc. oc.cc xynuwc cuuw ClC uu l.uxuc: lcc:cxc. lu:cusuuzcz s 1quuux
cucxuz uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou {1lC u u.cxcuuuucxcc {c 11 cu = xuucxcc
l^Cll = Occocc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc nc lcc:cuc:y Ccuc:uc:c.u cuc:scsu.u
xux ucc:1c:.c:wu a.c:cu: unnuu:u .usucxc:uuyucc uu Jl u ucnc.uu.u cc:.u
cucu:y, u :uxxc ucuxuccxu: cu:u..uw: unnuu:c:, :uncsuz c:yx:yu xc:ccc
ncyc:u:usu.u uu.uuc zu c:yx:yuwx ncuc.cuuu.
Cycc:scuuw: u1zuc: s cx:uuc ClC s ucc:u:usuc:wu ncuc zs.z.cc. nc
ucocxcuuc scnccu:u sucuucu xcu:uscxu. lwsuuu sccuuwu :czx lu::uu xc.u.
u:c:. xux :cxuc :cu.uc cocc c a:u: ucccncx:uoc..uw:, nc cc :ucuuu, uuz:uc:, u
suc. uuy ncuucuucu c.yxow s cocc uuqc:uuu, u uc s oc.oc c ucu:ycu nc:us
uuxu. Ouuxc .cuxu uoc:w uc:us.z.u ClC yc.z:. scc oc..ucc suu:uuuc .uuuu xcu:
uscxu, u cuu suuu.c c:uxuuuc, u sncc.cc:suu u snc.uc cuuucsuuuc usu.uc. c
cc.cuwx :ucu:uocs. l unnuu:c ^l1{ nczsu.cc. |cu:u..ucc ouc, uucu xc:ccc
zs.z.uc. couoc:xu u cuc:c:u:uuuz nc.yuc:cu c: uuu:ccx xcu:uscwsu:c..ucu
uuqc:uuu. lncc.cc:suu cuc c:u.c |cu:u..ucu xu:c:cxcu.
lc:u:c ClC, s ucc:u:usuc:wu ncuc sc:cuu ucu:yuyu uscxy sc.u :uxxc
sc cncuu..uc ccuuuwc luscwsu:c..uwc ynnw cucu..ucc u:uou u Il. Ouuxc
ux uu:cccw uc nccccxu.uc., nccxc..xy sccuuwc cuc:scsu.u uu :ux:uccxc: ycsuc {nc
ou:uucxcu :c:uuc.cuu, :c ccc:sc:c:syc: cncu:usuc:y ycsuu nc c:ccc:scuucu :c
:uuc.cuu, u ^l1{ uuu:u.uc. c:u:cuccxcu uscxcu. luscxu 1:uu.:cuc:su u
scscc uuxcu: couc: uc :cuu.u ClC, c:ucucuuz :cxy uu:u ow.u cu:w:u :ccuw:u, u
xccuuuuz cuc:suu cocux usccuucs :c.u c.yxu:. couc: suu:cncuu:uuuz.
Iu 4csu..cxyu csc.uuu 11 cu s lcccuucxcu u:ncuu sccuuuz uscxu c:c
uucsu.u uc:c.cuuc. lu cnusuuuwx cnuccuuu s scucc:u scc:cucu ccuuuw uuy
cocu uuqc:uuu nc lcccuu nccu.u u ^l2{ s ^l. Oucsc:cuuc cuu c:u.u uuu
:u:.cz u c.u:u u..ucc lcc:cxu. Ccxuz occnucucc:u ^l nuuz.u uu ccoz uc :c..xc
c.u ccuuucsuuucu s 11 cy csccu ncucc:scuuuw ^O, uc u uuwc xcu:uscw
su:c..uwc uuu, uucc cuusuuccz ^l1{o. Ccxuz ^l uuu:u.uc. cncu:usuw: uy
cuuc: :ccscu nc.u:uxu uucc:uuuwx ccyuc:s, ncc:uscx cyxuz, u :uxxc scnccu:u
:cxyuucucc nusu. lc:c :cc, s cncx: cc uu ncncxuc:y sxcu.u uoc:u c uuq
u:u u xcu:u u xcu:c.. uu ncscuw:u :c.cuquw:u xuoc.z:u. ^l scu.u nccccu
u cncuu..ucu ncnuuucu, u :uxxc yxcscu.u luc sccuuwx nccscuxcs. l qyuxuu
^l sxcu.u cuyu :c.cu::, uucu:: u ncscxu sucuuc:ccswx xcu:ux:cs,
^l ccycc:s.z.u sccuuc nc:cscu cuyw. l ucx:cu:c sccuucu uscxu nczsu.uc.
ccxuz ^l10, c:scusuuz u xcu:ux:w c uucc:uuuw:u sccuuw:u u::uuc u sccuuw:u
:uccuz:u. lcc.cucc s ucc:u:usuc:c: ncucc u:cucuuc c:yx:yw ncucu.c s uczo
39 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 10uuuu 6.m6
c 11 cu. lu:uuuz uuu.u xcucu:ucsu:. ycu.uz csccu uscxu uu lcccuu, u ucsuz
ccxuz uscxu ^ll cncuu.uucsu.uc. uu lscncucxcu u 1uu:cxcu lcccuu, lusxuc u
u..uc: lcc:cxc. C :uxcu c:yx:ycu ^l scuc. s :uuwu ncuc csccu uc:cuu.
l 11 cy s lu:uuuu nczsu.cc. :uuuc:cc:sc usuuuu c ucx:cu:c: scyuucu
uscxu {1l, cc su cu co1cuucuuw: c ucx:cu:c: cncuuu. :c ncuc.cuuc
scu.c uacqc:cc1c:xcu, uycuuc: cz:c..ucc:u u ccc:czuuz uucc:uuuwx sccuucscyu
uwx cu., ux usuuucuucu :cxuuxu, sccyxcuuz, unuccs :cn.usu, u :uxxc ccc:us.cuuc: nc
cuz nccncx:usuwx co1cx:cs .z c:u:cuccxux oc:ouucscx, uucxc..xc :uxcswc ow.u
:cu :cxuuccxu ccycc:su:w. lusu, oc..uuuc:sc ucc.ccsu:c.cu cxcz:cz sc :ucuuu c
:c:, :c c 12 cu uscxu llC 1l1{ cycc:scsu.u nux:uccxu uc:uuu..uc.
lc.u .z sccuucu u :ccxcu usccx su ncc.cuux cu scuuw ow.u ncucc: c:
uccu:c..uc yc:czsucucz cx:uuw ux cz:c..ucc:u, :c c ClC scc coc:cz.c ccscucuuc
uuuc. lc c:u:yc u uuu scc cc uc yc:cz.uc. u uyxu.uc. s y:cucuuu, c: u uuz.cz
oyyuu ucx:c ^l \u..z: x. ^uxcuux. 22 cx:zoz 11 cu s sccuuc: :uuuc
:cc:sc ccc:cz.cc. ccscuuuc, uu xc:cc: cu: lu::uu xc:z u nucy:c:scsu., uc c.csu :ux
u uc nc.yu.. Oocyxu.uc. nc.cxcuuz nc nccc:cuxc uoc:w c:u:cuccxcu ucu:yucu
uscxu, uunus.cuuwc s ncsyu ccc. uu ncswucuuc c:sc:c:scuucc:u ClC ncc sccu
uw: :uuuc:cc:sc: u s cccocuucc:u ncc cc uscwsu:c..uw: ucx:cu:c:. cx.uux
cxc ucxu:uxcsu. cycc:syuyu cxc:y ynus.cuuz ClC u nc:cocsu. nccc:c:c:.
cc cuuuuucuuyu c:yx:yy c :c:, :cow ^l .cxc :c xcu:c.ucsu:. cc uoc:y
c ucu:u:u. ^uxcuux uusu. u c:c.cuuwc nccncx:usw nc.uuc:cu ccuuuuuu,
nc.cxus sscc:u s ClC ncc:usu:c.cu sccuucc :uuuc:cc:su, 1:uu.:cuc:su u 4cuu
cquc .z ccuuuz nccouz cuuuuucuucc xc:u:c:u nc ncccu:c..c:sc: lu::uuu.
2 uczoz 11 cu yxcscu:c.. ^l1{ nc.yu. cquuu..ucc yxuuuuc c nccc:c:c
cuuuuucuucu c:yx:yw uscxu u ccuuuu s ucu qyuxucuu..uwx ncuc.cuuu. Ju
xcu uu cuc:su:c..uc ncswuu. `ncuucc:.` ClC .z nccuc.cuuwx scc:c:s u s a:c:
c:ucucuuu ow. scc.:u uccucuucu. Jc: uc :cucc, lu::uu uc nc:cc:csu. nc:us ucc,
:c .u s cu.y ncuxcuccxcc uuc:ccuuz, :c .u s cu.y cc.ucuz c nc.cxcuucu xcucnucu.
\xc s cxuoc cu:u..uwu unnuu: uscxu c:u. ncc:us.z:. ccocu z qyuxucuu..uwx
ncuc.cuuu.
= |cu:u..ucc ouc,
= nc.u:uccxuz ccxuz,
= sccuuc:ccxuz ccxuz,
= axcuc:uccxuz ccxuz,
= ccxuz xucs,
= ccxuz nuxw:uz,
= ccxuz ccxc:ucu :cxuuxu,
= ccxuz cszu,
= ccxuz sucuuux cszcu,
= ccxuz n.uuucsuuuz ncoccs.
lcuqcuuuwu unnuu: uscxu ow. ncc:us.cu `uucc:uuuw:u ouc` = cu
cu:yu:u, xc:cwc ncucc c:u.u u:cucsu:.cz `c:uuuz:u`. lccuuuuuz uu a:c: uc
cc:uucsu.uc.. lux yxc yxuwsu.cc., s nccncx:usc x uoc:c ClC c.xcu ow. ncx.uu:.cz
4cuu cquc, :c u ncucu.c s :u:c 11 cu. Cncuu..uc .z uoc:w nc .uuuu un.c
:u:uccxcu uscxu lu::uu ccu. s ccc:usc ClC luscwsu:c..ucc ouc, s u:u: xc:c
cc sx.uu.u cqucu cszu c 4cuu cquc \u..z:u Juc.u. lcc.c a:cc uoocsuu:yu
^l1{ ow.u nccuuu ncuc.cuuu uscxu sccuucc :uuuc:cc:su, c:sc:c:scuuc:y
u csz. c ClC.
lccuuuuuz 11 = 11 cu uuc:yu ycxc..uc: c: suu:uuuz ucc.ccsu:c.cu uc
:cuu ou:uucxcu uscxu, couuuux uuu:c..uc oc..ucc suu:uuuc uu ncucuuyu
cqc:y 121 cu. Ouuxc u:cuuc ucu ^uxcuuxu u.u cuc:su:c..uc cc.cuwu :c.cx
x ccuuuuuu ClC s ccc:sc:c:suu c :cocsuuuz:u ncc.csccuucc :uu u cuc:scsu.u s
:ccuuc ncc.cyuux ccz:u.c:uu.
3uscuuz xu:xuu coc cuc:c:w ou:uucxcu uscxu c 11 cu, c.cyc: c::c:u:.
ucnccxuyc:wu ncscc: scx:cu cc uuu:cc:u s ncc.cyuuc cw. Ccusuuc csccc
cu uu:y .z nuxw:uz ccoc:scuucu cz:c..ucc:u sccuucc :uuuc:cc:sc u 1:uu.
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 10uuuu 6.m6 AU
:cuc:sc scxcc couuyxu:, :c nucu:c:w nc:cuz.uc., u :c s cqcc sucuuux cncuuu
ClC ncc:cncuuc nccxsu:u.u ux, xuu.cc. ow, ucwo.c:cc .ucc:sc. lc.u ow yxcscu:c.u
sucs sccyxcuuwx cu. ow.u xc:z ow uc:ucc oc.cc u..ucsuuw, cuu uuxcu uc cnyc:u
.u ow a:cc, uc c:c:.cuuc cocux scc:c:s uocxu:. `zucu` uoc:w nusc.c ux x snc.uc
nccxuyc:c:y cy..:u:y.
2. l13lll1
Cycc:scsusuuz ncc.c lcscu :ucscu scuuw couz xcucnuz cocu uuqc:uuu
.z nusu:c..c:su ccucsuyu c.. s a:c: nccccc c:scu.u un.c:u:u:, uu uscxy xc sc
.uu.cc. .uu. cowsuuuc uccc:ynuwx .z c:xw:cc uycuuz :u:cuu.cs. O:cuu sw:cxu.
yxc ync:zuy:wu nuuun `:c:.cu c:uuw`, :c cc:. xu:ccuccxuu unc: uu ncsccuuc
cucu:yu:u cncu:usuwx :ccnuz:uu nc:us c:uuw csccc ncowsuuuz. lc uocxuuuc
ucxu xc:nc:c:uuu un.c:u:cs, nccc:us.cuuc uscuxu: un.c:u:uccxcc nuxw
:uz ucx.uu.cc., :c ccusu.c .z uoc:w ClC nux:uccxu ucnccc.u:wc ncnz:c:suz.
Ouuxc lu::uu cy:c. ucuu:. a:c, xuu.cc. ow, :ynuxcscc nc:usccuc u nc.cxu.
xc:nc:uccuwu suuuu:, ucnc..csusuuucz s u..ucuuc: cc ccz:xu .c:. l ccc:usc 4c
uu cquc ow.c coucsuuc \nus.cuuc nucnc:ucc xcu:c.z {ll, xc:cc:y, s cscu
ccc., ncuuz.uc. c:xw:wc s c:uuux :uu ccc:sc:c:syuuc ouc {llO. Cc:yuu
xu ll uc u:c.u un.c:u:uccxcc c:u:ycu, uc cu:u.uc. ncccuu.c: ^l, .z uux uxc
ow.u yc:uucs.cuw cncuquccxuc uuu, ususuuc sc:cxucc:. xu.cucc ncsuxcuuz.
= c:uuuu nucnc:uwu cquc,
= cquc nucnc:ucc xcu:c.z,
= nc:cuux cqucu nucnc:ucc xcu:c.z,
= xcu:c.c,
= :cxuuccxuc uoc:uuxu {x.cxu, nccscuxu, ccxc:uu u nuc.:cscu:c.u.
Iu scc a:u c.xucc:u uuuuu.uc. uscuxu, cquuu..uc nccscusuuccz uu c.yxoy
s ll. C.cyc: c::c:u:., :c lu::uu sc :ucc: co:uuy.cz s cscux cxuuuuzx, nccxc..xy
4cuu cquc c:xuu.cz ucc:u:usu:. cuc:c:y nucnc:ucc xcu:c.z xux uc:c ccscucuuc
c:y uc ncuucuucc. ^l ux:usuc s:cuusu.cz s scnccw c:xw:uz u uxw:uz ouc,
ncc:ccuuz cc:yuuxcsuscuxcs u ccusu. a:u: uc:u.c nco.c: .z ux ccucsucu
uoc:w. lc:c :cc, qyuxuu llO nc nuxw:uu c:uu. uc zs.z.uc. cuucxycu. Iu cqu
ccs sc.uu.uc. xcuxc:uwc u scc.:u :ycc:xuc cozuuucc:u nc uoc:c c nucnc:u:u u
suu:u, swnc.ucuuc xc:cwx uccxc nc.ucc:.u nc.cu.c ux sc:z u uc cc:us.z.c sc
:cxucc:u uuz:.cz cncu:usucu cz:c..ucc:.u. 3u:c xcucy..cxuc u ncuc cocw uc:uuc
cc:usu.uc. s ucnczxcuuu ouc nucnc:ucc xcu:c.z u :c: cu:w: c:uc:u c.uxusu.u
scuyu cc:c:y quuuuccscc scnccu. Ouuxc s u..ucuuc: s zc c.yucs a:c nusc.c x
cc.cuw: .cync:co.cuuz:, u cuuxw, s 1 cy, nccouwc cuc:suz cucc u cu
cu:cs s xcucuc: u:cc nusc.u x xyucuuu sccu cuc:c:w ou:uucxcu uscxu uu ccscc
xcu:uucu:u..ucu lscnw.
luxuw: cc: s uc:cuu ClC c:u. 11. l a:c: ncuc xuouuc: :uuuc:cs u nu.u
:cu: cuu.u nccc:c:c:. z cqc ccyuc:scuucc ynus.cuuz, s :c: uc.c cncc.yxow,
u nucncccou:. ux x u:cuusuu:cz uyxu: :uucc sc:cuu. l nusu:c..c:sc ow. couc
suu ncswu lc:u:c: nc ccxc:uw: c.yxou:, cucu u cquuu..uc cqc:y.ucsuuuwx .us
uwx uu xc:ccc zs.z.uc. uu:u uu:ccccs uscwsu:c..uwx cuucs sucs sccyxcu
uwx cu., :c cc:. u:uu, q.c:u u usuuuu. C a:cu c..u ow.c nuuz:c cucuuc coucsu:.
s ccc:usc ClC ccc:sc:c:syuuc ccxuu, usuc xux u ccxuu, c:scuuuc u uunus.cuuc
un.c:u:uu u axcuc:uccxcu scuuw. Ccoc:scuuc, a:u xcucnuz ow.u uc ucsu u ncc:c s
uccxc..xc u:cucuuc: suc ncs:cz.u uc:uuc cu.ucsuuuwc s 11 u 11 cux ucu
^uxcuuxu. lx cxcuu:c..ucu cu.uuuu nc:cuu.u coc:uucsxu sccuucc sc:cuu u uc
xc.uuuc xc:uuyuux ou:uucxu:u scucxu:u uu u.uuwx Jl swnycxu:. u cscux yx
xcu:c.. uu ucu:yucu uscxcu, uc :cnc. cu:yuuz u:cuu.uc.. Cycc:scuuw: qux:c
c: c:u.c uunus.cuuc uu c.yxoy s ClC cquccs u :cx cu.cswx :uuuc:cc:s, xc:cwc
s cncc.cuucu c:cncuu zs.z.uc. uuu:c: suu:u:c..ucc c:ucucuuz uscxu x uyxu:
u:uu, usuuuu u q.c:u. :u ncocu sccuuwx cocuy.uc. ux cycc:scuuw: ncuxcuuc: uu
AJ Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 10uuuu 6.m6
yc: qcu:c, nccxc..xy ^l, Il u 1l ow.u cxcuu:c..uc .uucuw nusu uu sccuuc
ucu:yucu uscxu. Ouu uccxc..xc c:wu.uc. uu yc: u nc.yu.u nusc nccccuc
uuuuu:. u csccu ccw xuxcc ucscc uuu..uuxu uscxu.
Ouuxc ncxu y y.z ClC ncc.xu. c:cz:. lu::uu, u u:cuuc c:y ow.c cyxcuc u
scuu:. uuu:yu s xcuc scuuw ccuuuuuu. O:uwuc c:yx:yu cu:u..ucc unnuu:u
uscxu c.xuu ow.u sx.uu:.. cncu:usuwc u :ux uuwsuc:wc `uxy.zucuuwc` ccxuu,
c:scusuuc u uccw.xy cow:cu uuqc:uuu. l uc.y ncswx c:uccu.uc. ncuc.cuuz,
scuuuc sucuucu xcu:uscxcu, xuu:u u quuuucu:u, x uc.y s:cwx = scc cc:u..uwc.
^uuuc:cc:su sucs sccyxcuuwx cu. ccu.u s cscux uscwsu:c..uwx cuuux ccxuu
cszu c ClC, cxu..uc ncs:czuuc cc c:yx:yy s uc:u, ux xucuucucz {nusu, :uuuc
:cc:sc usuuuu ucxu.cc. c a:u: c cu:cc xcuu 120x ccs. lc:cxuc, u:cuuc nc
a:cu nuuuc z ucc.ccsu:c.cu y:scxuc:, :c sccuuuz, usuuucuuuz u sccuuc:ccxuz
ccxuu ClC qux:uccxu uc nuuu.cxu.u cu, u zs.z.uc. ncuc.cuuz:u usccuucs
u:uu, usuuuu u q.c:u. l c:cy:c:suc cxy:cu:u..uwx nc:scxcuuu nuuz:. a:y :cxy
cuuz :yuc. Iuxcuc u un.c:u:w nc.ucc:.u cc.ucu.uc. c ucnc..csuuuc: ucu:yw .z
coc.yxusuuuz ux uyx u ncc.c c::cuw s 11 cy unc:u ClC uu sccuuc nc.u:uccxcu
uscxu, uucocc:, uuc:uusu.u uu sx.ucuuu ux s cuc:c:y xcu:c.z uu ucu. l sccuuc:
:uuuc:cc:sc ccxuz cszu c uscxcu ccc:cz.u u :cx cquccs, cuu: u xc:cwx zs
.z.cz oyyuu yxcscu:c.. ClC C:uu: Iaxc: ^cuuc. Ccxuz cszu c ClC s uscxc
1:uu.:cuc:su u:cucsu.uc. Il u sc.us.z.uc. xunu:uuc: 1c uuu Cc:csu..c:.
xcuc:uccxuz ccxuz ClC uucc uoc:u.u s :ccuc: xcu:ux:c c Ccxucu axcuc:uccxcu
uscxu xuouuc:u :uuuc:cs. :u :u.cuscc:uuz c:yx:yu cc cc sc:cu scuuw ccouu.u
uuqc:uuu u c:xw:wx uc:cuuxcs s ccyxcc:sc c O:c.cuuc: uscxu :ucscu :c
cs.u, sncc.cc:suu nccqc:ucsuuuw: s :uuuc:cc:sc o.cxuw. C cxcuuuuc: occswx
cuc:suu scc ync:zuy:wc cuuw xuouuc:u :uuuc:cs ncxu:u.u cscc cycc:scsuuuc, uc
coucsusuuucz ncc.c uux suxyy: nccycc:scsu. c:uccu:c..uc ucc.c. 3uuu cszu c
ClC s co.uc:u axcuc:uccxcu uscxu nuuz. uu ccoz cnu:u:cu: u:ccxcu :ccs.u
xuouuc:u :uuuc:cs, cuuxc nusu:c..c:sc uu a:c: uc ycncxcu.cc.. l:cucuuz uuc:ynu.u
s 10 cy. Icxc:cwc ucc.ccsu:c.u cu:uu: ccuuuc |cu:u nc:wu.cuucu uscxu
{ll| sc .usc c :uucc: cc:cuc: ^c:cuc:, uuc.cuuw: nusc: nz:cc cx.uu
.usc xuouuc:u, a.c:cu:c: y:uuucc nccccu, yuc xc nc.uuu:, :c cu scuux nc nu
uuc :cc, :c nc:.c:uuuc: lu:ccu ^uxcuu.. c:uz.cz cou:.cz nuuunuu..ucc
y.yucuuz ClC u ncuc. nc nuu..c..uc:y ny:u. l .uoc: c.yuc, cquuu..ucc cccocuuc
co a:c: nczsu.cc. .uu. s 1 cy. |cu: zs.z.cz c:yx:yuw: ncuc.cuuc: lc:u:c:u
u:nccxcu coccuw u c.xcu ow. scc:u :c..xc uuqc:uucuucuuu.u:uccxyu uoc:y uu
ccucsuuuu c:xw:wx uc:cuuxcs uuqc:uuu. c:u:uc:uccxux cnuscuuxcs, cquuu..uwx
c:c:cs u :c:y nccoucc. l u:cc n.uuucsu.cc. ccu:. uuu:cxuu ouux uuuwx c:uccu
:c..uc sscu, swscu, ccoc:scuucu cowu u ncuscc:su suxucuuux sucs c:u:cuccxcc
cw.z nc scc:y :uy, ususuux sc:cxucc:. ncucucsu:. uu:ccuuz u nccncx:usw
ccyuc:s s sccuucu co.uc:u. Oncu:usuuz uoc:u s uuu ll| uc sxcu.u. l ucc:u:u
suc:wc sc:cuu uuu.u:uccxuc ncuc.cuuz cc uc nc.yu.u :cc usu:uz, xc:ccc cuu
cc:u.u ncucc, :c zs.z.cc. c.uow: :cc:c: .uocu, u uc :c..xc ou:uucxcu cncc.yxow.
C.cyc:, nusu, c::c:u:., :c cu:u xcucnuz uscwsu:c..ucu cz:c..ucc:u s Cccuucu
uc: lcc.csc:sc uuuu..uc ncnc.uu.u ncsccuuc uuqc:uucuucuuu.u:uccxcu uoc
:w uc s cowsuuc: uscuuuwc scc:c:sc, u y ux nc:cou:c.cu, :c cuy xc ucx.uu.c
u a:cc nccccu ClC. Iu ncswu s.z, ucx.ucuuc ccc:us.z.u sucuuzz xcu:uscxu,
uc nccxc..xy cncc.yxou cu:u zs.z.uc. nc:cou:c.c: a:cu uuqc:uuu, :c u a:c ncxucuc
snucwsu.cc. s coyu xcucnuu. lca:c:y ucz ^uxcuu..u cxuu.uc. ncccscu u u
scu, s cccocuucc:u .z lu:uuuu, uc uc nuucc.u cy..:u:cs, xc:cwx :c.u ow cc:u.,
ucx.uu:c..uc nc xucsw: nuuuu:. |cu: nc:wu.cuucu uscxu ow. yxc:n.cx:csuu
s ccucsuc: uccncccouw:u x sccnuz:uu ucswx :c:ccs swxcu:u u ClC, u cxuuc:cc
ncwsu s couoc:xc uuqc:uuu uc ncucu.c. lcc:us.zu: uu:ccc suu:cc:ucucuuz
ll| c ncowsusuu: s cnncuuu \uuc:cuc: cu..c:. ^c:cu ow. cc o.uxu: yc:
u xuuuc ccu.cz, xcu :c: s cscux nu.u:cu:cxux swc:yn.cuuzx cnuu.cz uu ucnc
sccuuwc uuuwc. \u:wsuz c.. cu..z s lu.u:c couu, cc cuuoxu :c.u cocu:uc.
lc.uxcou:uuuu scc.:u ccc, nca:c:y yxcscu:c.. ll| cou.cz y nc:.c:uuuc:u
cncuu..ucc ucucuuz cscu:. ccxc:uyu uuqc:uuu c csccuuz uc uuxczcccz
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 10uuuu 6.m6 A2
uu ccyuc:scuucu c.yxoc cnncuucucu. lcc.cyuuc nc:.cw lc.yuu u c:oc.cu
ncc.xu.u a:y nux:uxy, s cy..:u:c xc:ccu cu... ncuuxc:u.cz c c:u.z:u uoc:w
uscxu u nucoc. x uu: ucncxczuu uu:ccc.
lcsuuzc. x ClC, c.cyc: c::c:u:. ucxc:ccc cscccouuc cc cuuuuucuucu
c:yx:yw s ncuc 12 = 124 ccs. lyxcscu:c.u uscxu {xccscc cocuucuuc C,SS
ncuuz.uc. su :unu ncuc.cuuu cu:u..ucc unnuu:u. lcswu u uux, cocuuusuuucz
.u:uucxcu .u:ccu `C`, ncc:us.z.u axcuc:uccxuz, sccuuuz, sccuuc:ccxuz, ncucc
nc.u:uccxuz u usuuucuuuz ccxuu, c:sc:c:scuuwc u ncc:uucsxy uscwsu:c..uwx uu
cncu:usuw: ncuc.cuuz: u u csz. c ccc:sc:c:syuu:u :uuuc:cc:su:u. l s:cc:y
:uny c:uccu.uc. cncu:usuwc qyuxucuu..uwc ccxuu `I` {nccxsu: u nc.uc:uuz
un.c:u:uccxcu nc:w uucc:uuuwx ccyuc:s, ccxuz lc:uu:cuu u |cu:u..uuz
xu:c:cxu, u :uxxc ccuquccxuc ynnw `G`,.
= ou.:uucxuz c cucu:yu:u s 1u:suu, 1u:sc, c:cuuu u 4uu.zuuu,
= cxuuuuuscxuz c cucu:yu:u s uuuu, lscuu, Icscuu u lc..uc,
= c:uucxuz c cucu:yu:u s Ic:uuuu, Iuc.uuux, lc..uu u lcuucxcu co
.uc:u,
= uscuucxuz c cucu:yu:u s lscuuuu, 4uuuu, l:u.uu, lcnuuuu u lc:y
u.uu,
= cu:u..uccscncucxuz c cucu:yu:u s 1sc:uu, cxuu, C.csuxuu, lcuuu,
lc.uuu, Icc.usuu u ly:wuuu,
= u..ucscc:cuuz c cucu:yu:u sc l.uuscc:cxc, 7uouuc, luuxuc, Icuxcuc,
Jcxuc u luuxyscc,
= o.uxucscc:cuuz c cucu:yu:u s Jyuu, lun:c, Icuu lu.cc:uuc u uu uc
owsucu lcccuucxcu u:ncuu,
= ouc s I.ulcxc uu nusux c:c..ucu ynnw.
l 12 cy ynnw `G` nc.yu.u nusu ccxuu, u ux xc.ucc:sc ncc:czuuc su.ucsu.cc.,
uc uc sccc usuz.cc. c:wc:. l nusccuuc:y cnucxy ncuucuuwx u: `c:uuuu`
ClC c.cyc: c:uccu:.cz c oc..ucu cc:ccxucc:.u. uc:. u uux ccc:cz.u u cuccsyx
c.cscx u s.uu.u xu.xcc cycc:scsuuuc, yuc uc.u.uc. :c..xc s nccncx:usuwx n.uuux
usu:uz, :ucuc ncc:cncuuc uxwsu.uc.. Iuu.c 120x ccs ClC sccoc nccxusu.u
xuuuc :zxc.c. 14 uu.z 12 cu s scuc:c 2 .c: s uu cnccs c ncuucuucc:u lu
su:c..c:scuucu uxc.w xccs u uuqcs {llll y:c ^aucqu. lu::uu, uuu:usuuu
ncc: yxcscu:c.z uscxu s :ccuuc 12 .c:. l ccc:sc:c:suu c ync:zuy:cu ccsccuucc:.u
c c:uuu xucs, :ccc:uccxu ClC c.xcu ow. sc.usu:. c:uu. uc :czx, u u:cucxuu
u.u usuuucuuwu cquc. Ouuxc ucsw: `Cu` c:u. owsuuu ucx:c uscxu 1:uu.
:cuc:su u:uu. 7.u Cuux.c, nccxc..xy cu:u.cc., :c :c..xc cu ow. s ccc:czuuu coccnc
u:. cucsc:cuucc yxcscc:sc u ClC, u llll. 1:uu. uc:u.c cc.u. .z ncswuc
uuz c.u u us:cu:c:u uscxu s a:c: ncuc uc:cz. lcc.c o.cc:zcc u c:uu:uccxcc
lu::uuu ClC uyxu.uc. s oc.cc nuc:.cuuc: yxcscu:c.c, cncccouc: uousu:. cc c:
u.c:uu:c:su u swscc:u uu ycscu. ncqcccucuu..ucu, xcc:xc ynus.zc:cu cuuuuuu,
csccc cu ncnuz:uz s cuc:c:c ccyuc:scuucc ynus.cuuz. Ic..z cxuu:., :c a:c
yu.cc. Cuux.cy s nc.ucu :cc, uc scc xc cu cy:c. ccu:. u ClC ncc:czuuc cuc:sy
uyu cncc.yxoy c qc:u..ucu cuuuuucuucu c:yx:ycu, xcc:xu: u:uuuc:uc
suuuc: u :u:c..uc xcu:c.uyc:w:u ucxcu:u. lu uc: :uxxc uuu.u c:uccu:c..uc
cy.zuc scxwsu:.cz su.uw c un.c:u:uccxcu nc:cu uucc:uuuwx ccyuc:s, cu u
cuu. ccuuuc nuu..c..ucu cc:u uc.cu..uwx cucu:y `7` u scc:cuc cncccoc:scsu.
y.yucuuu :cxuuccxcc ccuucuuz uscxu, s :c: uc.c unnuu:ycu .z ucu:yucu
uuccszu. l:cuuc Cuux.c cou:u. nuc:u..ucc suu:uuuc uu sucuuuu xcu:uscxy,
xc:cyu yncuc c:uu.cz uucucsu:. cc ncucc:scuuux.
1:uu. nuuz. yxcscc:sc ClC s scc.:u c.cxuwu ncuc. Iu ncswx ncux cu
xu.csu.cz, :c scc. ouxc: cc scc:c:su uc ncswuuc: c:cu:cc:u ccscc cccxuuuz
acxucuucc :uucuccu s cscux scux, u uccy:csu., cc :cxuc cxuu:. c: c:c.. c.uoc
quuuucuyc:cu cncc.yxow. lu.u:cu:, cuuxc, uc snc.uc ncuu:u. cc:c:y cu:yuuu u
cycc:scuuc ycu. ouxc:w sccx oc ucx.ucuuz ccxc:uwx scc:c:s, ncc.c cc c yc:c:
nucuuz cu..ucu c:cu:cc:u qyu:u c:c.uucs ucxcw uu ux cccxuuuc c:u.u uxc :cu.
uu:u, c: sc sc:cuu yxcscu:c.z xc:sc.cscxcu uscxu xcuu Jc.c. l 122 cy
ClC s:cc:c c swc.cuucu xun:cuquccxcu c.yxocu ow.u cquuu..uc u1z:u u sccuuz
A3 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 10uuuu 6.m6
sccuucc :uuuc:cc:su u nccncuucuu un.c:u:uccxc:y scc:c:sy, ncc.c cc cc c.cy
ucc cu Cuux.cu s uxw:cu c.yxcoucu nccnucxc u:cucsu.u yxc `yxcscu:c.c: ccx
c:ucu c.yxow u ucx:cc: llll`. lun:cuqw cxuu.uc. nc uuu.c: uscuxcs,
xc:z ux u:u:w u cuuuuuz ncncxuc:y cc:usu.uc. s uuu:c..ucu c:cncuu ucusucu:w
:u. lu ucxsu:xu ccc:s ncxu:u.uc. cncuuu uu uc lscnw u uu u..uc: lcc:cxc,
c.c cu.c c nc.ucc ynuucuuz ccxuu nc.u:uccxcu uscxu. Ic cuc scc usuc uc
xsu:u.c, u c: a:cc s ncsyu ccc. c:uu.u uuoc:xu u cuuoxcuuc cncu:usucu :cxuu
xcu u ccc:su:u cszu. lcxucuc ususuyucz u cw scuuw uuquc:yx:yy uc:uuc
cscuy.u, uc:uuc uxcuccsucsu.u. c ccxucuuz u:u:cs ClC ucnc.uu.u `c:uuuz
:u` s 1quuux, lcuy:c, lc.uuc, lcuc, luccc.c, lyxucc:c, lyaucc1uccc, luuusc, lcuc,
l.uuscc:cxc, lcncuucuc, 1uccuocuc, luuxc, luc, lcsc.c, luc, lc::cu:c, Ccquu,
C:cxc..:c, Jcxuc u 7c..cuuxu, :cnc. xc ccxuuz.uc. .uu. `.cu..uwc` cucu:yw,
:uuucuuc uuxcusuuccz nc nuxw:uc: ouc nucnc:ucc xcu:c.z nccc..c:s. l.u
uucsusucccz s 12 cy ycuuuc quuuucucsuuuz cuc:c:w llO swuyu.c ow uxw:.
scc cucu:yw s 3unuucu lscnc, u ucx.ucuuc: luuxu, luccc.z u 1u:scncuu.
lc:us a:cc ucuc.c c csccu c:c:u cxc swc:ynu. lu::uu. Ou cy:c. cxuu:., :c
nc:u:c yuu nc ucu:yuw: cncuuz:, ncc.uo.cuuc sucscu cuc:c:w nuscc: x nu:cxy
uu :cu:cuu lc.uxcou:uuuu :ucxcc:su ucxc.u:c..uwx uucc:uucs, s :c: uc.c u nu
owsuuux c ncwsuw:u c.z:u. 1y:cu:uuz scw:c.u cuc:suc, u s u:cc ccxucuuc
quuuucucsuuuz cxuu.cc. uc c:c.. cycc:scuuw:, xux n.uuucsu.cc. suuu.c. Jcnc. u
xwsu.uc. .uu. cucu:yw s |uuxc, ^uuc, 1uccuocuc u 1uxcc:oyc, nusu, u:u:
uuz uc.cuucc:. cc:usuuxcz cycc:scuuc y:cu.uu.uc.. ClC uuu.u cscuusu:. ucu:yuwc
cc:u s lc.uuc, Iu:oyc u sc sccx ncuuuuwx c Ic:uuucu ccyuc:sux, u ucx.ucuuc:
cu:cu xynucu u uux, uuxcusucucz s Ic..uuuu u cxccuc coxcusucucz s uwcxusu
c:wc c oc..uu: :yc: 0 :wcz qyu:cs. l 120 = 121 quuuuccsc: cy ClC c:cu.u
ou:uucxu: uu.ccn.u:c..uxu: 21 qyu: 14 uu..uucs u 11 ncuccs
{.z cusucuuz, s
11 cy = 240000 qyu:cs, u s u..ucuuc: uxc a:u :ucuuz cy::u ucyx.cuuc y:cu.
uu.uc.. .z ccxucuuz ucxccs ucncccc:scuucc yxcscc:sc scc:u `nc.csw:u` cncu
uz:u s lscnc ow.c sc.cxcuc uu :ux uuwsuc:yu lcu:uucu:u..uyu ccxc:uyu c.yxoy,
u:uoxsu:uu xc:ccu sn.c:. c uuu.ucu 1sc:uu uuxcu.uc. s lcuc. lu c:cy:c:suz
ccc:s c:xw:uc `c:uuuu` ClC s ^ccxsc cc:u.cc. uccc:uxu:cu :c:cu Cuux.cu, xux
u cc ncucc:scuuuxu lu::uuu. \sc.ucuuc ouxc:uwx uccuucsuuuu uuu.cc. :c..xc c
1 cu, u ncxu .yucc uscwsu:c..ucc cccocc:sc uuu.u c:c.c:uz cxuu.u :yuwc
sc:cuu. uxc ncc.c cc:u quuuucucsuuuz x 12 = 12 cu: nusu:c..c:sc :u:u.c uu
scc sc:su ccxc:uwx c.yxo sccc 10 :wcz qyu:cs s c
.
lc.uu nw:u.cz uu:. uu a:c:, cuuxc cc :uuuuz un.c:u:uz nuuccu.u ucuuu:c..uwc
n.cw. 1cucu uc xc.u. c:xw:c c:uucsu:.cz uu ccc y quuycs, u xcu uc:cxuu
:uuuc: uucc:uuuwx c. lu..:c lu:cuuy cou:u.cz x lu:uuuu c ncc.ocu co co.ccuuu
yc.csuu cnuuuu, :c nc.yu. c:xu. Ic:uuuz nyu.u ccuuuxcs yccu csc.uuu uu
usu.u axcuc:uxu ssuy ucnc1c:uwx cnuuucuuwx n.u:cxcu u c:xuu.uc. cc.ucu:.cz
c yc:uucs.cuucu .z ucc cy::cu s 22 :u..uucs c.c:wx :ucx. O:sc:c: uu a:c s 121
cy c:u.u cxxynuuz yucoyu u uccc..cqu, u:c: c:uuu .uuu.uc. uc:u lcxucu
Cu.cuu, c:uuucu ncc.yuucu lc..uc. 4uuuz uscuy.u ycncuuyu uoc:y nc cc:uou
.uuuu ncc:czuuc :cuzuuxcz nusu:c..c:s u ucxc.y Ic:uuuu uu uc:u. l 12 cy cc
u:uz cxxynucsu.u ly, u Ic:uuuz :ucscuuc y:u:u.u ncuscu:cc y.z, 4
xc.cu u 0 yyuu, yxuy. xyc uc:cxcu :uxu, uc, xux sc:cuc, u uu: uuu:u.cz
quuycxuu quux u scz cscncucxuz su.u:uuz cuc:c:u. l xcuy 11 cu c..u Cl1
usuz.cz nu:cuc 4 :uxu:, u uu nuxc uuq.zuu 1 uczoz 12 cu cu c:cu. yxc 4,2
:u..ucuu :ucx
4
. lusu:c..c:sc lcu:ucxcu ccnyo.uxu swuyxcuc ow.c c :uxcu owc:
c:cu swnycxu:. ouuxuc:w, :c uc xsu:u.c sc:cuu uu ncu:uuuc ux c cocux c:ccu. lucu
xuuucuc:sc ncc:c u:u:ncsu.c couscuwc uy.u uu cycc:scsusuux xynuux u swnycxu.c
ux s coucuuc yxc nc ucsc:y uc:uuu.y. 4uuuuccsuz xu:uc:cqu ncs.cx.u u ccocu sws
uuucuu.uc:uccxux uuc:ccuuu, usu:uc sccuuucsuuuwx cuuuuuu quuuc:cxcc :unu
u cc: s.uzuuz cuxcscu.
L3 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
\ yxcscc:su ou:uucxcu uscxu ccxuuz.uc. .cxuuz yocxcuucc:. s ucux:yu..ucc
:u sccuuz ucu:yuwx cncuuu nc lcu:ucxcu ccnyo.uxc. Ouu ucnc.uu.u uccxc..xu:u
ucu:u:u s lc.uuc u Iu:oyc, u :uxxc nc.ucc:.u ccucu:ucsuuucu uu c:uucxcc uunus
.cuuc cc:.u s Ic..uuuu, cuuxc uuxuz xsu.uquxuuz ucu:cs uc ncsc.z.u ClC c.xuw:
couc: ccuusu:. coc:uucsxy. Iccc:u:cx suu:uuuz ycyyo.z.u quuuuccswc u xucswc
nco.c:w uscxu s c.c:. lc c cxcc y:cu.ucuuz uccuucsuuuu uu ccxc:uwc c.yx
ow 1cucu swc.z. uu cncu:usuyu uoc:y nc lcu:ucxcu ccnyo.uxc 0 :wcz qyu:cs s
c, nca:c:y u cccouxcuuu axcuc:uu s lscny cucsc:cuuc uunus.z.uc. uc oc.cc :cx
u:u:uwx cc:yuuxcs u cocc uc.u s :uu:. c.cscx. Ouu sz.c scocsu.u uc:cuuxcs
ccu :cc:ucc uucc.cuuz .z ccsccuuz :cxyux ccow:uu, uc u.cc a:cc ClC uc u.u. lu
qc:uuz uc ncuc.z.uc. uu sccuuyu, axcuc:uccxyu u nc.u:uccxyu, uuqc:uucuuc
uuu.u:uccxcu c.yxow uc cycc:scsu.c sccoc, nca:c:y u scz sucuuzz uscxu, u cc ccu
xu uccu.u ncscxucc:uwu xuux:c. :c nusc.c x :c:y, :c uuouusucc cu.w uuuc:cxcc
suxcuuc ycxc..uy.c c: suu:uuuz 1cucuu, u sucunucc ycu.cuuc Iuucuu.ccuu.uc:u
ccxcu uoccu nu:uu Ic:uuuu {IC1l cxuu.cc. .z ClC u 4cuu cquc ccscucuuc
uccxuuuuw: u ucnuz:uw: cunuc:, x xc:cc:y uux:c uc ow. c:cs.
Ccsc:cxuc cncc.yxow cuc:scsu.u s Ic:uuuu nuuunuu..uc uuuc. lc..ucsuxu
ucc:u:usu.u lcu:ucxyu ccnyo.uxy xux uuuoc.cc nccncx:usuyu c:uuy .z ncc.
xcuuz csc.uuu s :ucsc: :ucu:uoc, u uc:w, s cscu ccc., nw:u.uc. ucnc..csu:.
Ccsc:cxyu lcccuu .z co.ccuuz oc:cuu lccu..cxcc :uu. lc a:u: nuuuu: cou
ccyuc:su scxcc yc:uucsu.u y c yc: ccscucuuc cccowc suu:cc:ucucuuz. lu
ncus.cuuu sccc:uuuz cnu:uxcscs s 11 cy uc:cxuz nc.uuz uxsu:u.u u ucc:csu.u
.cuu lc.u:ouc |l lll{o l. l. lucxu, uc ccu. owc:c u yoccu xu:cw s oc.uucxcu
:u.:c ^cuou: cu ow. ncccuxcu s yyu, snc.uc xc:qc:uoc..uyu, xc:cyu ucnc..csu.
xux uocuu xuouuc: u uxc nuuu:u. :u: nccc:u:c.cu u sucuucc :uu. C a:cc :c:cu:u
c:cu:wsuc:cz sccuucc cc:yuucc:sc cocux ccyuc:s s :uuuwu coxc cucuuu luux
cxcu :uucu xcuqccuuu. lcscuuu..uc ^ccxsu u lc.uu ucc:u:usu.u .uu. sc:cx
ucc:. ccs:cc:uwx cuc:suu uu c.yuu xcuq.ux:u cucu u c:ccu c lc..ucu, zs.zsucucz
cnccu lccu..cxcu cuc:c:w uu lcc:cxc, cuuxc yxc s uuu.c 121 cu s :uuuc:cc:sc
cuxcscu ow.u ccuuu cncuu..uuz ynnu .z suu:ccuc:suz c lll1. l :u:c :cc xc
cu uuu.uc. ncccscw c ncuscc:sc uu :cu:cuu lC4Cl unccuucu .z Ic:uuuu
sccuucu :cxuuxu, u 11 qcsu.z c.cyucc cu yxcscc:sc cuxcscu u lucuuz 1:uu
ncnucu.u sc:cuucc cc.uucuuc c cc:yuucc:sc.
lccoc xc s co.uc:u cccuucxcc:uucxux c:ucucuuu uu.zuc nczsu.cc. cscuc:sc
.uocu csc.uuu scs.cxu:. s cscu cou:y sccx :ux u.u uuuc x ucu nuuc:uwx, nuc:
c ccscucuuc ucnccxuyc:w:, uc cozu:c..uc qu:u..uw: cy..:u:c:. lcscuuu..uc
uc:cxuu cucu..uwu u:uo quuuucucsu. csc.uucuuwc nu:uu s lcccuu .z cc cc.uo
.cuuz u swscu u scuuw. :c c:y snc.uc yu.cc., cuuxc csc.uuz uc:c.cuuc nccoc
cu.uc. uu cu:y Ic:uucxyu u:ncuu u owc:c uyuu.u cc. Jcnc. yxc lC4Cl, u nc:c:
u CCCl ncnw:u.uc. ucnc..csu:. uc:cs .z usu:uz :ucscc csc.uucuucc nccccu,
uc s u:cc a:ux ncnw:cx scuux.u u yxcnu.uc. u:.ccscxuz Ic:uuuz. lc l:ccu :ucscu
scuuc cuu ow.u uou:u u uc.cuu uuscc, cuuxc ncc.cyucc co1cuucuuc cc nc.csuu
c:u.c cuu: u :c.xcs x ucnuy Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu. Oc:uucsu.cz .u :uz:uux nccccu
Iuu.c 120x ccs xuux:cucsu.cc. scc.:u :ccuw:u c:ucucuuz:u sccx sc:scu cc
sc:cxux cncc.yxo c lc:uu:cuc: u uuucuu..uw:u xc::yuuc:uccxu:u nu:uz:u, u xc:z
ncc.c zu :zxc.wx ncsu.cs c: nccoucu nux:uxu scxcc c:xuu.uc., uu ncsc: a:unc cuu
nuucc.u cncc.cuuwc n.cw. l a:c: c:ucucuuu c.cyc: c::c:u:. ux:usuwc ccs:cc:uwc
ycu.uz c:uucxcu xc:nu:uu u ccsc:cxcu uscxu nc nc:usccuc:suu ycu.uz: 4uuuu
ucxc.c:. c:uuy. lC4Cl,CCCl ncc.ccsu. c.. ncc:csu:. c.cc:uyu Ic:uuuu x ccu
u.uc:uccxcu csc.uuu, .z cc cuy ncc.c uuu.u cxxynuuu lyu uc.cu..uc c:nusu.
:yu cncu:usuyu ynny luscynu. l a:c:y :c:cu:y ncnc..uwc c:yx:yw Ill yxc uu
u.u .uucuucc u:cxcsuuuc, u xuxuz u uux c:scu.u u cscc uunus.cuuc cz:c..ucc:u.
= Cynnw = couz uscxu,
= ^ynnw = ucu:yucc ncuuxucscuuc s sccyxcuuwc cu.w u sccuuc ncwsucu
cz:c..ucc:u s u:uu u uu q.c:c,
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u LA
= lynnw = uuu.cuuuz uoc:u s cuuux nc.uuu,
= llynnw = cuuuuuz cc:u uocux xcccncucu:cs uu ncnuz:uzx u scc
uuc axcuc:uccxcu uscxu,
= Iynnw = coccnccuuc cszu, swc.cuuc xy.ccs, uc:cs.cuuc nucnc:cs u
yux cxy:cu:cs,
= Jynnw = yuuwc c:zw occsuxcs .z ncsccuuz usccuu u ux:cs :ccu.
l:cc:c a:u ncuc.cuuz ccc:us.z.u nu:uuuyu ccxc:uyu c.yxoy, s couxcc u:c
ucsusuyucz `uc:cxcu l`. lc sc.us.z. Iuuc lunncuocc, ncucc uouuuwu cny
:u:c: cuxc:uu, s xc:cc: cu sc.usu. xc:u:c: nc sccuuw: c.u:. lc:cc:scuuc, c:c..
yuuyu ncuuu uc..z ow.c ncscu:. ucxy xc:nc:c:uuu, nca:c:y lunncuoccy
nuu.cc. nccu:. cscu qyuxuu nc yxcscc:sy ccxc:ucu c.yxocu Ill 4uy lyc
{`u`, `cx:c lsu`.
l 12 cy s lc.uu nuow. l. I. luxcs {`4c.uxc lc..q`, s :ccuuc ncwycc
cu nc u:cuc: l.uu:uu luxcsu uoc:usuuu uuu..uuxc: c:c.u nc.ncc:su lC4Cl
s lcuc. l cuc:su:c..ucc:u cu zs.z.cz ncsw: cucu:c: luscynu s c:uucxcu c:c
.uc u, nc:u:c a:cc, swnc.uz. qyuxuu nc yxcscc:sy nu:uuucu uscxcu Ill.
lcc.c c:1cu luxcsu uu uc.cu..uyu uoc:y s Cccuucuuwc l:u:w 1:cuxu cc ncc:
ncc.ccsu:c..uc nccxcu. x l. ^. luxcuu:cuuy {`^uxc`, 1. . lcccy, 7. l. Cu.uwuu,
1. ^. lu:c.uuy u . . 1oc.:wuu {l. ^. luccs, `luxu`.
Ic.cu.w luscynu yc.z.u cccocc suu:uuuc ncc:csxc Jynn, cuuxc, cc.u uc
cu:u:. uccxc..xux :ccuc:uccxux ux:cs s c:ucucuuu quuycxux cquccs, yu
uwc c:zw :ux u uc nuc:ynu.u x cuc:suz: nc:us cxxynuucuuwx scucx. Oucu u
ccucsuwx uu nu:uuucu uscxu zs.z.cc. scxw:uc u yuu:cxcuuc uc.cu..ucu cu
cu:yw 2c ouc, uc uu uc:w, uu uoc:usuuc s :c: xc uunus.cuuu ccsc:cxuc ucu
:w uc c:c.u couuyxu:. a:y :cxy, cxwsusuyucz nc swsccxcu `|cu:u quuycxcu
cszu`.
12 c s Ic:uuuu cxuu.cz ocu:w: ccow:uz:u u cuu:cucsu.cz uc :c..xc cx
xynuucu lyu quuycxu:u scucxu:u, uc u sy:z ucyusuu:ucz ncnw:xu:u uxsu:u
ccyuc:scuucu s.uc:u, c ucoc..uu: uu:csu.c: ncnuuz:w:u xc::yuuc:u:u u uu
uc:u:u. Ouu ncc.ccsu.u cuy u :y xc c.., cuuxc s cc:u..uc: nuuunuu..uc c:.u
u.uc. y c: yu. Iuucuu.ccuu.uc:uccxuz uocuz nu:uz Ic:uuuu {IC1l
uc u:c.u sucuucu cncw u scc.:u n.cxc ncc:csu.u cscc swc:yn.cuuc, uc scc xc uuu.u
cc. lc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz Ic:uuuu, uucocc:, ucnc.uu.u ux:usucu nccxxcu cc
c:ccuw Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu u lc:uu:cuu u :u:c..uc cn.uuucsu.u scc c:u.u ncc:cz
ux cuc:suu, cuuxc s ncc.cuuu :c:cu: c:xuu.uc. c: ncsccuuz sccc:uuuz. lcy..:u:
cocux ncnw:cx ow. cuuuxcs = ncsu..
lcsw:u uuu.u cuc:scsu:. xc::yuuc:w, cc .c:c: 12 cu un.uuucsusuuc
sccyxcuuw: ny:c: yc:uucsu:. ccsc:cxyu s.uc:. uu sccu :cu:cuu Ic:uuuu. .z a:cc
cuu ucnc.uu.u 12 :wczu:u ocucs u :wczu:u xc:uuucs, csccuuwx s 00 `xuc
uwx cc:cu`. CCCl uccuucsu. uu c:uucxyu csc.uuu 400 :wcz c..ucs u ccycc:
s.z. nccxxy Ill cu.u:u O:c.u :cxyuucucu cszu lcnc.xc:u lc:uu:cuu {O^C
llll, sucuucu u sccuucu uscwsu:c..uwx c.yxo. lc.u:ouc |l lll{o cncuu..
uc .z a:cu c.u 21 usyc:u 12 cu ccu.c lc:uccuu nc :cxyuucuc:y nc.cxcuuu,
s xc:cyu scu.u 3uucs.cs, Jcxuu, C:u.uu, lucx u ucuu, u ncucc cc u lu:c
ucs, cxuucxuu, lz:uxcs u Ccxc..uuxcs. C ccu:zoz s Ic:uuuu uuxcu.cz \uu.ux:,
uuz:wu qc:ucsuuuc: `xucuwx cc:cu` {uscc:uwx :uxxc xux `cc:uu \uu.ux:u` u
ccxc:ucu c.yxow, :u: xc uccucxu:uc nczs.z.uc. lcuu, Ju.uccc u yuc swccxc
ncc:us.cuuwc yxcscu:c.u uscxu. lcuxc:uuz u:u sccc:uuuz, xc:ccc c.xuc ow.c
uuu:.cz c ncscxuucuuwx c:wcx c nc.uucu, ow.u uuuucuu uu uczoz. l ncsc
uu a:cc s Ic:uuuu swcxu.u uc.cu..uuz c.cuuz lll{o s ccc:usc lz:uxcsu, lucxu,
l:u:u u lcc:uucxcc, scc ncc.cuux c:nusu.uc. :yu s:cc:c n.uuucsusuuxcz uucc
lyuowucsu u lyy:uxu. lucx swnc.uz. qyuxuu nc.u:uccxcc yxcscu:c.z, uuxc:
:yu l:u: uuu:u.cz ccuuuc: uc:cxux ccsc:cs, u .cu |l lll{o lz:uxcs c:scu.
u coccnccuuc xccuuuuu u cszu. I.usuw: sccuuw: ccsc:uuxc: c:uucxux xucuwx
uc:cu zs.z.cz l. 1. Cxco.cscxuu, sccc xc s c:uuy nuow.c uccxc..xc cc:cu ccsc:cxux
cncuu.uc:cs u ccsc:uuxcs, oc..uuuc:sc u xc:cwx ow.u sccuuw:u u uscuxu:u.
L Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
C.cyc: nc:uu:., :c CCCl ccscuu. scc a:c s yxcc:scuuc: ccyuc:sc, c xc:cw: y
ucc u:c.uc. un.c:u:uccxuc c:ucucuuz, :ccswu ccsc u cc.uucuuc c sccuuc: cc:y
uucc:sc. lc.cc :cc, s 12 cy Ic:uuuz zs.z.uc. nux:uccxu cuuc:scuuw: `cxuc:` s
un.c:u:uccxcu uc.zuu Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu, u scc xc ncc:csxu x axcnc:y csc.uuu u.u
nc.uw: xcc:, xc:z lc.u:ouc u ucnw:wsu.c cncc.cuuwc cc:ucuuz s cc ccycc:su:cc:u.
l ^ccxsc suxw c:x.uwsu.u uuu.c sccc:uuuz, uc, uuxcuc, cxcuu:c..ucc cucuuc ow.c
nuuz:c. lcc cxuu.u ncocuwx c.zuu lucxu, cuuxc s uuuucuuwu ccx uc ncucu.c
uucc. \ocusuuc. s u..ucucc:u cscux n.uucs, a:uccuw lc:uu:cuu u yxcscu:c.u c
:uucxcu xc:nu:uu nczsu.u uswu c:wc. u cc:uucsu.u sccc:uuuc. l uccuc:.u, s Iu:oy
xy.c c nuxuc: co c::cuc swc:yn.cuuz nuow. c.uuxc: ncuc. ucun.uuucsuuuwc
uc:w uuu.u cuc:scsu:. :cuc s ccx, uc nu c:cy:c:suu nccxxu usuc ncucc.u oc..uuc
nc:cu u c:c.u nccxu:.cz nc:us cuxcscu u nc.uuu :c..xc :u uz.
lz ucc.ccsu:c.cu y:scxuc:, :c .z ccsc:cxcu uscxu ncsu. cx:zo.cxcc scc
c:uuuz u:c. uccxuuuuwc u, xux uu c:uuuc, o.ucnuz:uwc ncc.cc:suz. lc ux :ucuuu,
nc.u:uccxuu c:c. oc.uucxcu nc.uuu 11 zxcow cc:u.cz s ucncxc.cou:c: yocxcuuu,
:c scc a:c zsu.cc. c.c: yx ucx.uu:c..uc Ill u lc:uu:cuu, u :c CCCl xux y
xcc:scuuuz cxusu uuxcu uc c:suxu.cz ow uu c:c.. scnuuyu uxuu. lux c.cc:suc,
scc suu:uuuc nc.uuu ow.c nc.ccuc xc::yuuc:u:u. Ic:w uc uuu:u.uc. cc.cucu
uuoc:xcu ccsc:cxux cncc.yxo, nccxc..xy nc.uu.u, :c :c ncc:c ucnc..yu: :cu:c
uu Ic:uuuu s xucc:sc n.uu:u .z uoc:w nc yu: cucuu:, nc:us cc uuxuxux
scuxcuuu uc scuuxu.c. lcc.c a:cc lIO u luscyn nuc:ynu.u x uoc:c yxc oc c
.zxu uu cxcyu ncocy csc.uuu, u cucu:ucsu.uc. uu nucnccco.cuuc x yc.csuz:, xux
:cu cu:u.cc., `sc:cuucu c:uou.uuuu xunu:u.u:u`, xc:z ucxc:cwx uscuxcs scc
xc nccsc.u s oc.cc cncxcuuyu 1sc:uu. l cuc:su:c..ucc:u scc coc:cz.c uccxc..xc uuuc.
lc.uuz lcu:ucxcu ccnyo.uxu c:uu. uc c:uu.u o.ucyxcc:.u u.u uuusucc:.u u yxc
cccu.u 12 cu swzsu.u cc.u u uc scc c:u.u ccow:uu, uc ux ccucsuyu xuusy. Cusuu
:c..uc :u.uz uscc:ucc:. a:cc qux:u co1zcuzc:cz ncc:w: c:c:.cuuc: c:uucxcc yxc
scc:su uc uquuucsu:. ncc scc: :uc: cscu ccscc:.cuucc:. c:uccu:c..uc nc.uuuwx
cuuuu:ccs occnczxcs. lcucc lc.uu nc.yu. z cnc.uu:c..uwx cxuu:c..c:s
yuc:uz ^ccxsw s uczo.cxc: sccc:uuuu, ncxc sccc c: ncsusucu c nu:ucu cucu u
yxcscu:c..uu Ill ly: 4uuc. Icxc:ccc sc:z cnyc:z ow. ucc:csuu u qux:uccxuu
xc:uuu `uc:cxcu lucucu Isuuu` Cxco.cscxuu. lccucu 12 cu s 1cunuc uu
uu: uu:cu.cz cy, s ncscuu xc:ccc OIl\ ucc:csu.c syx nccscuxcs u cucc
un.c:u:u u nccc..c:su Ic:uuuu s ^ccxsc nc cosuucuuu s ncc:csxc ncxyucuuz uu
xuu. C:u.uuu u Jcxcc. :c ncsc.u.c c:ccuu: co:cuz:.cz `n.cuuw:u` u ncc:cncuuc
cscc:u cxw:wu xcuq.ux: x :uuu:y:y. l usyc:y 12 cu c:ucucuuz CCCl u lcu:ucxcu
ccnyo.uxu nux:uccxu uc:u.ucsu.uc., xc:z uuxcu s u..ucuuc: cuu yxc uc ow.u
c:c.. xccuu, xux c uczoz 12 cu.
Icc:c:z uu nccuc.cuuwc uuucu:w, s ncc.xcuuc sccc ncucu sc:cuu :cxy
sy:z :ucsw:u scuuu:u Ic:uuuz zs.z.uc. cuc:su:c..uc uucxucu oucu .z usc:w
suuuz cncuuu ccsc:cxux uscwsu:c..uwx c.yxo s lscnc. lc.uu cxuu.cz u:cuuc :c:
:cc:c:, s xc:cc: ucu:w lIO sncswc ncuux.u s nccc..c:sc lc.uxcou:uuuu, u ucu:w
luscynu = s nccc..c:su ncuuu u Cl1. Iu nc:zxcuuu uccxc..xux .c: ccsc:cxuz sc
cuuuz uscxu nc.yu.u uuqc:uuu c: syx cccu uuu..uuxu c:c.u cyxcny:uwx scucx
cuxcscu cucu.nc.xcsuuxu ly:u qcu 7u::cu:cuuxscu, xc:cwx cux:c xc:
:yuuc:uccxcu uc:w `lc:u quuc` lcuc 7uu yocu. s suxucc:u ux uoc:w .z ncocw
csc.uuu. ^c.cwc xcuuuw :uuuc qc:cuqucsu.u cxy:cu:w, c xc:cw:u uoc:u.
c:u c:c, u :uxxc unucwsu.u cccxuuuc cc ucsccs c nccc:u:c.z:u. l uc.c nccc,
nc a:c:y xuuu.y luscyn csc..uc c:uou..uc nc.yu. cow:wc uscxcu cuxcscu csc
cuuz c sccyxcuuwx cu.ux cscncucxux ccyuc:s. Juxxc uu 3unu ow.u cucu:ucsuuw
cuc:scsusuuc s lc.uuc `Ic:uucccsc:cxuz :ccsuz xc:nuuuz` {`cy:u`, `Ic:uuc
ccsc:cxuz ucq:zuuz xc:nuuuz` {`ccn` u `Iuuu:uuuwu u xcu:uwu ouux .z lcc:cxu`
{`Iuxcoc`. lc:cc:scuuc, c. uc: uc co ux yc:usuwx uuux, u c nuxw:uu uscwsu
:c..uwx cncuuu.
luxucuuyu c.. uu.c u:ccuuc s Ic:uuuu uuuoc.cc aqqcx:usuwx ncnc..uwx
:uc:ccxux nc uc:cs.cuuu cxy:cu:cs .z lc:uu:cuu u cncc.yxo CCCl, uscc:uwx
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u LL
:uxxc xux `nuccunuu:`, u.u `nucccu:u..`. 4c:u..uc a:c: unnuu: cu:u.cz uc.c
u..ucu c:yx:ycu Ill u ow. ccuu s :ccuuc 11 120 ccs, s 121 cy ncsccz
uc:y, cuuxc scxcc ow. sccc:uucs.cu u ccuuucsuu. lcncxu uusuuuu, cc ncyx
ucu zs.z.uc. uc :c..xc nucnc:u, uc u scc ccny:c:syuuc c.cscxy s cowcuucu xuuu
cxy:cu:w, .cu.uyuuc cc coucsuuuc, uoc:y, scuucxyu c.yxoy, ccuu..ucc c:uxcsu
uuc, yn.u:y uu.ccs u uuwc scxu xuucuucc ny:u. lucnc:uuz .uuuz zs.z.uc. xuucuuc
uccoxcu:w: uuc:y:cu:c: .z succuuz uc.cu.cs u coc.yxusu.uc. usc:s.cuucu cc:.u
uc:cuuxcs. Cncuu.uc:w a:cc ncqu.z, u.u, uu c.cuc uscxu, `cuncxuuxu` nu uc
:cs.cuuu cxy:cu:cs ucnc..csu.u uuqc:uuu c cuu.ux, xc:cw:u succu.uc. unucu
s u.uuwc ncucw sc:cuu, c ucncc:uucuuwx s :cu u.u uucu :cc:ucc:u u:cuux, c
cqcx:ux ncu:cu, co cccowx :cocsuuuzx nc.uuu x cuc:uuu uxuu u :ucux yux
uuu.cuuwx c:u.zx. lxccuc s ncuc c 12 nc 1 cw s :uc:ccxux `nuccunnuu:u`
uc:us.usu.uc. nc 400 xc:n.cx:cs uucc cu cxy:cu:cs. l cucu u uux s 12 cy
xuuu.uc. u.uuwc uuq:w, sx.uuz yxc swucuuc u ync:co.cuuz, uc cc u:cuuc
cz s cuc:syuux oy:uux, cocu :ucccu s 1, :cuuw. cxy:cu:w uscz.uc. nc.uuuw:u
u ncc..uw:u ncu:z:u u.uuwx ccyuc:s c: Jyuu u lc.uuu c Ic..uuuu u Cl1.
lcnc:cu:c..uwc :uc:ccxuc lc:uu:cuu u uscwsu:c..uwx c.yxo CCCl ucnc.uu.uc.
s uuuu, lscuu, lscuuuu, Icscuu, Ic..uuuu, lc..uu, Cuucxcu co.uc:u, 1sc:uu,
cxcc.csuxuu u uuuc. Oocc xc.ucc:sc cncuu.uc:cs, scs.ccuuwx uu ncc:czuucu cc
ucsc s cz:c..ucc:. a:cu ncnc..ucu nc.uuquccxcu uuyc:uu, cc:uu.c 10 c.cscx.
l uczoc 12 cu nc.uuz uc:u.u ucnc.uusuyucz uu oc.uucxcu luucu..cc cuy
u :uc:ccxux `nuccunnuu:u`. Onyo.uxcsuuuwu s uc:c `lc.uuc :uco.u::` c:c: c c
y..:u:ux a:cu uxuu .ucu.. `l :uc:ccxcu ow.c couuyxcuc 2000 u:u:ncs, 00 o.uuxcs
nucnc:cs, nc:u unc.ucuuwx nucnc:cs, 0 qc:cuquu .z nucnc:u, 10 u:u:ncs
.z nc:scxcuuz yn.u:w ncu.uuw, 00 cquuu..uwx o.uuxcs, qc:w ucnuccx,
u:u:ncs co yn.u:c uu.ccs, 1 csuc:c..c:s, 00 nc.ucucxux cxy:cu:cs, 0 :ycswx
xuuxcx u 0 o.uuxcs u.uuwx qu:`
.
`luccunnuu:` occnccocuuc uoc:u. c 12 cu, uc ncc.c uuuc:uuuz ycw nu
xcu x s.uc:u uuuc:cs cc ccucsuwc :uc:ccxuc ow.u nccsccuw s uuxcusuyucz nc
ynus.cuuc: 1uu Iuuu Cuucxyu co.uc:.. 1 c nuucc ucswc nco.c:w u ncc:usu.
ncc `cuncxuuxu:u` uuy ccucc uc:cs.cuuz ucu:uquxuucuuwx cxy:cu:cs uu
00 nccxcusuux uu uc.cu..ucc nc.cxcuuc .cucs Ill. l a:c:y sc:cuu `nuccunnuu:`
ucnc.uu. nu:cuc :wczu:u nucnc:cs, s uc.c xc:cwx ow.u 1000 c:uucxux,
usccxux, 00 u:cxux, ucscxcxux, 400 c..uucxux, 100 oc..uucxux, 00 .uxcc:oy
cxux, 400 cuucxux, 200 nc.uuuwx u 00 qu..uuswx uscuucxux, 00 usc:uucxux, 00
cxcc.csuxux, 100 uuucxux u cxc.c 00 c:uucxux nucnc:uwx qc:
. lcc.c sxcxc
uuz Cuucxcu co.uc:u s ccc:us cuxu cycc:scsusuuz cuc:c:u quouxuuu cxy:cu:cs ow.u
uyucuu, u cc cc:u:xu, nccsccuuwc s ^ccxsy u luux, uuxcu oc.cc uc cc:uu.u c:c..
sncu:.zuux :ucu:uocs.
Ccu uu ccsc:cxcu uscxu s Ic:uuuu uoc:u nc a:uuuu uuu:u.u cc:u
:cuc cxc:ucc :cc:c. :c co1zcuzc:cz :c:, :c, xc:z s c:uuc coccucsu.uc. cswuc 00
:wcz a:uuu:cs u lcccuu, cuu coucsu.u :u: uu:ucc :cu.uc ux:usuc cuc:syuux
xcu:csc.uucuuwx cuuuuuu, c:, uunu:c, sc 4uuuu. Jc: uc :cucc, s :uc 121
cu s lusuuu uu :ux uuwsuc:c: lcuxcuu..cxc: c1cc ow. uouu lwcuuu :cuuxu
ccxuu ccsc: {l^C sc .usc c owsuu: cny:u:c: Iccyuc:scuucu y:w I. l. ^uxc
sw:s:cw:. :c ow.u uc:c nc.u:uccxuz cuuuuuz, xc:cuz .uu. ccouu.uc., uc uc
cy:c.u nc:z:. nc ccoz `Oo1cuucuuyu yccxyu u:uu` u :uxu: couc: couscc:uc.
sccyxcuucu cu.cu. Ccsc: ux:usuc ucxu. xcu:ux:w c cuuc:wu.cuuuxu:u s lcccuu, u
ncc.c nccxsu:u c:nus.cuucc u c:cuuu s lc.uu nuc.:u xuzz luuucxcclux:u
:csu uu ucc uu:xuy.cc. OIl\. l cy..:u:c a:cc scuux.c cnucuuucc u.cc uu:cuu:cc
ucu:yucc c.c `Jcc:`. l Ic:uuuu nczsu.uc. :uxxc u cuuuuuz axc:c:uc:cxu uu
c:ccuuwx :c.cwx cquccsa:uuu:cs `lu:c:sc lc.cc lcc:u` {lll, s xc:cyu
cy:c. sucu:.cz ccsc:cxuu uscux I. I. lcuxc {`lcu:`. Ouuxc a:uuu:cxuc
cuuuuuu s Ic:uuuu uu:ccccsu.u OIl\ u luscyn sc s:cyu ccc., nccxc..xy
cuu uc nc..csu.uc. nccxxcu nusu:c..c:su c:uuw ncowsuuuz u nca:c:y uc nc
c:us.z.u ccocu cc.cucu cu.w.
L Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
lcucu:yu ccsc:cxcu uscxu s Ic:uuuu suuu.c uoc:u.u ucx.uu:c..uc c `.c
u..uwx` ncuuu u ow.u co1cuucuucu, ccucsuuucu s cu:c: uuu.c 122 cu ccs:cc:uc
lIO u lcuc:ync:. lc sc.usu. sccuuwu uscux 1. l. C:uucscxuu {Iuuqc..,
lcxcscxuu, sc.cc:suc ncu:c..c:su cucc u ucu:cs nc:u cuy xc ucxcucnuuc
suuuwu u c:csuuuwu s ^ccxsy. l qcsu.c :cc xc cu cc c:cuu. cc:yuux lIO l. l.
lc:ucscxuu, ncowsuuu s lc.uuc su cu. \xc s 12 cy cxuc:w u sccuuwc uc.u
.uc. u ccu.u nuu..c..uwc cc:u, uccquuu..uc cocuuusuuccz `l.uu` u `Ic:u`. lc:
ucscxuu cc:u.cz cucu:c: sucuucu uscxu, u uu ncc:y cucu:u luscynu cc c:cuu.
1. l. 1cuucs {lyc:c:.
\coucc ccuquccxcc nc.cxc
uuc uc:cxcu c:c.uw u yuuxu..uwu
xuux:c suu:cc:ucucuuu Ic:uuuu
c CCCl nusc.u x :c:y, :c cucu
:yw cocux ccsc:cxux uscwsu:c..
uwx c.yxo scxcc nucoc.u scycc
uucuuc u c:u.u cucuu..uw:u, u.u
.usuw:u. lc.uucxuz :cxu sccuucu
uscxu nc yxcscc:sc: I. l. C:cnu
ucsu uuwsu.uc. `3uuuuuw: ncc:u
su:c..c:sc: lcuc:ynu`, u s couxcc
u:cucsu.uc. `lc.uucxu: yxcsczu:
cu:c:` u.u `O:c.c: sccuucu usc
xu s lc.uuc`. Ouu yxcscu.u uoc:cu
nc:u uu scc: cscncucxc: xcu:uucu:c,
u cucu:w luscynu s luuxc, luc, lcuc, lu:c u ucxc:ccc sc:z s luuusc nc
uuz.uc. ^ccxsc uc uunz:yu, u cc csccc oc.uucxcc xc..cy, zs.zsucccz ux ucncc
cc:scuuw: uuu..uuxc:. luo.uu:c..uc :uxcu xc c:u:yc u:c. `O:c. xcu:uscxu s
lc.uuc` OIl\, xux u:cucsu.uc. u:cusuuzcz :u: `.cu..uuz` cucu:yu lIO. l cc
xc:nc:cuuu c:uccu.uc. xcu:uscxu, nc.u:uccxuz uscxu, uuoc:xu a:uuu:cxux
cuuuuuu u xcu:uscwsu:c..uwx cuucs nc:usuuxu. l 124 cy a:u c:cxuz u
c.uuxc: cu:cc:cz:c..uuz c:yx:yu ow.u uyxynucuu u nc:cz.u ucx.uu:c..uwu c:u:yc,
c:us ncc:c ynncu xynuwx cucu:y. l xcuy 120x ccs coc ccsc:cxuc uscwsu
:c..uwc c.yxow ccu.u s Ic:uuuu ncuwc cncu:usuwc ncuuu u uucxyu cc:. ucu
:yw, u :uxxc cousc.uc. couscuw:u `.cu..uw:u` u uc.cu..uw:u :cxu:u. 124 c
nuucc ycu.cuuc uoc:w nc .uuuu nc.u:uccxcu uscxu {nc :c:uuc.cuu :cc sc:cuu
= un.c:u:uccxuz uscxu, c 12 cu nucoc:u.uc. uc:cuuxu nc l:u.uu.
lcu:ucxuz ccnyo.uxu ccxuuz.u swccxuu uuyuwu u :cxuuccxuu nc:cuuu., scc.:u
uu:ccccsusuuu Ccsc:cxuu Ccu. OIl\ c 12 cu swc.u.c uuyuc:cxuuccxyu usc
xy {IJl s cu:cc:cz:c..ucc uunus.cuuc u ccucu:ucsu.c cc s ncsyu ccc. uu uoc:y
nc 4uuuu, lc.uxcou:uuuu, Ic:uuuu u Cl1. l oc.uucxcu cucu:yc cowsuuu
c: uc:cxux nc:wu.cuuwx u axcuc:uccxux ccxc:cs yxcscu. uscc:uwu s oyyc:
1. ^. O.cs. lcxc uoc:y nc .uuuu IJl sc.usu. I. l. Osuxu:zu, sncc.cc:suu nc
c.ususuuucz cncuuz:u nc `u:c:uc:y unucuuxy`. luoc:u ncu.u c:c.. ycncuuc, :c
`Ccu c:uucxux nc:wu.cuuuxcs` swuyxcu ow. ccu:. cncuu..ucc cocc:scuucc
luc nc oc.oc c nc:wu.cuuw: unucuuxc:. lc cc ccuxc, sccz:uc, scc.:u uuuxcu
ucu, x 10 cy cxccuwu yco c: a:cc suu cz:c..ucc:u uucc:uuuwx cncc.yxo
ccc:usu. 00 :wcz :ucx. 1uu.cuucc ncuc.cuuc, uc yxc ccyuc:scuucc, ccu.u u
oc.uucxuz nc.uuz. lc:cuz a:cc scnccu ucou.yc: :uccuc.cuuw:u ncsu.u:u ucu
:cs, u c xc.ucc:sc cc:usuuxcz ucucuuqcsuuuw:u :cxuc .uu. cuwsu:.cz. l 12
cy 20 cc:yuuxcs xu:uccxcc xcucuu `l. I. 4uocu` ow.u ccyxcuw uu u.uuwc
ccxu :uc:ucc ux.ucuuz c: c 12 :cczcs u ncxucuuc nc:wu.cuuwx ccxc:cs
u ncc:uuusuuuc uu uoc:y s CCCl :cxuc.ccs u xsu.uquucsuuuwx uocux. Oo1c: ux
uc.cu..ucu uoc:w ow. c:c.. sc.ux, :c cc nuu.cc. swnc.uz:. cu.u:u syx nuu..c..uwx
ynn, sc.us.zsuuxcz 1..oc:c: lucnq.c u Iccc: 7c.cqqc:. Ic:uucxuz xu:uccxuz
nc:wu.cuucc:. cccocuuc uu:ccccsu.u CCCl, nca:c:y :ucuc c:usuuc cc:czuuc: coc
c:scuucc:u c.yuu unucuuxu xucu.uc. u:cuuc a:cu co.uc:u. 1cu:yuc:y ncuuxucscuuu
ncsc.uc. xu:uccxuc uscw u .uocu:cuu s lu::cqc..c, lcu:su:c u ocqc..c,
. . oy:uoscu A. B. 1oruuos
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u LS
u :uxxc ucxc:cwc yuc ncnuz:uz c:uc.u. l 11 cy coc:uucsxu s xcucuc `l.
I. 4uocu` sucs. nus.cx.u suu:uuuc nc.uuu u xcu:uscxu. ux l:cqqcu u lu.
uuc:oux ow.u ucuuqcsuuw xux yxcscu:c.u :uccuc.cuucu ucu:yucu cc:u u uu
xcuccs u uocux xcucuu, oc..uuuc:sc u xc:cwx ow.u ccyxcuw uu ccc:czsuc:cz s
unc.c cycouc: nccccc. Iu a:c: u ncccc swsu. cu..uwu ccuuuc u ncs.cx uuuuc
ncucu:cxcc cxc:u `O uu:c uuucuu..ucu axcuc:uxu`, yxcc:cusucc uuxuuuuc u
nc:wu.cuuwu unucuux c :cx .c: :uc:ucc ux.ucuuz, u s c.yuzx uoc:w uu uucc
:uuuyu cuuuuuu = c nz:u.
lcscuuu..uc u:u: cc:yuuxcs cucu:y ow. scc.:u ucsc.ux. Iunu:c, s 12
cy .uuwu ccc:us `.cu..ucu` cucu:yw lIO uucu:wsu. sccc c.cscx, cuuxc
cuu u:c.u uc:cuuxcs nc lc.uuy u nc luuxy u coccncu.u cc:usxy s |cu:
44 uuqc:uucuuwx cccocuuu
. lcc:wc
u zcuwc c:ucuccxuc .cyuu swsu.u uc x uy:y, u x uuc:uux:u:, uoc uu:c..cx:yu..uc
c uuu.uu ncc:c uc swcxusu.u. Ic ucxuu unuc nu:zusu. x uuuc:u: cocc.cuuwx
.u:ncucs u :c:usuux c csuuuc owsuux cquccs, uuc:cuux c: uuc:w uocux u
:zuysuuxcz x occxcu:c..ucu s.uc:u usuu:uuc:cs, xy.uuuc:syuyu :c.ccx. u yc:us
uux c: y.uucu ncc:ynucc:u ccxuu. Jc..xc uu:c..ucuuz nux:uccxu cuucyuuc c
nccuuc: c:scu.u ucscc suxcuuc, cuuxc uc uu ucc c.u. c:usxy Iu:.c. lc:yn.cuuc s
IC1l ccz.c:uxu Ic:uuu Icuuu cycc:scuuc nuousu.c cu nu:zu:c..ucc:u u ycu
.u.c xcu:ux:w c cuxcscc:, ncc:cncuuc uuu.uc. nc:wu.cuuuxu u quuuucuc:w, c:cswc
nccc:usu:. cucxuyu nc:c.. Iu a:u ccc:su yxc c 121 cu nu:uz cy:c.u couscc
:uc. yuucu cu.cu s suc `u:y:cswx c:zcs` {C1, xc:z c 12 cu cuu cuc:scsu.u
:c..xc s uxucu uc:u Ic:uuuu. C a:cc xc cu cuxcsc uuu. nccusu:. u:y:csuxu:
cxw:wc c: ^cxccuuuccxcu sccuucu xcu:c..ucu xc:uccuu ccxc:uwc cx.uw cyxuz.
Iccxc..xc ncxc zxcow .z cxuuw :u:uucs c:u.u ccusu:.cz `cxuuuwc c:zw` {CC,
qux:uccxu c.yxusuuc .uucu suucu Iu:.cu u cc nc:uscsccc: cccy ucusucu:w:
xc:uuuu: u:y:csuxcs. .z cocc:scuucc:u ux ccuuuc :c:usucsu.cc. unc:c: C1
s 12 cy u cszuuucu c a:u: uccoxcu:cc:.u coucsu:. c.yxoy .z uu:w nu:uu c:
:ccu nc:usuuxcs.
l 12 cy Iu:.c ccscuu. uscc:uyu nc uusuuuc: `nusucc ny:u` ncsyu ncoy
uxsu:u s.uc:u, .z uuu.u :c..xc s ^uuxcuc. Ou uyu.cz nccxxcu ncny.zucuucc
s uucc cucu.u 1ucucqu u uczoz ncnw:u.cz cscuy:. ousucxcc nusu:c..c:sc,
uc ncccncsuuz nc.uuz ncc.c ccz:u:uuy:ucu nccc:c.xu ucccz.u zw oyu:csuxcs.
Icxc:cwc, sx.uuz Iu:.cu, ucuuc.c .uuu.uc. cscocw, u uuuc:cxuz nu:uz sc:cuuc
yu.u s ncnc..c.
lcsu. ny:u ccc.yxu. uuuc:u: ucn.cxyu c.yxoy. Iuo.uu:c.u ux.uu.u, :c cuu
uuxcu oc..uc uc scuy:cz uu nc.u:uccxyu ccuy, :cu xux .cswc cu.w s .uc xc::y
uuc:cs u ccuu.uc:cs, cncccouwc c:u:. cu..uw: nc:uscsccc: IC1l, :c: sc:cuc:
ncc.xu.u uysuc:yu CCCl u lc:uu:cuc: cx.cxy :cxy ccocu. ^u.c x:c cccuu., :c
oyyuu ccucsucu nc:usuux .uu. nccynnucswsu. cu.w, u x :c:, x:c ncuz. a:c, uc
nuc.yuu.uc..
lc.u:uccxuz coc:uucsxu s c:uuc cx.uwsu.uc. :uxu: couc:, :c nusu:c..c:sc
lcu:ucxcu ccnyo.uxu yc.z.c xcu:uscwsu:c..uw: :ccnuz:uz: uuu:c..uc :cu.
uc suu:uuuz, c: oc.oc c axc:c:uc:cxu:u nc.u:uccxu:u :ccuuz:u. lccz:uc, u:cu
uc a:c zsu.cc. nuuucu c:cy:c:suz s Ic:uuuu s 120c cw cu:u.ucsuuucc cuuu
uxuucxcu xcu:uscxu. C:c.uuuz nc.u:uccxuz nc.uuz ucnc.uu.u .z a:cu c.u
c:c.c: 11, s yux xc ccux uuu.cuuwc c:yx:yw :c.u ow:. uccxc..xc uuw:u.
Iunu:c, s ^uuxcuc nc.u:uccxuz nc.uuz uuu.uc. xux \l c:c.. l cc ccc:usc u:c.uc.
C.yxou 1 {uu:uccyuc:scuuuz cz:c..ucc:., nc.u:uccxuc ncc:yn.cuuz u scnccw, c:uc
czuccz x coccuc c:uuw u C.yxou 2 {xcu:uscxu, ncuuuuuz nc.uuz, uuo.ucuuc
u uucc:uuuw:u sccuuw:u, un.c:u:uccxu: unnuu:c: u xcu:c.. u uuccsz.u.
lccyxcuuwc cu.w lcu:ucxcu ccnyo.uxu suuu.c zs.z.uc. ucx.uu:c..uc cocc
uu:c..uw:u, u ux ccxc:uuz c.yxou :uxxc uccu.u coccuu:c..uwu xuux:c. l cc uu
u uc sxcu.u xuxuc.uoc uuc:ynu:c..uwc cncuuu, nca:c:y cuu cuuuusu.uc. uu:cu
ccoc:scuuwx ccyuc:scuuwx u sccuuwx ccxc:cs c: uscwsu:c..ucc ncuuxucscuuz
nc:usuuxu. l:cuuc nca:c:y coucsuuuuz 1 zusuz 121 cu u ncuucuuuz uunz:yu
:uuuc:y cuxcscu ynnu sccuucu xcu:uscxu uccu.u cxc:ucc uusuuuc uosc {`u
u:u`. Icxc:ccc sc:z cnyc:z cuu ow.u nccoucsuuu s c:c., xc:cw: sn.c:. c 12
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u U
cu c:c.c: yxcscu. :uuc, sncc.cc:suu nc.xcsuux 4uux Ic:nn. l:u: cc cu:
u..ucc unnuu:u s uuuu uu y.uc Junuyqc suuu.c ccc:cz. u 2 = c:uuux, 4 =
:.uuux cquccs u ucxc:ccc uc.u scnc:cu:c..ucc uxuucxcc ncccuu.u. lcucc
cu ysc.uu.cz c nc.y:cu ccz:xcs c.cscx, uc u :cu cc :yuc ow.c ncyuu:., s
xuxcc :cuc:u cu uuc:c:cz nz:uuu:. .c: cnyc:z. lu u:uoux cc:u ucucuuwx lc
cu..cxu: ccscc: sccuuwx cxycs s lcuucocc, l:c::uuc, lc.uuc, ccuc, l:y:
u:c, ^uuc:cc u ^uuxcuc, u :uxxc s lcc.uy ow.u ccuuw ncuqcuuuwc ncuc.cuuz
xcu:uscxu, u:cucsusuuccz `uoscu:c..c` {`c:c.w uu:w`, u.u ccxucuuc 1CJ.
l xuxc: u uux c.yxu.u nc 2 = cqucu u uccxc..xc uxuucxux c.yxuux. lcscc
sc:z uosc uuu:u.cz ucx.uu:c..uc xcu:uscwsu:c..uw:u scnccu:u, u ncucc x cc
cozuuucc:z: ow.u uccquuu..uc c:ucccuu u uscxu, xc:z x nux:uccxc:y ccycc:s.c
uuu a:cu uuu uc:w nuc:ynu.u u.cxc uc cuy. lccu..cxuc cuuucuuz xu:ccucc
xu uncu.u Ic:uuuu uuuwu su cz:c..ucc:u, u u ccc:su uu cc sccuuc c:cy:c:scsu
.u. lcswc ncnw:xu cuuucsu:. uscxy c ncuuu 1CJlc.uuOc:, 1CJlcuucoc u
sucs. coucsuuucc 1CJuuu uquxcucsuuw s 12 cy. c a:cc cncu:usuuz uoc:u
s sc..uc: ccc uuuc ncscu.uc. cu.u:u c:uucxcu nc.uuu nc yxcscc:sc: cc
uuu..uuxu 4cocccu. C.cyc: c::c:u:., :c uuu..uuxc: 1CJuuu c:u. scc.:u uscc:
uwu s oyyc: c:uucxuu xcu:uscux Ocxu luu.c, uucc uuu:usuuu ncc: xc:uccuu
cccxcu nc.uuu.
|cu:u..uwu unnuu: uoscu ncscuuu..uc ccc:cz. u cqcu:cs `Oc:` u `lcc:`, u
s 12 cy ncucu.u cc ncsuz cc.cuuz ccuuuuuz, uc ncs.cxuuz, cuuxc, cycc:
scuucc ysc.ucuuz u:u:cs u uccuucsuuuu uu uscxy u xcu:uscxy. Jcnc. u:cucxuz
ccxc:uuz c.yxou ccc:cz.u u :cx c:c.cs {1o:.
= 1o:l = uscxu,
= 1o:ll = uuqw, cuuqcsuuuc u uucuscxu,
= 1o:lll = xcu:uscxu s scucxux.
lcu:ucxuz ccnyo.uxu cc:c cyu.u cscu yzsu:cc:., s cccocuucc:u c lcc:cxu. 1c
xuucxuu nux: uuu:ucsu. ucnuxccucscuucc:. cc unuuwx uuu, uc ucccusuuz lc..
uu u u:csuuz :cu:cuu..uwc nc:cuuu x Ic:uuuu cxcc.csuxuz ncc:us.z.u scc.:u
cc.cuyu cnucucc:.. l cnc.ucuuc x cquuu..uc ucucuuw: scuucxu: xcu:uucu:u: s
Ic:uuuu cycc:scsu. quuuucucsusuuucz xynuw:u nc:wu.cuuuxu:u :ux uuwsuc:wu
`cuwu cuxcsc`. :c zs.z.cc. sc.uuuuu: ccyuc:scuuw: ccxc:c: u ncsc.z.c nu
su:c..c:sy uccxc..xc ysccuucc ysc:scsu:. ccoz s co.uc:u sucuucu occnucucc:u. 1uu.c
uuuz cu:yuuz uuo.uu.uc. u s cqcc uscxu. ln.c:. c 12 = 12 ccs ccucsuyu
uuqc:uuu u yocxc: ccouu.u ucccyuc:scuuwc uxuucxuc ccxc:uwc c.yxow, cc
:cc:scuuc, uoc:usuuc nc uzsxu: nusu:c..c:su u sccuucc xc:uucsuuuz. 1osc zs.z.cz
.z uux yxcsczcu u xccuuuyucu uuc:uuucu, cuuxc uucu yxuuuuz ncc:ynu.u s
nusu:uwc cncc.yxow uunz:yu u :uuuc:cc:su cuxcscu u.u u cncu:usucc c:c.u
cc cucu..ucc u:uou, u:ucxucsuuucc nc scucxcscc ynus.cuuc c:c.u cyxcny:uwx cu..
lccouuz cxc:u ncsc.z.u s c.yuc ncsu.u nuscnccouc c:uu:. nuuc:ucc:. nusu
:c..c:su x cncuuz: uc:uwx qu:. Ouuuuuu :uxcc cu cz:c..ucc:u uuu:c..uc
co.cu. :uuucuuc swccxuu s Ic:uuuu ccuu..uwu c:u:yc cquccs uscxu. Jc u
uux, x:c uoc:u. c .cu..uwx ncuuu, u cc:u..uwc = ncc.c swxcu s c:c:usxy c ccc:.u
nc:cu.u uu cscux suu:uwx xu:cxux uoocsuu:yy `O`, cuuusuyu `cquc usc
xu`. :c ncsc.z.cc. uc xuxc:y, u :c..xc cuc:syuu: u owsuu: u:u:uw: cc:yuuxu:
uscwsu:c..uwx cuucs, nc.yusuu: swcucc sccuucc coucsuuuc, ncucuu: cncu
u..uyu ncc:csxy u ccscuusuu: xux :uuu:y: cuy cncxc:uuucsxy u yocx, uc
sccc nc nuxw:uc: xc::cccxcu cz:c..ucc:u u.u ny:cucc:suz. Juxuc .uu nc..csu
.uc. scccou: ysuxcuuc:, ncc.c swxcu s c:c:usxy u: ow.c uuu:c..uc ncc c:wcxu:.
uoc:y, u nca:c:y, s c:.uuc, uunu:c, c: Cl1, ncnuc:. s uscxy c:c:u.uc. :ucuc.
l:cuuc u :uxux .ucu u xc:n.cx:csu.uc. xuw ucccyuc:scuuwx uscwsu:c..uwx u
c:uc:u xcu:uscwsu:c..uwx cuucs lcu:ucxcu ccnyo.uxu.
lcyyu c.. s nccccc cocu uscwsu:c..ucu uuqc:uuu uu.u quuuucuc
susuuzcz ncu:ycc:scuuc xcucuc: 7yc C:uuuccu xc:nuuuz `Ic:uucxuz ucxcuucxuz
c.yxou` {\. \nc:zuy:wu nc:wu.cuuux cn.uusu. uc :c..xc uscxy, uc u uuu
:c..uyu uc:. ucxccs nc cccxuuuu `cucc cuxcscu`, u :c cc sccuucc.yxuux s
Ic:uuuu uc:c u:cucsu.u `cc.u:u:u C:uuuccu`. Iccyuc:sc uc:uuc co.cu.c c:y a:c
J Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
oc:z ny:c: nccc:us.cuuz cu:wx swcuwx uxucs, cxw:wx uu.ccswx ..c: u uucc
cu ncxcsu:c..c:scuuwx :c, cuuxc uc :c.c nc.ucc:.u ncxw:. ucxxu, nccxc..xy u
cu:c cuc, xux yxc yxuwsu.cc., uu cc:uwx cnuuucuuwx n.u:cxcu ncc:czuuc ou.uu
cucsu.c uu uuu ouuxc:c:su, u uucu u csu.usu.cc. u a:y cxcsyu c:y. |cu:u..uwu
unnuu: \ ccc:cz. u nz:u ccucsuwx ncuc.cuuu.
= l c:c. {coc xcuqucuuu..ucu uuqc:uuu,
= ll c:c. {`Ic:uucxuz axcuc:uccxuz c.yxou, I:ox`, ccuuu uccxc..xc ncucc,
= lll c:c. {ncnuuuu c:uucxux qu..:cs,
= l\ c:c. {`xcu:uucu:u..ucu xcccncucuuu`, sccuuc ncnuuuw s uyocxucu
ncccc u uucnuucsuuuc uyxuwx nyo.uxuuu,
= \ c:c. {Cncuu..uuz c.yxou `Iyuuz`, uucc ucc.c u:cucsusuuzcz `uc:uw:
uuqc:uucuuw: ouc nc lcc:cxy u 3unuy`.
Ocucsuw: cuuc: uc.cu..ucu uscxu s \ ow.u `Iyuuz`, cquuu..uw:u u
uu:u xc:ccu zs.z.uc. suu:uuz nccxxu yuc:uuxcs xc:nuuuu ny:c: cocu uuqc:u
uu co axcuc:uccxcu xuuu u ncccuucc:sc s axcuc:uccxux xcu:ux:ux c uuuucu.
4ux:uccxu xc Cncuu..uuz c.yxou, s xc:ccu uoc:u.c :ucxcc:sc owsuux cquccs
uscxu l:ccc cuxu, s ncsyu ccc. ncuuuuu.uc. .z sccuuz cncu:usucu uoc:w
nc:us lc..uu u cxcc.csuxuu. lc:c :cc, cc cc:yuuxu ccscuu.u nccxu nc lscnc
u u cc ncc.w, s xcc xc:cwx sccc:uuus.usu.u y:ucuuwc xcu:ux:w cc csccu ncxucu
ucu:ycu. lucuucu uscxcu s uu:cccux nusu:c..c:su u cuxcscu uuu:u.uc. u yuc
ucccyuc:scuuwc xc:nuuuu, uc .uu. `Iyuuz`, ccucsuuuuz nc uuuuu:usc xc:uuyuc
c cuxcscc: cucu.u qcu Ccx:u u c cc.ucuz xuu.cu lu:u u ncucu:u oc:u, sc.u
cc uu ncc:czuucu ccucsc. Ouuuuuu sc.us.z.u cuy su owsuux cqucu uscxu
cucu..ucc u:uou. :uuc Ic:uu 1uc u xunu:uu lu. luy. Cncuu..uuz c.yxou u:c
.u uccxc..xc cu:u..uwx cquccs s lc.uuc {luycuu:uccc, , u 4uuxu:uccc,
20,20, cucuu..uwu cquc s lu.c:cuoyc {luu:u:uccc, 124 u lcxu:uccc, 4, u
:uxxc 11 ncuqcuuuwx c:c.cuuu, c:scusuux u ccc:sc:c:syuuc uunus.cuuz.
= 1c {lc.uuOc: = CCCl, lc..uu u yuc ccyuc:su lcc:cucu lscnw,
= 2c {lcc.uy = lc..uu, cxcc.csuxuz, ly:wuuz, Iclcc:cuuz lscnu,
= c {l:c::uu = Cxuuuuusuz,
= 4c {ccu = cxcc.csuxuz, 1sc:uz, lu.xuuw,
= c {^uuxcu = lscuuuz, l:u.uz, c:uc:u cxcc.csuxuz,
= c {1uuuy u lccucc = lscuuuz, l:u.uz,
= c {luccc.. = 4uuuz, l:u.uz, lc..uz, cxxynucsuuuuz cuu Ic:uuuu,
= c {Iu:oy = lc.uxcou:uuuz u uccscncucxuc ccyuc:su. luoc:u.c nux:ucc
xu us:cuc:uc .uu. nc cou: uucc: cu:u,
= c {lcuucoc = lc..uu, luou.:uxu, CCCl,
= 10c {4uuxqy:uuOcc = lc..uu, cxcc.csuxuz,
= 11c {l:y:u: = 4uuuz, lc.uxcou:uuuz, Iuc.uuw.
O:c.cuuz c 1c nc c ow.u cuuucsuuw s ncuc 121 = 122 ccs, cc:u..uwc
= uccxc..xc ncxc, s 124 = 12 cux.
Iu ncswu s.z, cnuccx c:c.cuuu csuc:c..c:syc: c :cu `Iyuuu`, cuuxc :uxcc
ux.ucuuc ow.c ow cnc:c:usw:. C.uocc quuuucucsuuuc cc c:ccuw ccyuc:su c:u
su.c cc, xux u scu \, s nc.uyu usucu:cc:. c: cocu sc.u ncnuuu:u:c.cu, u.cxc
uc sccu cncccouwx ncsc.u:. ccoc ccxcu. cccxu:. uscwsu:c..uyu c.yxoy. lc:c
ncux qux:ccs, uu ucc:u:usuc:wu ncuc nuxcu:cz u.cnuyuuz uuq.zuz uc
:cxcu :uxu, nca:c:y uyocxuwc cncuuu :cocsu.u c..ucscc quuuucucsuuuz, :c
ccusu.c cnc.uu:c..uwc :yucc:u. luxc: `Iyuuu` ow. csc..uc cuuucu. Iunu
:c, s 124 cy c:c.cuuc s lcc.uy nc.yu.c uu cncu:usuwc c.u 4 :wczu c..ucs, u
xc:cwx :wcz ncuuuuu.uc. .z ucnc..csuuuz uu nc..cxc: uunus.cuuu, 12 :wcz
= uu cxcc.csuxc:, u cc:u..uwc :wcz nuxcu.uc. uu scc cc:u..uwc ccyuc:su
.
Iu ncsc: a:unc, ncc.xusuc:cz nc 12 c, u ccyuc:scuuwc, u ucccyuc:scu
uwc uscwsu:c..uwc c.yxow nw:u.uc. sccoucsu:. cncuuu nc cocy uuqc:uuu u
yocxc: u sucuucu xcu:uscxc, cuuxc uu scc.:u cuuucuuwx ccc:s ux cy..:u
:w cxuu.uc. cxc:uw:u. lc:c :cc, uxc suy:u sccuucc scc:c:su cycc:scsu.u xcu
xycuuz u nusc uuu:u:.cz uscxcu. C uoscc: ccncuuu. ccuuuwu 2 zusuz 11
cu uuqc:uucuucuuu.u:uccxuu c:c. `lucc:uuuwc u:uu` {47 cc u:u:c: u 1
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u 2
cquccs. Ou :uxxc ncuuz.cz scucxcsc:y ynus.cuuu c:c.u cyxcny:uwx cu. :uuuc:cc
:su cuxcscu, u cc yxcscu:c.. :uuc qcu luyx, scxcc nccusuuu c.xucc:. :uucy
qcu lc::uxcy, nc:cucsu. uu :cucnc.uu s sccuuu sucuucu uscxu. Juxcc ccncuu
cc:sc ow.c xuux:cuw: zs.cuuc: .z c:uucxux cncc.yxo s ncuc l:ccu :ucscu
scuuw, uc, xux suu:, cc uc:cxu ux.uwsu.uc. uuu:c..uc uu.uc.
Jc: sc:cuc: \ ncnw:u.uc. uccxc..xc c:zu:. quuuuccswc :yucc:u u cuuu
csu.u s cscc: ccc:usc xc::cccxyu xc:nuuuu nc uusuuuc: `Ic:uucxuz axcuc:uccxuz
c.yxou, I:ox` cc c:u:ycc: c:c.u qu:w. lc uucu zs.z.cc. sccuuc axcuc:uccxcu u
scxu s uu:cccux xux ccyuc:su, :ux u ncnuuu:u:c.cu u quuuuccswx xycs, xc:cwc
u ccc:sc:c:syuyu n.u:y :c.u uxuwsu:. uyxuwc u: uunus.cuuz ucc.ccsuuuu. lc:c
:cc, a:u: xc uuu:u.cz ucnc.cxcuuwu s lcuucocc `xcuc:uccxuu uuc:u:y: lcccuu
u scc:cuwx ccyuc:s`, :c..xc s lc..uc yxcscusuuu nu:cuc 00 ucu:u:u. `Iyu
uz` ncscu.u ux:usuwc cncuuu nc:us a:cu c:uuw, u scxcc cycc:scsuuuc ucscc
uscwsu:c..ucc cuuu nccc:u.c ow:. ccxc:c: .z luuusw. lc.zxu uxc c::c:u.u,
:c c:uucxuz ccxc:uuz c.yxou c:u.u uoc:u:. ncucsc:y, nu:cuzz ou:uucxyu cxc:y
cuuuuuu uscxu, :c cc:. u:cuz uu :cu:cuu nc:usuuxu ncc:czuuwc cucu
:yw nc nuxw:uc: xc::cccxux qu:. Ic:w uu.u co a:c: u uu nc:zxcuuu zu
ncc.cyuux .c: uccxc..xc u ncoucwsu.u nc:usuuxy qu..uuswc cxy:cu:w c cc
nycxc cuuuuuu. lc cc:u .yocxc ncuux.u s lc..uy u cxcc.csuxuu, cuuxc uu 3unuc
ucnc..csu.uc. xuuuc cc:ccxuc u cnuccuuz cncscucsu:. ucswc cuuxuu cxusnc
ocu:c..uu. 3uc.yxusuc: suu:uuuz qux: ncc:csxu uc:u:u uc :c..xc uscwsu:c..uwx
:ccnuz:uu, uc u usccucuuwx cuc:suu u cuoc:uxu. Icxc:cwc c:c.cuuz `Iyuuu`
uuu:u.uc. nc:u ucx.uu:c..uc ncocc: suxuwx u yzsu:wx co1cx:cs .z usccuu u
uycuuc: cncccocs ux yuu:cxcuuz s ncuc scuuw. lcc.cuuu qux: cxwsu.cz cccocuuc
:u:c..uc.
`Iyuuz` uoc:u.u c uc.cu..uwx ncuuu uc :c..xc u yocxc:, uc u s ccoc:scuucu
c:uuc, uuqc:uucu c ucu uc ucnc.uu.u uxc cncncuc.cuuz uxuucxcu nc.uuu.
l :uc 120 cu .z coccnccuuz suy:cuucu u sucuucu occnucucc:u ccyuc:su ow.c cc
uuc luc xc:uccuu nc uucy u cocc:scuuw: nczxc: sc .usc c owsuu: c:uuu:
ncxycc:, u u:c: uuu..uuxc: xuuu:cuu s lucuc nc.xcsuuxc: lyucc:. luqc
:uuz x uc:y ncc:ynu.u c: c:c..uwx xc:uccuuu:cs nc cxuuc cocc:scuucc nczxu,
u :uxxc c: ccc:sc:c:syuux ncuc.cuuu cu:u..ucu u ncuuuucu nc.uuu. :cow
uc usucc:. c: uux, luc cuuucsu.c sc sccx c:uucxux c:.zx ccoc:scuuwc uuqc:u
ucuuwc ncc:w, uuc.cuuwc nusc: sccuuz cncu:usucu uoc:w. lux sccu, s lyccuu
scuux.u ccoc:scuuuz uuu.cuuuz c:yx:yu {lll c:c.cuuc nc.u:uccxcu nc.uuu nc y
xcscc:sc: xc:uccuu O::c cucu, ncc.c cc cou scc:c:su ncz.u s csucc:u, coc
uuwx :cuuzx u ncc:czuuc: ccncuucc:sc. l xcuy 120 cu ucu:w luc s lc.uuc u
lu.c:cuoyc cou:u.u suu:uuuc uu uucuwc cqucw, zsuc ncc:us.zsuuc ccocu u:uo
xsu:uw xuxux:c uccxccuuwx c:yx:y. lcc ncnw:xu ncuuxuy:. s uux uc yscuu.uc.
ycncxc: uu c:ccc ncnycxucc cxu:u, u swxcusuuc u uux .uu ncqcccucuu..uc
swzs.z.u uuyxucc uuo.ucuuc u uous.z.uc. c: ucc. luuu.c nc.ucucxuc cuu.u, :c
couuyxu.u xynuwc cucu:yw uucc:uuucu uscxu, u c.cxu.u co a:c: nc uuc:uu
uu. Ic uxc xc:uccu nc uucy u cocc:scuuw: nczxc: cxuu.cz occcu.cu nc.yu:.
xuxccuuoy. co1zcucuuc nc ncscy ucncuz:uwx co1cx:cs. lcc cc cquuu..uwc unccw
nccucccswsu.uc. s sccuucc scc:c:sc, c u ncnuu.u, u s xcuc xcucs :uuuc: suy:
cuuux c. nuxuu. lyucy you:. uuo.ucuuc u uuxcu oc.cc uc uu:ccccsu:.cz a:u:
scnccc:. lc.ucucxuc uu:c.xuy.uc. uu c:yx:yw Cncuu..ucu c.yxow `Iyuuz`, s c:
.uuc c: cc:u..uwx ncuc.cuuu \, c:cc uxcucnuucsuuuwc. lcuxuz nusu:c..
c:scuuwx cuucs ow.u cc:cc:scuucu, nccxc..xy c 12 = 12 ccs Ic:uuuz nc.yu.u
oc..uyu uc:. uscwsu:c..ucu uuqc:uuu c uyocxuwx ccyuc:sux u:cuuc nc a:cu
.uuuu. l .uu. c yxcn.cuuc: uoscu, ncc.c yxcu c ncc:u cc yxcscu:c.z nc.xcsuuxu
Ic:nnu, sccuuwc uunc.csuuy cquuu..uc nuuz.u uu ccoz unccuuwc qyuxuu. Cncu
u..uuz c.yxou `Iyuuz` ow.u cxcuu:c..uc ucnycuu .uu. uu yocxc 12 u 10 ccs,
ncc.c cc cc cqucw u ucu:w nccu.u s uosc, u uuu:usuuccz suy:cuuu:u scnccu:u
= s :uuuc:cc:sc suy:cuuux c..
lcu:uscwsu:c..uyu uoc:y s lcu:ucxcu ccnyo.uxc :uxxc sc.u c:uu. uc :c..
xc ccyuc:scuuwc cuuw. l c:uuc c:xw.cc. cc:ucc xc.ucc:sc uc:uwx c:cx:usuwx
3 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
ouc, uc:. u xc:cwx swnc.uz.u ucx.uu:c..uc nusu:c..c:scuuwc uxuw. lc.cc :cc,
ux sc:cxucc:u ucnc..csu.uc. u sc sucuucu uscxc. lc .usc :uxux c:yx:y, xux nu
su.c, c:cz.u owsuuc cqucw uscxu u xcu:uscxu, u :uxxc cnw:uwc nc.ucucxuc,
uc:c cc:yuuusuuc c uoscc: u Cncuu..ucu c.yxocu `Iyuuz` uu cy.zucu ccucsc.
lynucuucu u uux zs.z.uc. ccuuuuz s ^uuxcuc s 12 cy `Ic:uucxuz u:nccxuz
c:cx:usuuz cuuuuuz`, ncc:cncuuc c:xwsuuz 4 c:c.cuuu s 1 c:uuux lscnw. Ouu
ucnc.uu.uc. s 1..cuu:uuuc, 1:c:cu:c, 1u:scncuc, luc.c, lc.uuc, lcc.uy, luc,
lc:occ, luccc.c, lyuncu:c, lycucsuux, luuusc, lcuc, lcucuu, Iu:oyc, Iuuuc
scc, Icuyc, Iuc, Icuuucuc, uuuc, uxcuc, ccuc, 3ucoc, lc..uc, lcuucocc,
lu.c, lcncuucuc, lcuuc, luxcsc, 1ucuc, ^c:c, ^u.uuc, ^uuxcuc, Iuuocc, luu
xc, lccuc, lcc:cxc, lucusu..c, Cccc, Jucc:c, 4uuxqy:cuu^uuuc, 4uuxqy:cuu
Occ, 7c:uuc, |uuxc, l:c::uuc u l:y:u:c. 1uu.cuuwu xuux:c u:c. `lu:c..
ucc.ccsu:c..cxux ouc luc.z`, nc uuuuu nusu:c..c:su c:c.cxususuuu xc::yuuc
:uccxyu cz:c..ucc:. s Ic:uuuu u u cc ncc.u:u. Ou u:c. 00 c:c.cuuu, uc:. u
xc:cwx ucnc..csu.uc. s uu:cccux sucuucu uscxu. Iunu:c, c:c.cuuc `lu:c.z`
s uuuc ccouu.c axcuc:uccxyu uuqc:uuu nc CCCl, lc..uc, 4uu.zuuu, sc..uc
:y ccy uuuy u luou.:uucxu: ccyuc:su:. uc:ucc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc `luu
lcuxc` s lcuucocc cncuu.uucsu.cc. uu cocc uuqc:uuu c cncc.yxoux lc..uu
u yux ccyuc:s, :c cc:. sc.c x.uccuccxyu uuc:ynu:c..uyu xcu:uscxy. lyxcscu
:c.. nc.u:uccxcu nc.uuu l:ccc cuxu s ncuc lcscu :ucscu scuuw qcu Jccxcs
ccu. s lc.uuc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc nc ccoc:scuuw: u:cuc:. 4u:u `4cu Jccxcs`
uuu:u.uc. ucx.uu:c..uc uuyxuw: uuo.ucuuc: u ncccuu.c: uucc:uuuwx un.c:u
:uccxux ncc:usu:c..c:s s lc.uuc u lc..uc, u :uxxc c.cu.u u ccnuu:uc:u:u s c.uuc
lcuuu. lcyu: axcnc:c: s a:c: ouc zs.z.cz owsuuu yxcscu:c.. c:uucxcu sccuucu
uscxu lu..:c Iuxc.uu, cucsc:cuuc uoc:usuuu ccsc:uuxc: s uoscc. Ic cnucuuucc
nc.cxcuuc ow.c sc:cuuw: u uc :c.c ncc.xu:.cz scuc. lcc: ouxc:uwx uccuucsuuuu
uu coccnccuuc occnucucc:u c 22 :wcz :ucx s 122 cy c 00 :wcz :ucx s 12 cy
ncc:cncuuc c.u. u.uuuu:u ucccyuc:scuuwc nc.ucucxuc cuuw u yxcn.z. cquu
u..uwc c:yx:yw
40
.
1uu.cuuuz :cucuuz uuo.uu.uc. u s sccuucu uscxc. 1osc ncc:cncuuc u
susu.cz u yxcn.z.cz. C 12 nc 12 c u: yxcscu. :uuc, sncc.cc:suu nc.xcsuux
Iuu:c lsuu:cc, c 12 nc 12 c = ncnc.xcsuux 4cuuuu qcu lccs, ncucc c
c.yxusuuucz c cucu.:uucu. 1 :u:u 12 cu uosc s:cc:c c nc.u:uccxu: u uuu
ccxu: c:c.u:u u c:c.c: xucs ow. nccncuucu \nus.cuuu :uuuc:cc:su cuxcscu,
xc:cw: yxcscu. cucu. qcu l.cuxc. O:c. uscxu u:uou l^C nc:cc:csu. nc:us
ucncc:uucuuz cz:c..ucc:u uoscu uu scc sccyxcuuwc cu.w, u x 12 cy a:c uuc.u
cuc cu..uc cocc:u.cc.. Ic cnyc:z :ccxyu uscxy s.u.u s ccc:us sccuucu, cc:usus s uc
nczxcuuu l^C c:c. cncu:usucu uscxu, uc xc:uuyuuu q.c:c: u:uu. lcc uc
ycncxuusu.cz u y:scxu., :c cncuquccxuc uu:cccw :czxcs s sccuuu uscwsu:c..
ucu u cccocuuc xcu:uscwsu:c..ucu uoc:w ccscucuuc uc yu:wsuu:cz. Jcu s 12
cy sccuuwu :uuuc: nuuz. :ycc cucuuc u ycncxcu. c:uc:u, uuuuus uu c.xucc:.
uuu..uuxu ccxc:ucu c.yxow :ccxcc cqucu, xunu:uuu 1c uuu lcuuu lu:uu. c
ux:usucc usc:wsuuuz cncuuu uc:cxcu uscxc cc:usu.cc. sccc uccxc..xc .c:.
Oncu:usuuz uscxu u uuqc:uucuuuz uoc:u ncscu.uc. suu:u sccyxcuuwx
cu. cu:cc:cz:c..uc. Ic:uuuz uc u:c.u nusu cccxu:. sccuuyu usuuuu, cuuxc yxc 1
:u:u 120 cu nc xccsw: uusuuuc: `Iynnu J` scuux.c uscwsu:c..ucc c:c.cuuc
`lucc:uuuwc sccuucscyuuwc cu.w` c ccxuz:u `lcc:cx` u `3unu`. C 1 unc.z 12
cu cuc nucoc.c c:u:yc c:c.u u yc.csuwu uc:c \l, yxcscu. u: oucu 7u..:c qcu
lu.cs. ^ccxuz uscxu ucnw:wsu.u s lcu:ucxcu ccnyo.uxc c.cxuwc sc:cuu. lucny
cuuuz s ccc:sc:c:suu c yc.csuz:u lccu..cxcc :uu, cuu uuu.u sccc:uuus.usu:.cz yxc s
11 cy, cuuxc s :ccuuc ucxc:ccc sc:cuu scc. cc u:u: ccc:cz. u cucc uuu..uu
xu, xunu:uu.cu:cuuu:u luyuc. lcscuuu..uc uu c.yxoy s a:c ncuc.cuuc uuc.z.uc.
ucx.uu:c..uc uxuucxuc .uu, nccxc..xy ucucuuuz .z Ic:uuuu uc.cuucc:. sccu
uc:ccxux cu. ow.u c:c.. ucuuu:c..ucu, :c csu ncsc.z.u yxc:n.cx:csu:. axunuxu:u
cc:usuuccz xcuo.u q.c:u. l xcuc 11 cu ncc.c yxcu luyuc uu ycu yuc:cx c.yxow
uscxy sc.usu. :uxxc uxuucxuu uucsuux, u:csuuu s ncuucuuu sccc syx c
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u A
.cscx. 1uu. s cx:zoc 12 cu cc yxcscu:c.c: sucs. c:u. cquc, cuuxc :uxuz :cu
ncuuuuu.uc. .uu. .z axcuc:uu uu uuoc:ucu n.u:c. l 11 cy q.c: uc.ucuc uuu.
scsuu:. uu c.yxoy cscux xun:cuqcs, cuuxc ccucsuuz uc:. ux uoc:w ux.uu.uc. s
uuoc:xc ccoc:scuuwx uuqcs u xccs. Ccuuuwu s cx:zoc 14 cu O:c. :ccxcu
uscxu {2u c:c. .usucc u:uou xuc:uuuc nc.c:u. uucc cu:cc:cz:c..uwc c:c.w
uscwsu:c..uwx ccucx u uucuscxu, u :uxxc ncuc.cuuc 4^. luscxy c:uuc
xcc q.c:u uccquuu..uc u:cucsu.u 1lll, nccxc..xy cc suy:cuuzz c:yx:yu ccc:cz.u u
:cx xc:ncucu:cs.
= 1u = c:c.cuuc uscwsu:c..ucu cszu,
= 1o = c:c.cuuc uucuscxu,
= ynnu 4^ = `lucc:uuuwc sccuuc:ccxuc cu.w`.
c 1 cu uc.cuucc:. :ccxcu uscxu Ic:uuuu uc ncswuu.u 20 c.cscx, u cc
cu:u..uwu unnuu: u lc.uuu ncc:cc:u.cz s lu... 2u c:c. .usucc :ccxcc u:uou
xuc:uuuc nc cxuo. 1 cu sc.us.z. xunu:uu 1c uuu Jccc 1nc.
luxucc:. uscwsu:c..ucu uoc:w ncxucuc ncuu:u.u u s :uuuc:cc:sc uucc:uu
uwx c.. lccxc..xy scc:u ucu:yuccncu:usuyu uoc:y un.c:u:u: uc nccou.c, s ^l
s 11 cy cuu.u sccu:. xun:cuuu.u:uccxyu c.yxoy, :cxc unccuuyu yc.csuz:u
lccu..cxcc :uu. lc ncsw: yxcscu:c.c: c:u. owsuuu u:cucxuu cuuqcsu..ux
ly: 3c..xcs, sc.ususuuu :ux uuwsuc:wu `lcqcu: l |`. :u c:yx:yu sx.uu.u s ccoz
u xun:cuqcs, u xun:cuuu.u:uxcs, u ycncuuc xccuuucsu.u cscu uoc:y c xc..cu:u
u yux :uuuc:cc:s. Jcu xc u sccuuwc s :uuuc c: ^cxccuuuccxcu sccuucu xcu:c..
ucu xc:uccuu uuz.uc. sccxcuuc: xun:cuuu.u:uccxcu uoc:w, c:xws ccc:sc:c:syu
cc ncuc.cuuc nc nuxw:uc: `cocsc..ccxcc ouc ccucx`. lcc nccuc.cuuwc
c:yx:yw ow.u csc..uc c.uow u s:cc:c xccuuuuu ycu.uu ncncu:u.u xcuxyucsu:.
:cxy ccocu. Jc: uc :cucc, ux cqcw cz:c..ucc:u scc xc uccxc..xc uuu.uc.. lccuuwc
oc..uc suu:uuuz yc.z.u nccxsu:y u cc uuu.uy, u un.c:u:w ccccc:cu.uc. uu cuuq
csu..ucu uoc:c.
l a:cu co.uc:u s 11 cy ncucuc. scc.:u ncc:wuwu .z c:uucxcu xcu:u
scxu c.yuu, sc:cxuwu .uu. s coc:uucsxc nc.ucc usu.u cuc:c:w ynus.cuuz sccuuw:
scc:c:sc:. l :u:c s u:uo ucnc.uusucucz s lcc.uy c.yxow uucnccxsu:u u cuuq
csuuuz Ixucu cocsc..ccxcu u:uu zsu.cz c.cscx s :yuuc xunu:uuu, ncc:usus
uuucz cx:cc: luuuxcc:. Ou uzsu., :c ncc.uu u lc.uuu .z ncxcxcuuz c.yxow s
uucuscxc, u ow. oc ncscxu uuc.cu s cc u:u:. `cx:c luuuxc` ux:usuc yuc:sc
su. s uoc:c cucu:ucsuuucc nc:us lc..uu ncuc.cuuz, uc:c :c.cqcuucsu. s c:c
.uy u uu swxcuwc cozu:c..uc ycxu. u lcc.uy. lc cz:c..ucc:. uc swwsu.u uuxuxux
ncccuuu c usyc:u, xcu u xuouuc:u uuu..uuxu c.yxow cszu Ixucu u:uu ucc.u
ccscucuuc ccxc:uuz xu:u c yxuuuuc: sccx .uuuu xc::yuuxuuu. l:cc:c c ucu ncnu.
u `luuuxc`, cxuusuuucz nc..cxu: ucu:c:uc.cu.c:. :u cxuz cncuuz ncsc.u.u
nc.zxu: uuxcnu:. :uccy cuc:c:u:uccxcu uuqc:uuu c :c:cux uoc:w c:uucxcu u
ucuscxu u cuuqcsu..ucu c.yxow, ncuz:. ccoc:scuuwc c.uocc:u u, s xcucuc: cc:c,
u.cxu:. qyuu:cu: uuucuu..ucu xun:cuquu.
lc :cc xc:n.cx:csuuuz cuxcscu uc:w ucnycxu.u cscu cocsc..ccxuc qc:u
csuuuz, u s 120 cy `cocsc..ccxcc ouc ccucx` ow.c nccoucsuuc s luqcsu..
ucc ouc .usucc xc:uucsuuuz, uccxc..xc .c: ncowsusucc s ccc:usc uoscu, u nc:c: nc
cuuucc s ccc:us scucx cszu. 1 cxuoz 121 cu .usucc xc:uucsuuuc cuxcscu uu.c
uxy.z, .ucusuuu. `l c.zx ccscucuc:scsuuuz u u..ucuucc usu:uz xun:cuquu
u ucnc..csuuuz cy..:u:cs c.yxow nccxsu:u c.cyc: coyu:. cquccs, nucuwx .z
a:cc uunus.cuuz ccxc:ucu c.yxow. Juxuc cqucw c.xuw co.uu:. xccuu: uuuuc:
uuc:cxuuxu u :u:c:u:uxu, u :uxxc ccuquu, u ucxc:cw: uuuuc: uucc:uuuwx zw
xcs {uu.uucxcc, quuycxcc .uoc scc:cuwx zwxcs`
41
.
C 120 nc 12 cw u:cucxuc uucuscuxu ncu:ycc:scuuc uuu:u.uc. ncc
xsu:c: u cocc: uuqc:uuu u c:xw:wx uc:cuuxcs, u cuuqcsu..uyu uoc:y s ccucs
uc: ncscu.u nc nccxsucuuw: uucu::u: cocux c:ccu s ccsc:cxcnc..cxcu scuuc.
:u uoc:u cxuu.uc. scc.:u ycncuucu u ncxucuc ncc.yxu.u c.u ccscucuc:scsuuuz
ucxycc:su xun:cuuu.u:uxcs, ucc:c:z uu :c, :c uyuc:wc uuqw uc ow.u cccoc uc
cuuw:u. C 12 cu nccxsu:w uucco:cuu uucc:uuuwx u:uu c:u.u nucoc:u:. scc
oc.cc uucxuu xuux:c, cccocuuc s xcc ncscusuuxcz u:u :uucscs u ycuuu. l 12
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
cy c:uucuuuwc ncc:w uucnccxsu:u cycc:scsu.u yxc s lcuucocc, 4uuxqy:cuu
Occ, lcc.uy, ^uuxcuc, l:y:u:c u ^uuc:cc, u cc cc su cu uc:w cc:c.c.u
uuc:c..xc, :c nc suc: nc:cswx u uucscu:c..uwx c:uuuu cuuucsu.u ux so.uu
quuycxcu uuuw, s c:u.u:uucsuuucu lcuucxcu co.uc:u. lcc cscncucxuc ccyuc
:su s usucu:cc:u c: cuuuuucuucu u :cxuuccxcu c.cxucc:u sccuuz nc:us uux u
ucuscxu uc.z.uc. uu :u xu:ccuu. l ncsyu u uux sxcu.u 4uuuz, 1sc:uz,
lc..uz u Ic..uuuz, nuuu:usuuc xuuuc nu:u:usuwc :cw uuc:ucxucsxu u ucnc..
csusuuc uuqw c.uocu c:cuxcc:u. l:cuz xu:ccuz sx.uu.u lc.uxcou:uuuu, cxcc.c
suxuu u Icc.usuu, xc:cwc couu.u oc..ucc suu:uuuc uu occnucucc:. cscux .uuuu
cszu. l :c:.cu xu:ccuu c:uccu.uc. ucx.uu:c..uc c.cxuwc .z sccuuz uucuscxu
lc..uu u Ccsc:cxuu Ccu. lcc:cncuuc ycscu. uoc:w xun:cuuu.u:uxcs scuc:u., u ysc
.uusuuucz co1c: nccxsucuucu uxw:cu nccnucxu uuu. ysccuuc cuuqcswsu:.cz.
l uc:ucc:u, x xcuy 120x ccs Ic:uuuz ucnc.uu.u cow:cu nc a:c:y xuuu.y nux
:uccxu uccnwsuucu uuqc:uucu nc sccuucscyuuw: cu.u: lc..uu, sx.uuz c
uuuuuu, c:yx:yy u :ux:uccxuc yc:uucsxu, uc:cu xuxcc cu:c.c:u u ux suu:c.cu,
qu:u.uu u xuux:cuc:uxu nu.c:cs u sccx ccucsuwx cquccs, nuu:c:w cocycsuuuz
cszu. Ic cuuxw scc a:c uxcuu.cc.. luscuxu ll c:c.u nc..cxcc cuu:uou uscoc
su.u cxc:ucc nc:cscc c.yxucc, s cozuuucc:u xc:ccc sxcu.u cc:ucsxu nucc: u
ouucc.cu, uunus.zc:wx s lc.uu u lcc.uy u 4uuxqy:uuuOcc, :c ncsc.z.c c:y
scxwsu:. uu:cccyuuc ux nuxc:w. lux uu c:uuuc, :u:cuu.w uucuscxu uunus.z
.uc. s c:c.uy uc cncuu..uw:u xy.cu:u, u nc cowuw: xuuu.u:, u a:c u.c sc:cxucc:.
nc.zxu: uuxcu:.cz s xycc cc:uxcuuu uc:cs s nccxsu:c. Ouu c:cuu.u cscu uuqw u
scu cuuuuuu cszu, u nc..cxuu ucu: ow. ccscucuuc c.yuuuc uco.ucu u s xcc
ncc.ccsuuuz y:cuy. s cuc: u oc.uucxux xuuu.cs.
Ic:uuuz ncc:cncuuc yxcn.z.u cscu ncuuu, s unc.c 12 cu c:uuy nuuz.u
s 1uy Iuuu, u cuu yxc uc nccu.u, u :cocsu.u cuuxcuuz cnuuucuuwx n.u:cxcu u
cccucu asuxyuuu uucc:uuuwx scucx u lcuucxcu co.uc:u. l cocc:sc uuu.uc. :coc
suuuz nccc:c:u scc:cuwx uuu nc .cyuc:. `:c ow.c uc:cxu:, :c c.xuc cucsu
c:u:. uc:cxu:`. 12 cxuoz 12 cu c:uuwncocu:c..uuw ccscu.uc. c cuz:uu
cc c:uuw sccuucc xcu:c.z, u u :u quuuuccswx cu cc sccuuwu ouxc: swcc nc:u
sscc. C:uuu yxcn.z.uc., nuc: uu snc.uc c:cxu:uccxux ccucsuuuzx, nccxc..xy uc
ccusu.u cu sccuucu uunzxcuucc:u, u .uu. c:uu.uc. scuy:. ccoc cc:cuucc :cc:c s
lscnc u :uc. C 12 cu cuc:scsu. ccsc:cxcc:uucxuu ccsc c yxoc u ucu:u
.u:c:c, ucc:c:z uu xc:cwu, CCCl ncc:czuuc :uuuc sousu. x.uu :cxy ccuu.uc:u:u
u xc::yuuc:u:u. l Ccsc:cxc: Ccuc ucoc.u :c:uu `ccuu.quuu:`, u ccuu.uc:u
ccxyu nu:uu Ic:uuuu co1zsu.u .usucu yccu :yzu:cz. lc nusc cscz, .cswc
cu.w, sccz:uc, ccncuuu.u ow :cxy ccocu u oc nc:u.xusuuuz usuc, cuuxc u:czuuuz
nc yxuuuuu ^ccxsw scuuu c ccuu.uc:u:u scc xc co1cx:usuc cncccoc:scsu.u nuxcy x
s.uc:u IC1l. Ic:uuuu c ccucsuuuz nc:zc xuuc 12 = 10 ccs, xc:cwu uu
uc:w ucnc..csu.u .z ncc.cucc wsxu x s.uc:u, :cu xux nusu:c..c:sc lcu:ucxcu
ccnyo.uxu uc sccx cu. nw:u.cc. ccxu:. ux uu:ucx. C 12 nc 12 c nc:us .cucs
IC1l ow.c scoyxcuc cswuc cccxu :wcz yc.csuwx c., nc xc:cw: cy::uuwc nu
cscw cycs ccc:usu.u c:wuuu:. :wcz .c: :uc:ucc ux.ucuuz u nc.:cu :u..u
cuu :ucx u:uqcs. 1 unc.z 12 cu nc.uuz ncsc.u cowcx nc:ccuuu IC1l c
u1z:uc: cxy:cu:cs, u xc:cw: ncc.ccsu. unc: C1 u CC, uc a:c ow.u yxc ncc.cuuc
nc:yu s.uc:u ycxu:. nc.cxcuuc. Iu yocxc ccz:u.c:uu sccuuucsuuuwc cuuuuuu
uuuc:cs scc.:u ucc.uc. u ncc:us.z.u ccocu cc.cuyu cu.y. l 12 cy uc.cuucc:.
c:zcs C1 cc:u.u cc:cu :wcz ocucs u ucyx.cuuc cc.u. CC :uxxc ycu.usu.uc., xc:z
u u.cxc c:c:usu.u c: u:y:cswx c:zcs, s cxuoc 10 cu cuu u:c.u s cscc: ccc:usc
212 c.cscx
42
. Ic y.uuwc xy.uuuw u c.cnuuw u C1 uc u.u uu s xuxcc cusucuuc c
a.u:uw: acaccscxu: qc:ucsuuuc:, s ccc:usc xc:ccc s 11 cy nczsu.uc. ccoc:scuuwc
cuuw occnucucc:u.
lux uu c:uuuc, a:c: ncccc uc nus.cx suu:uuuc uuu:ccccsuuuwx uucc:uuuwx
ccyuc:s. \cu.uz ux uscwsu:c..uwx cuucs couu.uc. s ccucsuc: uu uc:cxuc ccy
uc:scuuwc uuc:u:y:w, u uc:ucuc ucu:yuwc ncuuxucscuuz s uuuc:cxyu nu:uu u cc
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u L
cuuuuuu uc ycc:uusu.uc. suu:uuuz yxcscc:su cncc.yxo. Iunu:c, s nucu:c:
uwx uuux ccsc:cxcu sucuucu uscxu, ncc:us.cuuwx ncc ucu s 10 cy lc.u:ouc
|l lll{o, uc ow.c uu c.csu uu c uuuc:cxcu ycc, uu uxc c uccoxcu:cc:u uycuuz
suy:unc.u:uccxcc nc.cxcuuz Ic:uuuu. lIO cucu:ucsu.u uu scxw:uc uu:cscu
ucuuc:cxux n.uucs s c:ucucuuu CCCl, n.uucs nc cc quuuuccscaxcuc:uccxcu o.cxuc,
ccxc:uwx sccuucnc.u:uccxux cc.uucuuu u ccsccs, u :uxxc uu sccuuc uuyuc:cx
uuccxcu uscxu.
lc.uucxuz cucu:yu lIO scc xc ucnc.uu.u o.uxu: x uuuc:cxcu nu:uu uc
:cuuxc:, xc:cw: zs.z.cz oucu ly: qcu lcccuuc {1,20, 1 uczoz 11 cu nc
.cxusuuu cscu yc.yu nc ncuxc uuqc:uuu co coc:uucsxc s IC1l. :c: owsuuu
cc:yuux ccxc:ucu c.yxow C1 ow. usc:uuc: nc ncucxcxcuuu u uxuuc:sy u nu
xcu.cz n.c:zuuuxc: yxcscu:c.u xcu:scu xuzu l:uc:ocy. lucucuuc. sc s.z
ux c Iu:.cc:, s 10 cy cu ncu. uu ucc cycouwu ucx, uc nuscuuu x xuxc:y.uoc
cy..:u:y, cc.u uc cu:u:. ysc..ucuuz cc c.yxow s u:y:cswx c:zux. Ccu :ucxcc:su
uuxu:wx qcu lcccuucc: sucs u:c.uc. quyucsu.u s.uz:c..uwc .uucc:u xux Icuu,
Icooc..c u lc:, nca:c:y yxc ncc.c yc:uucs.cuuz cc cszu c ccsc:cxcu uscxcu oucu nc
.yu. nc.cxcuuc :uxc u ucu:c:uc ncxuuy:. Ic:uuuu. l co:cu
c:y ow.c cocuuc, :c IC1l uc c:uuc: ncc.ccsu:. cc. \nc
uwu qcu lcccuuc c:xuu.cz c: a:cc ncnc.cxcuuz, uc s ncc.c
uuu ccc. nc uuc:czuuu cucu:u lIO l. . lc:uuu, u s uux
sucuucc nu:ucuuz ow. nc.ycquuu..uc scsucu uu c.yxoy s
C1. 1,20 u. ccsc:cxcu sucuucu uscxc :ucxcc:sc uusccx uu
scocsxu u :c ow cxuu:.cz s u..ucuuc: scc.:u nc.cuw:, uc nc
cncx:usucc cc:yuucc:sc nc.u.cc. ucc.c. l :u:c 1 cu,
ncc.c nuxcu uuuc:cs x s.uc:u, qcu lcccuuc ncnu. nc ucc: nc
xu:ccuu `ucxc.u:c..uwx uucc:uucs`. cc nc.:cw ucc.u cu
swuc. uu cscocy, cuuxc ccu. cxcc ucc, u cc ucxc:ccc sc
:z cc :c.c ow.c couuyxcuc cc c.cu:u c:c:c..uwx cucc:c..
uwx u xc.c:wx uucuuu. Ccsc:cxuz uscxu .uuu.uc. nux:uccxu
cuuc:scuucc uc:cuuxu, xc:z ow c:u.cuuc nuo.uusucccz x y
xcsczu: xyu: IC1l.
lyxsu..uc s ncc.cuuc :cczw cycc
:scsuuuz lcu:ucxcu ccnyo.uxu uucc:
uuuwc uscwsu:c..uwc c.yxow u un
.c:u:uccxuc scc:c:su scc xc u.zc.u
.cscuu xuux:c zyux ncc:cu, uc
ow.c ncuc. Iuuc:w yxc co.uu.u uuc
xcu nccxxcu s uucc, quuuuccscu nc
nu:xcu c.cswx xycs, :ucc:wczuw:u
sccyxcuuw:u qc:ucsuuuz:u u ccoc
:scuucu ccxc:ucu c.yxocu, nc..csu.uc.
cu:nu:uz:u :ucux s.uz:c..uwx uucs c
cyuc:scuucc unnuu:u u cuxcscu, :c
u xux ux nc:usuuxu ow.u ucocuw u
cc:uou.uucsuuw. .z usccsuuuz s.uc:u
oc.cc uc :cocsu.cc. uucc.
lcucu: qcu Iuucuoy nccu. qyuxuu xuu.cu nusu:c..c:su qcu luncuy, u
c.cyuu: ux:c: a:cu cucu u sc.uuuuux u: uuucc scxu c:u.c uuuucuuc cuxc
xuu.cc: 1c..qu Iu:.cu. l Ic:uuuu nuuc. uuu:.
2. 4l1I|l
4uuuz zs.z.uc. uuuoc.cc :cycc:scuucu cxuscu xcu:uucu:u c: 1u^uuuu c
\u.u u uocc.u:uc c:uuucsu.u s ncc.csccuucu lscnc. lc ccncc:scsusuc:y s luu
Iycsucu: Icyuuuu Iu qou Iuucu6yr
c suos uusuucuu uucyo Aoqo Iu:cyo
uyou 1y:
qou Ioccuucy
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
xc :ucuuu, .z ccxuucuuz :uxcc nc.cxcuuz :cocsu.cc. sccc .uu. sccncnz:c:scsu:.
sccxcuuu uc:.cuucu s 11 cy Ic:uuuu. luycuuwu uxuucxcu scuucu Cc
sc:cxuu Ccu uu suy:cuucu c.uocc:u uc ccc:us.z. cc.cucu xcuxycuuu 4uuuu, u
uuwx nc:uscscccs cu :c: oc.cc uc yc:u:usu.cc.. :u xcucnuz co1zcuzc: scc :uucsw
ccyuc:su, cc:cc:scuuw:u ccncuuxu:u xc:ccc, s :c: uc.c u s uscwsu:c..ucu co.uc
:u, zs.z.uc. Ic:uuuz u CCCl. Ouuxc, xux uscc:uc, uu nc:zxcuuu 120x ccs uc:w
nux:uccxu ow.u .uucuw sc:cxucc:u ncscu:. :uuuwc cncuuu, u:c CCCl u lc:uu
:cu nc:u cuy xc u:uxcsu.u cucsc:cuuc u Jc:.u ccnyo.uxy, u ucnc.cxcuuwc sc
4uuuu a:uuu:cxuc cuuuuuu.
Cusuu:c..uc .cz..ucc x oc..ucsuc:cxcu lcccuu nusu:c..c:sc 1uc:uu luuuu nc
cxu.cc. y s.uc:u c zusuz 122 cu, xcu ncc.c ucyuucc c:c:u nc:.c:uuuc:u
ncc lu.u:cu cny:u:cs c xcc luuucxcu xcuqccuuu Iuucuu..uwu o.cx swuu. xuou
uc:y uccscuc u ucnyc:u. cc. l s.uc:u scuy.cz aucuuwu u ucccusuwu luu:cu lyuu
xuc, uucc uc.yxusuuu ncsuc `lyuuxucscuuu`. Ic:c.cuuc cuoc:u. aqqcx: nuu
uux xcc:zucx c:uuc, u c:cuu nusu:c..c:su sc 4uuuu ncs.cx.u u ccocu uuu.cuuwc
ncc.cc:suz nc:u nc sccu lscnc. lw.u c:nus.cuw s c:c:usxy nc..cxuu, u:u..zucxuu,
usc:uucxuu, cccxuu xuouuc:w, csu ycuc. uu cscc: :cc:c uxc nc:u xuu:u:uccxuu
1.cu xcx. Icswu quuycxuu nc:.c cuy xc nccuc. x cuu:c..uw: cuc:su
z:. Ou nc.cxu. ^ccxsc nuuu:. csccuuwc c.u yccxcc nusu:c..c:su u swn.u:u:.
xc:ncucuuu s.uc..u: uuucuu.uucsuuuwx ncnuz:uu u cuucc:cu, uu :c nc.yu.
xu:ccuccxuu c:xu. l c:sc:uc: uzs.cuuu Iuxc:uuc. ucuu nuucsu.. `lc sccu
lcc:cucu lscnc :cxyuucuwc c:ucucuuz uc :cy: xux c.cyc: uu.uu:.cz u uc :cxc:
uuc:ynu:. ncuwu :u s cy..:u:c suxcoucu cz:c..ucc:u quuycxcu un.c:u:uu
nc:us Ccsc:cxcu ccnyo.uxu`
4
. l a:c ow.c uc:cu nuscu, nccxc..xy luux s:cuu
su.cz nux:uccxu s .uocu scncc, ccscucuuc uc couuz suu:uuuz uu cocnuuz:wc
nc.u:uccxuc u uxc a:uccxuc uc:w. Ouuxc ncuc cc:cu xcuqcu:uuu ncc.xu.cz
ucc.c, s 124 cy xuouuc: sucs. c:cuu.cz u x s.uc:u nuu.u yxcscu:wc yuc:
uc ccuu.uc:w. \xc cc uccxc..xc :cczcs, 2 cx:zoz 124 cu ow.c couuccsuuc
cquuu..ucc uzs.cuuc. `lusu:c..c:sc ccnyo.uxu, scucc yxoc, cccuuzucu yccxuu
u quuycxuu uucw, uuuuuz c uuc:czcc uz nuuuc: c uc nusu:c..c:sc CCCl xux
nusu:c..c:sc :cu:cuu owsucu lcccuucxcu u:ncuu, c cc s.uc:. nuuuuu uucc.cuu
c:, u xux ncc:uuxu s a:ux :cu:cuzx ncucc:syuux cccuucxux nusu:c..c:s. Ouc
c:csc nca:c:y uszu:. cy.zuwc un.c:u:uccxuc cucucuuz c nusu:c..c:sc: Ccuu
ny:c: suu:ucc co:cuu ncc.u:u`
44
. Juxcu o.ucnuz:uwu .z CCCl cocc: ccow:uu nc
sc.u. s 12 cy c:xw:. nc nuxw:uc: ccsc:cxcc nc.ncc:su s luuxc `.cu..uwc`
cucu:yw lIO OIl\ u luscynu lll1, uc:c.cuuc uscuysuuc s c:uuc ncowsu
uuz :uuuwc cncuuu.
l cocux usccuuux quuycxcc uunus.cuuc zs.z.cc. nucu:c:uw: nc uccxc..
xu: nuuuu:. lcxc sccc, 4uuuz cu:u.uc. .usuw: ncc.c lc.uxcou:uuuu nc:us
uuxc: Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu {u ncc.c 12 cu = .usuw: oc sczxux ccsccx. lcs:cwx,
couuuwc xcu:ux:w quuycxux sccuuwx u uscuxcs s lc..uc u ly:wuuu ncsc.z.u
aqqcx:usuc ucnc..csu:. a:u c:uuw s xucc:sc n.uu:u .z ucu:yucc ncuuxucscuuz
s ncuuuuwc c CCCl ccyuc:su. l:c:.ux, cyxcny:uuz u:uz u sccuucscyuuwc cu.w
4uuuu ow.u snc.uc ccsc:cuuw:u, u sccuuuz nc:wu.cuucc:. = swccxc :cxuc.cuucu,
cuu ncc:us.z.u ccocu nus.cxu:c..uwu u nccncx:usuwu co1cx: .z sccuuc:cxuuccxcu
u uuyuc:cxuuccxcu uscxu. Iuxcuc, 4uuuz zs.z.uc. :cc:c: ucnc.cxcuuz :ucc
uc.cuuwx a:uuu:cxux cuuuuuu u nca:c:y cswuuuc uu:ccccsu.u lIO u llO
OIl\. lux yxc yxuwsu.cc., c 122 cu quuycxcc uunus.cuuc sxcu.c s cqcy c:sc:c
:scuucc:u oc.uucxux cu:cs sucuucu u sccuucu uscxu.
luscyn uoc:u. sc 4uuuu scc.:u ux:usuc u nc..csu.cz ccuuucu :u: cc:.u
lc:uu:cuu u cc ccxuu = ccucsuuucu s 120 cy quuycxcu xc::yuuc:uccxcu nu
:uu {4ll. lccuuwx uscuxcs uu:ccccsu.u sc 4uuuu s ccucsuc: sccuuc:cxuucc
xuc scnccw, u yc:uucs.cuuu uc.cxuuu uc:cu, ux :ux:uxc u occscu ncc:csxc yc.z
.cc. uuu:c..uc :cu.ucc suu:uuuc. lcsw: cucu:c: s luuxc {121 = 122 c:u.
. ^. lyuux, uscc:uwu :uxxc nc qu:u.uz:u 1coccs, C:cnuucs, la u lusucu.
l cc ux:usc uuu:cz scocsxu .cuu lyxcsczcc xc:u:c:u 4ll u swccxcncc:us.cuucc
qyuxucucu ncqccuu uocux us:c:cou..ucu u usuuucuucu nc:wu.cuucc:u ccqu
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u S
Jc::uc, nuc: a:c: xcu:ux: ccxuuz.cz s :uuuc c: nu:uu sn.c:. c 124 cu. Iu nc
sc: a:unc cycc:scsuuuz 4ll cc yxcscc:sc uucucsu.c cxc:cuuuu lc:uu:cuu u
c:usu.c uuucuu..uwc uu:cccw swuc ucc.cuccxux u x.ucccswx. lca:c:y s 124 cy
llll uuu. ncu::y nc.uc:ucu:uoucu `oc..ucsuuuu` quuycxcu xc:nu:uu, .z
cc suuu.c cou.cz nuuz:uz s ucu nuuunu c:cxu:uccxcc cu:u.u:u, u u:c: c
uuucsu. u:cuy qyuxucuccs swxcu:u u ccw uoccc x.uccu u :uxu: cncccoc: cc
u. xcu:c.uyc:cc u csc.uucuucc yxcsczcc zc. l:cuuc ncc.c a:cc s 4ll ow.u
uc.ucuc cuuucsuuu ccxuz cszu c lc:uu:cuc: u CCCl, cycc:scuuc ysc.uusuuz
uscwsu:c..uyu cuucc:. nu:uu .z luscynu, u ccsc:cxuc xcu:ux:w ow.u uuxcuc
ucccxccuw s ncc.ux |l. lc..yzc. cscu:u cszz:u uu cu:c.c:cc:cu:c..uwx uscux,
Jc::uc uu.uu. ucn.cxyu uuqc:uucuuyu cc:., scxcc, cuuxc, ncnusuyu s nc.c cuuz
nc:usuuxu. l c:.uuc c: cscux xc..c c lcc:cxu, quuycxuc xc::yuuc:w ccscucuuc uc
co.uu.u cnw:c: ncnc..ucu oc.ow u nca:c:y cy.zuc cxuwsu.uc. ucc.cxucu cowcu
.z :cc:uwx cuucs occnucucc:u. l cxuoc 121 cu xcu:uscxu 2c ouc cuu:uou
nc uscwsu:c..uw: xuuu.u: nc.yu.u u lscuuuu csccuuz co ux:usuc: succuuu
ccsc:cxcu ucu:yw uu quuycxuc nc:wu.cuuwc ncnuz:uz u co yxc cuc:syuux
uu :ucux uscux ucu:ux CCCl. lccuuwc nccu.u ux s uxuucxyu xcu:uscxy, uc s
ucu uc:uuuyu c.. Jc::uc cy:c.u yc:uucsu:. .uu. s 12 cy o.ucuz cuuu.y cucc
u uocux, cu: xc ucu: ycnc. ycxc..uy:. c: ucc:u u ocxu. s ^ccxsy. lc::yuuc:w :uxxc
cncscucsu.u s 12 cy occnczxu s uccxc..xux nc.xux quuycxcu u:uu, sx.uuz
ucxsu:ucsuuuwc s Ic:uuuu cxxynuucuuwc scucxu. lc:czsuuc :cncuuc xcu:u
scuxu ncsc.u cowcx s nc:ccuuu u:uoxsu:uw 4ll, c couuyxu.u c:uccusuuccz
x sccyxcuuw: cu.u: c:uuw ccxc:uwc cxy:cu:w. l 122 cy lyuuxu uu c.xucc:u
cucu:u luscynu c:cuu. C. l. \uxuu, ncowsuuu uu a:c: ncc:y c 124 cu.
lcc:sc Jc::uc c:uu. uc uyuu.c cuc:c:y ccsc:cxcu uscxu sc 4uuuu. lc.cc
:cc, 2 ccu:zoz 12 cu ucx:c I.usucu cwcxucu nc.uuu `Cu:a xcucu..` nuuu.,
:c ucu:w CCCl cy:c.u ncuuxuy:. s u:u..cuucxuu uccuu., cu: nc uycuuu :uuxcs,
:cxuuccxyu ccxuu u:u..cuu, xc:uccuu nc nccxy, usuuucuuwc uc:u u uu ucxc:cwc
sccuuwc uscw. lc:uu:cu u luscyn s:cc:c ocxusucc Jc::uc yc:uucsu.u csz. c
ccxc:uc: ncqccuu xcuo.cc:cu:c.cu u :c:u..ycs uuc: lc:c, uc.ucuc c:scus
uu: s xc:nu:uu u xcu:ux:w c ccsc:cxu:u cncc.yxou:u. lyxcscu. u: nccsccuuwu u
lc..uu ncswu us:cuc:uwu uc.cu..uwu cucu: luscynu sc 4uuuu C. 1. \uucxuu
{l.cucxuu, 1ou: lcuu:cuu. lc:c :cuc :ux xc ucnc..csu. cscu xcu:ux:w uu uscux,
:cxc ncnu. nc ncccuuc u :cxc ycnc. cxw:.cz, cuuxc quuycxuc xcu:uscuxu
y.u ycxu c.u Jc::uc. l:cc:c ucc:u cuu ncnc.u ncscc:u c ccsc:cxcu uscxcu
cncu:usuyu uy, s xcc xc:ccu uu nc:zxcuuu uccxc..xux :cczcs ncoucwsu.u cu c
uuqc:uuu. 1 unc.z 12 cu xu.cy \uucxcc ncsu. ucc: s :c:cu: nc.ycuuz
c: ucu:u ccxc:uwx :u:cuu.cs. :c c:u.c cuu: u ncxu:usuuxcz nc :uy s 12 cy
c:xux ncsu.cs ccsc:cxcu uscxu, nuc: scc.:u xynuw:, nccxc..xy s:cc:c c \uu
cxu: ow.u ucc:csuuw cxc.c cc:uu .cucs cc cc:u. lc:c ycnc. ocxu:. s ^ccxsy s:cc:c
cc csccu xcucu u nc:cuucu 1yucu l.uux, u s cccuuc 10x ccs ycxu. u CCCl s
lu:uu, u..ucsuuc ncnc:z yxw:.cz c: uuusuuxcz s ^ccxsc cncccuu. u..ucuuuc
csccuuz c cc cy.oc ucxcz:cz. Cc.ucuc cucu sccuu, lc:c y:cuy. s ^uxuc, uc cycc
:syc: u ycc, cc:u:cuc coccucsuuucc ncnc.cxcuuc, cc.ucuc xc:cc:y ncc scuucu
cu scc xc scuy.cz sc 4uuuu, xu. :u: nc nccscuu:c:, s ncuc cxxynuuu yuc:scsu.
s suxcuuu Ccnc:us.cuuz u :uuc cxcuu.cz s 1 cy. l c:.uuc c: ucc, \uucxuu
ncnu. s :u.:y, cuuxc sccc uu :cx.c:uuu ccx, nccxc..xy s 120x cux cscncucxuc
uxcuw, xux nusu.c, ncyc:u:usu.u uuu:c..uc :cucc cycswc uuxuuuuz u unucuux,
c: s c.cyuc: ccz:u.c:uu. C.cyc: c::c:u:., :c s cocux cnucuuuwx c.yuzx cucu:w
yocuuu: couc: uuyuu.u cycc:scsusuuu unc: nz:cc swxcu uu :cc:uwc xc:nu
:uu .z uoc:w nc:us c:uuw ncowsuuuz, cy..:u: cc uc u:c.u. cxuu:.cz.
Oucu u zxux yuc:uu cc:u luscynu zs.z.uc. uscc:uuz usuu:uuc:xu oucucc
cu 1uuz C:u.., ycxcuuuz xu.csu {nc yu: uuuw:, cxu.csu. l cc:yuucc:sy c
ccsc:cxcu uscxcu cc nus.cx l. I. lusuxuu {C. I. Iuuoy, ncc.c cc c 124 cu
C:u.. nc nccscuu:c: `O..u` uuu.u uoc:u:. s cc:u lc:c. lcc.c ncsu.u 12 cu
cuu ycxc..uy.u c: suu:uuuz `Cu:a xcucu..` u cxw.uc. s Cl1, cuuxc uu ycw
yc.csucc ncc.ccsuuuz u ncc.xy c..ucswx xynu scxcc swuyxcuu ow.u ocxu:. u
9 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
c::yu. lccxc..xy C:u.. uc uuu.uc. s xu:c:cxc quuycxcu xcu:uscxu xux cnucuwu
a.c:cu:, cuu oc nco.c: scsu:u.uc. s luux u c:xw.u :u: uu csccu su..c a.u:uwu c:
csuuuuu, ucnc..csusuuucz :uxxc u .z c1c:u uuqc:uuu c cc nccc:u:c.cu. Ic.cu..uuz
cz:c..ucc:. xux uc..z .yuc ccc:sc:c:scsu.u usuu:uuc:uccxc:y xuux:cy xcuuuw,
uc uoc:u:. :c..xc uu cuy ccxc:uyu c.yxoy cu cxuu.cc. uccc:u:cuc, u s 10 cy cuu
yc:uucsu.u csz. c uoscc:. l xcuc 1 cu quuycxuz xcu:uscxu ucxw.u cc:.
C:u.., uuxcusucucz uu cszu c ucc:csuuuw:u 1 cxuoz cucu:c: luscynu lcuuu:u
uc: lcxcsuc: u cc xcucu. `O..u` :cxc ow.u ucc:csuuu s uc.c :ucux yux ucu:cs
u nucsccuu x ccz:u.c:uc:y :uc:uc:y ux.ucuuu, cuuxc ncow.u s xu:cc .uu. c
140 cu, xcu scucuuc s luux uc:w ccscocu.u cc. l u..ucuuc: c:ucuuz, uc scc
cc cosccxu:c..uuz unucuxu co1cu.u c uuuuz:u uoscu ly:wuuu, lc..uy u Icsc
uu, u s 14 cy ycxc..uy.u c: ucc:u u yxw.uc. s 1cu:uuc, c cc c.cw u:cz.uc..
lcc.c ncsu.u \uucxcc yxcscc:sc cc:usuu:ucz u ncncxuc:y :uccuc.cu
uw:u ccsc:cxu:u ucu:u:u nuuz. uu ccoz l. l. C:ycscxuu {lc.. ^ucu, lyucccuu.
C cc:cuuw: .yucc nu:cucuuz yncc:sc: cu ncuucucsu. xu:ccuccxuc unc:w
|cu:u u yc:uwu cnw: csccc ncucc:scuuuxu, u nca:c:y ow. coccu ncs:cu:. cc
quuu.. Ccsz. c 4ll C:ycscxuu nccxusu. cc ucoc:u:c.z cc:u `uocux xccc
ncucu:cs` lcuz luu {`4uu:c:uc`. `luoxcw` nucu.u .z ncu:uwx cuucs lc:uu:cuu
u xc::yuuc:uccxcu uc:w `I:uuu:c` occouuwc u:c:xu c nc.cxcuuu uocux, cuuxc
suu:uz .uy c:ccuu ux cz:c..ucc:u zs.z.uc. .uu. scuuucu uucocu. Icncccc:scu
uc scu. xcccncucu:u:u l.c 1ucx.c {`4u.unn`, u cocc yxcscc:sc ccxc:uw:u
cncuuz:u ow.c sc.cxcuc s nu:uu uu uu:cuu:cc uxu ux.c. l sucs. ucxc:cwc
u uocux s 11 cy nczsu.u ncuuu:c..ucc:. u cou:u.u suu:uuuc nc.uuu uu nc
cu:c..uwu xuux:c scnccuuxcs `uoxccs`, uuc:yu cccxusuux u u.cxc uc uc
suuuwc nyux:w, xucusuuccz :cxuc.cuccxux u sccuuwx ccxc:cs ccyuc:su. Jcnc. yxc
C:ycscxuu ncnu. s :u.:y u unucuux uu :c xc c:uuu:uwc :u cu, ncc.c cc uux:c
u ccsc:cxux sccuuwx uscuxcs uxc o.uxc uc ncxcu. x qyuxucucu: 4ll, cc:usus
a:u xcu:ux:w lc:uu:cuy.
l 120c cw quuyw sc.u zsuc ucusuyu oc.oy c ccsc:cxu: ncuuxucscuuc: s
ux c:uuy. lc:usccuc:suc: uucc:uuucu ucu:yc uuu:u.uc. uc oc.cc 100 cc:yuuxcs,
uuuoc.cc uscc:uw:u u xc:cwx ow.u 1yu ux.y u I.usucu cwcxucu nc.uuu `Cu:a
xcucu..` u xunu:uu xcu cccc u sccuucu xcu:uscxu. lcswu u uux sc.us.z. u
oc:y nc cc:u Jc::uc, u s:ccu yxcscu. ccsc:cxu: ccx:cc: u sccu cuuqc:uucuucu
uoc:cu. Icc:c:z uu cuuucuuwc ccycw, s ucc:u:usuc:wu ncuc quuyw cy:c.u
swzsu:. cxc.c cc:uu ccsc:cxux ucu:cs, sccc:. u xc:cwx ow.u nucsccuw x :uc:uc:y
ux.ucuuu. lcc a:c nc.yu.c c.ucxy s ncccc u scc.:u ncscu.c cny:uuu 4ll s .uux
1uuz C:u.. c uscxu:u:u
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u SU
uucu, u :uxxc uuu:c..uc ucnc:u.c co.ux Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu, nc:cuus cc:uxcuuu
un.uuucsuuuwx ncnuuuuc:cxux ycncxcs.
OIl\ cuu.c sc 4uuuu ccscucuuc uuwc uuu, .usuw:u u xc:cwx zs.z.uc.
uuoc:xu u ucxc. a:uuu:cxux cuuuuuu, u c 122 cu u sccuuc axcuc:uccxcu u
scxu. luoc:u nc xcu:csc.uucuuw: ccuu: u:c.u oc.cc swccxuu nucu:c:, nccxc..xy
ux uscwsu:c..uuz, usccucuuuz u :ccuc:uccxuz cz:c..ucc:. ccusu.u nz:yu y
cy .z CCCl. Iuuoc.cc aqqcx:usucu qc:cu oc.ow c uu:u c:u.u :uccuc.cuuwc cnc
u:usuwc uw, cu:cu uu:cuu:cu u xc:cwx ow. :uccxu:uc cnucuuuwu `Jcc:`.
C:cc cscz, a:u uu uuuuu.uc. uc sc 4uuuu, u u sccoc cc uc..z c:ucc:u :c
u:cuu..uc x xuxcu.uoc c:c..ucu c:uuc. l uczoc 122 cu Il\ nccxsu:u.c nuc.:c
nccscuxu ouc nucnc:ucc xcu:c.z uu.uucxcu :uccuu s lcsc.c Iuz 1:u:cucsu x
cuc:y u yxcscu:c.cu lwcucc :cuuxuccxcc ccsc:u {l^C xuzu luuucxc:ylu
x:u:csy. l uc: c:nusu:c.. uuc:cz:c..uc cxc:cucsu. uccu:y c.yxusucc s Iuxc:u:c
ny:cu cccocuuz 1. 1. xyucsu s xucc:sc uucxucc c.cscxu, uu xc:ccc :cxuc cnc
c:.cz s ncnc..ucu uoc:c.
lc:cc:scuuc, ncc.c scsucuuz u uyocxucu xc:uuu
csxu xyucs ncow. uu cscocc xuuuc ucc.c. Ouuxc yxc
scc:sc xcu:uscxu cuu.c uc u:u nc nu:u:usuc:y ny:u
uuxuuuuz u.u ncqu.ux:uxu ucc:csuuucc, :c: oc.cc, :c nu
a:c: ucuocxuc xc:nc:c:ucsu.cz qux: nccxsu:u nccnucxu
l^C. lw.c cucuc ncnw:u:.cz ucnc..csu:. scuuxuyu cu:yu
uu .z ncsccuuz uuc:ynu:c..ucu cncuuu.
:u uuu..uuz uc:. uc:cuu uccucxu:uc swwsu.u y uc
c.ccsu:c.cu cc.cuwc cc:ucuuz. Icxc:cwc u uux nc.uuu:,
:c xyucs u. cc.ucuc uoc:u:. uu OIl\ scscc uc s cy..
:u:c ucc:u u c.ux yocxcuuu, u uc.c c nczs.cuuz nuc.:u
1:u:cucsu. Iuxuxux cxuu:c..c:s nccoucc uc:c y:cu:c..
ucc ncnc.cxcuuz uc cycc:syc:. lc.cc :cc, cuc uocc.u:uc
ucscuc, xc:z ow nc nuuuc :cc, :c s ucc:u:usuc:wu ncuc
OIl\ cc uc ow.c ccuuc. lncc:, .z ccuxu u..ucuuc
c xcu ccow:uu a:c: qux:, c:cc cscz, uc u:cc: uuxuxcc
uucuuz. l .uoc: c.yuc cxuucxuu u uuu..uux lcu:uscwsu:c..ucc c:c.u Il\
1. 7. 1:ycs nuuz.u cucuuc ccu:. .ccuucsuuuyu ncnc..uyu `^cuuxuccxyu c
uuuuuu |cu:u..ucu lcccuu` {^O|l. lcc.c a:cc s :c: xc uczoc 122 cu xyucs
nc suc: yxcscu:c.z ^O|l cszu.cz s lc.uuc c .ucu:u lwcucc :cuuxuccxcc
ccsc:u, u c cnyc:z = u c ncc:usu:c.z:u `Oo1cuucuucu yccxcu u:uu`, ncucc ncc
qc:ucsuuucu s `lcccuucxuu cocscuucxuu ccu` {lOlC. l u..ucuuc: c:y nuxcu
.cc. sc:cu:.cz u c l. I. luuc.c:, u c sc.uxu: xuzc: Iuxc.uc: Iuxc.ucsuc:, nuc:
OIl\ cy:c.c ucnc..csu:. a:u xcu:ux:w .z ucxc.u :cuuxuccxcc suxcuuz u cou:.cz
ncc:cncuucu xc:nc:c:uuu, u u:c: u c:c:uucuuz luuc.z c: c.. 4ux:uccxu: yxcsc
u:c.c: lOlC c:u. cucu. 1. l. ly:cncs, :c cwu.c s cc cy.oc cxcsyu c...
A. A. ucs
uuc 1cu 1ucc:ycxuu 1cu s oyrc
SJ Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
lc :cc usu:uz cncu:usucu uw cc uuu ucuuu.uc., ow.c cucuc cou:.cz
swxcu uu uucuscxu, s uc:ucc:u, ac:cucxyu, nc..cxyu u quucxyu, u cc uux u uu
ou:uucxyu ClC. l xcc ncsccuuz `Jcc:u` xcu:uscxu u:uuu.u s CCCl, ncxu
.yu, cu:cc uscc:ucc u cuc:scsusuux nc:us Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu uu.uucxux uscuxcs
Cuucz lcu.u, ucuc nucsccuucc x c:c:ucu xuuu cc s 11 cy. Jcnc., cc:. .c:
cnyc:z, nczsu.uc. sc:cxucc:. nuscc:u nucsc s ucnc.ucuuc. .z ccxuucuuz cscuz x
cncuuu u ccuuuz u..uuu occnucucc ncowsuuuz lcu.u s Ccsc:cxc: Ccuc nuu.cc.
uuccuucsu:. uu uuuc c.yuuuyu nccc:c.xy, s xc:ccu uu.uuuuu zxcow ncuo nu
ncnw:xc scuy:.cz s 4uu.zuuu.
:c: anuc scc xc swsu. y uc:u a:uuuu ucxc:cwc cc:ucuuz s c:ucucuuu
^O|l, u .z cnuccuuz cncu:usucu uw OIl\ nuu.cc. ncscu:. c.wu xc:n.cxc
cncuu..uwx :ccnuz:uu nc yxcn.cuuu ncuu:uysucccz cscuz x `Jcc:y`. I.usuwc
:yucc:u .z ncc.xcuuz uw c:u.u ccusu:. axc:c:uc:cxu uuc:ccuuuz u ccu. nc
cu:c..uuz nc:cuuu ly:cncsu ^. l. 3uxucuxc {ly... 1uouz cncc.yxou nu uu
.uuu cc:ucuuu s xc:.uoc scc: ccoz c:uuu:uc u sccu yc:uusuc: ncscxy, u s uuuc:
c.yuc lOlC cuu. ccs:cc:u:. cc c uuucuw: :ccuc:uccxu: ux:c:. l.uuucsu.cc.
c:usu:. uc: sccx c.cu:cs c1cu Ccsc:cs s lc..uc: :cu:c u cucsc:cuuc uxsu:u:.
lc:.. cu.u:u cquccxcc c:zu uc.cuucc:.u s 200 c.cscx, xc:cw: ncc:cncuuc uu
.cxu.c ncccu:.cz cc uuuy u .uu. s ncc.cuuu :c:cu: cxcucu:ucsu:.cz nc
^ccxscu. 3uxucuxc uu s :u.cuucu c:cncuu uc cscz.u xyucsy u nc:c:y nc.cxu.u
uuuuu:. yxcscu:c.c: uxuu owsucc yuc:uuxu cnucuuucu u.cc cncuuu `Cuuuxu:`
1. O. Onncny:u {`. O. C:uyuu`, uusucc c.. u:cc:u:c.z .usw ^O|l = cuy u
cu:wx uucuwx u nc:usccuswx quy uc.ucucc unnuu:u ll,OIl\. lc.uuucc
u:z a:cc c.cscxu c cux nc swwsuc: y uc:cuxcs uuc.ucuz, nccxc..xy cu nc..c
su.cz qu:u.uz:u \nc.uu {\nc.uu.u, lucu:xuu, Cc.zuuucs, uc uuuoc.cc uscc:cu xux
1. O. Onncny:. l cuc: u ucc.ccsuuuu a:cc scnccu c::cuc:cz. `Iuu ccu uccu.
scuucc u:z = 1.cxcuuyu, u s yccxc: couxcc yuxcuusu.uc. :c ncsuz, :c s:cuz
cc uc:.. l cc:.c ow.c u sc qu:u.uu. Onncny: u \nc.uu, nuc: c csc.uuu cu uc
cu. s:cyu, u ncc.c csc.uuu nccuc. uu ncsyu. lcouscx s nucuuuzx ccsc:cuuuxcs
co Onncny:c qu:u.uz cc cqcuquccxu uc yuuquucsuuu. ncuc s cucu u :cu xc
c:u:.c cuu ncc:uc: :c xux Onncny:, :c xux Oncny:, :c xux Oncny:u, uc cscz yxc c
zsuwx ucxuxcuuzx s yc:ux ccsc:cuuuxcs {Onc:y:, Oscny:`
4
.
lc:cc:scuuc, scc n.uuw 3uxucuxc c:u.u uscc:uw OIl\. lcu:uscuxu c ccc
uuuc: yuu.u c sc.uc :ccu, xc:cyu ccouu.uc. ncuz:. ly:cncs u cc quuu:uuuz
nc:cuuu, cuusuuc suuu.c uoccu:. s CCCl ynny u 200 occsuxcs .z uuucccuuz
ncc:czuuwx occncxczux yucs, u u:c: uuuusu:. cscu uxuu. Iu:ccuuz ncc:uu.uc.
cc u..uc u sx.uu.u s ccoz c:us.cuuc unuccs cuu s a.csu:cux, ucncc:uucuuc
cccoc cnucuwx oc.cuc:scuwx :uxccuuu:cs, nc:cn.cuuc s :cc ycoucc nuycuuxu
`Jcsuu` u :ucxcc:sc yux, uc :cucc :ucu:uouwx uxuu. l a:cu cu:yuuu c:u.c zcuc,
:c c:cuc u:zuy:wu `Jcc:` ncu cscuusu:., cuuxc cucuuc uccxc..xc uncu.c,
u quuu..uuz c:uuz cncuuu nc cycc:sy c:u.u .z OIl\ ncsu..ucu. Iuxcusuuzcz s
N. B. 3uxuycuo {H} A. O. Ouucyu: I. I. 1uosu
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u S2
CCCl 3uxucuxc ncc.c c.yuuucc ucc:u u n.zuwu cxuuu. csccc :yxu I. I. luxcsuu
{s ucxc:cwx uc:cuuxux = luxcsu cuu.u nc:c. c:y swou:.cz s 4uu.zuuu u cu:u
:cxc nccou.uc. :yu s:cc:c c Onncny:c:, c nc.uuucu c.u xc:ccc ncncxuc:y
ncxu uc cuwsu.uc.. Iu ucsc: :cc:c a:c: ccscucuuc ucyc:cuuswu u ucnccxuyc:wu
c.cscx, c.xuwu xcu:c.. u xc:cw: c:cy:c:scsu., sucunuc cuu., :c uuc:u. ycouwu
:c:cu: uc :c..xc swcxc..uy:. unc s.uc:u OIl\ u cxw:.cz uu 3unuc, uc u ucn.cxc u
uoc:u:. nu a:c:. Ou cc:usu. s CCCl nuc.:c, s xc:cc: uscu. ccoccnucucc:. c cscc:
yxcc u Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu u :cocsu. u ucu.uucuuc qux:u csccu uoc:w uu xcu:u
scxy 12 :wcz yo.cu cuucsc:cuuc u nc :wczc yo.cu cxc:cczuc. Ic nc.yus cuc,
s 4uu.zuuu Onncny: cuy xc uzsu. ncc:usu:c.z: 2c c:c.u quucxcc cuu:uou u
uu.uucxcu ClC c .ccuucsuuuc: xuux:cc ^O|l, cuuxc cny:uuz a:cu cuuuuuu
s .uux unuuwx cncc.yxo ow.u uuc:c..xc swccxu, :c c:y ncc:c uc ncscu.u. Jc: uc
:cucc, s a:uuu:cxux xyux uuu.u ucncc:uuz:.cz u.uuwc sccuu, c.yxu u u:wu.c
uuz co a:cu uc:cuu, c Oncny:u u:cucsu.u `ccsc:cxu: 1cqc:` u uxc `cscx1cqc:`.
Ou cuu. nc.cxu:. xcuc xusc:c.xu: u s uc:cc uxcxcu a:uuu:cxcu uc:w `Cc
cuz` u 1 :uz 12 cu cnyo.uxcsu. c:xw:cc nuc.:c nc ccucuucuuw: uc.csxc:.
`1cu: Il\ Onncny:C:uyuu nuc:ynuc: x uco.ucuuz:`. l uc: nccocxux uzsu.
c csccu ncu.cu uoc:c uu ccsc:cxyu xcu:uscxy u ucxw. ucxc:cwc c:u.u uoc:w
llO OIl\, xc:z c cncc.cuucc sc:cuu y:u.usu. c nc.uuuc: cccxuuuu ^O|l.
luc.:c y:u.usu.c c u:uuusuuuu s CCCl lcu.u, xc:z uc cxwsu.c a:cc s c:ucucuuu
Cusuuxcsu u Ju:uuuuxu.
3uzs.cuuc ow.c uuc:c..xc ucsccz:uw:, :c ncscuuu..uc :u.c x:c c:ucccz x uc:y
cc.cuc. Ouuxc scxcc cy..:u:w ucc:c:cuuz zu ncsu.cs swu.u u ncc.w yxux
xycs lOlC u c:u.u cc:czuuc: cocc:scuucc:u. l ucc.ccsuuuu c.yusucccz ncx.u
u.uc. u yuc suuwc cz:c.u a:uuuu, u :uxxc ccz:xu, cc.u uc cc:uu .u :cu.ucc
:ucu:uou. lc.yu.u xcxcuuc sccuu xux c qu..uuscc:u `nccuuz` Onncny:u u c nc
c.xcuuu cc cc:yuucc:su c OIl\, :ux u c :c:, :c scc u.cxcuucc ncc:us.zc: ccocu
n.c cc oc..ucu quu:uuu. :u uc:cuz cxc cocc:u.u xcuq.ux: :cxy 1. l. ly:cncsw:
u sc.uxu: xuzc: Iuxc.uc: Iuxc.ucsuc:, uc cc:u.cz s c:ccuc uxc ccccc:cusuuucz
uu uc:c sccuuwx scnccux luuc... lcucc yxcscc:sc lOlC cuu.c ncc.xu:. nux
:uxy ucw.xu s CCCl :ccuc:uccxux ynn, cucu u xc:cwx c:u.u :cuxu 3uxucuxc,
Onncny: u I. lc:cc {I. I. lcucccucxuu. lcc.ccsu:c.u ucxcz:cz sc :ucuuzx c:uc
cu:c..uc nuuu, uc:ususuux nccocxuxu ucxuy:. ccscuu:. c:c:c..uc cnucuwu .z
ucc cu, u co1zcuzu: ux :c cc usuu:uuc:uccxu: xuux:cc:, :c ocwcxcucc:.u, :c
ncc.xcuuc: cncu:usucu uw OIl\. lux ow :c uu ow.c, occsuxu nuow.u s ^ccxsy
u uuuz ncnuuz.u ucyuuyu ncnw:xy swsu uuuz nc y.uc ^u.uz 1yozuxu ,,
s xc:cc: u:cu.cc. cocxu:uc cxuc:cs. lcc.c cc ncsu.u scc :cc cuu.u yxcu:.
cou:uc cc xccu, uc uu uuuc s C:c.cucxcu co.uc:u ow.u ucxuuw u ncuo.u s
nccc:c.xc, uousus OIl\ c: c.cxucc, coc:cuu:c..ucc u cccc:czcc uyocxucc
ncucxu ncu:c.z .z csccuuz cc:cs. l a:c: xc cu. ncucu.u cc :u :ccuc:uccxux
ux:u, ccusuuc sncu:.cuuc xccuc cn.uuucsuuucu u:uxu uu CCCl. youuc:sc uu luuus
cxc: scxu.c nc.ncu l. 1. lcuxcsu, sws s cu:u..uc: nu:uuuc: x.yoc 1cuuuuu u
uoc.. s ncc:ccuucu xc.cucccxucu xu:uc:cqc nc ^uucxc: u:cc:u:c.z ncccu:c
.z nc.ncu OIl\ nc lc.cyccxc:y sccuuc:y cxyy l. l. Onuucxcc.
C:c:. sc.us.zsucucz 3uxucuxc :cuxu :ccuc:cs cy.zuc ncscu.uc. cc:
ucuuu. l a:uuu:cxux xyux uccucxu:uc swcxuwsu.cc. :ucuuc, :c cuu ow.u uxsuc
uw xusw:u, u :c Onncny: uunus.cu uoc:u:. uu OIl\ s lu:uu. lc.cc :cc, ucxc:cwc
y:scxu.u uxc, :c cucu: Ill CCCl, cuc:scsusuuu c 141 nc 14 cw s cxxynu
csuuuc: uc:u:u lucsc nc suc: oucuu qcu ^uu:cuqc.z, s cuc:su:c..ucc:u zs.z.cz
Onncny:c:
4
. Ouuxc oc.cc :csc :wc.zuc .uu cxcn:uccxu c:ucc.uc. x nccouw:
unc:cu: u uc cc:ucsu.uc. s uoc.u, nc xuuucu :cc, lc:ccu u 3uxucuxc. luxcsu
ncnw:u.cz c:c:c:u:. u uoc.. xcuw u s:cc:c c yu: occsuxc: . C. ^cuc:uxcsw: nc
cuc. uuuy CCCl .z ccscucuuz :ccuc:uccxux uxuu. lccc: uu.z 12 cu,
s ncsyu ccsuuy couuccsuuuz cquuu..ucc usccuuz c ncnw:xc :cux:u uu ^u.cu
1yozuxc u s cu. swucccuuz nucscu nc lux:uucxc:y c.y, cuu occu.u oc:oy s ouc
ncnycxcs OIl\ u nux:uccxu cuy ow.u uxsucuw, nu a:c: luxcsu uc:c.u.cz, u
cc uunuuux ncncc. ucc:. :u: anucc: uxcuu.uc. cuu u cu:wx uscc:uwx cncu
S3 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
:usuwx u ccsc:cxcu xcu:uscxu c swxcc: uu uxccu. l u:cc
`Jcc:u` ly:cncsy nuu.cc. nccc:cu:. scu cuc:c:y :ccuc:u
ccxcu uoc:w lOlC. lcucucuuu s 12 cy uws c:ucuc
uuu :cxy CCCl u lc.uxcou:uuucu nccu. y :ucux a:uuu:cs
u..uuu o.uxcc swc:yn.cuuz sccu lscnw nc:us xc::yuuc:ucc
xcc cxu:u u c:uc:u cncscucsu. ucsyu ccuu :cux:cs.
1cu:yuuz cc:. lOlC yuu.uc., cu: ccu ucxu.wsu.cz u
uy:u, uc cc qux:uccxuu yxcscu:c.. ly:cncs nu nccxxc
uuu..uuxu uscxu uc:ucsu ncc.xu. :ccuc:uccxyu c
z:c..ucc:.. uxc uuucccuuwu `Jcc:c:` ycu cc ncc:uxy .uu.
yxcnu. cuu:cc:. cucu.u ncc.xu:. oc.oy u ycu.u. u..uuu
s c:ucucuuu cc ycncuucc:u. l xucc:sc o.uxuuuux uu ow.u cn
cc.cuw youuc:sc C:u.uuu, swsw sccuuwx usccs, youuc:su y
xcscu:c.cu OIl\ u cucsc:cuucc youuc:sc xc:uucsuuuz scc:u
sccuuw:u cxyu:u CCCl. lc:cc:scuuc, a:u uuucuwc n.uuw u:c.u :u.c uuuccs ow:. sw
nc.ucuuw:u c.uxc:, cuuxc uxc uc:uuwu ux ycncx :uu. s ccoc snc.uc cu..uyu ycy,
nca:c:y .usuw: nucu:c:c: lIO s xcu:uucu:u..ucu lscnc cc:usu.cc. nc:usccuc:suc
ux:usucu uc:u a:uuuu. luscxu cn.uuucsu.u u ccycc:su.u uuxu..uyu cncuuu
nc ncxucuuu ly:cncsu u cc:usxc cc s CCCl .z ncc.cyucc cnccu u cyu. lucnc
c:uucuuuz sccuz c nuuc:ucc:u x ncxucuuu ucu:u OIl\ cucu.u Cxco.uuu zs.zc:cz
cuuocucu, s cuc:su:c..ucc:u cc ccycc:su.u `ynnu uu` {. l. Cccozucxuu. 2
zusuz 10 cu nc suc: nu.uucuuz s nc.uuu .z xcuqucuuu..ucu sc:cu .usy
lOlC sw:uuu.u u c:u, u :u c.cscxu s qc:c quuycxux xuuu:cs cu.cu u:c.xu.u
cc s :uuuuy. lccuu u..ucuuux ccow:uu ucxcz:cz. Ouu y:scxuu:, :c ly:cncsu
swsc.u uu nucxcc s Ccsc:cxuu Ccu, uc sccc .uu. u c:c :u.. c Icsccccuucxu cu
y:c c: cccucc nuc:ynu. :c :u.csccz:uc, nccxc..xy scc scsuusuuccz cc lcc
qc cyu cc cncuu..uw:u nuccuxuu:u u yu:u uscxu sccu uxcu.u s o.uxuuuuu
ccsc:cxuu nc: Occcy, u yx :uxcc suxucc n.cuuuxu, xux .usu lOlC, :c: oc.cc uc nc
sc.u ow ucxy cnc.uu:c..ucc nccxcu cc scc cucc :cc c unuu uu scc:cx. lc
yu: ucncsccuuw: uuuw:, ncc.c qccucsuuucc cnccu nz:c s luuxc ly:cncsu
you.u, u :c.c uc:scu.u s suuuc c xuc.c:cu. Iuuoc.cc xc nuscnccoucu ncc:us.zc:cz
:c:.z sccuz, cc.ucuc xc:ccu cucu. yxc s :uuuuc ncysc:scsu. uc.uucc u ncnw:u.cz
cxuu:. ccnc:us.cuuc, s xcc xc:ccc y:c c: cccucc nuc:ynu u ow. uxcnuu sc scc
c:u cucc u ucu:cs OIl\ s nc:cc:.c luuxu. lux ow :c uu ow.c, oc..uc 4.c:ucc
ncccu:c.z `lcccuucxcc cocscuucxcc ccuu` uux:c xusw: uc suc.. 1uocnw:uc, :c
a:u cncuuz s :ccuuc c.cc sc:cuu cxuuz.uc. uc :c..xc c: cocc:scuucc:u, :c ow.c
snc.uc cc:cc:scuuw:, uc u c: cu:ux cc:yuuxcs ccsc:cxcu ccoccnucucc:u. uxc s ccx
c:uwx u ccscucuuc ccxc:uwx :u:cuu.ux, s uc:ucc:u, s uuuuc: s 1 cy ycouuxc
lll lIl nu C^ CCCl nc uc:cuu cuucs ccyuc:scuucu occnucucc:u CCCl u.u s
cocuuxc lIl 1 u 11 c {c:u:.z `0.c:uc sucuucu uscxu` cnycxu.uc. :c..xc
cc:ccxuwc uu:cxu uu :c, :c ccsc:cxuz uscxu `nuuu:u.u yuc:uc s ccuuuu yc.csuu,
xc:cwc nusc.u x yxcy ly:cncsu c nc.u:uccxcu ucuw`
4
. lu a:c: y:u.usu.cc. c :c:,
:c ncccu:c.. lOlC yuc. uc :c..xc u nc.u:uxu, uc u u xuuu, nuc: occc.cuc.
lc ncc:uuxc: c:u. co.uusuuu :cu.uu: us:cu:c:c: u oc.cc xcuccsu:usuwu c
ucu. l. l. ^u..c, ucc.cuz xc:ccc ncc:cncuuc cuqcsu.u s c:ccuy quuu:u, :c
c:nyusu.c cuux u nus.cxu.c yux. lu uc: ccu ncc.xu. :uuuwc cncuuu, uc yxc
cxccc nc uucuu. Jc: uc :cucc, a:uuuz ncc.xu.u cquuu..uc cc:usu:.cz co1cx:c:
uc:c cuu .z sucuucu uscxu, nccxc..xy yxcscc:sc CCCl uuxux uc :c.c uousu:.cz
c: uuszuscc xcu:uu ucscc s:cxcuuz s c:uuy oc.wx u:uu. l 1 cy nucu
:c:w u:cuu.uc.. I.usuw: co1cx:c: c:u. :cnc. nuowsuuu x a:c:y sc:cuu u Jyuu
s luux usuuu ccncuux u .uuwu su C:u.uuu Jcxuu. Ouuxc uc ncxuu.uc. u
uuoc:xu lOlC, lIO scocsu. scc ucswx ucu:cs, s :c: uc.c csc..uc swccxcncc:us
.cuuwx. Ccu uux uuu.uc. u:uu. lw.cs, owsuuu uuu..uux ucu:yucu uscxu
cccuucxcc cuu:uou cucu. ^cuxcsu u owsuuu ncccu:c.. lwcucc axcuc:uccxcc
ccsc:u s xuouuc:c lccucxcc, u:c: :uuuc: :ccs.u s nusu:c..c:sc lc.uxu s O:cxc
A. I. 1:cuos
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u SA
Jc:.zxcs. lcc.cuuu zs.z.cz ucu:c: OIl\ c 12 cu u cy:c. cxuu:. c:y cccocuuc
suxuwc yc.yu. Iu ccc:su lIO cu cuz. :u xsu:uw s c:c uu u c lc.uc, 2, c
ucnc.uu.uc. u:uoxsu:uu lOlC, u c nc:c.u s:cu:ucsuuuwx cxuc:u:u :uxcqcucs
sn.c:. c 140 cu ncc.yuusu. u unucwsu. scc :u.c:u..cxu suxuwc ccscuuuz u nc
ccscw ccuu. :u cncuuz c:u.u ccucscu .u:cucc c.u `luqc:uuz uuuux ucu`, s
cy..:u:c xc:ccc ow.c nuuz:c cucuuc cxcuu:c..uc yuu:cxu:. oc.yu a:uuuu xux
nc.u:uccxyu u occsyu cu.y. .z a:cc lIO ucnc..csu. csccc ucu:u, xc:uuuu cscuc
c xcuu.cscxcc nc.xu cucu.u I. l. Cxco.uuu {`4c:c`, c 1 cu sc.us.zsucc
s ccuc uunus.cuuc `ccxc:ucu cz:c..ucc:u s 4uu.zuuu`, u u:c: u scu `uucc:uuuyu
xcu:uscxy`. 22 ccu:zoz 1 cu cu nu.ucu. ^u..cu uu sc:cy zxcow c c:uu
cxu:u uscuxu:u. lcccu:c.. lOlC uc ucx.uu. sc:cxucc:. .csyuxu u uu sczxuu
c.yuu cc:usu. uu c:c.c unucxy c cccocuuc: co a:c: nu.uucuuu. lc ncccuuz cxu
u.uc. coccucsuuuw:u, s:cc:c uc:cs cucu.u sc:c:u.u ccsc:cxuc ucu:w. Ouu ycwnu.u
cc x.ccqc:c: u s ccszuuc: zuxc cc:usu.u uu ycsuxc s Ius uu oc: cyuu `^u
uz \..zucsu`, xc:ccc ccuc ncsu.c swyxy, yu.c u nc:u
c `un.c:u:uccxu: yc:` u 2 ccu:zoz nuow.c s 1cuuuu.
Cxco.uu ow. co1zs.cu nc.uucu s cwcx, uc cy:c. yxw:.cz s lc
nuuuu, c, nc ucxc:cw: uuuw:, ncuo nu oc:ouucsxc lu
cc.cuw. lcnu.u sc quuycxyu :u.:y u :u: y:c.u nc:cusuuz
c:y xcuu, uu:cuu:uz ncsuu Iucxu l.csuxuz. 1uocnw:uc, :c
^u..c nccxu. nc:u sccx uuuuu:ccs u cuuuu:ccs csccc
ncxucuuz c: uuxc:u suy:cuuux c. CCCl I. l. lxcsu c usc
ocsusucc Cxco.uuu, u l.csuxyu, u owsucc cqucu l. I. lc
su..cxcc. Icucu.u csc..uc c.c cccxu.u s :u.:c nc u:cuc:
lc:u lucu..csuu lsuucsu u ucc:c.z.u .uu. 11 :uz 1 cu.
lu c.cyuc: ncccu:c.c cucu.c lu:u.csc lOlC qux:uccxu
ncxu:u. cscc cycc:scsuuuc xux cu..uuz cu.u, u sucuuzz usc
xu uuz.uc. ncucxc: ny:cu cocscxusuuuz Jcxcc.
4uuuz :uuucuuc yc.z.u oc..ucc suu:uuuc usu:uu ccxc:uwx c.yxo. Jc.
xc: x a:c:y ncc.yxu.c cc ccxyuu:c..ucc ncuxcuuc s scuuc c lyccucu 10 = 11
ccs, c:uc:u coyc.cs.cuucc n.cxcu ncc:uucsxcu uscxu. l:cuz u:ncuz 1yu Iunc.c
cuu cxuu.uc. s a:c: c:ucucuuu ccscucuuc ucccc:cz:c..ucu, u ncc.c cc xuxu cuu: u
ncswx sccuuwx :ccnuz:uu c:u.c ccucsuuuc 2c {uscwsu:c..ucc ouc cucu..ucc
u:uou, s ccc:usc xc:ccc ow.c ycxcuc uuu:usucccz cncu:usucu uoc:cu c:c.cuuc
c:u:uc:uxu. C.cyucc nc uuu:cc:u sccuc:suc uu cqc:y cuc:c:w sccuucu uscxu
4uuuu cxuu.c ncu..uc uu:cuu:cc `c.c cuqycu`, ncc.c cc :u nucoc.u c:yx
:yy, c xc:ccu scu.u s lcsyu :ucsyu scuuy. 4uuycxuc cncc.yxow s a:c: ncuc
co.uu.u zc: cncuquccxux cu..uwx u c.uowx c:ccu, cycc:scuuc c:.uusuux ux c:
oc..uuuc:su uucc:uuuwx uuu.ccs.
Iccc:ucuuc, cu:cu yuucu co.uc:.u ux cz:c..ucc:u c:u.u uucuscxu, xc:cyu
ccycc:s.z.c uuxcusucccz s ccc:usc sccuucc :uuuc:cc:su luc uuqcs. \xc x 11
cy nc yxcscc:sc: 4uucyu lu:.c cuc ncsu:u.cc. s :cuyu c.yxoy, scusuyu scn
ccu:u uuqcs, cuuqcsuuuz u uucnccxsu:u, :c cxuwsuc: uzuyu u..ucsuucc:.
yxcscc:su c:uuw. Iuxuuyuc scuuw sc scc: :uc .uu. 4uuuz u 1sc:clcuuz cu
uuuucuuc cocccou.u nccouwc ncuc.cuuz, cc:u..uwc xc nusu:c..c:su cc uc cy:c.u
cccuu:. suxucc:. :uxcc uuu. Ouuxc uucuscxcu u cuuqcsuuuc: uuu:u.uc. uc
:c..xc sccuuwc, uc u c:yx:yw :uuuc:cc:s suy:cuuux u uucc:uuuwx c., cxcc:ccuuc
xcuxyucsusuux s a:cu co.uc:u y c yc: u c u:ucu. Ccuuuuz s 10 cy :cx:u
uuc:ccxuz xun:cuquccxuz xc:uccuz uc cy:c.u y.yuu:. xccuuuuu ux ycu.uu uu
scc.:u ncu..ucc zs.cuuz = nc.u:uuuu ccxc:uwx c.yxo u.uuwx scc:c:s u scs.c
cuuz ux s oucxu:uccxuc cuxcuuz s uu:cccux cscux :uuuc:cs. :c uuc:yu nccx
u.c u y:uusuuuc c: xcuxycu:cs suxuwx .z occnucucc:u ccyuc:su csccuuu, u ncoc
xc:nc:c:uyuux :u:cuu.cs uu nc:usuuxcs, u nu:u:usuwu uuu:ux. Oouz ycu
ncc .uc: sucuucc suu co1cuuu.u ccncuuxcs .uu. ucuuc.c u uc nc.ucc:.u. Jc:
uc :cucc, quuycxuz uscxu s ncuc lcscu :ucscu scuuw cc:u.u :uxcu:y:u yc
ncxcs u s.uzuuz, u a:c sc:z nc nusy cu:uc:cz cc `c.c:w: scxc:`. lc:c :cc, u:cuuc
1. 1. Nucy
S Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
quuyw xccuuucsu.u uuqc:uucuuyu u cncu:usuyu uoc:y sccx usccx 1u:uu:w
u cccxu.u s luuxc co1cuucuucc ^cxccuuuccxcc uscwsu:c..ucc ouc. Ouuxc
scxcc ncc.c 11 cu cncc.yxow 4uuuu owc:c nuu.u s ynucx u ncsu:u.uc. s
cowuwc oucxu:uccxuc ycxcuuz, sc :ucc: c:uxusuuc ynucx cu:cu Jc:.cu cc
nyo.uxu s c.c:.
lccuuuz uscxu sxcu.u s cozuuucc:u 2c ouc cucu..ucc u:uou, xcu:u
scxcu scu.c c ouc. Ccoc:scuuwc 2c ouc u:c.u sccuuc:ccxcc :uuuc:cc:sc u
:uuuc:cc:sc usuuuu, uscxcu uuu:u.uc. :uxxc :uuuc:cc:sc uucc:uuuwx c., :u
uuc:cc:sc xc.cuuu u :ucuc yuc nusu:c..c:scuuwc cnu:u:cu:w. l u:xux 2c ouc
cuc:scsu.c cncu:usucc ncuc.cuuc, u:cucsusucccz C.yxocu uscxu {Cl, :uxxc cc
uuucc s 11 cy c yc:c: cnw:u quuxcnyccxcu scuuw. l 1 cy ncc.c cxuuu..ucc
`c.u cuqycu` cc ucqc:ucsu.u, nccus uc:. c:yx:y sc 2c ouc, u xcu:uscxy
= s `Cu:a xcucu..`. lc 2: ouc ncc.c a:cc ow.u coucsuuu ccxuz Cl, c:scusuuz
u sucuuuu ucu:yuccncu:usuyu uoc:y, sccuuyu xcu:uscxy, nccxsu: :c.cqcuuwx
ncccsccs u cu:u.uuuu uuqc:uuu, nc.ycuucu c: yux c.yxo. lcc.c lcscu :u
cscu scuuw C.yxou uscxu s uuu:c..ucu c:cncuu y:u:u.u cscu c.., cc cz:c..ucc:.
cuuuusu.uc. xcu:uscwsu:c..uw:u ucncx:u:u u cocc: uscwsu:c..ucu uuqc:u
uu nc c:xw:w: uc:cuuxu:. Ouuxc :uxcc ucusuucc nc.cxcuuc nc.u.cc. ucc.c.
Oc:usuzc. c:yx:yuw: ncuc.cuuc: 2c ouc cucu..ucc u:uou, Cl ncc:cncuuc cy
:c.u scuy:. ccoc ncxuuc c.. u uucuuc, u :cnc. s cc qyuxuu sucs. sxcu.u coc
uuqc:uuu u u.uuwx, s :c: uc.c ucu:yuwx uc:cuuxcs, xcu:uscxu, nccxsu:
:c.cqcuuwx ncccsccs u uuu.u uucc:uuucu ncucuxu. Cl ow.u s uuu:c..ucu c:cncuu
us:cuc:ucu, u cc yxcscu:c.. u:c. nusc nz:cc cx.uu uuu..uuxy cucu..ucc u:uou.
|cu:u..uwu unnuu: C.yxow uscxu s ucc:u:usuc:wu ncuc u:c. c.cyuyu suy:
cuuuu c:yx:yy.
= 1:uuuc:u:usuwu ccx:c,
= Ic:uucxuu ccx:c,
= lyccxuu ccx:c,
= l:u..zucxuu ccx:c {Ccuc:uc:c.c u l.uxuuu lcc:cx,
= 1u.uucxuu ccx:c {:cu:cuz lu:uucxcu u:ncuu,
= Ccx:c cncu:usucu :cxuuxu,
= Ccxuz `` {nccxsu:w u cuuqcsxy,
= Ccxuz sccuucc cuuzxcuuz {uycuuc sccyxcuuz uucc:uuuwx u:uu u ccc:us
.cuuc cnuscuuxcs nc uu:,
= Ccxuz cu:u.uuuu uscxu, u.u C|l {oc.ou cc unucuuxc: uu co1cx:ux scc
yxcuuwx cu., s :c: uc.c s xcu:ux:c c cuuu:u uxuucxcu xcu:uscxu.
3uyocxuwc cucu:yw Cl ucnc.uu.uc. s c::yuc, cccuc, lc.uuc, luuusc,
C:u:oy.c, lyxucc:c, luccc.c, 1cucuc, luuxuc, lcxuuc, Jzu.uuc u Cuuunyc. lyxc
scu:c.z: C.yxow uscxu nc.uu.cz uu nc.xcsuuxu. C 11 nc 122 c cc sc.us.z.
lysu, c 122 nc 12 c 1cuc, s 12 cy cozuuucc:u uuu..uuxu uscxu ucc.c uc
nc.uz. ^cccu, ncc.c cc cc c:cuu. 1cuu, uuxcusuuucz uu a:c: ncc:y c 12 cu.
Ccouuuwc Cl csccuuz cx.uwsu.uc. 2:y ouc cucu..ucc u:uou, u :uxxc s uc:u, ux
xucusucucz, uunus.z.uc. sc 2c ouc u:uu, q.c:u u usuuuu.
lc:c uuuwx C.yxow uscxu, 2c ouc cuu:uou us.cxu.c uuqc:uuu u cxc
ucsuwx cccocuuu sccuuwx u::uuc, xc:cw:u yxcscu.u cc ccxuz uucc:uuuwx u:uu.
C.cyc: c::c:u:. scc.:u swccxuu ycscu. ncqcccucuu.u:u c.yxusuux :u: cquccs, nc
xcusuux cc.cucc coycuuc u, xux nusu.c, ccu. c:sc:c:scuuc c:uccusuuxcz x cscu: coz
uuucc:z:. l ccxu.cuuu, xux u yuc uuu.cuuwc c.yxow s ucc:u:usuc:wu ncuc, quu
ycxuz uscxu uc u:c.u s cscc: ccc:usc uuqc:uucuucuuu.u:uccxcc ncuc.cuuz, u
cc cscxu s ccucsuc: ncc:us.z.u ccocu uuoc qux:cs oc cc.cucc uuu.uu. lu ux :cuuu
yxcscc:sc sccyxcuuwx cu. u ccyuc:su y:cnu.c s c:u.zx, uc nc.yuz .usucc = ncuc
cs. lc:c :cc, sc 2: ouc c:cy:c:scsu.c ncuc.cuuc, xccuuucsusucc cc cz:c..ucc:.
c uscxcu ^l, :c cc.cuc yxyuu.c u:ccswu cy..:u: uoc:w cocux scc:c:s.
Iuxuucxuz xcu:uscxu sc 4uuuu sc.uu.uc. uu sxcusuyu s cuc:c:y cycoucu
nc.uuu I.usuyu cwcxuyu nc.uuu {`Cu:a xcucu..`. Ouu zs.z.u ccocu ucxyu xc:
ouuuuu nc.u:uccxcu nc.uuu u xcu:uscxu u uoc:u.u snc.uc aqqcx:usuc, cccocuuc
cc c.yxou suy:cuucu uscxu CJ {`uuo.ucuuc u :cu:cuz:u`. Ouu: u uscc:uwx
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u SL
cc:uxcuuu a:cu c.yxow zsu.cz ucc: s cxuoc 12 cu ou:uucxcc uscuxu xunu:u
uu lusuuuu C:auccu, y xc:ccc ow. u1z: cnuccx uuuuu ClC nc cocy uuqc:uuu uu
quuycxux sccuuwx uscux. luuusuuucz ucoc..ucu nc.u:uccxuu cxuuu. uc c:y:u.
ucqu xcu:uscxu 1yu ux.y, ncc.xusucc cxc:u:.cz uu uucc:uuuwx ucu:cs suc
usucu:cc:u c: ux uuucuu..ucu nuuu.cxucc:u.
lc:c CJ, qyuxuu nc uu:c ccyuc:scuucu occnucucc:u ccycc:s.z.u C.yxou
nc.u:uccxcu uscxu {Cll, ccuuuuz uc:c.cuuc ncc.c cxcuuuuz lcscu :ucscu
scuuw s:cc:c cycc:scsusucc lcc:c:su nc xcu:c.u u uucxu:uucxu:u scucxu:u. Cnc
uquxu :wu.cuuz scc:cucc c.cscxu :cocsu.u cccocc ncxcu, u nc uucxucc:u xc.cuu
u..uwc uc:u uuu:c..uc yc:ynu.u cscncucxu:, nca:c:y cc:us.z:. ux oc nuc:c:u ow.c
ucxcsuuuc. l 12 cy a:c scc:c:sc ucnyc:u.u, u s:cc:c ucc s ccc:usc :uuuc:cc:su
xc.cuuu ccu.u C.yxoy xcu:c.z u nc:cu ncxusuuu: sc 4uuuu xu:c.z: xc.cuuu
{l1l. Ouu uc c:uccu.uc. x cncu:usuw: u.u c.cc:scuuw: c:yx:yu:, cquuu..uc cc
ccucsucu uucu zs.z.uc. cxuuuuc nc:cu ncxususuu: uu :cu:cuu :c:cnc.uu xu
:c.z: xc.cuuu, uc s cuc:su:c..ucc:u l1l .usuw: couc: uuuu.u u ncuuxucscuuc:
s ux ccy .cswx ucu u cuuuuuu. l 12 cy s uxusux c.yxow u:c.uc. cc.c uu 10
uco.ucuucxuwx s.c:uu:cs, u.xucs u yux xu:c.cu quuycxux :cu:cuu, cuuxc
xcu:uscwsu:c..uuz cuucc:. uoc:w l1l nux:uccxu usuz.uc. uy.u, nccxc..xy xsu
.uquucsuuuw: unnuu:c: .z oc.ow c uucc:uuuw: unucuuxc: cuu uc ucnc.uu.u.
120c cw cuu:cucsu.uc. uuu:c..uw:u ncsu.u:u s co.uc:u occnucucc:u uuq
cs u xccs quuycxcu u:uu u uccucxu:uw:u xc:nc:c:uuz:u cc:uxcuuu xun:c
uuu.u:uxcs, c:uucsusuuxcz uscc:uw:u nc:uscnc.cxucu c:ccuc. :c uc swwsuc: yus
.cuuz, nccxc..xy cuy ncc.c cxcuuuuz scuuw quuuucucsuuuc u u:u:w uuqcsu..uwx u
cuuqcsu..uwx ncuc.cuuu ow.u uuu:c..uc ccxucuw, u :uxcc ncucocxu:c..ucc
c:ucucuuc cc c:ccuw ccyuc:su uc :c.c uc cocuy:.cz nc.uw: usu.c: uoc:w s cc
c:sc:c:syucu co.uc:u. Iunu:c, s 120 cy u:uu nc.uu.cc. u:c:. sccc 1 sccuuwx
xun:cuqcs, u uu u.uuwx nco.c: ux qux:uccxuz uc.cuucc:. ow.u cc :cu.ucu u
c.cc sc:z uc ncswuu.u 12 c.cscx. Ouu u uuuoc.cc scnuuux c.yucs ncucuc. s
122 cy s lcuy:c, xcu .cuuswu :c.ccu quuycxuu .cu:cuuu: ncnccu. csccc u:u
..zucxcc yu u xc..cy nc:c. c:y uxcucsu:. ccxc:ucc cccocuuc. l 12 cy nc
c:usu:c.. 4uuuu s ^ucxxc s xcc ncccsccs c ynncu ucnuucxux cquccs yxuu. u:
uu cucc u cscux cc:yuuxcs u c:cxc:cucsu. cc xux c.cscxu, xc:cwu u:uc: .z ucc
ux uuqcsxu. lcc.:u yususuuccz c:c.. ucncuz:ucu c:xcscuucc:u ucnuuw uc:c.cuuc
c:cuu.u cscu xcw. lccouwc c.yuu ncucxcu.u uccucxu:uc u s c.cxucu :cxyuuc
ucu coc:uucsxc ow.u scc.:u ucxc:u:u.
. lOlI1 41ll3^1
l ucscc:cxy c: 4uuuu s 120c cw uscuy.uc. uccxuuuuwc u u:c:uc sc:c
scxusuuc lscny ccow:uz. lc:y:u:c.c: cncxcuc:suz c:u.u l:u.uz, sucunuc uuusuuz
ux:usuwc cuc:suz nc nccc:c:y yc:uucs.cuuwx lccu..cxcu cuc:c:cu uuu. Iu luux
cxcu :uucu xcuqccuuu c:uuu qc:u..uc sxcu.u s uc.c cxusncocu:c..uu, cuu
xc scc.c c ucu uux:c uc cu:u.cz. lcu uu c:xuu ycs.c:scu:. :cu:cuu..uwc nc
:cuuu lu:u uu cc 4uy:c {lucxy u:u..zucxuz c.cuuz sc .usc c nc:.cc: lu::cuc
O.uuc c:cuc:u:usuc ncxuuy.u xcuqccuuu, uu a:c ncc:c uc cou:u.u suu:uuuz,
usuc xux ncuucucsu.u u cc ncc.cyuuu yuuxcuuwu scsu:. lcc.c ccxyuu:c..ucc
uc:u u:u..zucxcu u:uu y luncc::c, s cy..:u:c xc:ccc .uu. ccucc s:cuu:c..c
:sc uu.uuu u quuycs cy:c.c ccxuuu:. l:u.uu s uc.c scuuux yuc:uuxcs xcu.uuu,
cu c:xcscuuc ncucocu.u.
Cc.cuwc ncuuuuwc cncw lu:u c lcucu u lc.uc:, uu nc:zxcuuu :ucux .c:
c.yxusuuc uc:cuuxc: uunzxcuucc:u s ux suu:cc:ucucuuzx, cc:cc:scuuw: couc: cn
cc.u.u .usucc uunus.cuuc cc uscwsu:c..ucu ux:usucc:u. C.cyuu:u nc suxucc:u
co1cx:u:u zs.z.uc. xc.cuuu l:u.uu s Ccscucu 1quxc u sccuuc:ccxcc ccncuucc:sc
c 4uuucu s oucccuuc Ccuc:ucc :cz. lu: sccu yc.z. cc.cucc suu:uuuc cscu:
cncc.yxou: u ucnc.uu. uccxc..xu:u cncu:usuw:u c:yx:yu:u, cycc:scuuc ccu
uucsuuuw:u s xcc lcscu :ucscu scuuw. lcc.c cqc:w 11 cu scucxcsuz uscxu
S Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
ow.u ncycuu O:c.y cu:yuuu u occswx cncuuu scxcsucc xc:uucsuuuz, xcu:usc
xu = O:c.y xcu:uscxu u sccuucu nc.uuu, u qyuxuu nc cocy uuqc:uuu s :w.y u
u uuucu u scz ucu:yuuz uscxu sc.uu.uc. uu luscwsu:c..uyu c.yxoy scxcsuc
c xc:uucsuuuz {owsuuu c:c. `l`. Ouu swnc.uz.u :uxxc cozuuucc:u nc.u:uccxcu,
axcuc:uccxcu u uucuscxu, .z cc ucnc.uu.u ncuc.cuuc: uucnccxsu:u u
cuuqcsuuuz, u cc uuquc:yx:yu ccc:cz.u u u:ccuuwx sc.. uuuw ncuqcuu
uwx ouc. l ccu:zoc 11 cu c.yxoy sc.usu. nc.xcsuux Ocuc ^uxc::u, cy:csuuu
ycxu:.cz uu cscc: ncc:y ncc.c sccuucc u uscwsu:c..ucc quucxc y luncc::c ucx.u
u:c..uc nc nuuuc ucc.cc ncowsuuuz uu a:cu c.xucc:u x :c:cu:y uuu.u cuxcuuz.
Icoc..uuc ccoc:scuuwc cncc.yxow u:c.uc. y :uuuc:cc:su suy:cuuux c., y xc:uucsu
uuz sccuuc:ccxux cu. u uxc y ncuuy:u ccsc:u :uuuc:cs. lccouuz uco.cuucc:.
nuscu.u x c:cy:c:suu xccuuuuu uoc:w, ucnw.cuuu xucs u ncc:czuuc:y ccncuu
cc:sy cncc.yxo, .uu. s ucoc..ucu c:cncuu c:zcuuw: cqc:cu 11 cu.
lccucu 11 cu lscny sc:cscxu.u cuc:suz c:zu :z:cxuwx u:u..zucxux sc
cuucc.yxuux nc xc:uucsuuuc: uscc:ucc nca:u Iuoua.c '1uuyuuc. Ou uxsu:u.
ucc.uscxuu nc: 4uy:c {lucxu, uu xc:cwu u:u..zuw ocycncuuc nc:cucsu.u cc sc
sc:z luuxcxcu :uucu xcuqccuuu. Ocu. cxcc ux uc:usu.u you:.cz c::yu, uc axc
:c:uc:cxuc a.c:cu:w s c:uuc ncuz.u, :c ncc:us.cuuwx c.cu :cxuc u uyxuc cousu:.
cz scc:u cc:ynuw:u cncccou:u. 2 :u:u 11 cu .cswu xyuu.uc: u cux:c uc:w
`lcnnc.c 'l:u.uu` lcuu:c ^yccc.uuu ncsc.ucu. uu :u:uuc coucsuuuc quuuc:cxcu
nu:uu u uzsu., :c sc sucuucu nc.u:uxc cc ncsccccucu c..u zs.zc:cz uxsu: cc
ccucu 1.ouuuu. Ouuxc n.uuw quuuc:cs, scxcc c:usuuc ccyuc:scuucu ncu::cu,
ncc:uu.uc. :ucc u..uc. lux ucxcu csuuc u:.zuc, l:u.uz co1zsu.u Ccuc:ucc
:cc `na: uu:I:un` {`uuuu: :cc:`, :c ncyc:u:usu.c usccsuuuc sccuuc:ccxcc
ccncc:su s cucuc u c:uuucsuuuc sc sccx nuocxuwx c:uuux oucccuuu. 4uuuz
c:c:c.u uu a:c cswccxu u, xux :uccc ycc, uc nuuu:u.u scc.c. l, xux u sc :ucux
uuu.cuuwx cu:yuuzx, csc..uc cxcc ucxuz.uc. s csccu o.ucyxcu nc.u:uxc.
lcscuuu..uc quuuc:cxuz nu:uz ow.u scc.:u c.uou u uc:uccuc.cuuu, u, xux uc:c
c.yu.cc., cc usu:uu xccscuuc cncccoc:scsu.u xc::yuuc:w. l 121 cy s ccc:usc lc:uu
:cuu ow.u coucsuuu u:u..zucxuz ccxuz = xc::yuuc:uccxuz nu:uz l:u.uu {lll,
c::zuysuuz c: ccuu.uc:uccxcu nu:uu uc:u.c nuscxcucs u cc.uousuuz cc, c: uc
u:c.u.u sccnc..csu:.cz quuuc:w. l a:c:y :c:cu:y cuu ucnc.uu.u sccc nu.u
:cu:cxux :cc:, uc :ucuc s.uz:c..uwc .uu s nusu:c..c:sc cxw:c cu:nu:uucsu.u u: u
uc.ucuc nccxusu.u, xux ncucc uuuc:cs s Ic:uuuu. :c ncsc.u.c ^yccc.uuu cou
scc:uc. cu..ucu sccyxcuucu cu.cu s suc cqc:ucsuuuwx nc.ysccuuwx c:zcs `cuc
youucuuxcs`. Ic cnyc:z nu zsuc: ncnyc:u:c..c:sc cquuu..uwx s.uc:cu cu ccscuu.
:ux uuwsuc:wu `ncxc uu lu:` u uxsu:u. ucxc:cwc x.ucswc :cxu ccu, s :c: uc.c
cc :c.cqcuuwc c:uuuu. 1:uz u nc.uuz u:c.u scc sc:cxucc:u owc:c ncusu:. :z:cx,
cuuxc xcc.. lux:c::uuyu. lll :u.cyuuc c:xuu.cz cuuxucuucsu:. nu:cucuuc
cu.w. l:cc:c a:cc 2 cx:zoz 122 cu nc cc cxc:y nusu:c..c:sc sc.usu. ^yccc.uuu,
ncc.c cc cncxcuc:suc s cucuc ucc.c nc:u uu c:sc:. c:c.c:uz.
3usc:ucu :c:cu ^yccc.uuu c:u.c sccxcuuc lu:cxcu u:ncuu, nu a:c: suc:
uuuu uc:c cuu cu nc.uu. uucucsusuyu uu:cccw cc c:uuw lccu..cxyu cuc:c:y.
4uuuc:cxuz nu:uz nuc:ynu.u x sccnu:uuuu s :uc.uousc: u:u..zucxc: uucc scuuc
:scuucc u uuc:ynu:c..ucc yxu, u sucuuzz nc.u:uxu ccyuc:su nucoc.u c:xcscuuc
ucccusuwu xuux:c. u.c:uu:cxuu ncxc yc x un.c:u:uu uc:us.z. cc ccscuu:.
uc:wc.u:wc uuu. l 12 cy ^yccc.uuu cuu. sccu:. uunc.ccucscxyu ucu xcu:u
ucu:u..ucc o.cxu nc:us lc.uxcou:uuuu, cuuxc uc sc:c:u. nccxxu u c 124 cu uu
u. co.uxcuuc c ^ccxscu, xc:cuz ow.u uu .uoc:y ccuy, :c: oc.cc c ucc.cuccxu c
sc..uc o.uxu: cxu:c:. Ic yxc ncc.c 1cxuucxcu xcuqccuuu cucu:uuz u:u..zucxcu
un.c:u:uu uscuy.uc. uu 10 uyccs, u ccucsuw: xycc: ow.c nuuuuc co.uxcuuc c
1cucuc: nc:us luuxu. l 12 cy ^yccc.uuu sc:c:u.cz c c:oc.cuc:, ncsc. c uu:
ncccscw, cc:c.c. u ncnw:u.cz uxsu:u:. 1ouccuuuu {qucnuu. lc u:ncu:c cou:u.
cz u nc:c.u x 1uc Iuuu, c xc:ccu l:u.uz ncxu cc cu:u.uc., nca:c:y uu a:c: u
u:u..zucxuu .uc cc.u. su, :c uucc n.cxcc uc u:wu.z., u cc cuc:suz ow.u ncc:c
ucnusu..uc uc:c.xcsuuw. C cccuuw 120x ccs lu: nc:u nccc:u. cxwsu:. ucccus
uwc uu:ccuuz s c:ucucuuu Icc.usuu, u nux:uccxuc uxuu un.c:u:cs ow.u uunus
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u SS
.cuw uu coccnccuuc oyycc uxsu:u a:cu c:uuw. l 12 cy nux: c 1.ouuucu ncsc.u.
l:u.uu sscc:u s c:uuy cscu scucxu .z ccuuuz ycw lc.uy, s c.cyuc: cy ow.
ncnucuu ccsc c yxoc c lcuucu. yc scc n.c:ucc c:wxu. xc..c scxy uu:ccuucu
xc:sw, cucsc:cuuc ccusuz :cuwu sccuuwu q.c:. lu nccxxc lu:uuuu l:u.uz
swsuuy.u ccz:. nyux:cs :cocsuuuu nc Ccuc:uc:y :cu, s ccucsuc: cscusuuccz x
nc:cuuz: nuuu:. cc cc:cuuu s oucccuuc u nu.cuuux x uc:y c:uuux. l 12 cy
u:u..zucxuz ncccu ucscu.u c uccoxcu:cc:u scuuw, u cc cc c ncc:csxu x ucu
c:u.u c:xw:cu cquuu..ucu ncu::cu quuuc:cxcu nu:uu u nusu:c..c:su. 1cccusuuz
sucuuzz u suy:cuuzz nc.u:uxu nc:cocsu.u ccc:sc:c:scuucc cqc:ucsuuuz ccxc:uwx
c.yxo, :c u ow.c ncnucuuc s 12 cy uccxc..xu:u xcc.cscxu:u cxc:u:u.
lcc uuu.cc. c ncus.cuuz cnncuuu. luy:cuuuc nco.c:w c:uccu.uc. x xc:nc:cu
uu ccuuucc s 11 cy u nc:u uc u:cuzsucccz s :ccuuc ncc.cyuux .c: O:c.u
coux u :uuuwx c. nu ccxc:uuu:c Icucu..ucu ucxuu cocc:scuucu occnucucc:u.
Ou ccc:cz. u O:c.cuuz cocc:scuucc nczxu c cu:u..ucu nc.u:uccxcu xu:c:cxcu
u scusucc xcu:uscxcu lucc:uuucc c:c.cuuz. lccc:. .c: cnyc:z x uc:y cousu.u
O:c.cuuc ncwsuwx suxcuuu, xc:cc:y ncuuu.u xu:c:cxy, ccxuu nc.u:uccxux
ccw.cx u Oll1 = coucsuuuyu 2 cxuoz 12 {nc ucxc:cw: yu: uuuw:, s 12
cy cu :uuuyu nc.u:uccxyu nc.uuu, ncscuuu..uc u:cucsusuyucz `Cncuu..ucu
nc.ucucxcu uucncxucu`. Iusuuuc Oll1 uucu cu:uu: uoocsuu:ycu `Ocru xlunzu
rcrccnc unIucnc` {`luc:u:y: uucu u ncus.cuuz uu:uquuuc:cxcc suxcuuz`,
uucu = uoocsuu:ycu `Orunzzuzcnc \clcnuru cr lu lcrccn dcll' 1nIucnc`
{`cocsc..uuz cuuuuuz nc ncus.cuuu uu:uquuuc:cxcc suxcuuz`, uucu = yxc
ccuuw: c.csc: `cny:` {u+:a, uc s cuc:su:c..ucc:u cuc uc cuuu.c uucc xcuxc:
ucc u ow.c cncuu..uc swouuc .z ccuuuz u::ccqcw uucucu u nyuucu uccnc
c.cuucc:u. l 10 cy ^yccc.uuu uuc:yx:ucsu. ccu:c.z u cucc u yxcscu:c.cu
Oll1. `^w c.xuw nccoucsu:. cncuu..uyu uucncxuu nc.uuu s :uuuc:scuuyu, :c
ycc:scuuyu u scccxsu:wsuuyu cuuuuuu. lcc u:u..zuw c.xuw oyy: cxc:uuy:uc
ysc:scsu:., :c cuu uuxcz:cz nc xcu:c.c:, :c uuo.uuc: u uyuc: .u, xc:cwu uux:c
uc c:cxc: couuyxu:.. luxwu u:u..zuc oyc: uuxcu:.cz xux ow ncc xc.c: cyuz,
ncc sy:z yxu:u, c:csw:u cxsu:u:. cc s xuxwu :c:cu:. Icsuz cuuuuuz oyc:
co.uu:. uccuuucuucu s.uc:.u u sc:cxucc:z:u. Ouu c.xuu cxsu:u:. scu c:uuy xux
ycsuuwu uxcu, xux uuu:cxuu cny:. l:cuuc :ux, xux cny:`
4
. c 12 cu cu
uuuuu sc.us.z. Isuc 1c:c, u ncc.c ucc = ^uxc.uuxc.c u C:cquuc, yxc u:csuuu
s ncuucuuu 11 cucu..uwx uucncx:ccs, cxc.c 0 cc:yuuxcs cu:u..ucc unnuu:u
oc.cc uuxcc uuu, 00 cncu:usuwx uoc:uuxcs u :uccuc.cuuyu ucu:yy.
Ccuuuc Oll1 nusc.c x cc.cuc:y u:cucuuu uu u qyuxuu ucnc.uu:c..ucc
cuuu, uucc c:scusucc u coccnccuuc suy:cuucu occnucucc:u cxu:u = cqc:u
csuuucu 1 qcsu.z 12 cu cocsc..ccxcu :u.uuu .z uuucuu..ucu occnucucc:u
{^lCI. Ouu ow.u ccuuu s ccc:sc:c:suu c cucuuc: lc..ucc 4uuuc:cxcc Ccsc:u, c
uuxc zs.z.uc. uc nu:uuuw:, u ccyuc:scuuw: uuc:u:y:c: u sxcu.u s ccc:us sccyxcu
uwx cu. l:u.uu. lwcuu: yxcsczu: cuuc: ^lCI ow.c cc cucu..ucc xc:uucsuuuc,
sc .usc xc:ccc c:cz. uuu..uux .usucc u:uou :u.uuu. c 124 cu qc:u..uw:
.usucxc:uuyuu: cu:u.cz :u.uc c lcuc, cucsc:cuuc c 124 cu sc.us.zsuuu
Icucu..uyu ucxuu cocc:scuucu occnucucc:u. lcc: .usucxc:uuyucc cucu. nc
xuuy. s 12 cy, u s cx:zoc 12 cu cc :cc:c uuz. cu: ^yccc.uuu. cocsc..ccxuz
:u.uuz .z uuucuu..ucu occnucucc:u uc ow.u cuccucu u ccc:cz.u u uccxc..xux
cncuu.uucsuuuwx :u.uuu {^u.uuz :cu:cuu..ucu nc:uscscyuucu coccuw,
^u.uuz occcscu u:u..cuu, c.cucccxuuz :u.uuz, lc:csuz :u.uuz, 1ccuuz
:u.uuz, lc:csc:c.cuquuz :u.uuz, ccxuuz :u.uuz u lcy.zucu :u.uuu. Cnc
uu.uucsuuuwc :u.uuu c:cu.uc. nc :cu:cuu..ucco1cx:csc:y u co1cx:csc:y nuu
unu:, u lcy.zuuz :u.uuz = :c..xc nc :cu:cuu..uc:y. lu qc:ucsuuuu cuu u
c.z.uc. uu 1 cu, sncc.cc:suu nccoucsuuuwx s 4 ynnucsxu, u u:c: cnz:. s cuw.
usucc nuc:uc:uc yc x nux:uxc u :c:uuc.cuu csucc lu:u nc.ucc:.u cxuu.cc.
s cu:yuuu c ^lCI. lc ccucsy ccc:us.z.u .cucuw, c.usuuccz uu xcc:w u cu:yuu.
lcc:cncuuc, nc :cc usu:uz cuucs occnucucc:u l:u.uu, cocsc..ccxuz :u.uuz
.z uuucuu..ucu occnucucc:u y:u:u.u qyuxuu nc:usccuc:suz suy:cuuc:y suy u
ncsu:u.uc. sc scnc:cu:c..uwu uuc:u:y: cy.zuwx sccyxcuuwx cu. c:uuw.
S9 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
luscwsu:c..uyu c.yxoy scxcsucc xc:uucsuuuz l:u.uu x 12 cy nccu:cuc
su.u s Cl^ = C.yxoy sccuucu uscxu. C 121 nc 12 cw cc sc.us.z. nc.xcsuux
luxcsuuc, c xc:cc: y xc..c cc:u.cc. ncxucucc sncu:.cuuc. `1::u.uc luxcsuuc c:u.
uuu..uuxc: Cl^ u s cncc.cuucu c:cncuu nccoucsu. cc, ncc:usus uu cc.uuyu ccuc
sy. Cl^ cozuuu c:y :c:, :c, nyc:us ncuwc xcuu, c:c.u nc:uscc:cz:. scc: ncsu:
ucc:z: quuuc:cxcc suu:u.c:uz. Ic oyyu s ccc:czuuu cxw:. uu:unu:uu x quuu:y,
luxcsuuc swuyxcu ow. s 12 cy cc:usu:. ncc: yxcscu:c.z c.yxow, ncc.c cc .z
ucc uuc:ynu. :zxc.wu ncuc ynuxu u cucuuu, csu uc yuu:cxusuux cc`
4
. ^cxuc
cousu:., :c cc c ncc.c c:c:usxu luxcsuuc uucuc owc:c cxcuu.cz s scuc:c
sccc .c:. l cx:zou 12 cu Cl^ uuu:c..uc ucuuu.uc. u ccc:cz.u yxc u nz:u
c:c.cs, s 12 cy cc nccu.u s nz:cc ncuucuuc uuu..uuxu cucu..ucc u:uou.
^yccc.uuu cnucu.cz c.uuxc: ncuc cuzux s xcc.c yxcscu:c.cu uscxu, nca:c:y
c zusuz 14 cu cuu :cuz.uc. scc.:u uc:c. lu:u..c lu.cqqu {cxuo. 11 = qcsu..
121 cu, 1::u.uc luxcsuuc {qcsu.. 121 = unc.. 12, lu.c luo.cu {:uu 12
= uuu. 12, 1yuxu Jcc..u {uu.. 12 = uuu. 12 u ^uuc lc:c..uuc {uu..
12 = cxuo. 11, scc cuu ow.u nc.xcsuuxu:u. \cu.uz Cl^ s ccucsuc: ccccc
:cusu.uc. uu cucuuu uc:c sccuuwx uu, x nc.u:uccxu: cncuuz: nusu:c..c:sc s
ucc:u:usuc:wu ncuc cc uc cnycxu.c.
4uuuc:cxuz l:u.uz, ocyc.csuc, c:uccu.uc. x uc.y ccyuc:s c ucccusucu u scuuc
:scuucu sucuucu nc.u:uxcu, c.ccsu:c..uc, u cc ccxc:uuz c.yxou :ccc:uccxu c.xuu
ow.u cuc:scsu:. c:c.. xc uuncuc:c. Ic a:cc uc ncucu.c, :c .u nc nuuuc c.uocc:u
xucs, :c .u uu ncucocxcuuz ^yccc.uuu a:u: ucncx:c: sucuucu cz:c..ucc:u. c
nuxcu x yxcscc:sy Cl^ s 14 cy ^uuc lcu::u u:u..zucxuz uscxu s ccucsuc:
cucu:ucsu.uc. uu cowsuuuc sccuuc:ccxux ccxc:cs 4uu
uu uu Ccuc:uc: :cc, :cow xux:c ncyuc:scsu:. s xcuo
.cc:cu:c..ucu cuxc 10x ccs, u :c..xc x 12 cy Cl^
yc:uucsu.u xcu:ux:w c :uxccucxu:u :ccuc:u:u u uuu.u
cc:ccxuc cuuoxu:. ux cyxuc: .z cc:uou.uuuu cu:yuuu
uu lu.xuuux. lc:c :cc, s 12 cy uscxu u:u..zucxcc q.c
:u ncsc.u cuy ccscc: uc cscuc:scuuyu cncc.yxou: uxuu.
Iu scqzx s lu.csuc c 11 cu c:cu:ucsu.cc. uccxc..
xc usc:cscuccxux :cncuwx xu:ccs, xc:cwc s xucc:sc
:cqccs nc.uu.cc. nccu:. Ccouu, c.ccsu:c..uc, Icc.usuu.
l:u.uz sczccxu cuoc:ucsu.u a:y nccuy, u xcu cuu c:u.u
ucuocxucu, :c ncc.c c:cu:uxu sccc sc:cxucc sccyxcuuz
u cocycsuuuz cqucw :ccxcu uscxu co.uu.uc. s xc:
ouuccuw u .uuc co.u.u xuc.c:cu scc :c:u..uccxuc uc:u xc
uo.cu, s cy..:u:c cc ux occsuz nucucc:. cxuu.uc. scc.:u
cc:uu:c..ucu.
luscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou quuuc:cxcu nu:uu ow.u ucoc..ucu u s ccucsuc: coc.yxu
su.u cc ccoc:scuuwc uyxw, xc:z u ucnc.uu.u c:c..uw:u cucu:yu:u uu ^u..:c u s
Jyuucc. 3u:c uscxu ^l nc..csu.uc. ncxcsu:c..c:sc: :uuuc:u uucc:uuuwx c. u
z:z cu:cc ^yccc.uuu Iu.cuc uuuc u nc a:cu nuuuc zs.z.uc. uuuoc.cc aucuucu
u sccx u:u..zucxux cncc.yxo. l cc ux:usc uc.z:cz nccxxu :uxccucxux :ccuc:cs,
:yuuccxux uuucuu.uc:cs, cunc:cxcc xcc.z 4yuu, nc:c. yu: quuuc:cxu: nu:u
z:, s :c: uc.c s Cccuucuuwx l:u:ux 1:cuxu, ncsccuuc :uccucsuuucu ncnuuuw
s Icc.usuu, 1.ouuuu u 1sc:uu, cccxuuuc scusucu uu 7csu:uu ncnc..ucu uuc
c:uuuu u ucnc.uusucccz uu :cu:cuu lcuuu .ucz ncc:csxu yc:uucxux occsuxcs.
lccx uscxu ^l c:.uu.cz cou.uc: usccucuuwx u :ccuc:uccxux uxuu, :c
zsuc swxcu.c u :uuucuuwc u:xu, xuux:cuwc .z uscwsu:c..uwx un.c:u:ucc
xux c.yxo oc..uuuc:su ccyuc:s :uu.
Ouu: u ncsccccuwx co1cx:cs uuu:ccccsuuucc:u sccx oc ucx.ucuuz u:u
..zucxux cncc.yxo zs.z.cc. coucsuuucc s 12 cy ccyuc:sc lu:uxuu, uu uc:cuu
xc:ccc c.cyc: cc:uucsu:.cz uccxc..xc nccoucc. lc ucxcu :cycc:scuuuz ncucc
:scuuuu, luncxuz co.uc:., cc s:ccu nc.csuuw 1c scxu ucyx.cuuc y:uusu.u cscc nc
.u:uccxcc s.uzuuc u ncc:cncuuc x.cuu.uc. x uxu:y. l ccu:zoc 10 cu, ncc.c yxcu u
Nuyuo 1ou::u
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u 9U
lu:u ucxsu:ucsuuuwx :u: quuycxux uc:cu, u:u..zucxuc scucxu cxxynucsu.u cc
u nc.cxu.u xcuc cycc:scsuuuu c:ucuucc s lscnc ccyuc:su. luncxuz co.uc:. uc
c.u c nc.u:uccxcu xu:w :uu, u nunu luu l7 co1zsu. ccoz `u:scuuxc: lu:uxuuu` u
xu:ccuccxu c:xuu.cz ncxuuy:. cscu scc. lcuusuuzcz s lu:c Cuscucxuz uuuc:uz
u nusu:c..c:sc l:u.uu cccuusu.u, :c scuuxuuz xcuqcu:uuz csu:u :cxyuucuw:
cxuuu.c: u nc:ccu ncc:uxu. Occocuuc nyu.u ux snc.uc cu..uuz nccncx:usu ncs:c
cuuz occ:su nunw nc ncxcsu:c..c:sc uucc:uuucc ccyuc:su, xux a:c ncucu.c sc
sc:z csc.uuu 14 cu. lc uocxuuuc un.c:u:uccxcc xuucu u xc:nc:c:uuu
ucscc cxu:u :uxcc usu:uc ccow:uu :cocsu.cc. nccc. .uow:u sc:cxuw:u cncccou
:u. Ouu: u uux c:u.u cuuuuuz nc.ucucxcc uuo.ucuuz u cuc:suz:u nunw u cc
unnuu:u, ncycuuuz cncuu..uc ccuuuc:y ncuc.cuuu u:cxcu nc.uuu nc yxc
scc:sc: xc:uccuu xycnnc ^uuqcuu. l 1 cy s lu:uxuuc yxc cuc:scsu. usc:s
.cuuwu ucu:yuwu unnuu:, s xc:cc:, cuuxc, ncsu.ucsu.u c.yu u :c.xuc uucsuuxu.
lc uuo.ucuuc ow.u sz:w scc swxcw u scu.
lunu u cc cxyxcuuc uu.u c cuc:suzx u:u..zucxcu nc.uuu, uc nc nuuuc
c:cy:c:suz ccoc:scuucu ccxc:ucu c.yxow aqqcx:usuc nc:uscc:cz:. u: uc :c.u. Cy
cc:scsusuuz s ncscu nc.csuuc c:c.c:uz ncuucuuuz c.cu:u: u yocuu:cu: ucu
:yuuz cc:. ucc.u s:cc:c c luncxcu co.uc:.u, u uuxuxuz ucsuz cuc:c:u occnucucc:u cc
uc c:cuu.u. lu:uxuucxuz nc.uuz ow.u xuuuc :u.cuc.cuuu u swnc.uz.u ucx.uu:c..uc
uuu nc quuccxcu cxuuc u nccxuuuu nczxu. luu l7 c:uu.cz us.c. u c.c
xusucucz cu:yuuu xc:. xuxyu:c nc..y u uccucxu:uc ucnc..csu. ucuuqcsuuuwx
u:u..zucxux ucu:cs s xucc:sc xuuu.u .z csccuuz uyxuwx c:y csccuuu c nusu:c..
c:su l:u.uu.
l cu:c: uuu.c 100x ccs, s ncu:uquxu: 1.su 7, lu:uxuu scc xc ncnuuz. nc
nw:xy cuuucsu:. ccoc:scuuyu ccxc:uyu c.yxoy. l a:c: ncuc suy:u xu:c.uccxcu
cxsu u.u oc.ou :cxy :ccuuc:u:u u :uuucuu.uc:u:u, uu sc.uc xc:ccu scu.u
scu ncsuuuu..ucc cszcuuuxu u \:ouu \:oc:c lcuuuu, uuzsucc ncc: u:cc:u
:c.z ccyuc:scuucc ccxc:uz u uccquuu..ucc ncccccxc:uz Csz:cuucc ncc:c.u.
Ccuuuuz u: ccxc:uuz c.yxou uc u:c.u uu uusuuuz, uu c:yx:yw u quuuucucsu.uc.
u c:c:w ccyuc:scuucc ccxc:uz xuuuu.u ^cu c.. lu.u. lcuuuu ucnc..csu. :c
xc :c:cw, :c u scc csc:cxuc uscwsu:c..uwc u xcu:uscwsu:c..uwc cuuuuuu uu
yocxc scxcs, u u:cuuc ucu:yy, uuyxucc uuo.ucuuc, nccxsu: u nc.uc:uuu xc
ccncucuuu. lyxcscu:c.. uscxu uc ucnc.uu. cu:u..uw: unnuu:c: u u:xuy. uu
ccoz scc a:unw cocu, couoc:xu u uccw.xu uuqc:uuu, uuuuuz c scocscx ucu:yw
u uxuuusuz ccc:us.cuuc: uuu.u:uccxux coccs u csccx. 1cu:u:u lcuuuu ow.u s cc
ucsuc: cszcuuuxu, cc:uuuuc:w u ucxc:cwc nuxcxuuc, uc scxcc cu ucuuu. cscu
scocscuyu ouy, cou:us suu:uuuc :uxxc uu u:u..zucxux uucsuuxcs u nc.ucucxux. l:y
o.ucsc.u.u xuuuu. c.. lu. u cu: nunu. Icc:c:z uu :u:c..uyu xcucnuuuu, c.yxu c
uc.ucucu cz:c..ucc:u u:cc:u:c.z ccyuc:scuucc ccxc:uz uuu.u ucncc:uuz:.cz u
swsu.u uc:u.cc uuxcuuc u ucycsc..c:suc, cccocuuc s xyux :ccuuc:cs. Ocucsuw:
co1cx:c: uuu:ccccsuuucc:u ccxc:ucu c.yxow zs.z.uc. cxcsuwc c.u, cuuxc uucu
cc ucu:w cc:us.z.u u nc.u:uccxyu uuqc:uuu, uc sccc nc l:u.uu. Jc: uccxuuu
ucc .z ucnccszcuuwx c:u. sucunuwu nccsc 4.c:ucc .usucc uscuxu lu:uxuuu s
lc..cuu uncc:c..cxux nc:cuc:uucs, c y:u:usuuc cncccoucc:. x xuxcu.uoc nc.cucu
cz:c..ucc:u ncc:uc.wc cszcuucc.yxu:c.u xcc:u.u ncc.cuuc c:nycuuwc u: cw.
:c: uxuuuwu uuc:u:y: ccxuuz.cz s cu.y usuux :uuuu, u .cuw xc..cuu, cxc :c
.cxc 0 .c:, uc ucc.u uuxuxux cozuuucc:cu u uc u:c.u uuxuxux nus, usuc xux u sccoc
xcuxc:uwx uu. Oou:u:c.u lu:uxuuu c:cu.u u.uuwc unc:cw c:uccu:c..uc nuuu
nucuuz lcuuuu u s ccucsuc: cxcu.uc. uu :c:, :c owsuuu cszcuuux u \:ouu u
.uuuc ys.cxcz unucuuxc: u uoccu. un.c:u:uccxuc cozuuucc:u u:cc:u:c.z ccyuc
:scuucc ccxc:uz, c: xc:cwx cc uux:c uc ccscocxu.. Icxc:cwc cu:u.u, :c n.u:cu
uwu nuscxcuc :uuucuu.u:u cxuu.cz cccy xuucuuccxu: u, cc.ucuc uscc:ucu
nccscxc, s oyxsu..uc: c:wc.c `nw:u.cz c:u:. oc..uu: xu:c.uxc:, c: nunu u:cxuu`.
l .uoc: c.yuc, ncc.c ucc.cc cocyxcuuz a:cu :c:w :ucuc yscu.uc. s :c:, :c s:cc:c
c ucco1zcuu:cu xucscu nccc:uucsxcu yu.u s ncu.cc u `:cucsuz` ccxc:uuz c.yxou
lu:uxuuu. lcc: u:cc:u:c.z ccyuc:scuucc ccxc:uz nc cswuuuw: scnccu: uuz.
:cucuu.c yxcuuc luc..u.
9J Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
l cu..ucc:u xc c.u coc:cz.u ccscucuuc uuuc. lcuuuu cuc:su:c..uc ow. nccy
xcu ccxc:uw:u cozuuucc:z:u u uc ycncsu. swnc.uz:. cscu :uuucuuwc un.c:u:ucc
xuc cozuuucc:u, uc swscw u a:cc ow.u cc.uuw uuwc. Ou cu: nc.cxu. you:. ccoz
c un.c:u:uccxcc ncc:u u ucuu:. ccccc:cu:.cz uu uscwsu:c..ucu uoc:c, :c
cucsc:cuuc ncsc.z.c u:ucxucsu:. cc ncc.xcuuc. I.usu ccxc:ucu c.yxow nc.yu.
ccocuuc ccccxc:uz, cc.ucusucccz swn.uusu:. c:y uu ucsc: :cc:c 000 .u s c
s:cc:c ncxuux 100, u :uxxc cxc:cczuc cous.z:. x a:cu cy::c uccxc..xc cc:cu .u
uu cncu:usuwc ucxcw
0
. l c ucscc xcucnuu:usucc uccu uu u:z `cuc Iu:yc..u`
ucu:w ncncxuc:y ncc.xu.u nc.yu:. uuc:yxuu u yxuuuuz. Ouuxc ucc:w lcuuuu
ow.u cncxuuy:w zc: uc y:cuuwx u: coc:cz:c..c:s. lcxc sccc, ncc.c cc:us.cuuz
ncc:u u:cc:u:c.z ccyuc:scuucc ccxc:uz cu y:u:u. :ucuc uccoxcu:wc s usc
wsu:c..ucu uoc:c .cu..uwc sc:cxucc:u, :c cxc cc.uou.c ncuuu cc c.yxow sc
sucuuc: :uc. Ccoc:scuuc, c.yxou xux :uxcsuz s cuc:su:c..ucc:u u uc cycc:scsu.u, nc
cxc..xy lcuuuu uc ucnc.uu. cu:u..uw: unnuu:c:, u ccscuu. scc cuc:suz s cuucxy
u qux:uccxu zs.z.cz uc uuu..uuxc:, u ncc:c cuuc:scuuw: cqucc: uscxu. Icsuz
uoc:u s lc..cuu uncc:c..cxux nc:cuc:uucs nccc:usu.u c:y uuu:c..uyu cscocy, uc
cucsc:cuuc u .uuu.u sc:cxucc:u uunus.z:. unccw uyuuz: u uncc:c..cxu: c.cu
:u: lu:uxuuu. Jcnc. scc un.c:u:w ow.u ccscucuuc sc..uw c:scu:. uu cc nuc.:u u.u
xc uucucsu:. ux. lc:c :cc, ynnu sc:cscxcuuwx cuc:suz:u cuuuuuu lcuuuu
oc..uucxux u c:uucxux cszcuuuxcs ncnuuz.u ccoc:scuucc uc.ucucc ucc.ccsuuuc
u c:c.u ucuuqcsu:. ucxc:cwx u cc ucu:cs. lcxcsu:c..c:scsusuuu uscuxy cc
ccxc:u. xuuuu. ^cu c.. lu. ncxuuy. cscu ncc:, u cc ncc:uux l.c:c Iucnuu cc
scucuuc uc uc.z. ys.ccuuz csccc ncucc:scuuuxu :uuuw:u cncuuz:u. u u ucswu
nunu luu l7, uc ncuu:usuuu suxucc:u uscxu, ucsyc:wc.cuuc uzsu. s usyc:c 114
cu co cxcuuuuu ancxu :uuucu un.c:u:uu. C a:cc u uuu.cz uxu: yxcscu:cu lcuuuu
cuuuuuu, co c:cy:c:suu xc:ccu sncc.cc:suu s lu:uxuuc cc uc u ncxu.cu:.
lwc:c .uuusuuucz s.uzuuz uncc:c..cxuu nc:cuc:uuu yncuc ncc.xu. cscu
:uuuyu scuuy nc:us :ccuu:u u .uocu.u:u, uc ncuzs, :c cxcs. yxc ncxu:u.u
occ:.cz c a:u:u sy:z :ccuuz:u suy:u ccoz. Cc cxyuw:u ccc:su:u cu :uuuuxu..uc
nw:u.cz swscc:u cscu ccc:czsuyu .uu. u ucc cu:cc uscwsu:c..uyu c.yxoy uu yc
scu. uuu.cuuwx cuuuuuu scyux ccyuc:s :uu. lcuuuu uuoc:u. ucxc:cwc
uu:cccuwc ucsucc:su s uscwsu:c..ucu :cxuuxc u cuc:c:ux occnucucc:u, uunu:c,
csc:cysc:su:c..uyu oy:uy .z sccuuz uxw:cu nccnucxu. lu uccuuxucuucsuuuc:
cc:ync x cxy:cu:u: cuu uc:c.cuuc ucscusu.uc., :c cucsc:cuuc u yxuwsu.c uu
xc:nc:c:uuu :u:cuu.cs, u cc:u:cuc uucxuc ucx.uu.c y:cxy uuqc:uuu nc a:c:y
xuuu.y. Ouuxc :cxuuccxuc yxucuuz uc :c.u xc:ncucucsu:. c:cy:c:suc c.xucu cu
uuuuu u uccc:u:cucc quuuucucsuuuc uscxu. l 114 cy lcuuuu ncsu:u.cz nc:u
s nuuucuxu, xc:cc:y scc :ccu.uc. uxcucnuucsuuuwc suu u ucscw, cu c:u.
ucxu: nccouc: oyycc yxcscu:c.z xcu:uscxu |l\ u.:cuu, xc:z u uuu:c..
uc :cucc uscc:uw:. l cscucuuc sccc s cxcsuwx xyux uuu.u uxy.ucsu:. c.yxu c
uoc:c `cuc Iu:yc..u` nc:us Ic:uuuu nc uuuuu yccxcu uscxu, :c, cxccc scc
c, zs.z.cc. ncnw:xcu xc:nc:c:uuu cc c:ccuw cc sucs. Ouuxc cucsc:cuuc uuu.u
scxwsu:.cz u cu..uwc anucw cz:c..ucc:u ccxc:ucu cuuuuuu lu:uxuuu. l :u:c
11 cu cux:c uc:w `uccc..cq Juco.u::` 7uuu luyscu.c uzsu. cxxynuu
cuuw: s.uc:z: s lc..uu c uu.uuu y ucc cxuu:c..c:s cycc:scsuuuz ucscu nc:us
Ic:uuuu, cuuucsuuucc xu:c.uxu:u u unucuu:u nc cou: yxcscc:sc: \:oc:c lc
uuuu. l xucc:sc cucc u ccucsuwx ucu:cs a:cu cc:u ow. uusuu uscxu: u Icu:u lcuxxc.
1 :uz sccuuuz nc.uuz cc:usu.u cc x c.ccsu:c.u .z cnccu, c:uccu:c..uc xcu u
cy..:u:cs xc:ccc u:cu:cz c:uucxuz u xu:c.uccxuz sccuu. l lu:uxuuc y:scxu.u,
:c uscxu: nccxusu. csz. c lcuuuu ucx.uu:c..uc nc cxcsuw: scnccu:, u c cc uc
cycc:syuux unucucxux c:u.zx uccxuu. nc y.c: csc..scu. lcuxxc u s cu:c: c.c
zs.z.cz suxucuuu: ucu:c: lu:uxuuu u cxuu. a:c swucu nc.uuu s c.zx cu:cccxu
ucuuz xccscu xuuu. Ic:w xc uzs.z.u, :c uscxu:, uunc:us, c c:csucc:.u u cxc:uc
ucxw. cscu csz. c uscxcu Csz:cuucc ncc:c.u, cuc:scsusucu s uuuc: c.yuc nc
nuxw:uc: ncc:usucu xc:nuuuu `Ccu.u:uy: luuuy:`, u uccxuu. c xcu:ux:ux c lc
uuuu u ucxu: oucuc: Ccu:xcqqc:, ncnc.cxu:c..uc yccxu: ucu:c:. Icusucu:c c:
sccuu ccow:uu, ccxc:uuz c.yxou lu:uxuuu nc.yu.u cc.cucuuuu yu. lcuuuu uc ncc:c
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u 92
y:u:u. suxucuucc ucu:u = cxuu.uc. ucxcucnuucsuuuw:u :ucuc c:u.u cc uoc:w,
u nc:cx cxyxusuuu uncc:c..cxcc nc:cuc:uuz ccc. `.cc cuuz lu:uxuuu`. lcc:c
ncuuc cu cscuy. cz:c..ucc:. u oyxsu..uc xuuy. s ucow:uc s:cc:c cc csccu c.yxocu.
lunu u:cxuu u cc ccyuc:scuuwu ccxc:uuu: s cuc:su:c..ucc:u uc ucnc.uu.u
scccycu u sccuuucu ccxc:ucu c.yxocu, c xc:ccu uu nc:zxcuuu ccz:u.c:uu sc.cc.
c:c..xc ucsccs. lcyc.csuc, Csz:cuuuu ncc:c. ucnc.uu. cuc:c:cu nc.ycuuz uuqc
:uuu, cuuxc s uuu.c 20c scxu cuu c:uu.u zc: cc.cuwx u1zucs. lcxc sccc,
s lu:uxuuc, u ucx.ucuuc: cuuuuuu lcuuuu, uc ow.c uscwsu:c..ucu c.yxow xux
:uxcscu, nca:c:y cowsuc:wc csccuuz uccu.u ucx.uu:c..uc c:xw:wu xuux:c. lu:c
.uccxuz cxcs. zs.z.uc. scc.:u usc:s.cuucu cuuuuucu, u, uu ncswu s.z, ccu:.
uc.cu..uwc cc:u cu ow.c uuu:c..uc ncc, c: .uoc:y ccyuc:sy. Jc: uc :cucc, uu
nux:uxc a:cc uc ncucxcu.c. lcxc sccc, cncu uscxu uu .cu..uwc cuuuuuu
nux:uccxu ucx.uu.uc.. luncxuc uyuuu ow.u uxxcu:csuuw .uu. s ucoc..uc: uc.c
c:c.u cscncucxux u .u:uucu:cuxuucxux xu:c.uccxux ccyuc:s, .z c.. s :ucscu
nc.u:uxc uuc:yu ow.u uu:cxucu. l :uxux suxuwx c:uuux xux lc.uxcou:uuuz, Ic
:uuuz, lcccuz u.u 4uuuz, un.c:u:uccxuc ncc:usu:c.u lu:uxuuu c:cy:c:scsu.u. l
ucxc:cwx c.yuzx nunu c:c:u.cz sccnc.uu:. a:c ynycuuc uunus.cuuc: :ux uuwsuc:wx
uncc:c..cxux c.cuuu, cuuxc cuu uc u:c.u un.c:u:uccxcc c:u:ycu u :c.u uuu:u:.cz
ucx.uu:c..uc c.u:u :cc:ucu xu:c.uccxcu cxsu, :c cc:. s nc.u:uccxc: c:ucucuuu
ux cuucc:. cscu.uc. x uy.u. 1..:cuu:uscu nc.ycuuu uuqc:uuu c: uyuucs u xcu
cy.cs zs.z.cc. ucnc..csuuuc uxucnucxcncs, cnucxcncs u ncuucuuwx u: cszcuuuxcs,
uc ncqcccucuu..uwx un.c:u:cs cuu u:cuu:. uc :c.u. lc:cc:scuuc, :c uux:c u uux uc
u:c. ucu:yw, u csccuuz s lu:uxuu :c.u ncc:ynu:. :c..xc u c:xw:wx uc:cuuxcs u.u
c: xcuqucuuu..uwx xcu:ux:cs, uc a:c zs.zc:cz yxc uc uscxcu, u cuu: u ucncx:cs
un.c:u:uu. lc:c :cc, c 12 cu ccyuc:su lu:uxuu uc cycc:scsu.c, nca:c:y un
.c:u:uccxuc c:ucucuuz uxc c uxxcu:csusuu:u y ccoz nuncxux uyuucs ccyuc:su:u
ow.u, cxccc, quxy..:u:usuw:u.
lccuc.cuuwc nco.c:w cc cocc: uuqc:uuu cnc.uz.uc. :yucc:z:u s cc c
c:usxc nc uuuucuuu. cz:c..ucc:. .uocu ccxc:ucu c.yxow ucsc:cxuu oc owc:c
cuc:syuux u uucxuwx xuuu.cs cszu, xc:cw:u lu:uxuu s ucc:u:usuc:wu ncuc uc
ucnc.uu.. lcu sxczyu u ucxczyu xcccncucuuu Csz:cuucc ncc:c.u nc.uc
:ucsu.u u:u..zucxuc s.uc:u, u uuqw ncscu.uc. cuc:c:u:uccxu: u uc:c ycncuuw:
u:uxu: cc c:ccuw xun:cuuu.u:uxcs u.uuwx ccyuc:s. luqc:uuz cuu:u.uc. :uxxc
c ncxcusuux cc u:u..zucxyu :cu:cuu :c.cuquwx u :c.cqcuuwx .uuuu. lcc yxu
uuuwc qux:cw nc.ucc:.u ucx.uu.u sc:cxucc:. uu.uuz y xu:c.uccxcu cxsu xuxcu
.uoc cuuuuuu, cncccoucu cu:u:.cz uxc un.c:u:uccxcu uscwsu:c..ucu c.yxocu,
uc cscz yxc c uc.cu..uwx cncuuzx.
lu:uxuu ncc:czuuc c:c:u.cz scuy:. y:ucuuyu s 10 cy ccyuc:scuucc:., xc:z
cc yxcscc:sc u cccuusu.c y:cnuucc:. ucc:cs uu cc sccc:uucs.cuuc s ncxuux ncc
.ux. lcc:cncuucc suxcuuc s a:c: uunus.cuuu suuu.c nusc.c x nuuuuuu a.c:cu:cs
cc ucusucu:cc:u s 12 cy lc..ucu, u s 12 cy = 1u:scu u ly:wuucu. lu:uc: nc
:xucscuuz ncncxuc:y cc:usu.uc. ncuuz l:u.uu, c: xc:ccu, s xcucuc: cc:c, usucc.c
cxcuu:c..ucc cucuuc a:cc scnccu. l.uu x uc:y uuxcu.uc. s yxux uscc:ucc cscu:
uu:ux.cuxu.u:c: ^yccc.uuu, xc:cwu, cuuxc, scc.:u uyxu.cz s nccxxc cxsu .z
ynccuuz us:cu:c:u quuuc:cxcc suxcuuz. lcccc ncc:cncuucc su:uxuucu:u..zucxc
c co.uxcuuz uuu.cz cc s cccuuc 120x ccs u yscuu.cz ux.ucuuc: {2 uu.z
12 cu 1u:cuucxux cc.uucuuu. l ccc:sc:c:suu c ncnucuuuw:u ^yccc.uuu u xuuuu
.c: Iucnuu cxy:cu:u:u, Csz:cuuuu ncc:c. nc.yu. c:u:yc ccuccyuc:su, ncc.w
xc:ccc ow.u cuuucuw n.cu.u s 44 cx:uu, u :uxxc uccucu cucuucu nunw
u:xc: Iuuc..qc u 20 scu:u s lu:c. Oucsc:cuuc c:ccuw ncnucu.u xcuxcu:,
cy.uyuuu suu:cc:ucucuuz cxsu u u:u..zucxcc ccyuc:su, u ncyc:u:ususuuu
swn.u:y lu:uxuuy xc:ncucuuu u ccow:uz 10 cu s u:cc 1 :u..ucuu 0 :wcz .u,
:c nc xycy 12 cu ccc:us.z.c 0 :wcz c..ucs Cl1. Ouuxc ncc.c scsucuuz Csz
:cuuc:y ncc:c.y ccyuc:scuucc:u ^yccc.uuu cc. uccoxcu:w: ncxu:u:. suxcuuc
s cc c:ccuy u ucnczu.cz ux:usuucsu:. ucu:yuyu uuoc:xy xu:c.uccxcu cxsu.
Iu a:c: uunus.cuuu uoc:u.u xux nc.uuz, :ux u Cl^, cccocuuc ncycncsuuz s nuco
93 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
c:cuuu ucu:yw s uxusux lu:uxuuu. Ic cxcsuuz ccu ow.u uuc:c..xc :cuc.u:ucu, :c
scc ucu:w u:u..zucxcu uscxu scocsu.uc. s ccc :.uuux c.yxuux, xyuu.uc:cs u
c.y, u scocscuwc ncxcw x xuuuu.u:, cnucxcnu: u c.yxuu: swccxcc uuu ow.u
uscc:c coccuw uu ncsu. u nca:c:y uxc uc ncnuuu:u.uc.. luuc:scuuw: ucx.u
cuuc: zs.z.cz ncccccxc:u. lu:uxuuu uuxc lyu, cu:wu suxuwu ucu: u:u..zucxcu
nc.uuu {``, uscocsuuuwu s 12 cy .uuc uuu..uuxc: nc.uuu 1:yc luuuu.
:c: qux: nc.yu. ucxc:cyu c.ucxy uu ycsuc c.yxcs, uc ncxcsu:c..c:scsusuuu lyu
ccyuc:scuuwu ccxc:u. xuuuu. Iucnuu u ucxc:cwc yuc cszcuucc.yxu:c.u sw
ccxcc uuu ncccxu.u ux. Cycc:syc: sccuz, cc.ucuc xc:ccu scocsxy ncccccxc:uz
cuuxucuucsu. cu: nunu, :cow u:c:. xuuu. .z uccquuu..ucc csccuuz c u:u..zucxux
s.uc:cu uyxucu uuqc:uuu. Cl^ u:c.u uu a:c: uunus.cuuu cc uccxc..xux xynuwx
ucu:cs. c.yxucc uuqcsu..ucc ouc ccyuc:scuucc ccxc:uuu:u lu:cuuu {scocs
xu s 12 cy, ysc..ucuuc s 11 cy, c:uucc cqucu su:uxuucxcu nc.uuu xcsuuuu
4uuc {scocsxu s 12 cy, ysc..ucuuc s 142 cy u xyuu.uc:u luxu.uc Cxu::c.u
uu. :c: ncc.cuuu cxuu.cz uscc:uw: usuu:uuc:c: u s cw l:ccu :ucscu scuuw c:u.
cuu: u uuuoc.cc ycncuuwx qu..cuquxu:ccs uscwsu:c..ucu uuqc:uuu.
Cl^ ow.u cccoc uuu:ccccsuuu s nucoc:cuuu uc:cuuxcs s cxyxcuuu xuuuu.u
^uuc.z 'ouu.u, xc:ccc cuuocuc nc.uu.u yxcscu:c.c: xynucu uc.cu..ucu cc:u,
uoc:uucu uu lcc:cxc s nc..y 4uuuu. Ouuxc uu succuuc, uu scocsxu ucu:cs s
usucu c:cncuu uc yu.uc.. Iccxc..xc oc.cc yuuc coc:cz.u c.u s ucu:yuc: nuxw:uu
lcucuuu ncnuuuw scw. lc ucnc.uu:c..ucc ccxc:uz |c..c lcuc:uu:uuu ccscu.
ucu: nc.uuu xyuu.uc: Jc::uc 1uc lcu, cucsc:cuuc uuou:wsusuuu :ux
xc uscc:ucc cxcsucc uu:c..cx:yu.u u ccucsu:c.z lu:c.uccxcc yuusccu:c:u ^u.uuu
1cc:uu.c xc:c..u.
C.cyc: c::c:u:., :c scxcc ncc.c cxcuuuuz lcscu :ucscu scuuw lu:uxuu nc
nuuz. uc.ucuyu ncnw:xy axcnuucuu uu lcc:cx u uunusu. s ucxc:cwc c:uuw, s uc:ucc
:u, s CCCl :uuuwc xu:c.uccxuc :uccuu. l cnc.ucuuc x a:c:y ncc:usu:c.u nunw sc.u s
^ccxsc ncccscw c cccuc:suu :cxyuucuc:y nuuuuuu ccsc:cxcc nusu:c..c:su s
co:cu uu ncsc.cuuc c:xw:c ncncsccsu:. s CCCl. Ouu uxcuu.uc. ccscucuuc occ
y..:u:uc, u nunu scc.c coy:wsu. n.uu uc.cu..ucu uoccxu cszcuuuxcs s Ccsc:cxuu
Ccu, :c .uuuuu u csuc:c..c:syc: c nc.uc: c:cy:c:suu y ucc uu.uxcuucu cuc:c:w
uuqc:uuu c cu..uc: nc.cxcuuu s uucc:uuuwx ccyuc:sux. Icc.uu ncuc ncnw
:cx co.uxcuuz lu:uxuuu u ^ccxsw uxcuu.cz, uc Csz:cuuuu ncc:c. uc.u. CCCl ccu
uuuoc.cc nccncx:usuwx c:uu .z ucncc:uucuuz xu:c.uu:u. l uuuc 12 cu luu
l7 coucsu. lc:uccuu nc lcccuu sc .usc c :uxw ncccusuu: Ccsc:cxuu Ccu xuu
uu.c: 'ouu.u, u s 12 cy c:xw. xc..cx `lyccuxy:` .z ncc:csxu cszcuuuxcs
x :uccucuccxcu uoc:c uu lcc:cxc. :c ycoucc usccuuc s :ccuuc :ucux ccz:u.c:uu
cu:u.cc. s CCCl unucucxu: cu:c:, xc:z s cuc:su:c..ucc:u uc u:c.c x uscxc uuxu
xcc c:ucucuuz. Ccsc:cxcc yxcscc:sc u cuuw ccoccnucucc:u ow.u uocc.u:uc yocx
cuw s xuuucu cnucucc:u xu:c.uccxcu cxsu .z nuszcc cxu:u u nc.uu.u cc uc
ncc:c ucc.cuccxu: nc:usuuxc:, uc uxc s oc..ucu c:cncuu ncwsucu cuuuuucu,
c:uszcu ncc ccocu unucucxuc u :ccuc:uccxuc uuu. {2 qcsu.z 10 cu
luu l7 ncuucc c., ccyxusuyu ncc.ccsuuuz scyuux s Ccsc:cxc: Ccuc, xc:cuz
uc:c.cuuc ow.u sccnuuz:u s ^ccxsc xux nuws x xcc:csc:y ncxcy nc:us Ccsc:cxcc
ccyuc:su. l cy..:u:c lIO OIl\ nc.yu. yxuuuuz ux:usuucsu:. uuoc:xy lu:uxu
uu, s xc:cc: uu nc:zxcuuu ncucc:syuux .c: uc u:c. uu cucc uc:cuuxu.
Ouuxc uoc:u nc a:c:y uunus.cuuu uuu.uc. uuu:c..uc ncucc, c: nc u:u..
zucxc:y ccyuc:sy. l 124 cy nusu:c..c:sc l:u.uu cquuu..uc nuuu.c Ccsc:cxuu
Ccu u co:cuz.cc. c uu:u un.c:u:uccxu:u ncc:usu:c.z:u. lccouwc ux:w sccu cc
scucuuc c:uuu:uc ccncscxu.uc. c:xw:uc: cucu:yw sucuucu uscxu s c:c.uc
nuuusucc CCCl ccyuc:su. Ic c:u. ucx.ucuuc: u a:cc nusu.u u lu:. s 124 cy
lIO c:xw. :u: `.cu..uyu` uuu:cxy sc .usc c I. l. lu:uucxu:. l nucoc:cuuu
ucu:yw ux:usuc yuc:scsu. uoc:uux nc.ncc:su u:u..zuc 1..qcc 1.cc::u, cszuu
uwu c yccxcu uscxcu cc c ccsc.uucuucc ncucu. C cc ncuu ow. nucoc:cu
cuu u cu:wx cy..:u:usuwx uc:cuuxcs sucuucu uscxu 120x ccs, c.yxuuu ou
:uucxcc nccc..c:su s lu:c 4uuccxc lcuc:uu:uuu {1, `yuxuu`, `1au.`, cuuoxus
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u 9A
uuu CCCl uuqc:uucu u 4cuu cquc u nccc..c:su. lccc:us.zc:wc u: cxy:cu:u..
uwc :u:cuu.w xucu.uc. cc:ucc xyu scncccs sucuucu nc.u:uxu u c.yxu.u uucxuw:
nccnc.c: s un.c:u:uccxcu cz:c..ucc:u Ill, u co1c: ux ow. scc.:u uuu:c.cu.
Jux, :c..xc s 12 cy u uunus.cuuwx s |cu: 140 :u:cuu.cs cucu:yw, 4 nc
cc:usu. `yuxuu`
1
. l ccuc: cxcucc..uc cu nccusu. cxc.c 10 .uc:cs, cccxuuuc
xc:cwx cxsu:wsu.c nccnucxy ou:uucxcc nccc..c:su c 4cuu cquc, ucxc:cwc uuqw u
xcw, nccxsucuuwc uu.uuuu:u cxy:cu:w u co.uc:u nc..cxcc:uucxux u zncucc
:uucxux c:ucucuuu, ccuxu ^l, cx.uw uxxcu:csuuuwx s c:c.uux sc.uxux cxus
ou:uucxux ncc.cs, nc:cxc.w ccxc:uwx ccscuuuu u uuq:c.cu::w. l 12 cy 1.c
c::u ow. ucc:csuu u nucsccu x nz:u cu: :uc:ucc ux.ucuuz u ncnw:xy scocs
xu uxuuuuu 4uuuu, uc uuxcc uc swu., u uu uoc:c uuu:cxu lIO a:c uuxux uc
c:uu.cc.. C:cuusuuu lu:uucxcc ucswu cucu: 1. 1. luuu ncuoc:u. uu a:c: ncc:y
c 12 cu u ow. c:csuu s ^ccxsy, ncc.c cc uoc:u c `yuxuuc:` sc:cuuc nucc:uuc
su.uc.. Ouu sccoucsu.uc. :c..xc c nuow:uc: ucscc cucu:u :uuu {12 = 12
u ncc.xu.uc. c cu:cc uuu.u l:ccu :ucscu scuuw.
Ic.cu..uwc cucu:yw nczsu.uc. s l:u.uu uccxc..xc uucc. l 120 cy uc.c
u..uyu :cxy s lu:c c:xw. lc:uu:cu, u s 121 cy = luscyn. lcucu:c: sccuucu
uscxu ow. . ^. 4uu:uu, yxcscusuuu :uxxc ynnu:u s ^u.uuc, Icunc.c, Icuyc,
Jucc:c, lc.cu.c, luuuu, Cuscuc, lcuu u cuxuc. Ocucsuw: uunus.cuuc: uoc:w
ncuucuucc c:y unnuu:u c:u.u sccuuc:cxuuccxuz uscxu, ccycc:s.zsuuzcz scc.:u
yuuc, sn.c:. c cowsuuuz u nccnusxu s CCCl s un.c:u:uccxcu nc:c uu:yuwx
coucs sccyxcuuz. l uczoc 121 cu ow.u cc.uuu ncnw:xu uc.cu..uc nccuu:. s
Ccsc:cxuu Ccu su oc:ouucsuxu qu:w `luncuu`, cuuxc cuu u uux nc:cnc.
usuuu, u s:ccu nu swuyxcuucu nccuxc uxsu:u.u nc.uuz. lcuuxuuu cxuuu. uc:u
su. 4uu:uuu ccuc cxw:.cz. lccoc xc sccuuuz uscxu uuuoc.cc ycncuuc cowsu.u s
l:u.uu uuuwc nc usuuuu, u :uxxc ucnc..csu.u c:uuy s xucc:sc ouw .z uoc:w nc lu.
xuuu:, Jyuu, 4uuuu u lscuuuu. l 124 cy luscyn c:xw. s lu:c `.cu..uyu`
cucu:yy, u s 10 cy s ^u.uuc ow.u cuuucsuuu cnc.uu:c..uuz uc.cu..uuz :cxu
.z sccuuz sccuuc:cxuuccxcu uscxu. lc yxcscu:c.c: c:u. uscc:uwu ccsc:cxuu sc
cuuwu uscux 1. l. ^uucsu {`:.cu`, nc u:cuc: usc:uucxcc ncnuuu:u:c.z
lcuuu lc:ucu ccycc:s.zsuuu cscu cz:c..ucc:. nc nuxw:uc: ccuuucc u: s
lcuc :cxyuucucc nu:cu:ucc ouc `suxu`.
lcswc ucu:w nczsu.uc. y :u.uucxcu cucu:yw s 11
cy, u yxc cc c ux uc.c cc:u.c scuuu:u {u uux :u scnc
:cu:c..uwx. Jcxu `:.cuu` cowsu.u :uccy cxy:cu:u..uwx :u:c
uu.cs, ccu xc:cwx ow.u c:cxu axcncu:cu:u..uwx cu:c.c:cs,
ncscucu .cxu, cyuz, cxc:w u cnucuuuz nuoccs ynus.cuuz
u:u..cuucxu: cuc:. l 12 cy, ncc.c ncsu.u cucc u csc
ux uc:cuuxcs, ^uucsuu uunusu.u s ^u.uu .z ucncccc:scuucc
yxcscc:su cucu:ycu uu :cc:c. cx:zoz 12 cu {uucc s
uc:cuuxux yxuwsu.uc. ucscuwc u:w = 2 :u:u u.u cxuoz
1 cu cu ow. ucc:csuu xcu:uscxcu s cy..:u:c ncu:c..
c:su ucu:u. lu:cu:c..uc, :c u s :u.:c, s c:u:ycc ux.ucuucc
222 `:.cu` cy:c. uu.uu:. aqqcx:usuyu cuc:c:y cocu usc
wsu:c..ucu uuqc:uuu u nccuu cc s |cu:.
4. l11l1II
lc:u uu cu:c: uxuc: q.uuc lscnw ucnc.cxu.cc. lcc.csc:sc ccocs, xcsu:cs u
c.cscucs, u.u Icc.usuz. :c: cucu sccu zs.z.cz nccxcscu ocxcu xcu:uucu:u, u ncc
.c lccu..cxcc :uu, co1cuuusucc c:c.. uuwc u suxcouc c:uccusuuccz y x yy
uucw, cncxcuc:suc uu lu.xuuux scuu.cc. .uu. ucuuc.c. lc:c c :yc: ncus.zc:cu
uuucuu..ucu u c.uucucu cuu, xc:cuz x 141 cy sw..c:cz s cuu, xuxcu usuc uc
suc.u lscnu, Icc.usuz ucnw:wsu.u :cu:cuu..uwc nu:zuuuz cc c:ccuw nc:u sccx
cccccu. 1sc:uu, 1.ouuuu, lc.uuu, lcuuu u l:u.uu. Ocucsuwc ccow:uz uuuy: usu
1. 1. Nuucsu
9 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
su:.cz :u: s 10c cw, u ccu ccow:uu ncucc:syucc ccz:u.c:uz uc.yxusuc: suu
:uuuz .uu. cz:c..ucc:. ccuuucu s 120 cy xc::yuuc:uccxcu nu:uu. lc::yuuc:w
cuy ux:usuc sx.uu.uc. s uoc:y u ccscuu.u s uuwx :cc:ux c:uuw uccxc..xc :cux
:cs, s :c: uc.c ncnw:u.uc. cuuucsu:. ncxyucuuc uu xcc.z 1.cxcuuu, c::c.xuysucc
c: uux oc..uyu uc:. ucusuux nuscxcucs. Jc: sc:cuc: oc sczxcc s:cuu:c..c:su
usuc suy:cuuzz uunzxcuucc:. s c:uuc ncc.xu.u uuuc:u:., u s 12 cy cucc
cxuu cny:u: nu.u:cu:u uc:c.u. xcsu:cxcc .ucu cnncuuu C:cnuuu luuu, swsus
a:u: u.cxc uyuc ncc.cc:suz. Ccu uux :cxuc swc.u:. a:uuuu oyycc .ucu
Icusucu:cc xcsu:cxcc ccyuc:su 1u:c lusc.uu u ccuuuc u: uuucuu.uc:uccxcu u
:ccuc:uccxcu cuuuuuu `\c:uuu` {`lccc:uuuc`, xc:cuz scxcc cc:usu: u ccocu
ucc:wsuc:wu xcsuswu c.c. lsuy ync:zuy:wx ccow:uu zusuz 12 cu xcc.. yc:uuc
su. ux:u:ccxuu cxu:, ucnyc:u. nu.u:cu:, unc:u. scc oc ucx.ucuuz nc.u:uccxuc
nu:uu u nucc:uucsu. cuc:suc xcuc:u:yuu. Juxcc nc.cxcuuc nc.u.cc. c 11 cu u
s u:cc nusc.c 1.cxcuuu x uoc.u s cy..:u:c :ccuc:uccxcc ux:u. Ic uccncxcuucc
:ccuuc nc.u:uccxux ccow:uu uc ccncscxu.cc. ux:usuuucu s cucuc uucc:uuuwx
uscwsu:c..uwx c.yxo, uoc ucc.uscxuz uc:. lu.xuu ow.u :cu ncncc:y :u.cuu:cccuu
.z yux ccyuc:s, u ucx.ucuuc: l:u.uu.
Ouuxc yuc ou.xuucxuc c:uuw uc uocxu.u scs.ccuuz s :uuuyu scuuy. luscw
su:c..uuz ux:usucc:. s lc.uuu ow.u cusuu:c..uc ucswccxcu u s uuu:c..ucu c:cncuu
nccxusu.uc. lc:uu:cuc: u uuucuu..ucu xc:nu:ucu {lll. lc:c cnucuuuwx u
.cc cuc:suu nc swsccuuu u c:uuw suuc.cscxux scucx, xccuuucsusuuxcz nc
sw: cucu:c: luscynu s c:uuc 7uc:c lccsw: {4. l. lyccs, uuc:czuz qu:u.uz
7. l. lc:uucs, xc::yuuc:w cuuucsu.u uu cncuu..uc xyn.cuuc: .z a:cu c.u s C:u:
oy.c nucxcc `lsuu lucs` :ccxcc cccocuuc c Ccsuc:cnc.c: u Occccu. lc a:c:y xu
uu.y nccoucwsu.uc. uc.cu..uuz .u:cu:yu, cyxuc, xy.cw u scsuusuuccz c:cu
cc.u:w oc.cu u:uu. lcc.c ucyuucc sccc:uuuz nc:us nusu:c..c:su 1. |uuxcsu s luuc
s ccu:zoc 12 cu ow.u ycxcuu cncuu..uuz :ccxuz nc.uuz, owc:cxcuwc sccy
xcuuwc xu:cu xc:ccu ucnc..csu.uc. .z nccccuuz cncuuu nc nccoccxc cyxuz
:cc:, ncuscusuuxcz nc uuc:yxuz: uuxcusucccz s lcuc lccuucc cu:u lll.
l a:c xc sc:z ncxu:u.u cycc:scsuuuc uccxc..xc oc.ucxux cucu:y luscynu
lll1, coucsuuuwx s c.zx cccuc:suz qc:ucsuuuu s c:uuc nu:uuucxux c:zcs u
coccnccuuz xuuu.cs nccoccxu sccyxcuuz u CCCl, u :uxxc .z cocu uuqc:uuu c
suy:cuuc: u sucuuc: nc.u:uccxc: xycc ccyuc:scuucc yxcscc:su lc.uuu. Ic
cxc..xc uuu:ccx coccncusu.u ucu:yucc uycuuc coc:uucsxu s scucxux luuc.z. On
cc.cuucc suu:uuuc yc.z.cc. ccnuu:uc:cxc:y suxcuuu :uxccucs. Cc.cucc cccuc
:suc ccsc:cxu: uscuxu: cxuwsu.u nu:uuuuz uscxu lll, u:csuuz cc:uu ucu:cs
s nusccxuuu:c..uwx u cu.cswx scc:c:sux u zc ccyuc:scuuwx ycxcuuu c:uuw.
lc::yuuc:w n.uuucsu.u cc sc:cuc: ncscc:u sccyxcuucc sccc:uuuc, nca:c:y oc.cc uu
:cucusuc suu:ccuc:scsu.u uc c lIO, u c luscync:. lc yxc ync:uuusuuucz cucu:
lc:uucs ncowsu. s Ccquu c usyc:u 121 cu u ncuuz.cz lc.uucxc:y cu:y sccuucu
uscxu, c xc:cw: nccxusu. csz. cc lcuy. l 122 cy luscync: ow.u ccuc
suuu :ccsuz qu:u `^u:sccs, luxcs u lc`, c nc:c.u xc:ccu yu.cc. cuuucsu:.
csz. c |cu:c: nc :ccxc:y xuuu.y cc Occcy. lc:cuuxu cucu:yw nucoc:u.uc.
s u.uuwx xyux oc.ucxcc cocc:su, ccu uux u:c.uc. ccyuc:scuuwc c.yxuuc
swccxcc ycsuz, c:uuuc cqucw u ncnuuu:u:c.u. lc:c :cc, sccuuuz uscxu,
uuzy c nc.u:uccxcu, ux:usuc uoc:u.u nc oc.cu a:uuuu. lc:u:c cucu:yw lccsu,
s lc.uuu cuc:scsu.u u uc.cu..uuz cucu:yu luscynu, nuxw:uc: xc:ccu zs.z.
cz :uuuu u:cu:c..uwx nuoccs, u :uxxc :ucxcc:sc oc.cc :c.xux ucu:yuwx ynn.
l ux cc:uxcuuz:, s uc:ucc:u, c:uccu:cz ncxucuuc uxuscs a:uuu:cxux oc.wx uc:cu
u nccuu ux s ^ccxsy.
^ucu:uow uc.ucucc ccsc:cxcc s:cuu:c..c:su sc suy:cuuuc c.u lc.uuu ysc.u
usu.uc.. l CCCl ow.u usccuw :wczu cuuu cucc:c..ucc cyxuz, nu:cuw, uuu
:w, :cuuw swsu:wx sccc:s, ux:usuc cuc:scsu.u uuc:yx:cw nc sccuucu ncc:csxc
occswx ynn u nu:uuucxux c:zcs. Ouuxc s 12 cy llll c::cuu. xyc uu sccy
xcuucc sccc:uuuc, xuuuc ucucsus a:u: uuxu..uwc xyu oc.ucxux xc::yuuc:cs.
lccuuwu cu: lll uc ncuuu.cz nuuz:c:y s ^ccxsc cucuuu u uu c:ncsuuuu you:cc
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u 9L
cucu.u Iccucsu 1 unc.z scsu. cxcsuwu xync. ccquucxcc ccocu `Csz:uz Icc.z`.
lc :ucuuu :ucux ucc.ccsu:c.cu, sws zs.z.cz ncscxuucu succuuwx ucu:cs nc.u
uu, nccxc..xy :cc nc:us xc::yuuc:cs uuu.cz ncc.c a:cc nux:uccxu uc:c.cuuc
u nuuz. ncuc:uuc yc:uuuuuc :ucu:uow. lc::yuuc:uccxuc cuuuuuu ncsc.uc.
uc:y, s cy..:u:c xc:ccc ow.u uu = .c: cscuy:u u uoc:u lIO u luscynu
s c:uuc. 4ux:uccxu cuu sccoucsu.uc. .uu. ucxc:ccc sc:z cnyc:z ncc.c yc:uucs.cuuz
un.c:u:uccxux c:ucucuuu :cxy Ccqucu u ^ccxscu s uu.c 14 cu.
lcc:us.zc: cncc.cuuwu uu:ccc u..ucuuuz oucuquz owsucc cucu:u lc
:uucsu, xc:cwu ncc.c uxw:uz :cxu luscynu c:ow. s cxcc.csuxuu. Ju: cu uoc
:u. nc nuxw:uc: c.xucc:u sucxcucy.u nc.ncc:su CCCl s luc u nc u:cuc:
7. l. w:csu, u ncucc cuc:scsu. s Jyuu u s lu:uc. C 1 nc 1 cw lc:uucs
nc u:cuc: I.uycu lc:uuu sc.us.z. cucu:yy sccuucu uscxu s lu:uc, u s 141
cy ow. uuc.cu s ncuucuuyu Ill CCCl O:c..uyu :c:cc:c.xcsyu ouuy cccocc
uuuucuuz {O^ClOI, c nucu.cc. nc.ycuucc u: s uxuc:uu lll1 swcucc sccuucc
coucsuuuc. lcc.c cxcuuuuz scuuw lc:uucs scuy.cz s lc.uuu u uuu:u. :u: c:sc:c
:scuuwc ncc:w u:cc:u:c.z :uuuc:u ccyuc:scuucu occnucucc:u u ncc.u s lc.uxcou
:uuuu, lc..uc u ncuuu. l 12 cy cu ow. ysc.cu u cnycuuwc s ncuc uoc:w s
cuuux Il uuyucuuz uxcuucc:u.
l ccccucu ly:wuuu ccxc:uwc c.yxow uuuu..uc ow.u ccuuw .z xcu:c.z u scc
ycu.ususuu:ucz s c:uuc uucuw:u sc.ucuuz:u. lusu:c..c:sc ucnc.uu.c cncu:us
uw:u ncuc.cuuz:u s ccc:usc :uuuc:cc:s uucc:uuuwx u suy:cuuux c., nc.uuu u
cucu..ucc u:uou, u :uxxc c:c.cuuc: nccxsu:u :c.cuquwx cccocuuu nc:cscc sc
c:c:su, cuuxc c:cy:c:suc cuucc cuuu cu:u.ucsuuucu uscxu u xcu:uscxu uc
ncsc.z.c uu.uu:. sccuuc ccc:sc:c:syucu cz:c..ucc:u uu u yocxc:, uu s cu:cu c:u
uc. Jc.xc: x cqc:c y:wucxux cncc.yxo ncc.yxu.c uucxc:ucu:uoucc sccc:uuuc, nc
cy:u uuc:czuz xcc:.zucxuz scuuu 10 cu, owc:c u xcc:cxc ncus.cuuuz 140:wcz
uw: u:cucxu: xcu:uucu:c:. l lyxucc:c cu..uc ncccsu.u, :c :ucccswc occnczxu
scuux.u nu nz:c: yuc:uu usc:cscuccxcu uscxu, cuuxc scncc :ux u cc:u.cz
ucswzcucuuw: cxcuu:c..uc.
:c ncc.yxu.c ncoyu:c..uw: :c:usc: .z ccuuuz 1 uczoz 10 cu s ccc:usc
:uuuc:cc:su suy:cuuux c. \nus.cuuz cocu occnucucc:u ccyuc:su {CIC, nc
uuuucuucc .z ccycc:s.cuuz nc.ucucxux, u:uuuc:u:usuwx u cycouwx qyuxuu uu
sccu :cu:cuu c:uuw, s :c: uc.c xcu:uscxu u sucuucnc.u:uccxcu uscxu. Jc
u:cuu..uw:u cuuu:u CIC c:u.u ucxsu:ucsuuuwc s xuxc: ycuc: cu:c `Cnc
uu..uwc ouuw occnucucc:u`. lc:c :cc, c c..u uscwsu:c..ucc ncuuxucscuuz s
ccncc..uwc ccyuc:su ow.u cqc:ucsuuu :uxxc u ncuuuuuz nc.uuz. l cu:u..
uc: unnuu:c CIC s lyxucc:c nc uuu:cucsuuuc: nuxw:uz `C.yxou ccxc:uuu:u`
qyuxucuucsu.u |cu:u..uuz c.yxou occnucucc:u ccyuc:su {C|CC, ucncccc:scuuc
ccycc:s.zsuuz cncu:usuyu uscwsu:c..uyu u xcu:uscwsu:c..uyu uoc:y. Ocucs
uw: nc:usuuxc: c:uuw s a:cu cqcc zs.z.uc. 1sc:clcuuz, u.cxc ncsccxcusuuz
ly:wuuu nc ycsuu usu:uz u aqqcx:usucc:u :uuuwx cncuuu. lucuuzz uscxu .us
uw: couc: u:uusu.u Juucu..suuuu = co.uc:. cc c:cuuuuw: uucc.cuuc: u usuuu
co1cx: uuc.ucuu lyuncu:u u lyxucc:u.
lcqc:u 10 cu y.yuu.u ccc:czuuc c. s ccucsuc: s co.uc:u xcu:uscxu u
suy:cuucu uscxu, uccxc..xc uu.uu.cc. nc.ycuuc nc.u:uccxcu uuqc:uuu uu y
ocxu, uc uu aqqcx:usucc:u sccuucu uscxu a:c uc cxuu.cc. nux:uccxu uuxux. C :uxu:
ccc:czuuc: ccxc:uwx c.yxo s 11 cy ly:wuuz sc:ynu.u s lcsyu :ucsyu scuuy,
cccocuuc cc:c nczsusuyu yxuuuuwu uccc:u:cx. .z cc c:zcuuz ynnu cquccs u
ucu:cs CIC ow.u nccsccuu s ncuucuuc C:usxu scxcsucc .usucxc:uucsuuuz, cuu
xc uu ucuuxc:c:su cc cncuquccxu:u sccuuw:u scnccu:u cuu uuu:u.uc. nux:ucc
xu ucx.uu:c..uc xcu:uscxcu u nc.ucucxcu uoc:cu. I.usucc xc:uucsuuuc cncuuc
cqc:ucsu.c nu cucu..uc: u:uoc sccyxcuuwx cu. ucsyu, nuu..c..uyu cycc:sc
susuu: c:yx:yu: Ccxc:uyu c.yxoy uuqc:uuu {CCl, xc:cuz ncc:us.z.u ccocu
csc..uc c:uuucc coucsuuuc, ncuucuucc sccuuw: s.uc:z:, uc yxc:n.cx:csuuucc u:u:
cxu:u cncuu.uc:u:u. lsuy a:cc CCl snu:u.u s ccoz scc xyucc u cocux cuc:c:, u u:cu
uc xccucc:. c:yx:y cuu:uou u xuux:cucc .z uxuucxux cuuuuuu nc.ucc ucnc
9 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
uu:uuuc sccuuwx nco.c:. lux uscc:uc, s xcc scuuw y:wucxuz u:uz ow.u uc:.cuu
usc:cscuccxu:u scucxu:u, cucu u nuuu cc zsu.cc. qux:uccxcc c:cy:c:suc u
scwsu:c..ucc coccnccuuz occswx cuc:suu. \c.csuz :uu cxuu.uc. :zxxu:u. Cc.ucuc
lyxucc:cxc:y :uuc:y ccscy c: :uz 11 cu, ly:wuuz :cz.u Ccscuyu u Ixuyu
coyxy, u :uxxc nc.ccy uu :uucu..suucxcu uuuc n.cu.u s :wcz xsuu:uwx
xu.c:c:cs, :c nccusu.c 1sc:clcuuu xcu:c.. uu cuw:u ncxcu:u s lunu:ux
u uyuu.c cc:cc:scuuwc yocxu coccuw c:uuw. yuuu c:xwsu.cz .z cxscucc c
:uucxcc u usc:uucxcc cycxcc:su. \zs.cuuyu uuucuu..uyu ccc:. y:wu uccxc..xc
c:zu. uxsu: lcccuuouu s zusuc = qcsu.c 11 cu, uc s c.c: c:uuu cxuu.uc. c:
ocucuucu s cscc: usu:uu u.cxc uuu. Ouuxc couu xc ccow:uu uu qcu:ux scuuw
uc ncsc.u. Ccuuuw: cxusu: c.c ncxuuu:. n.cw csccu ncocw. lcc.c ncuxcuuz
1sc:clcuuu ccu y:wucxcc uucc.cuuz Juucu..suuuu scuux.c :ucccscc suxcuuc
u co1cuucuuc c uc:cuccxcu cuucu, u lyxucc: nccncuu. sccnc..csu:.cz cu:yuucu
.z sscu :yu scucx. Cc.ucuc ncnucuuuc:y s uuuc 120 cu Juuucucxc:y :uuc:y
ccscy, a:u co.uc:. s:cc:c c lyxcsuucu u coyxcu nccusu.uc. s ccc:us ly:wuuu. Jc
u:cuz c:uuw nc cusucuuu c ncsccuucu ysc.uu.uc. sscc, u uucc.cuuc swcc.c c ,
:u..ucuu c.cscx s 11 cy c 20 :u..ucucs s 120. l Juucu..suuuu ow.c ccccc:ccuc
cswuc nc.csuuw y:wucxux ncnuz:uu, ususuux nc:u 0 cocc co1c:u nc:wu
.cuucc ncuscc:su, cuuxc nucoc:cuuc co.uc:cu c :uccuc.cuuw:u uuucuu..uw:u
:cu.uuuc:su:u ccu.c .z lyxucc:u uc:u.c nco.c: a:uuccxcc xuux:cu, cy.zuc
nccuc:usuux s sc.ucuuz.
luscwsu:c..uwc cuuw c:uuw ccxuuz.uc. ucu:cuuw:u c :c:cu:u coucsuuuz
s 124 cy s ccc:usc cucu..ucc u:uou Ccxc:ucu c.yxow {CC, ncncxuc:y nc
c:us.zsucu ccocu uxuucxyu cuuuuuu, c:sc:c:scuuyu u sucuuuu u suy:cuuuu
uscxy. lc uuu.cuu c quuycxu: 2: ouc cuu:uou u Cl s ccc:usc CC u:c.uc. us:c
uc:uuz Ccxuz uuqc:uuu {Cl, yxc:n.cx:csuuuuz u:cucxu:u cqucu:u u uxuu
cxu:u cqccu:u:u. :c uccxc..xc c.uu.c uccc:u:xu, xuux:cuwc .z CCl sccuucc
ncucu, uc uc ucx.uu.c ux nc.ucc:.u. c 12 cu uyocxuyu uscxy sc.c :uxxc u
CIC, cuuxc ncucc cuc ccccc:cu.cc. ucx.uu:c..uc uu suy:cuuux scnccux.
lccuucc xc:uucsuuuc scc cc uc ow.c ycs.c:sccuc xucc:sc: nc.yuc:cu uuqc
:uuu, u 11 zusuz 12 cu uuu..uux cucu..ucc u:uou sccyxcuuwx cu. ly:wuuu
nccc:usu. :uuuc:y uuucuu..ucu coccuw cx.u 11 cc cscu:u nc.cxcuuz:u nc
a:c:y scnccy. l cy..:u:c ux ccocuuz scuux.u ucsuz Ccxc:uuz c.yxou {CC, zs.zs
uuzcz cuuc: ucx.uu:c..uc sccuucu uscxu. Ccxc:uuz c.yxou uuqc:uuu {CCl
ncncxuc:y cycc:scsu.u u uc:uuu..uc ncuuz.uc. 2:y ouc cuu:uou, cuuxc qux:u
ccxu ccouu.u nc.u:uccxyu uuqc:uuu u scu.u scnccu:u xcu:uscxu u occnuc
ucc:u. lc sc.usu. nc.xcsuux ^uxuu. ^cyccs {^cccs, uucc cncuu.uucsusuuucz
uu cncuuzx nc:us CCCl. luoc:u CCl .usuw: couc: ccycc:s.z.uc. nc scuccxc
:y, oc.ucxc:y u ccsc:cxc:y uunus.cuuz:, nuc: yxcscu:cc nc.xcsuuxc: 4.cccxy
yccxcc c:c.cuuc uscxu cuc:scsu.c s ccucsuc: nc:us uu CCCl cc a:uuu:cxuc
xyu. Ocucsuw: nu:ucc: CCl zs.z.cz `lcccuucxuu cocscuucxuu ccu`, ncc:usu
:c.. xc:ccc s ly:wuuu cucu. 1. l. Icyu ow. ync.uc:ccu nuuu:u:. cu:cc:cz:c..uwc
cucuuz nc cncu:usuw: scnccu:. lIO OIl\ cy:c. scxw:. a:y cz:c..ucc:. u c 12
nc 12 cw ncsc. cncu:usuyu uy `3u:ccxcc` nc cuuqc:uuu y:wu cc .c
cuucsuuuyu `Ccscclusxucxyu sccuuyu cuuuuuu`. l xcc uw cucsc:cuuc
cuuqc:ucsu.uc. :uxxc u nccxususuuz CCl quuycxuz uscxu.
Ocucsuwc nco.c:w sccx sc:scu y:wucxux cncc.yxo ux.uu.uc. s cuuucuucc:u
ouxc:uwx uccuucsuuuu, uccc:u:cuc: :cxuuccxc: ccuucuuu u xuuuc uuxc: ycsuc
xsu.uquxuuu uuu:c..ucu uc:u cc:yuuxcs, cuuxc uu :ucccscc:u ncscu:wx cnc
uuu cuu zs.z.uc. nc:usuuxc:, c xc:cw: c.ccsu.c cu:u:.cz. lcc.:u nc:cu.c y:wuc
xcu uscxc yc:uucs.cuucc cc s 120 cy cc:yuucc:sc c ll c:c.c: cuu:uou nc..cxcu
u:uu. l luuuucsc ow.u c:xw:u cc sc:cuuuz n.zysxu {cucu:yu nc yxcscc:sc:
ncyuxu lxu 1uxcscxcccxcsuu. :u:u c.cyucc cu, ncc.c ncnucuuuz nc.u:ucc
xcc :cxccyuc:scuucc ccscu u sccuucu xcuscuuu c cc:yuucc:sc, suu:ccuc:suc
cocux usccx y.you.cc.. l 122 cy y:wuw nccu.u nc.zxu: cow:yu u:u uuqc:u
uu c cc:yuucc:sc ousucxcc u scuccxcc u:uocs, co cuuuuuu u sccyxcuuu u:u
..zucxcu u:uu u cc suu:ccuc:suu c scuu:u. l 12 cy s ly:wuuu cuc:scsu.u yxc
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u 9S
sc n.zysxu ll c:c.u, u :uxxc u.u ncccscw c sccoucs.cuuu uoc:w :cxu s luuuucsc.
lcxucuc suu:ccuc:scsu.u nc.u:uccxuc nc.uuu cocux ccyuc:s, oc.cc uscc:uwc
xux `cuyuuu` u `cqcuusu`. Ouuxc s 12 cy nc..cxuc uscuxu yc:uucsu.u, :c
uuu..uux `cuyuuw` yxcu luc:ccxy s:cc:c c ncc:usu:c.c: ^l ly:wuuu uc.ucuc
c:ow. s Occcy, c:xyu ncc.c sc:cu c ncc:usu:c.z:u OIl\ c:nusu.cz uu ncccscw s
^ccxsy. lccouuz uuqc:uuz ow.u scc.:u uuc:cuxusuucu, cuuxc uc ncs.cx.u u ccocu
u:cucuuc xycu lyxucc:u. O:ucucuuz syx ccyuc:s c:uu. ycu anuc. 10 uczoz
12 cu yxcscu:c.z n.zysxu `luuu` s luuuucsc lscuuz luycxcc ucc:csu.u
nc cosuucuuu s cc:yuucc:sc c ccsc:cxcu uscxcu u swuc cu csccuuu c y:wuc
xcu ucu:yc s CCCl. Icswu cucu..uwu uucncx:c `cuyuuw` 7ucyccxy y:scxu.,
:c ucxc:cwc u swuuuwx luycxu: ucu:cs ow.u s CCCl ucc:c.zuw. 1cc:csuuuwu
nc..cxuu cucu: xu:ccuccxu c:sc cosuucuuz s cscu ucc u uzsu., :c nuuucu
uuucu:u c:u.u uu:uu cc ncucc:scuuuxu ^uuuuu lc:cscxcc. lcscxu ll c:c.u
uc nc:scu.u swsuuy:wc nc:us yxcscu:c.z n.zysxu cosuucuuz s ncu:c..c:sc, u
y:wuw, xc:z u cc:u.uc. nu cscc: :ucuuu, scc xc c:nyc:u.u ucc:csuuucc. luycxuu
c:ow. s ucnczxcuuc ..scscxcu axcncu:yw {ncuqcuuucc ncc:u , u c:ucucuuz
syx usccx uu .u:c..uwu ncuc sc:cuu cxuu.uc. cycc:scuuc c:ucuuw:u.
lcccuuz s uucxc:ucu:uouc: ncuuxucscuuu ccsc:cxux cncc.yxo sc scc cqcw
y:wucxcc ccyuc:su u cocc:su ow.u xc:z u ncysc.ucuuw:u, uc ucoccncscuuw:u.
lscc:uu ycncuuuz uoc:u s lcccuuouu cucu:u lcuc:ynu lll1 l. l. luqc.uxu.
lcucc, s uuu.c 120x ccs, s ly:wuuu ucc.c, cuuxc scc.:u cy..:u:usuc cu
c:scsu.u ucu:yuuz cc:., yxcscu:uz scucxu: ynncscc: sccuucu uscxu `4c.uxcc:
lc..qc:` {l. I. luxcs. Iuyucuuz ccucscnc.uuuux nusu. xcucnuuuu nusc.u x cc
:ucccsc:y ncsu.y, ccusuc:y scc.:u ucu:usuwu cou Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu s 1sc:uu u
ly:wuuu. luc:, ocyc.csuc, u:c:uc cc.uou. ucu:yuwc ncuuu uscxu, c:usucu x
a:c:y sc:cuu luscync:, uc uc nccsu. ux nc.ucc:.u. Iu.uuc s c:uuc uuu:c..ucu
:uccw a:uuu:cs u yccxcu, u :uxxc yxuuucxcu uucncw nccncc.u.u couuuyu
scocscuyu ouy .z sccx sc:scu ccsc:cxux cncc.yxo, u s ncsyu ccc. .z cncu:usuwx
cuucs ncuuscucx. Iu a:c: uunus.cuuu cycc:scuuc usu.uc. ux uscxu nc uxcc
uy, u :uxxc uscxu sccuuwx cxycs lll1.
. `C1IlJ1lIIl lOlOI`
luscwsu:c..uwc cncuuu uu uc lscncucxcc xcu:uucu:u s 120c cw c:.uu.uc.
cncc.cuucu sz.cc:.u u csccc cu q.c:u:uucc:.u, u:c uu ccscc uscwsu:c..uuz ux
:usucc:. uuxu.usu.u u scc :wc.u:wc ncc.w. :c ncucxcu.c s cncxc sw:zuysuuxcz
sc.. unuucu uuuw CCCl `nuqcu:cswx` ccyuc:s. 4uu.zuuu, c:cuuu, 1u:suu,
1u:sc u lc..uc, c nc.cu. :uuuwu qcu: cxsu:xu xc::yuuc:uccxux u unuuwx cnc
c.yxo.
l lc..uc s :ycu yc. cn.c.uc. uc:cuccxuz suxu yccxux u nc.zxcs, c:ux :uc
c.c:uux ncuoccuuwx u swccxc:cuc ucusuux ncocu:c.cu, ucxcuuuu xu:c.uu: u
scuuc:syuuu u:cu:, c:uzuuwu nu:uc:u: u nc.c:ucxuu uu:cuuucuu.u:, u:ouuu
uu xc:n.cxcu ccyuc:scuucu ucnc.uccuucc:u u nccuuc x `yc.usc:y c:uy lc
cu..cxcc ccscu`. Ic:uuyu c.. cwu.u ncscxuucuuuz, ncc:cxu:c..cxuz nc.u:uxu
4uuuu, uscxu xc:ccu ucnc..csu.u nc.zxcs, uoc uc xc.u.u ucxcsu:. uu cuu: u
cscux cquccs s nc.cswx cncuuzx nc:us lC4Cl, u u:c: CCCl. Cycc:scuuc ncs.uz.
uu coc:uucsxy :uxxc syxcc::wczuwu :uuu: cc c:uuy yccxux a:uuu:cs. l c.c:,
lc..uy ncucu 120x ccs s nc.ucu :cc :cxuc cu:u:. qcncc:c: ucu:yuccncu
:usucu u ncwsucu cz:c..ucc:u 3unuu nc:us Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu. lc:c CCCl, co1cx
:u:u uscwsu:c..uwx yc:c:.cuuu lc..uu zs.z.uc. 1u:su u Ic:uuuz, nc:us xc:ccu
luuusu ncscu.u ucu:yuyu uscxy ucccusuc u uuc:ynu:c..uc. c s:ccu nc.csuuw
10x ccs nc.zxu :c.u uc cnucu:.cz csccu cc.uo.cuucu unuucu ccccxu, u:c:uc yc
:ynusucu u: s sccuuc: c:ucucuuu. l :c:y xc suuuscxcc nusu:c..c:sc snc.uc ysccuuc
ysc:scsu.c ccoz u cnuucu :cycu ncxcsu:c..uuw = 4uuuu, cuc:su:c..uuz cuucc:.
xc:ccu s xucc:sc ccuuuxu c:uuc: zcuu .uu. s ccu:zoc 1 cu.
99 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
lc:cxu nc..cxcu uscwsu:c..ucu c.yxow yxcz: s uc:cuu oc.ow nc..cxcc uuc
u u ucusucu:cc:.. lc s 104 cy yxcscu:c.. :ux uuwsuc:cc `uuucuu..ucc xw
.u` lc..cxcu ccuu.uc:uccxcu nu:uu {llC Icq lu.cycxuu ususu. cz:c..ucc:.
`occscu cuuuuuu` csc.uucuccs xux s uunus.cuuu :ccu u usccuu, :ux u s
uscwsu:c..uc: c:ucucuuu. l ncuc yccxczncucxcu scuuw cu, xux :uuu:y:, suxw
cuuoxu. cucu..uwu u:uo ncuuu uuqc:uucu c yccxcu u:uu, u s 10 cy yc:uucsu.
yc:cuusyu csz. c ..scscxu:, xuxcscxu: u ncc:wu..cxu: c:c.cuuz:u usc:cscuc
cxcu ccxc:ucu c.yxow. l u:xux cuuucsuuucc Ccuu ux:usucu oc.ow {3l sc 1.sc
sc c:xw.uc. cquccxuz u yu:ccquccxuz uxc.u, c s uc.c ncux ucun.uu u:u.cz
xyc uscxu. l :c: xc 10 cy 3l swnyc:u. ycouux `luscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou`. .z
nux:uccxcc cocu uuqc:uuu u ncc:csxu x ncsccuuu usccuu lu.cycxuu cu
uucsu. ucoc..ucc luc c:u:uc:uxu nc yxcscc:sc: lu.cuz C.uscxu, x uuu.y lcscu
:ucscu scuuw ccusucc cscu uxccuuyu uuquc:yx:yy. Jcxu luc c:u:uc:uxu u
c.z.uc. uu c:wc xu:ccuu.
.usuwc cu:w nc cuuuuuu cncu:usucu uoc:w {luuusu, Cuuc:u, lu..uc,
Cuux:lc:coy, 7u.xcs,
cu:w sccuuz uscxu :uucc ncucu {xynuwc ccu |uc:su lc..cxcc,
1uousu, ^u:usu u .,
`uuu:ucsuuuwc` uscwsu:c..ucusccucuuwc cu:w sccuucc ncucu
{^uucx, lucs, lc.cx, C:c.cucx, ^ccxsu, Occcu,
:cu.uuc nc u:cu: `:uncswc` uscwsu:c..ucusccucuuwc cu:w sccuucc
ncucu {lzucx, luuucsuu u yuc ccu lc.cyccuu.
C usyc:u 114 cu s usc:cscuccxcu u:uu u nc.zxcs qc:ucsu.uc. lc..cxuc
.cucuw, 1u ouucu xc:cwx xc:uucsu. lu.cycxuu. l ucu u:c.cc. luscwsu:c..ucc
ouc, ncscuuu..uc nuuzsucc uu ccoz sccuuc sccu cncu:usucu uoc:w, uucc swnc.
uzsucucz luc c:u:uc:uxu. Ouuxc yxuc u:xu scuucxcu uc:u uuxux uc ccc:sc:c:scsu.u
nc:coucc:z: c:u:cuccxcu uscxu, :c: oc.cc s uxuucxux co.uc:zx, u s cx:zoc
114 cu uu ouc 3l u lc..cxux c:c.xcswx yxuu scuux.u ncnc..uuz c:yx:yu
lc..cxuz sccuuuz cuuuuuz {lOl. lc yc:us .ucu.. `|c..u lOl zs.zc:cz usccsuuuc
lc..ucu ucusucu:cc:u ny:c: sccyxcuucu oc.ow`
2
. Ouuuuuz ncuuuuu.uc. .z
uxsu:u s.uc:u uu nc..cxux :cu:cuzx u uu c:.zx, xc:cwc nc.zxu cu:u.u :uxcsw
:u, c:y cncccoc:scsu.u c:cu.uuuz uc.cucsusuuxcz :u: yccxux, c:uucxux u us
c:cscuccxux scucx. lcsw: xc:cuuu:c: lOl c:u. ucncccc:scuuc ncuuzsuuucz
lu.cycxc:y Jucyu 3y.uucxuu {`lc:uu lucxuu`. l 11 cy s luuusc ow.u ccuuu
cucuu..uuz xc:cuu:yu lOl {lIl, scxcc nuuzsuuz c: luscwsu:c..ucc ouc 1u
ouuw lc..cxux .cucucs ccucsuwc uuu nc uscxc uu sxcusuux s ccc:us lcccuucxcu
u:ncuu nc..cxux c:.zx. lcxcc lOl cuuucsu.u :uxxc xc:cuu:yw s Iu.uuu {lI
ll, lucsc {lIlll u 1uo.uuc {lIl\, uu ouc xc:cwx ccusu.uc. uucswc uscwsu
:c..ucusccucuuwc :cxu. lIlll, uunu:c, u:c.u ux s 7u.xcsc {`^`, Occcc {`l`,
lccxycsc {`|`, luuuuc {`l` u ^ccxsc {`1`. l u:xux usccsuuuz ucusucu:cc:u
lOl ncc:cncuuc nccu.u x sccuuu cncu:usucu uoc:w :uxxc s 1sc:clcuccxcu u:
ncuu. l a:c:y xc sc:cuu c:uccu:cz u ccuuuc ncswx nc..cxux xcu:uscwsu:c..uwx
Oqucy rusuo ocuu:y IOB
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u JUU
c:yx:y, nc:cncsuux ccxyuu:c..ucc ncuxcuuc s oc.oc c cnw:uw:u cuuu:u occ
nucucc:u lcccuucxcu u:ncuu.
\ncuuz oc.ou nc.zxcs u cysccuu:c: sc:c:u.u nc.ucc ncuu:uuuc Ccuuuwx c
xus, c:c:usuuxcz .uow: ny:c: cc:uou.uucsu:. lcccuucxyu u:ncuu. 11 :uz 11
cu lc.uu u lcuu nuuu.u ccuuuc lcc.csc:su lc..cxcc s u:xux 1sc:clcuuu, s
cszu c c: lOl nc.yu.u xux ow nc.ycquuu..uwu c:u:yc. lcc.c ncsc.uucuuz s lu
uusc sc:cuucc nusu:c..c:su cuc cc c coc:cuuz lc..ucu ccyuc:scuucu ucusucu
:cc:u nuc:ynu.c x cuuuuuu uscwsu:c..ucu c.yxow. l xcuc 11 cu lccu:cxuu
ccsc: uu. cxc: co coucsuuuu :uuuc:cc:su sccuuwx c. {^Clcucx u.u ^Clcu u
cucu..ucc u:uou lcucxu nc..cxcc, s c:yx:yc xc:ccc u:c.cc. qux:uccxu cycc:sc
susucc c 2 :uz ll {uscwsu:c..ucc c:c.cuuc. C 24 uczoz cuc ow.c nccoucsuuc s
\l {uuqc:uucuuwu c:c. c uuu:u uycuuz uucc:uuuwx u:uu, ux sccuucu .u:c
u:yw, sccuuz uuc:ynu:c..ucu u coccuu:c..ucu uscxu, ccc:us.cuuz c:u:uc:uccxux
csccx, yxcscc:su cz:c..ucc:.u sccuuwx u::uuc u sccuuz uuqcsu..ucu uoc:w. O:c.
sc.usu. :uuc ^cuc.us ^uxcsu, s ncuucuuu xc:ccc u:c.uc..
= ccxuz l uscxu uucc:uuuwx u:uu,
= ccxuz llu uscxu u xcu:uscxu uu lcc:cxc {lcccuz, 1u:su, lc.cyccuz,
\xuuuu u Iu.uuz,
= ccxuz llo uscxu u xcu:uscxu uu 3unuc {1sc:uz, Ic:uuuz, 4uuuz u
lc.uxcou:uuuz,
= ccxuz ll = xcu:uscxu {ncc.c cc swscu u ccc:usu ccxuu llu u llo,
= ccxuz ll = csz. c cuuu:u s.uc:u u ux uuqc:ucsuuuc {sncc.cc:suu nccou
csuuu s ccxuu \,
= ccxuz lll nc.u:uccxuz uscxu uucc:uuuwx ccyuc:s,
= ccxuz l\ ccc:us.cuuc csccx nc qcu:u:,
= ccxuz \ csz. c cuuu:u s.uc:u u ux uuqc:ucsuuuc {owsuuz ccxuz ll,
= ccxuz \l sccuucun.c:u:uccxuz {yxcscc:sc sccuuw:u u::uuc s lc.uuc,
lcuc, lyuncu:c, ^ccxsc u lucsc,
= ccxuz \ll uuqcsu..uuz.
l a:c:y sc:cuu cycc:scsuuuc lc..cxcu sccuucu cuuu
uuu c:u.c uuuxcuu:c:, u uuu.cz ncccc cc ncc:cncuucc
ccnycxu. 4yuxuu lOl uc:uuc nuuz.u uu ccoz .uucuuwc uc
:u lcucxu nc..cxcc, u uc:uuc cc u:uouwc c:yx:yw. Ouuxc
cc.u uu :cu:cuu lc..uu sxcxcuuc cocsc..cs s cy.z
uyu u:uu ncu.c s cncxcuucu coc:uucsxc, :c u cc ncc.u:u
scc coc:cz.c uuuc. l uuu.c uczoz 11 cu ncuc.cuuz lOl
ow.u ocucuw nc:us yxuuucxux scucx nc luusu..c: {cxc.c
1.scsu u nc:cnc.u ncuxcuuc, sc.cc:suc xc:ccc uu \xuuuc
cuuuuuz ncsc.uc. uc:y u nc.ucc:.u ncxu:u.u qyux
ucuucsuuuc. Ic yxc s cxuoc s lucsc scuux.u ucsuz uc.cu..
uuz c:yx:yu nc ncxuu: uusuuuc: lIlll, uucu xc:ccu
zs.z.cc. ccuuuc uscwsu:c..ucusccucuucu cc:u u coc uu
qc:uuu. Ccoc:scuuc, cocuucuuc lIlll cu:u.cc. uccquu
u..uw: u ow.c ssccuc s ync:co.cuuc owsuu:u .cuu:u lOl,
nux:uccxu s nc.uc: ccc:usc nccucuu:u s a:y ncnc..uyu
:cxy. Oquuu..uc cuu u:cucsu.uc. axcncu:ycu {ncuqcuu
uw: ncc:c: .usucc xc:uucsuuuz lcucxu nc..cxcc s \xuuuc.
l Iu.uuu cocsc..w u lOl scu.u s ccc:us cy.zuwx uc:cu,
u ncucc c:u.u uc:.u c:yx:yw cquuu..ucu sccuucu uscxu.
1uu.cuuuz xu:uuu uuo.uu.uc. u s lc.cyccuu. lc sccx c.yuzx
ncnc..uw:u cc:z:u owsucu lOl yxcscu. \l {uuqc:uucu
uwu c:c. lcucxu nc..cxcc.
21 uczoz 11 cu cc sc.usu. ncnc.xcsuux lccq lw
oux, s:cc:c c u:cc:u:c.c: :uucc: luuuc: ^u:yucscxu: cuy
xc nuc:ynusuuu x ccuuuuuu uscxu. C zusuz 11 cu
Ncucus Nucsu
Ioscq 16u
JUJ Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
c:yx:yu \l c:c.u nc:cnc.u uuu:c..uwc u:cucuuz s cszu c uucsuucu uu lcc:cxc
scuucu. l uuu.c cu c:usuuu yxc nc.xcsuuxc: lwoux cx.uwsu.. `Oouu sccuuwu xcu
q.ux: c Ccsc:cxcu lcccucu ucuocxcu, nccxc..xy cuu cuu.uc. u c:csu x uc:y, a:c .uu.
scncc sc:cuu. lcxc lucucu 1:uu uu 3unu zs.zc:cz ncsw: nyux:c: s cc n.uuux`
.
l cszu c a:u: \l c:c.y ow.c ncycuc xyucsuuuc ucxc:cwx ncuc.cuuu cuu:uou nc
yxcscc:sy uoc:cu lc..cxcu sccuucu cuuuuucu. cqcu:c: lOl, cqcu:c: cxuuw
ncuuuuwx co.uc:cu u cqcu:c: nu:uuucxux cuc:suu s :w.y oc..ucsuxcs. lu a:c:
uscxu lOl ow.u uc cuuc:scuuw:, uc .usuw: uc:cuuxc: uuqc:uuu c ccsc:cxcu
c:ccuc. l cszu c ucscu cu:yuucu c:yx:yu \l c:c.u u:cuu.uc. u sw.zc.u c.cyuu:
couc:.
= ccxuz cccowx uu, cuuuuuu u uuqcs,
= ccxuz `lcc:cx`,
= ccxuz `3unu`,
= sccuucun.c:u:uccxuz ccxuz,
= nc.u:uccxuz ccxuz,
= sccuucnc.ucucxuz ccxuz,
= ccxuz ccxc:uuu:u,
= uscwsu:c..uuz ccxuz,
= ncccouc,
= cquc cszu c ^l,
= cquc cszu c sccuucu nc.uucu.
C.cyc: c::c:u:., :c cquccxux c.xucc:cu s uscxc ow.c sccc cc:., :c cc:.
uxc :cu.uc, c: ccxuu. l :u:c 11 cu lwoux nccu. ncc: yxcscu:c.z \l c:c.u
ncnc.xcsuuxy ^cuc.usy c:uu.cxc:y, xc:cwu cx.uwsu. .usucxc:uuyuc:y.
`1 luscxy nc:us oc..ucsuxcs c.cyc: ncscu:. u u.cc c cc oc..ucu uu:cucus
ucc:.u, nccxc..xy oc..ucsuc:cxcnc..cxuz scuuu ncc:us.zc:cz ucuocxucu.
2 luscxu nc:us \xuuuw c.xuu ncuscu:.cz u u.cc c nc.uw: uunzxcuuc:
cu. ssuy :cc, :c c uuc:czcc :c:cu:u scc ncnw:xu :uucc ucucuuz nc..c
xcyccxcc xcuq.ux:u uccnu.u ccoz.
luscxy nc:us Ic:uuuu u cxcc.csuxuu u.cc :cxuc cc:usu:. s qc:c uuo.u
cuuz, nccxc..xy ncc:us.zc:cz scc.:u sccz:uw:, :c sccuuyu uxuu cc c:ccuw
uuuux unuuwx cccccu sc:cxuc s uuu:c..ucu :cc ncc:su:u:. un.c:u:u
ccxu:u :c:cu:u`
4
.
\xc s unc.c 11 cu ncnc.xcsuuxu c:uu.cxcc c:cuu. :uuc luc.. lc.ccxy..
Ou cy:c. cou:.cz ysc.ucuuz u:u:u uscxu c 40 cquccs u uccxc..xc ccuuucsu. cc.
11 :uz :cc xc cu c:c. sucs. nc.yu. s c:yx:yc u:uou uc:c ll, ccxuuzsuuucz sn.c:.
c ncuxcuuz lc..uu s 1 cy. luscwsu:c..uyu cz:c..ucc:. sc.u cc ucxc:cwc
ncuc.cuuz nc..cxcu u:uu, uc x cx:zou 11 cu cc nc.ucc:.u cxcucu:ucsu.u sc
ll c:c.c nc yxcscc:sc: ncnc.xcsuuxu ^uxu.u luucu. Oucsc:cuuc xcu:uscwsu
:c..uwc cozuuucc:u ow.u uc.cuw :cxy cucu..uw: u:uoc: {s nc.ccc occswx cuc
:suu u :uuuc:cc:sc: sccuuwx c. {s scucxcsc: :w.y. lcu:uscwsu:c..uuz ccxuz
nc.yu.u ncc.c a:cc qux:uccxyu us:cuc:uu, xc:z cuuuuucuuc ncowsu.u s ccc:usc
luscwsu:c..ucc ouc. Ccxuu `lcc:cx`, `3unu` u sccuucun.c:u:uccxuz y:u:u.u cu
:cc:cz:c..ucc:.. luxucuuu: uuc: c:u.c ccuuuc uuqc:uucuucuuu.u:uccxcc luc
ccucx = x.ucscc a.c:cu:u s ucscu uscwsu:c..ucu cuc:c:c, c:scusucc u coc csc
cuuu luscwsu:c..uw: luc, luc uuqcs u yu:u ccxuz:u. lc c:ucucuuu x luc
ccucx scc cuu uu.u s:ccc:cncuuyu c... Icscc ncuc.cuuc :uxxc couou:wsu.c uu
uwc u :u:cuu.w u swnycxu.c uscwsu:c..uwc xc::uuuxc, cxc:w u xu:w, uuu.uucsu.c
uoc:y sccuuwx u::uuc u swusu.c u: uuc:yxuu. l cy..:u:c ncucucu ccuuuuuu
u:u: sccuucu uscxu uucu:wsu. :cnc. 102 cqucu, 1 yu:ccquccs u zcswx u
2 uxuucxux c.yxuux. l c:c. sxcu.u c.cyuuc c:yx:yuwc ncuc.cuuz.
= ccxuz l {luc ccucx.
= suy:cuucc u sucuucc c:c.cuuc,
= c:c.cuuc Ic:uuuu, uuuu, lc..uu u lscuuuu,
= c:c.cuuc ly:wuuu, l:u.uu, Icc.usuu u Jyuu,
= c:c.cuuc lcccuu, \xuuuw, lusxuu u lc.cyccuu,
= c:c.cuuc lc.uxcou:uuuu, c:cuuu, 1u:sw u 1u:suu,
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u JU2
= c:c.cuuc Cl1, ncuuu, lu:uz u Cuouu,
= c:c.cuuc 4uuuu, lcnuuuu u lc:yu.uu,
= ccxuz ll {luscwsu:c..ucc ouc.
= l {cuuuuucuucc c:c.cuuc {cqcu:w cuuuuucuuwu u ycouwu,
= ll {uuc:ynu:c..ucc `1` c:c.cuuc {cqcu:w Ic:uuuu, uuuu, 1sc:uu,
lscuuuu, lc..uu, Cxuuuuusuu,
= lll {uuc:ynu:c..ucc `l` c:c.cuuc {cqcu:w cxcc.csuxuu, lcuuu, ly:wuuu,
lu.xuu, l:u.uu, lcnuuuu, lc:yu.uu, 4uuuu,
= l\ {uuc:ynu:c..ucc `|` c:c.cuuc {cqcu:w Ccscu, lcc:cxu, Iclcc:cxu,
= \ {coccuu:c..ucc c:c.cuuc {cqcu:w uuo.ucuuz u ucc.ccsuuuu,
= \l c:c.cuuc {sucuucu ncnuuuw,
= \ll c:c.cuuc {suy:cuucc,
= ccxuz lll {lcccouc.
= c:c.cuuc sucuucu ncnuuuw {cqcu:w ncccw, ncnuuuw s :w.y nc:us
uuxu u xuuc.zuu,
= suy:cuucc c:c.cuuc {cqcu:w u:uuuc:u:usuwu u quuuuccswu, ncccouc,
uycuuz ccc:s :ucccscu uuqc:uuu u suy:cuucu ncnuuuw s sccyxcu
uwx cu.ux,
= ccxuz l\ {luc uuqcs, ll,
= ccxuz \ {lc.u:uccxcc ouc,
lc:c sccuuz .youuucu uscxu, ncuc.cuuz uscwsu:c..ucc ouc yxcscu
.u uscwsu:c..uw:u cuuu:u qcu:cs u uscwsu:c..ucu cz:c..ucc:.u uu :cu:cu
zx owsucu lcccuucxcu u:ncuu. Iuu..uux l c:c.cuuz xcu:c.ucsu. ll c:c. 1u:cscxc
lc.cyccxcc qcu:u u uscxy s lc.cyccuu, 4uu.zuuu u luou.:uucxux ccyuc:sux,
uuu..uux ll c:c.cuuz ll c:c. lc.wucxcc qcu:u u uscxy s lcccuu, uuu..uux lll
c:c.cuuz ll c:c. Iu.uuucxcc qcu:u u uscxy s \xuuuc, `cuuxuucxcu lcccuu`, uu
lyouuu, lusxuc u cuy, u uuu..uux l\ c:c.cuuz = ll c:c. lcc:cuwx qcu:cs u usc
xy s Cuouu. 1 qcsu.z 120 cu s c:yx:yc ll c:c.u nczsu.uc. \l ccxuz {ncnuuuu
u uuc u u:ucu u \ll ccxuz {u1u:uu:yu. 22 zusuz xcu:uscxy swc.u.u u
ccc:usu luscwsu:c..ucc ouc s \ll {coccuu:c..uyu ccxuu c cycc:scuuw: ncsw
ucuuc: cc c.u u nc.uc:cuu. l uuuc uuu coccnccuuz ccyuc:scuucu occnucucc:u
s uxuucxcu cqcc ow.u nccuuw .usuc:y xc:uucsuuuu Iccyuc:scuucu nc.uuu
{ll. Jcu xc sccuuwc xcu:uscuxu uuu.u xccuuucsu:. cscu cuc:suz c ncu
uuucu cxuucu.
ll c:c. cuu:uou c:scu. u uuc:ynu:c..uyu xcu:uscxy u
u scc suw xcu:uscwsu:c..ucc coccnccuuz s nc.ccc occswx
cuc:suu. Jw.c: scu. ycu cuu sccuucu xcu:uscxu. l uuuc
11 cu s :uuuc:cc:sc sccuuwx c. {^Clcucx u.u ^Clcu sc
uux.u nc.u:uccxuz u sccuucnc.u:uccxuz ccxuu, u xc:cwx s
c.cyuc: :cczc ow. coucsuu luqc:uucuuwu cnu:u:cu:
c sy:z ccxuz:u. nc.u:uccxcu u xcu:c.z u uucc:uuucu xc
ccncucuucu, :c.cqcuuw:u ncccscu:u u :c.cuquw:u ccco
cuuz:u. Icsuz c:yx:yu coc.yxusu.u scucxcswc :w.w u c:scu.u
:uxxc u ncc:csxy uuqc:uucuuwx xc::uuuxc c ccow:uzx s sc
cuucu u nc.u:uccxcu co.uc:zx, oc.oy c suxccxcu ncnuuucu s
scucxux u cuuuuuu xcu:ncnuuuw. l uu.c 11 cu cnu
:u:cu: sc.usu. nc.xcsuux lcyc.us ^cuucxuu. l ccc:usc a:cu
ccxc:ucu c.yxow u:c.uc. nc.u:uccxuz ccxuz c :c:z c:c.cuu
z:u. uuqc:uucuuw:, coccuu:c..uw: u xcu:c.z u xcccncu
cuucu. lcscuuu..uc xcu:uscwsu:c..uuz cz:c..ucc:. cnu:u:cu:u cuuuusu.uc.
qu..:uucu scsuuuuxcz u lcccuu nc..cxux sccuucn.cuuwx, uc ncc.c ccuuuuuu
:uuuc:cc:su s qcsu.c 120 cu nc quuycxc:y couy u ccuuuz uu cc ouc ll {lu
qc:uucuucc c:c.u ^Clcucx uu ucc ow.u sc.cxcuu c:sc:c:scuucc:. u occnucucc:.
luuusw u nu.cuuux cucucs. C:yx:yu c:c.u sw.zc.u c.cyuu: couc:.
= coccuuuuucuuuz ccxuz,
= coccuu:c..uuz ccxuz,
Nuxu ucy
JU3 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
= uuqc:uucuuuz ccxuz,
= ccxuz n.coucu:u {c uu.z 120 cu.
lc:c :cc, ll c:c. ^Clcucx ccycc:s.z. coyu cuuuuuu u xccuuuuu
xcu:uscwsu:c..ucu cz:c..ucc:u ncuucuuwx c:y ncuqcuuuwx cuucs = ll {coc
cuu:c..uwx cqcu:cs xc:uucsuuuu cucu..uwx cxycs {OI, u :uxxc uuxun.usu.
u cuou:wsu. uuuwc c cuuu:uuc: ccc:czuuu scucx, c:ucucuuzx :cxy cqucu:u u
zcsw:u, coycuuu, ucun.uuc, uuc:ccuuzx u :cu..uc: yxc scucx. l coccuu:c..uwx
cqcu:ux OI u:c.uc. ccoc:scuuwc c:yx:yuwc ncuc.cuuz.
cocc c:c.cuuc,
c:c.cuuc oc.ow cc unucuuxc: u cuoc:uxc:,
c:c.cuuc oc.ow c suxccxcu uu:uucu s scucxux,
c:c.cuuc scnc:cu:c..uwx c.yxo.
lcnc.uu:c..uw: cuuc: xcu:uscxu zs.z.uc. nc.csuz xuuu:cuz. Iccxc..xc
ncucc ll c:c. ^Clcucx uuu. nux:uxcsu:. c.cucsuuuc cscux cquccs s u.uuwc
uucuw c:uuw .z ncsccx cuc:c:w occnucucc:u uu :cc:ux u ucc:cs nccu:c..uwx
.u. l ncuc c 1 uu.z 11 cu nc 20 :uz 120 cu nc ncccuuu s unucuuxc :uxu:
couc: ow.u ucc:csuuw c.cscxu, u xc:cwx 24 ow.u ccyxcuw, uu:cuucsuuw,
swc.uuw, cc:u..uwx ccscocu.u nc uuc nc.uuu
. Ic s ncc.cuuu ccc.
a:c:y cncccoc:scsu.c ucn.cxcc quuuucucsuuuc cncu:usuwx cuucs. Jux, s 12 cy uc
zo.cxuu ouxc: cncu:usuwx ucxccs Cll Ol ll ccc:usu. 1204 .c:wx, u xc:cwx
uu cn.u:y yc.y ucu:yw ow.c uucxccsuuc 140 .c:wx, cy:cuwc u ncuc c.yxcouwc
ucxcw ccc:usu.u 1 .c:wx, xc:uuucscuwc ucxcw = 112 .c:wx, cccxuuuc
xcucnuu:usuwx xsu:u = 210 .c:wx, cn.u:u :cxuuccxcc ncccuu.u = 10 .c:wx
.
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u JUS
1osou:cu rocuyc:scuuo uouuu Iouu
l 12 cy ow.u ncsccuu cccuuz, nuuunuu..uuz ccuuuuuz nc.u:ucc
xcu {uxuucxcu xcu:uscxu. Iu a:c: u cc uuuuu:cu:u swc:ynu.u ncc:usu:c.u
s.uc:cu uu :cc:ux, :cocsusuuc ncuucuuz ccoc nc.u:uccxcu nc.uuu uu ycsuc scc
scc:s u ncsc:cs. l cy..:u:c 2 unc.z nc:.c:uuuc: u :uuuc: suy:cuuux c. lc..
uu l.uuc.us Cuxccxuu uu. cxc: co cuuuuuu s ccc:usc Iccyuc:scuucu nc.uuu
luqc:uucuucu c.yxow c uuu:u.
` c.cxcuuz u scc:u nczs.cuuz:u nc.u:uccxcu, cocc:scuucu, uuucuu..ucu u
ncqccuucu xuuu, ycxuuu:u ccyuc:scuuc:y yc:cuc:sy u.u occnucucc:u lccnyo
.uxu u uuqc:ucsuuuc s.uc:cu c uux,
c:c.cxusuuuz nc.u:uccxcc u sccuucc unucuuxu, nuc: ncc.cucc s :ccuc:
xcu:ux:c c sccuuw:u cuuu:u`
.
Icsuz c:yx:yu nc.u:uccxcu nc.uuu s couxcc ncncxuc:y u:cucsu.uc. `cqcu
uscu`, :c ow.c nc cy:u scuc. l ucc nccu.c oc..uuuc:sc cc:yuuxcs ucnycuucc
c:c.cuuz l\, u yxcscu:c.c: luqc:uucuucu c.yxow cc:u.cz ^uuuu Csc.xucu, cuc
sc:cuuc ncc.xusuuu sc.us.z:. luqc:uucuuwu c:c. cnu:u:cu:u occnucucc:u
^l. l a:c: c:c.c uuxun.usu.uc. u uuu.uucsu.uc. ncc:ynuuuc c: :cu:cuu..uwx
cuucs luqc:uucuucu c.yxow :u:cuu.w s c.zx uuqc:ucsuuuz :uuuc:u co co
cc:scuucnc.u:uccxcu cu:yuuu s c:uuc u swuoc:xu ccc:sc:c:syuux cxc:cuuuu.
lc c:yx:yu sw.zc.u c.cyuu: couc:.
1c c:c.cuuc.
cuuuuucuuwu cqcu:,
cqcu: xucs,
uucncxucuuwu cqcu:,
= 2c c:c.cuuc.
cucxuu cqcu:,
oc.cyccxuu cqcu:,
.u:cscxuu cqcu:,
uc:cxuu cqcu:,
xc::yuuc:uccxuu cqcu:,
ncqccuuwu cqcu:,
cqcu: uuucuu..uwx :cu.uuuc:s,
cqcu: .cu..uwx nu:uu,
cqcu: nc.u:uccxux ynnucscx.
l sccscc:sux s:cc:c axcncu:y c:c.cuuz l\ :cxc cu
uucswsu.uc. luqc:uucuuwc c:c.w, u:csuuc s cscc: ccc:usc
cqcu:w xucsccuuuuucuuwu, cuc:uucuuccwcxucu
u cocu uuqc:uuu.
lcz cuc:c:u nc..cxux xcu:uscwsu:c..uwx cuucs c:c
u.uc. s nuszxc x nc:usccuc:suu .usuw: couc: Ic:uuuu,
1u:sc u CCCl. Ocucsuw: nc:usuuxc: uu lcc:cxc, u .z nc.u
:uccxcu xcu:uscxu u nc sccu c:uuc ow.u ccsc:cxuc u xc
:uu:cucscxuc cncc.yxow. 1x:usucc sccc cuc:scsu. s c:uuc
Buucus
Xcuuc
{1919 1922}
Nuyuuu
oyscu
{1923 1926}
uu ryu
Nucucscu
{1926 1935}
Ioscq 1oyuuu
3uoycu
{1935 1939}
Nuyuuu soucu
JU9 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
luscyn, .usucu uucu xc:ccc uu scc.:u sccz:uwu c.yuu scuuxucscuuz ucscu scu
uw zs.z.cc. yc:uucs.cuuc uc.cxuuu uc:cu nc..cxcu u:uu, ux sccyxcuuz, occc:csucc:u
u uuucuu..ucc ccc:usu, u :uxxc uycuuc uuquc:yx:yw ncnc.uuc:cc :cu:u sccu
uwx cuc:suu. l c:uuy uoucwsu.cc. cc:ucc xc.ucc:sc ucu:cs, :cc:uuz xcu:uscxu
ucxwsu.u cuy ux cc:. u ycu, uc ncxu cc uc ncc:u.u ucxycc:sc cncu:usuwx u,
cuuoxcuuz nc:usuuxu cuuqc:uucu u swxcu uu cc cc uc ucuuqcsuuuyu ucu:yy
cc yxc swzs.cuuyu. 4uuycxuc uuc:yx:cw nc uscxc coyu.u a:c:y nc.zxcs .uu.
s cccuuc 120x ccs. l cccocuucc:z: cncu:usucu coc:uucsxu s lc..uc c:uccu.cc.
:uxxc uccowuc ccc ccyuc:scuucc quuuucucsuuuc xcu:uscwsu:c..uwx cuucs
u nc.u:uccxcu nc.uuu, u :uxxc nc:u uc cxwsusucccz c: cocc:scuucc:u uucxcc u
ncscc:cc:ucc nu:cucuuc nw:cx uu cnccux. 1uocnw:uc :uxxc, :c s cnucwsuc:wu nc
uc ssuy c:cy:c:suz cuucc yc.csucc xccxcu u:uuuc:u:usucnc.u:uccxuu cxu: s
u.uuwx uc:zx c:uuw ow. uccuuuxcs. l luuusc cuc:scsu.u c:u:.u ccsc.uucuucc
cccuucxcc yc.csucc y.cxcuuz, s lcuuuu = nyccxcc uxcucu:c..c:sc, sc 1.scsc =
usc:uucxcc, u s cy..:u:c cosuuzc:wc nc c.u: c unucuuxc u.u ccyuc:scuucu u:cuc
s c:c.uc ucxcsu.u nc.yu:. ccz:u.c:uuu ccx :uc:ucc ux.ucuuz, u:c s ucxc:cwx
yux :cc:ux :c.u c:c.u:.cz :uxcu:y: :c:z = nz:.u cu:u. lc.zxu :uuucuuc uc
cscusc c:uccu.uc. x uucc:uuu:, nca:c:y succuuc uc.cu.cs nc nucnc:u: uxuu
:c:.ux ccyuc:s scxcc ow.c ncxucuc nc nuuuc n.c:ucc nc.ucucxcc xcu:c.z u
:uxu:u .uu:u. 3u:c scc.:u ycouw: uuc:y:cu:c: .z uoc:w cc:usu.uc. xcynuz. Ouu
ncsc:u.u :u: uuc:c..xc nwuuc, :c a:c uc nc:uuy. c::c:u:. uxc ccxcuu..uc uus
uuu a:y nco.c:y lcu.u. ` cu:uu, :c .u:u:cquwx un.c:u:cs u cucu:cs sccx oc
ucx.ucuuz :cxuc xynu:.. lcncc :c..xc s cuc`
.
\xuuuuwc ncc:cuw s uscxc nusc.u x ncc.cuc:y :cxsccuuc:y cycc:scuuc:y
u:cucuuu c:yx:yw ll c:c.u. lc ccc:czuuu uu 10 c cuu sw.zc.u c.cyuu: co
uc:.
JJ9 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
= l c:c.cuuc {cuuuuucuucc.
= cqcu: cuuuuuu, :cou.uuuu u coycuuz,
= cqcu: xucs,
= cqcu: ccoc:scuuwx uuqcs,
= quuuuccswu cqcu:,
= ll c:c.cuuc {uscwsu:c..ucc.
= llu c:c.cuuc {uscxu.
= cqcu: `lcc:cx`,
= cqcu: `3unu`,
= :cxuuccxuu cqcu:,
= uucuscwsu:c..uwu cqcu:,
= llo c:c.cuuc {xcu:uscxu.
= cqcu: uuucuu..uwx :cu.uuuc:s,
= xcu:uscwsu:c..uwu cqcu:,
= cqcu: uu:w {cxuuu ccoc:scuuwx ccxc:cs,
= cqcu: `l` {cncu:usuwc uw, ucu:yuccncu:usuuz uoc:u s cuuux c
cyuc:scuucc ynus.cuuz u uu sccuuwx co1cx:ux, xcu:uscwsu:c..ucc n.u
uucsuuuc, cxuuu sccuucu :uuuw, xcu:uscwsu:c..ucc nuxw:uc sccuuwx
:uucscs u nc:uscusccucuucc coccnccuuc co1cx:cs sc suu:ccuc:suu c
nc.uucu,
= cuuuuucuuwu cqcu:,
= lll c:c.cuuc {ccucx.
= c.cncuscc:sc `lcccuz`,
= c.cncuscc:sc `Ic:uuuz`,
= ccxc:uuu: u uxusw,
= l\ c:c.cuuc {ccsccs.
= cqcu: 1uu uuuu,
= ccscuc:uuu:uwu cqcu: {ccuxu nc.u:uccxux u sccuuwx c:ccu :cxy
uucuwx ccsccs c :cxu cuuz coccnccuuz occnucucc:u ccyuc:su u uuu.u
ccc:czuuz uu:w :uuu:uwx ny:cu cccocuuz,
= Oouu cqcu:,
= luuc.zuz.
lcc:us.zc: cncc.cuuwu uu:ccc ucxccsuuuc ouxc:uwx ccc:s ll c:c.u .us
ucc u:uou, s 12 cy ccc:us.zsuux nc:u :u..ucucs .c:wx. 24 u uux ow.u uc:u
cuw uu xcu:uscwsu:c..uwc c.u, 2 = uu uscwsu:c..uwc {u uux 1 = nc:us
CCCl, = nc:us Ic:uuuu u 2 = nc:us 1u:sw, = uu cuuuuuu usccu
cuucu uoc:w, = uu :cxuuccxcc coccnccuuc u 24 = uu ncuc c.u
. lyxcscc:sc
uscxu uuc:uusu.c uu :c:, :c a:u cy::u uc ncxwsuc: uccoxcu:wx u:u:, u :cocsu.c
ysc.uu:. ouxc: c :u..ucucs, uc nc.yu.c c:xu.
l :uxc: suc nc..cxuz uscxu sc:ynu.u s 10c cw.
lc ux:usucc:u uscwsu:c..ucu uoc:w c lc..ucu :c.u cusuu:.cz .uu. ucxc:cwc
luou.:uucxuc ccyuc:su, c :cu:cuu xc:cwx cuc:scsu.u nux:uccxu scc scyuc
ccxc:uwc c.yxow. CCCl ucc:u:usu. ux s xucc:sc n.uu:u .z sccuuz cncu:usucu
uoc:w nc 3unuy, u cc nc:usuuxu c:c:u.uc. cu.ucsu:. ou:uucxyu xcucnuu o.cxu
csuuuz ccsc:cxcu uuuw c: lu.:uucxcc c cucc :ccu. lcc.:u cu..uw ow.u ncuuu
nc..cxcu uscxu s cucuc. luuusu c 11 cu nuc:ynu.u x coucsuuuu uu:uccsc:
cxcc `Ccuu luou.:uucxux ccyuc:s`, s xc:cwu ncscuuu..uc uu:ccsu.uc. scs.c.
4uu.zuuu, c:cuuu, 1u:suu u 1u:sy. Ouuxc ncc.cuzz, xux yxc c::cu.cc., scxcc
swu.u u o.cxu u uuz.u uxc uc ucu:u..uyu, u cxccc ncccsc:cxyu ncuuu. Iuuoc.cc
ux:usuw:u .cuu:u u..zucu zs.z.uc. lc..uu, 4uu.zuuz u c:cuuz. 1u:suz nucxu
su.uc. s a:c: c:ucucuuu csc..uc ccxuuucu .uuuu, xc:z u:cuuc s luc s usyc:c 11
cu ccc:cz.cc. ncscc ccscuuuc oyyux .cucs `Ccuu luou.:uucxux ccyuc:s` c
yuc:uc: ncc:usu:c.cu 1u:suu, 1u:sw, c:cuuu, lc..uu u c.cu:cs c: cucu.cs Ic
uuu u lc:cu:u1su.csu. l c.cyuc: cy ncccscw ncc.xu.uc., uc :cnc. s uux
yuc:scsu.u 4uu.zuuz, c:cuuz, 1u:suz u lc..uu.
l a:c:y sc:cuu lC4Cl yxc uuu.u uucuxu:. cscu ucu:yy s ccccuux ccyuc:sux,
s :c: uc.c s 1u:suu. l 122 cy luscyn nc.yu. uuuwc nc cc sccyxcuuw: cu.u:
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u J2U
c: 20 ucu:cs, uuxcusuuxcz uu cszu y uc.cu..ucc cucu:u ^u:uuu 3c.:wuz {`u
Ccuc` u `.cu..ucc` cucu:u, nc:cuuxu sccuucc u::uuc lC4Cl s luc 1ucucu
luxcuc. l 12 cy a:u cc:. ncsc.uc. nc.uc:y uc:y. Oncu:usuuz uoc:u s 1u:suu
sccoucsu.uc. .uu. cc su cu, xcu ucswu `.cu..uwu` cucu: luscynu 1uuu
cy:c. uu.uu:. nc.ycuuc uuqc:uuu u nccc..c:s lc.uxcou:uuuu u ncuuu. lc ucu
:yuwu unnuu: ow. couuuw: u usc:s.cuuw:, u uuuoc.cc cuuw: uc:cuuxc: zs.z.cz
cc:yuux ccyuc:scuucc xcu:c.z 1u:suu 1..qc lu:c.c. 3u c c cx:zoz 12 nc
cx:zo. 12 cu cucu:yu cow.u u nccc.u.u s |cu: :u:cuu.cs, cuuxc ncucc
:cc:uuz xcu:uscxu .uxsuucsu.u cc.
1u:suu ow.c c.cxuc nc:uscc:cz:. ccsc:cxc:y uu:ucxy s cuucxy, :c: oc.cc, :c cc
yxcscu:uz nc.xcsuuxc: 1.cxcuuc: luu:ccc: uscxu uoc:u.u sz.c u occnc:cuc,
s cccocuucc:u xcu:uscwsu:c..uwu cqcu:. l cszu c a:u: ncucc cuu ow.u sx.ucuu
s ccc:us cncu:usucc c:c.u cucu..ucc u:uou, u luu:cc c:c:uucu c: c.xucc:u u u
:cucu ncnc.xcsuuxc: Iccc: luxxy.cc:, cucsc:cuuc sc.us.zsuu: cncu:usuwu u
ncuucuuwu c:y uscwsu:c..uwu c:c.w. 1u:suz ccuc uyxu.uc. s nccxxc, u c 0
:u:u nc unc.z 12 cu s luc nc nuxw:uc: ccscuuuz axcnc:cs nc nco.c:u:
ucyxcuuz ncu.u xcuqccuuz uscwsu:c..uwx c.yxo luou.:uucxux ccyuc:s c
yuc:uc: ly:wuuu. lc uuuuu:usc lc..uu uu ucu cocyxu.uc. :uxuc :c:w, xux ccuuuc
cucu:y uu :cu:cuu CCCl, cuuuuuz ccs:cc:ucu uucuscxu, ucnc..csuuuc
sc:cxucc:cu sccuuwx u::uuc c:uuyuc:uu .z cszu c uc.cu..ucu ucu:ycu uu ccsc:
cxcu :cu:cuu u ccs:cc:uwc xcu:uscwsu:c..uwc :ccnuz:uz. l cy..:u:c .youuu
sccuuz uscxu ow.u cuuucuu 20 00 xu.c:c:u:u, u unuuuz uc:. CCCl uc.c
uu uu ccx:cw c:sc:c:scuucc:u. 1u:suu c:scu.uc. cuu cncuuu, cuuucuuuz .uuuz:u
luu lcxcs c ccscu u luu C:c.cucx c uu. c:cucxuz cuu .cxu.u :cxy .uuuz:u
Ju..uuu lc.ccc:cs u Ju..uuu lcxcs. lc..cxuu ccx:c cuuuusu.cz .uuuz:u lu..uc
lc.cx c ccscu u 1.scs Occcu c uu. ly:wuuz c:scu.u u sccuuc uscxu x ccscy
c: .uuuu cucsuw lucs.
Icc:c:z uu uu.uuc cc:u:cuc :scwx ccsccuucc:cu, 1u:suz nc u.uuw: nu
uuu: uc c:u.u ux:usuw: yuc:uuxc: ync:zuy:cc uscwsu:c..ucc o.cxu nc:us CCCl.
Ic s ncc.cuuu ccc. s a:c: cwu.c c.. cc :u:c..uc cxwsusucccz, cuuxc scc xc u
:ccuucc sccuuw: u::uuc lc..uu s luc co.uxcuuc c 1u:scu. Iuu..uux luqc:uucu
ucc c:c.u cucu..ucc u:uou 1u:sw :uuc Iu.uc s 12 cy ccscu.cz co c:xw:uu
s c:c.uc 1u:suu csccu cucu:yw, u sncc.cc:suu s :uuuc c: luuusw :u: xc ncu.u
sc:cu yxcscu:c.cu usccx :cx luou.:uucxux ccyuc:s u 4uu.zuuu.
l c:.uuc c: 1u:suu, 4uu.zuuz u c:cuuz c:ucc.uc. x suu:ccuc:suu s cncu:us
ucu co.uc:u cc sccu cc.cucc:.u. Oou a:u ccyuc:su xuuuc occncxcu.u cuc:suz CCCl,
uc :c..xc ccycc:s.zsucc uu ux :cu:cuu :uuucuuwc u nc:c:y s xuxcu:c c:cncuu
:cnu:wc uscwsu:c..uwc cncuuu, uc u nw:usucccz cscuy:. ux ccyuc:scuuwu
c:cu.
l 121 cy ccsc:cxuz sccuuuz uscxu yxc u:c.u s c:c.uc c:cuuu uc.cu..uyu
:cxy c :c:z nccucu:yu:u, ncucc x uu: cousu.uc. cc ucc:., uoc:usuux c uc:c
uuxu:u nc luou.:uucxu: ccyuc:su:, lscuu, 4uu.zuuu u uuuu. c a:cc cncuuu
uu ac:cucxcu :cu:cuu c uuuz 120 cu ccycc:s.z.uc. u lc:cuu cc ncuuu
uwc uscwsu:c..uwc nyux:w s lcxcsc u I.csc. l c:.uuc c: lc..uu u 4uu.zuuu,
ncwsuyu uoc:y s luou.:uxc ncscuuu..uc sc. ucx.uu:c..uc lc:uu:cu. ^cc:uwc
s.uc:u cuucsu.u uu cc cuc:suz xuuuc cxc. l uc:ucc:u, s 122 cy s c:sc: uu uc
xuuuc s ^ccxsc u lc:cuc .cucs ac:cucxux :ccswx :uccuu s Ju..uuuc ow. ucc:c
.zu uscc:uwu xc::yuuc: lux:c luuuccnn.
l 124 cy s Oc:c.c llll cuu.u, :c cu:yuuz ccc.u .z uxsu:u s.uc:u sc
cyxcuuw: ny:c:, u uuu.u qc:ucsu:. occswc ynnw xc::yuuc:uccxcu nu:uu c:c
uuu. l xcuy cccuu cuu yxc cscu.uc. s c:w u ou:u..cuw u uucu:wsu.u c 1000 c.cscx,
u xc:cwx s c:c.uc ucnc.uu.uc. nu:cuc 400. Iu :cu:cuu Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu s xu
cc:sc ccsu .z nccxxu swc:yn.cuuz ow.u ncc:cs.cuw cc 00 ac:cucs. Iuu..
uuxc: u:uou occswx c:zcs c:u. xucswu sccuuwu l. ^. lu::, s u..ucuuc: uoc:uux
cucu:y sccuucu uscxu s luuxuc u Jzu.uuc. lccc:uuuc uuu.cc. 1 uczoz 124
cu u cc ucc:. uccs ncc.c ncscuuu..uwx ycncxcs ow.c ncus.cuc nusu:c..c:scuuw:u
J2J Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
scucxu:u. Icxc:cwc ynnw ncc.xu.u ccnc:us.cuuc c cxuoz, cuuxc a:c zs.z.cc.
yxc ncc:c ucuucu. 1x:usuwc cuc:suz s c:cuuu oc.cc uc ncnuuu:u.uc., u:c :u:
cxc ycu.u. cscu cz:c..ucc:. lIO. l xcc ncsccuuz cncu:usucu uw `Jcc:` s nc.c
cuuz ccsc:cxcu uscxu ncnu. sccuuwu u::uuc c:cuuu s ^ccxsc lc:uu lux, ncc.c
ncsuu:c..ucc uycuuz uscocsuuuwu s 122 cy ucu:u:u OIl\ Onncny:c: u lc
.ccuuxcsw:. uxc ncucuucc ncu:c..c:sc Onncny:u u ncnw:xu uco.ucuuz u: ucu
:yw OIl\ uc :cy: u::u:. cc uc.yy s a:cu scocsxc, cucu u cu:wx cy..:u:usuwx s
uc:cuu ccsc:cxcu uscxu. lux cc:uc uoc:u. uu CCCl 1 .c:, u s suc o.ucuucc:u
cc, xux u :ucxcc:sc yux ync:zuy:wx s a:cu xuuc ccsc:cxux uscuxcs, ucc:c.z.u
s ^ccxsc nc ccscucuuc quu:uc:uccxc:y cosuucuuu.
luu:ccuc:suc sc.us.zsucucz ncnc.xcsuuxc: 1uyu:c: ac:cucxcu uscxu c
uucc:uuuw:u nu:ucu:u s 120c cw ccycc:s.z.cc. csc..uc ux:usuc. l uc: ncxu
cc uc yuc:scsu.u uc:w, ccc. xc:cwx uuc:uuc: :c..xc s c.cyuc: ccz:u.c:uu, u:c
ac:cucxcnc..cxcc cc:yuucc:sc ususu.cc. scc.:u uuu:uuc. Icxc:ccc cx.uxcuuc s
uc: uuc:ynu.c s :uc 12 cu, xcu sccuucc :uuuc:u c:cuuu, scncxu cc cxuuuuz:,
uc uuuu.u ccuc: `lc.cuuz lcc:u:yuz` 1c x.uccu. Ou couc.cz u unc:u. xcu:ux:w
ccuuwx ccyuc:s nc .uuuu uscxu swuc ycsuz u:cc:u:c.z uuu..uuxu cucu..ucc
u:uou. l c.cyuc: cy s Ju..uuuc ncu.u ccxc:uwc ncccscw c:uucxcu u scucc
xcu uscwsu:c..uwx c.yxo, s cy..:u:c xc:cwx y uux nczsu.uc. nc:u .cu..uuz sc:cx
ucc:. ccu:. s luou.:uxc cscu uuquc:yx:yw. C.yuuuc yuusuuc co a:c: nc.zxu ow.u
oyxsu..uc ucxucsuuw scc.c:uw: ncsccuuc: ccuuuxu nc uscwsu:c..uc:y o.cxy u
uu uccxc..xc .c: uuu:c..uc ccxu:u.u nccuy c:y :u:cuu.cs ll c:c.u. Cc:yuucc:sc
ncc:cncuuc uuu.c sccc:uuus.usu:.cz .uu. s uuu.c 10x ccs, uc ucuuc.c. lcxcc ac
:cuw nc.ucc:.u nccx.uu.uc. uu suu:ccuc:suc c Ic:uuucu.
luxucu cncucu oucu .z a:uuu:cxux u zu unuuwx cncc.yxo nc:us CCCl
c.yxu.u 4uu.zuuz. lc uscxu ncscu.u u cu:cc:cz:c..uwc cncuuu nc:us .usucc
nc:usuuxu, xuxcsw: sn.c:. c 14 cu cu:u.cz Ccsc:cxuu Ccu. 4uucxuc cncc.yxow
scuux.u s 11 cy, u s 11 cy uc.u.uc. uu sccuuyu uscxy, sccuuyu xcu:u
scxy u uxuucxyu |cu:u..uyu cwcxuyu nc.uuu.
lccuuc uscxu s uu:cccux sccyxcuuwx cu. c:uuw, cquuu..uc u:cucsusuuxcz
Ooccuu:c..uw:u cu.u:u, c:uccu.cc. x xc:nc:cuuu l:ccc {uscwsu:c..ucc c:c
.u cuu:uou, ucu:yucu uoc:cu s xc:cc: uc: O:c.cuuc c:u:uc:uxu. Ouc ucnc.uu.c
csc..uc usu:cu uuquc:yx:ycu s luunyu {lwocc, luzuuu, lusuuuc:u, lcusuc:c,
lc:xc, lyc.czsu, lyycu:c, 1uxcuncx.z, lccuc, lcsuuuc:u, Cc:usu.c, Jcucxu u 7uu
xc, ccc:czsucu u c:c..uwx ncc:cs u ncuuuuwx nccnuscuwx nyux:cs .z uoccxu
ucu:yw cc `c.cuyu` uuuy. lc:us Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu cuc:scsu.u :cxu s luuny
u, luzuuu, lcsuuuc:u, Cc:usu.c u Jcucxu. luxuz u uux c:scu.u u uoc:y uu cscc:
uunus.cuuu. l xc:nc:cuuu ncc:cs s Jcucxu u lwocc c:uccu.cc. .cuuuucxcc uu
nus.cuuc, s Cc:usu.c = nc:cusccxcc, s luzuuu = xc:cxcoc.c:ccxcc, s lcsuuuc:u
= :y:uucxcc. 3u ncuc uoc:w c 120 nc 14 cw quucxuz sccuuuz uscxu uoccu.u
s CCCl uc :cucc 400 uc.cu.cs. lc:c :cc, uc:. ucu:yw uunus.z.uc. nc cquuu..uw:
xuuu.u: :ccs.u, xy..:yucc co:cuu, :yu:u u ncu:.
luscxu c .cu..uwx ncuuu ccycc:s.z.uc. cu.u:u ccuuucc s 11 cy unnuu:u
sccuuwx u::uuc. lcscuuu..uc cuu ow.u uxxcu:csuuw .uu. s c:wcx cscncucxux c:c
.uux u ncuuz.uc. lucc:uuuc:y c:c.cuuu uscwsu:c..ucc c:c.u cuu:uou, cuuxc
u::uuc s ^ccxsc c:uccu.cz x u:u:y O:c.cuuz c:u:uc:uxu u u:wxu.cz ucncccc:scuuc uu
u:cc:u:c.z cc uuu..uuxu. l c:.uuc c: xc..c, cu uc ccs:cu. cscu c.xucc:. c uxxc
u:uucu s ccccuux c:uuux, u c.uxc: ccccc:cusu.cz uu uycuuu Ccsc:cxcc Ccuu
u s uuu:c..uc oc..ucu c:cncuu zs.z.cz uscuxc:, ucxc.u sccuuw: un.c:u:c:. 7c:z
4uu.zuuz nw:u.uc. c:uuucsu:. s sccuuu uscxu nc:us CCCl, .uuyuyu c.. s
ou.:uucxc: o.cxc uu.u scc xc lc..uu. l:cuuc cuu xccuuucsu.u uscwsu:c..uyu
uoc:y .cucs `Ccuu luou.:uucxux ccyuc:s`, ucncc.z.u uuu u sc.u ccucsuyu
uoc:y c a:uuu:u:u, xc:cwx s 121 cy s cucuc uucu:wsu.cc. :wcz. lcc .u:u:
cquwc ccyuc:su, u ucx.ucuuc: 1u:sw, succu.u cscu .cn:y s a:y cz:c..ucc:., uc n.c
u:u cc nc..csu.uc. :uxxc 4uuuz u lc.uxcou:uuuz, c:uusuuccz occ. ccoc:scuuwx
xucswx uscuxcs.
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u J22
Ccsc:cxuu Ccu uc.u. 4uu.zuuu ccu cscux ncsccccuwx co1cx:cs. cc:u:cuc
c::c:u:., :c cu:wu ncswu uxccuuwu ucu:uc.cu. ll, xc:cw: zs.z.cz owsuuu u
u:c.. uc:w `cu.u` u ynus.zuuu ucoc..uu: nc:cucxu: ouuxc: 1. 4. 4u.unncs
{`1cxuu`, ow. uunus.cu u:cuuc s a:y c:uuy. C zusuz nc :u: 11 cu cu uccxc..xc
u ncccu. Ic..cuuqcc {7c..cuuxu .z uycuuz uu :cc:c nc.u:uccxcu cu:yuuu u
uuc:ccuuu ccu :czxcs uc.cucsusuuxcz :u: xcuo.cu lu.:uucxcc q.c:u, u :uxxc
.z coc.ccsuuuz ccc:czuuz :cc:uwx cuucs cccuucxcu :ccxcu xcu:uscxu. lccuuuz
uscxu uuz.uc. a:u: uunus.cuuc: ncucc, u:c scc.:u ux:usuc. lc ncsw: cucu:c:
s 4uu.zuuu s ccu:zoc 121 cu c:u. l. . lcuuuxuc, u s unc.c 122 cu s 7c..cuuxu
nczsu.cz u `.cu..uwu` cucu: = nc:cuux sccuucc u::uuc 1. . lccc, cuc:scsusuuu
nc u:cuc: 1syc:u 1u..c:zu. lc yu: uuuw:, uuc:czu: cucu:c: s 7c..cuuxu scc
xc zs.z.cz uc lccc, u sccuuwu u::uuc 1. 1. lcoucs, cuuxc a:c :cucc sccz:uc. lcc.c
ncsu.u s 12 cy uscynnw l. cxxu.c quuuw swc.u.u cocux, uc ccuuuwu u:u
ucu:yuwu unnuu: cuc:scsu. c 12 cu. lc ccc:czuuu uu 122 c :cxu lcuc:ynu s
7c..cuuxu u:c.u uu cszu 2 ucu:cs sccx xu:ccuu, s uc.c xc:cwx ow.u scc.:u nccncx
:usuwc. :c ncsc.u.c lcuuuxucy u cc ncc:uuxu: cowsu:. uuqc:uuu xux s sccuuwx
u un.c:u:uccxux xyux 4uu.zuuu, :ux u s ucnc.uusuuxcz :u: a:uuu:cxux cuuu
uuzx. Cu..uwu yu nc ucu:yuw: ncuuz: ccsc:cxcu sccuucu uscxu uuucc ncoc
s 122 cy cc uc.cu..ucc cucu:u s 7c..cuuxu 1. l. C:uucsu, ncsc.usuuu quuuu:
uc:u:. uuu:c..uyu uc:. uc.cu..ucc unnuu:u lcuc:ynu s c:uuc.
l cszu c swccxcu uscwsu:c..ucu ux:usucc:.u ccncc..ucc ccyuc:su suxuyu
c.. s cuc:c:c cncu:usuwx cuucs 4uu.zuuu uu.u sccuuuz u uxuucxuz xcu:
uscxu. l cc uuu: c:uccu.uc. xux coccnccuuc occnucucc:u sccuuwx u uxuucxux
co1cx:cs c:uuw, :ux u sccuuc uscxu s uu:cccux xcu:uscxu, s :c: uc.c u u
xccuucu. |cu:u..uuz cwcxuuz nc.uuz s ccucsuc: uuu:u.uc. scnccu:u coccnccuuz
occnucucc:u ccyuc:su u ncc:czuuc c:u.xusu.uc. s csccu cz:c..ucc:u c nczs.cuuz:u
xc::yuuc:uccxcu ux:usucc:u. lc .usuw: nc:usuuxc: zs.z.uc. uc.cu..uwc c:yx:yw
cu:u..ucc xc:u:c:u xc::yuuc:uccxcu nu:uu 4uu.zuuu, ucc.cuz xc:ccu c 1
cu nc..csu.uc. s c:uuc uc:u.cu ncny.zucc:.u u nccxxcu cu:wx u.uuwx c.ccs
uucc.cuuz. Iuxcusuuucz s lC4Cl |l :cc:ucu xc:nu:uu s xcuc 11 cu cuuucsu.
s 7c..cuuxu 4uucxcc ouc, s ccc:usc xc:ccc u:c.uc. nc.u:uccxuz, sccuuuz u :c.ccx
uuz .uuuu. lccuuuz .uuuz c:scu.u u uc.cu..uwc cncuuu, s :c: uc.c uscwsu:c..uyu
u ncnuuuuc:cxyu cz:c..ucc:. u scocsxy xuuuu:cs s lxc.y xucuwx cquccs s
lc:cuc. C.cyc: c::c:u:., :c s ucc:u:usuc:wu ncuc s ccsc:cxux uscwsu:c..
uwx c.yxoux cc uc cuc:scsu. unc: uu ucnc..csuuuc s uc.cu..uwx cncuuzx .cucs
:cc:uwx xc::yuuc:uccxux nu:uu, nca:c:y |cu:u..uuz cwcxuuz nc.uuz cucsc:cuuc
c:u.xusu.uc. c ccycc:s.cuuc: cuu:u u :c:u xc .uu:u, cuuucswsusuu:u xux ux:w
nc.u:uccxcu oc.ow, :ux u unucuux. l a:c: scnccc nc.ucucxuc suu:ccuc:scsu.u c
cuuu:u sccuucu xcu:uscxu, u:cucsusuu:ucz s u.uuwc ncucw uc:cuu c:uuw
ncuuc:y. lcscuuu..uc xcu:uscwsu:c..uw: coccnccuuc: Ooccuu:c..uwx cu. u
uu:u.cc. O:c.cuuc uucu 1 c c:c.u cuu:uou, 1 zusuz 120 cu nccqc:uc
suuucc s O:c.cuuc uucu sccuucu uscxu c ncuqcuuuw:u :cxu:u s Jyxy, Jcuuc,
Cc:usu.c, luuzcxu u luunyu, u :uxxc nuxc:uuucsuuuw:u x uuucuu: cqucu:u.
sy:z ccucsuw:u uunus.cuuz:u uoc:w O:c.cuuz zs.z.uc. nc:usccuc:suc yc:c:.c
uuz: uucc:uuuwx, s ncsyu ccc. ccsc:cxux uscwsu:c..uwx cuucs, u oc.ou c xc:
:yuuc:uccxcu ux:usucc:.u suy:u Ooccuu:c..uwx cu. 4uu.zuuu, ccs:cc:uc ccc:us.zs
uuc cy:. xcu:uscwsu:c..ucc coccnccuuz uc:cu u ncuc.cuuu u co1cx:cs sccuucu
nc:wu.cuucc:u. I.usucu uucu sccuucu xcu:uscxu zs.z.cc. cucuuc ncscu:usuwx
uu. Ouu cuc:scsu.u nc c.cyuu: uunus.cuuz:.
= n.uuucsuuuc u ncsccuuc xcu:uscwsu:c..uwx :ccnuz:uu,
= swzs.cuuc, ncscxu u uuoc:xu uucc:uuucu ucu:yw,
= swzs.cuuc u cncu:usuuz uuoc:xu cszcu sccuucc.yxuux c uucc:uuu:u u
xc::yuuc:u:u c ucnc..csuuuc: ccyccs |cu:u..ucu cwcxucu nc.uuu,
= uu:u co1cx:cs u ycxcuuu Ooccuu:c..uwx cu. c: usccuu u ncc:ynuwx
ncczu:c..c:s,
= ucc.ccsuuuc ccyuc:scuuwx ncc:yn.cuuu s Ooccuu:c..uwx cu.ux u uu co1cx
:ux sccuucu nc:wu.cuucc:u,
J23 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
= ccycc:s.cuuc sccx sucs cuyw,
= ncscxu .cz..ucc:u sccuucc.yxuux,
= xcu:c.. u ncowsuuuc: s c:uuc uucc:uuuwx sccuuwx ncc:usu:c.cu {ccs:cc:
uc c lucc:uuuw: c:c.cuuc: u |cu:u..ucu cwcxucu nc.uucu,
= yc:, uuu.u, cuc:c:u:uuuz u xuucuuc :u:cuu.cs, u:cuux c:ucucuuc x sccu
ucu xcu:uscxc,
= swzs.cuuc cnucuwx .z occnucucc:u ccyuc:su uuc:ccuuu u c.yucs ncwsucu
ncnuuuw,
= swzs.cuuc nc:cuuu..uwx cc:ucs.
.z swnc.ucuuz sccx a:ux :ucccouuwx uu cu. O:c.cuuz uucu zsuc uc xsu
:u.c, cccocuuc cc.u nuuz:. sc suu:uuuc cc u ncucuccxyu uoccxy cc ucu:yw u
yocx. Oncu:usuwc cc:uxcuuz quucxcu xcu:uscxu s ncscc ncc.csccuucc ccz:u
.c:uc ow.u ucuuu:c..uw u uc:c cscu.uc. uu uc: ncsu.u:u cc ucu:yw, s :c: uc.c u
uu :cu:cuu CCCl. lncswc cuu cou.uc. uuu:c..ucc ycncxu s 12 cy. .u:c..uuz
u :u:c..uuz uuoc:xu sccuucu .uuuu |l xc:nu:uu 4uu.zuuu yscuu.uc. ycncxc:, u
1 qcsu.z 12 cu s 7c..cuuxu ccc:cz.cz cy uu nux:uccxu nc.uw: ccc:usc: cc y
xcscc:su, uscc:uwu xux `c.c 4cuxcocuuxu:y, 2`, nc uccy uc:.cuucu u:uo
xsu:uw ncnc..ucu c:yx:yw nu:uu. Iu cyc ow.c cxuuuc, :c xc::yuuc:w ncc:usu.u
ncc ccocu uuy sucu:.cz s xuxcc ncuc.cuuc Ooccuu:c..uwx cu., sn.c:. c c:,
s xc:cwx n.uuucsu.cc. u:c:. nc :u ncc:usu:c.z sccuucu .uuuu. lyxcscu:c.u c:uwx
zccx ncuuz.uc. `ou:u..cuuc:y cuuuu:cy`, u :c:, s cscu ccc., u:wxu.cz uu nc
ccu:c.z sccuucc xc:u:c:u. l a:ux xc:u:c:ux ux 1c .cuw sc.us.z.u ucusucu:yu c:
cuc:c:w c:uwx zccx uscwsu:c..uyu cc:., 2c .cuw scu.u scocscucu uoc:cu, u u
uuxcu.uc. s ccsc u swnc.uz.u cccowc ncycuuz. lccuuwc xc:u:c:w ncuuz.uc. usu
ucuuw: cuuuu:cu:, xyucsusuu: c:wc cuw, uu xc:cwc ow.u uou:u c:uuu.
= 7c..cuuxu, Jycy.u, 7uuxc, Jyxy, sccuuc:ccxuc cu.w,
= lcysc.u, lcuu, luuxxu, \::u, 1unnccuuu:u, lzxucu.:u, luunyu, Jcucxu, luu
sc.u, lc..c:zxu, lusuuuc:u,
= 1ux:u, ^uxc.u, lycnnuc,
= luuxu:zxu, 7z:ccu.uuuu, luucu, Oy.y.
lwcuu: yxcscu:c.c: sccuucu .uuuu zs.z.cz u:cucxuu cuuuu:c, cu xc c:scu.
u u sccuuc uscxu s uuuoc.cc suxuwx cqcux.
lcz a:u c:yx:yu ncc.c nccccu 12 cu ow.u uc:.cuu u qux:uccxu ncxu
:u.u cycc:scsuuuc. lccoc xc u ncuc c 120 nc 12 cw nc .uuuu ccyuc:scuucu
occnucucc:u ow.u ncscuy:w ucc:y 1 c.cscx, u uux 1044 u u:cuy, u 12 = u
unucuux
.
lcc.c a:cc uuu..uux l:ccc c:c.u coccuu:c..uwx cu. 4uu.zuuu lc.uuc nc
:cc:csu. yxc uc c:c..xc nc:us :ux:csxu qux:u nccuc.cxuuu syx usuuu, cxc..xc
nc:us yuuuxu:c..ucu ccuxu sc:cxucc:cu csccu c.yxow. luu.cc., :c ycncuuc uuu
:cc cc:yuucc:sc ncsc:cz oyxsu..uc s cu:c: uuu.c, uc quuuw cuu.u ncc:ynu:. uuuc.
Ouu ncnw:u.uc. cxuu:. cscu ccc:cz:c..ucc:. s cqcc uscxu u uccxuuuuc .z nc.zxcs
s cucc:ccuuc: nczxc nccu.u u: 22 suxuwx cxy:cu:u co cuuuuuu llC lucucu
1:uu uu Ccscuc: lusxuc, c sccuuc:ccxc: yu.uc u:cuu 4yuc, c :uucsux lll1
12 cu u c u:u:ux u:uou u \nus.cuuz llC lucucu 1:uu. lcxcc nc.zxu yocu.uc.,
:c a:c ow. .uu. anucuccxuu ycncx quuucs, u s c.c: cuu uc :cy: cu:u:.cz nc.uccu
uw: ccuuuxc: u nux:uccxu nc.ucc:.u usucz: c: uu.uuu.
Oncc.cuuyu ux:usucc:. s cncu:usucu co.uc:u nczs.z.u 1u:su, scc cu.w xc:ccu
ow.u yc:c:.cuw uu oc.oy c lc..ucu. ll c:c. .usucc u:uou cc sccyxcuuwx cu. ccc:cz.
u :cx c:c.cuuu.
= uuqc:uucuucc {uscwsu:c..ucc,
= xcu:uscwsu:c..ucc,
= yc:ucc:u:uc:uccxcc.
lcuqcuuuwu unnuu: c:c.u ow. ncc:us.cu sy:z uscwsu:c..uw:u nyux:u:u
uu nc..cxcu uuuc u cuu: = uu c:uucxcu. lsuy c:cy:c:suz un.c:u:uccxux c:uc
ucuuu ll c:c. uc u:c. :ccx s lc..uc, u:c ucnc.uu. cucu:ycu s uuuc, cuc:sc
suucu nc `xwucu` 1u:cscxcc :c.cuqucc ucu:c:su. lc..cxuz uscxu ncscuuu..uc
ncnc.cxu.u, :c cucu:c: s a:c: ccc zs.zc:cz uoc:uux ucu:c:su lyc..q luc.c
ucxuc, u yc:uucsu.u u uu: n.c:ucc uuo.ucuuc. Ouc uc nuucc.c uuxuxux cy..:u:cs,
u:c uuu:c..uc oc.cc aqqcx:usucu cxuu.uc. ncc:usu .u:csy ucu:u :cyu.cxcc Cll
Ol \lll, y xc:ccc cu 12 uczoz 12 cu xynu. zxcow ccxc:uwc cxy:cu:w. lcc.c
a:cc yu.cc. ncc.cu:. csz. luc.cucxucu c uoc:uuxc: uc:cxcc xcucy..c:su s uuuc
cx:cc: lcccc.c:, uscc:ucc nc.zxu: s xucc:sc xy.cu c:uucxcu uscxu, xycuc
susucc :cxy lc.uuc: u lcuucocc:. u..ucuuuz uuoc:xu a:cu .uuuu ncxuu.u, :c
luc.cucxuc uuu:uc: ncuucuucc nc.cxcuuc nc c:ucucuuu x qux:uccxc:y yxcscu:c.u
:cxu .u:cscxcu uscxu s uuuc nc.xcsuuxy Cxc..:y. lcxcc nc suc: uuuuu:uuuxu,
cqucu cucu..ucc u:uou lcucxu nc..cxcc, .u:csu: ow. ncc:us.cu ucu: :cc xc Cll
Ol \lll, ncscusucc a:y cncuuu s :ccuc: cc:yuucc:sc c sccsccxu: ynus.cuuc:
Iccyuc:scuucu nc.uuu s Jcyuc.
7uux:cucu cccocuucc:.u .u:cscxcu sccuucu uscxu zs.z.cc. cc yxcsczcc nc
.cxcuuc nc c:ucucuuu x cuuu: occnucucc:u :uuuc:cc:su suy:cuuux c.. Juxcsw:u
zs.z.uc..
= cnu:u:cu: cxuuw ccyuc:su.
= nc.uuz occnucucc:u {cncu:usuuz uoc:u s uxuucxcu cqcc,
= ccyuc:scuuuz nc.uuz,
= cnu:u:cu: uu:w uucc.cuuz.
= suy:cuuzz nc.uuz,
= ncuuuuuz nc.uuz {nuuuuuuz uscxu u xcu:uscxu.
l nccuc.cuuwx cuucs cncu:usuyu uoc:y s uxuucxcu cqcc ncscu.u nc
.uuz occnucucc:u, u u nuuuuuyu uscxy u xcu:uscxy c:scu.u ncuuuuuz
nc.uuz.
ll c:c. .usucc u:uou 1u:sw uucxc ucnc..csu. c.yxusuux s nc..cxcu u:uu
.u:suucs, u :uxxc ccsuc:cs u a:cu xc a:uuccxcu ynnw. :c ncsc.z.c c:y csc..uc
cscocuc cnu:. xuw uxccuucu ucu:yw, cuuxc uuu:c..uc cuuuusu.c uscw
su:c..uwc sc:cxucc:u u cc.uo.z.c occnucucc:. uc.cu..uwx cc:cu. lcc ncxususuuc s
lc..uc .u:csw cu:u.uc. uc snc.uc o.ucuucxuw: a.c:cu:c: u nca:c:y uc cnycxu.uc.
x x.ucsw: c.xucc:z:, u :uxxc zs.z.uc. co1cx:u:u ncc:czuucc suu:uuuz cc c:ccuw
J2 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u
cuucs ccyuc:scuucu occnucucc:u. Iu nc:zxcuuu 120x ccs .u:cscxuz uscxu
ux:usuc cc:yuuu.u uu nc..cxc: uunus.cuuu c c:uucxcu sccuucu uscxcu u c:cu.u
c: a:cu nux:uxu .uu. s uuu.c 10x ccs, ncc.c co.uxcuuz c CCCl.
* * *
Oc:u..uwc ccyuc:su xcu:uucu:u uc ow.u c:c.. cu..uc scs.ccuw s :uuuwc cncu
uu, xc:z ux :cu:cuu uuc:yu ux:usuc ucnc..csu.uc. :c:.u:u c:uuu:u. l xucc:sc
nu:cu :cxuc nuscc:u 1sc:uu, s 120c cw uc ucnc.uusuyu ccoc:scuucu uscw
su:c..ucu c.yxocu. lccz:uc, nuuucu a:cc zs.z.cz uc c:c..xc :uuwu xuux:c cc u
su:uz, cxc..xc :zxc.cc sncu:.cuuc c: uy:uwx unucucxux cxuuu.cs, cy.zuc cc:zcus
uux lcuy uu nc:zxcuuu ccz:xcs .c:, :c: oc.cc :c co1cx:usuc 1sc:clcuuz nc.yu.u
c: csccu uscxu cc:u:cuc cc:uu:c..uyu c:uy. lc..uuuc:sc usc:uucs nc.uu.c, :c
.uu. uccc:u:cucc:. nc.yuc:cu c nc:usuuxc uuqc:uuu nusc.u x :c:y, :c yxcscc
:sc yuuucxcu :cuuxuu sszu.cc. s oc..uyu cscncucxyu scuuy, uc cccocuuc uy:wsuzc.
c ncc.cc:suzx :uxcc uuu. l xc:z s cuc:su:c..ucc:u uscxu ow.u cc. ccscucuuc uu
nu c:, ucnccszcuuw: uc:c owsuc: :yuc cccuu:., uucxc..xc sncu:.zuu :ucu:uow
uucucsuuuz oc..uuuc:sc: nusu:c..c:s uuuwx, cow:wx ux ccoc:scuuw:u uscwsu
:c..uw:u c.yxou:u.
3u:c cu:u usc:uucxuz c:c.uu, nc.cxcuuc xc:ccu ncsc.z.c nccxusu:. xcu:ux:w
xux c 3unuc:, :ux u c lcc:cxc:, ncc:cncuuc scsuu.u ccoc nc.cxcuuc cucc u cscncu
cxux cu:cs unucuuxu. lcsw:u s a:c: xucc:sc cc ucnc..csu.u uu.uuuc u u:cc:u.u
s lcuc u:uoxsu:uy lcu:uucu:u..ucu ccxc:ucu c.yxow, yxcscusucu `c:uuuz:u`
ClC s lscnc. Ju: xc cuc:scsu.u uc.cu..uuz cucu:yu ccsc:cxcu sccuucu uscxu,
s 12 cy sc.us.zsuuzcz 1. l. l:c..zucsw: {Cyuxc:. Ouu uoc:u.u s ccucsuc: uc
nc 1sc:uu, u nc ou.xuucxu: c:uuu:, nuc: csc..uc aqqcx:usuc. ynus.zc:wc u lcuw
ucu:yuwc cc:u luscynu scuux.u s lc.uuu, Icuu, Icc.usuu, ly:wuuu u cxc
c.csuxuu. lc.us.zsuuzcz l. l. 3unccxc: cucu:yu sucuucu uscxu s ccucsuc:
uuu:u.uc. a:uuu:cxu:u cu:u:u u uoc:u.u uuu:c..uc :cucc ycncuuc. 4uuycxuz
ccxc:uuz c.yxou uc uyxu.uc. s ucnc..csuuuu lcuw s xucc:sc uscwsu:c..ucc qcncc
:u uu lcc:cxc, nccxc..xy ucnc.uu.u ncuw:u xcu:ux:u:u c xc..cu:u s luc, luuusc
u lyxucc:c, u:c ux:usuc ncscu.u c::yu uxuu nc:us l:u.uu.
. lIl IOC\1lCJl1
Ccscucuuc cncuquccxu: a.c:cu:c: cncu:usucu coc:uucsxu s lscnc s :cxsccu
ucc suu:u.c:uc zs.z.uc. succcyuc:scuuwc ccxc:uwc c.yxow, ccu xc:cwx cccocuuc
swc.z.uc. uscwsu:c..uwc u xcu:uscwsu:c..uwc cuuw oc.cu u uucu a:uuuu u
owsucu lcccuucxcu u:ncuu.
lcc.c cxcuuuuz uxuucxcu scuuw oc.wc u:uu u ycxcuuz yxcu.u u lcccuu
uc c.uuxc: cuuucsuuuc, cuuxc uu :cc:ux uuuucuuz ux suy:cuuzz c:yx:yu nc:u
cuy xc c:u.u sucs. cqc:.z:.cz s ccc:sc:c:suu c uucc cycc:scsusucu cxc:cu. Cc:uu
:wcz swsccuuwx u xccu sccuucc.yxuux s oc..uuuc:sc cscc: y:c.u :c..xc sccsu:.,
yuc xc suw c.cscccxcu cz:c..ucc:u ow.u u: .uoc ucscc:w, .uoc ncuc u ccucsu
:c..uc ncuow:w. O:wcxuuuc ccc:s x cycc:scsuuuu .z :uxux .ucu ccc:us.z.c scc.:u
nco.c:u:uuyu uuy, nca:c:y ccucsuw: zxcc: uucxw .z uux cc:usu.uc. scuucxuc
uc:u, x xc:cw: cuu nuuu.cxu.u c uuuuuz.
l lscny u 1uu x.wuy.u .ucxuc :c.nw, uc uyxuwc :u: uuxc:y u cnucuwc .z nu
uzsuux ux c:uu. lcc.c xw:cxcu xu:uc:cqw 00:wczuwu swocc a:uuu:cs ncc.c
csu. cc lcuc:uu:uucnc.. u u.cc sc 4uuuu, cxcc.csuxuu u uu lu.xuuw, cxc.c 200
:wcz c.cscx ncu.u :uuu:c: cc lc..uy s Ic:uuuu, lc..uu, 4uuuu u cxcc
.csuxuu. ^cucc uuu:c..ucc ncc:ccuuc ccc:cz.cc. uu ccscc, c owsuuc cccuucxuc
ncuuuwc uccc.u.uc. s 4uu.zuuu u luou.:uucxux ccyuc:sux, :c cc:. nc:u :c c:u.
1uz :uxxc uc uocxu.u uuucc:suz, u ccsc lu:uz unc.cuu.u cc:u:xu scucx u:uu.u
lc.uxu u u:u:uuu Cc:cucsu. Cu:uc:cz, :c :uxcu:u..ucu syx:u..ucuucu uc.cuucc:u
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. !umuuumu8uux T6u J2L
a:uuuz cc:u.u s 121 cy, xcu 00:wczuuz uucncu coccucsu.uc. s Ic:uuuu,
400:wczuuz = sc 4uuuu, 0 :wcz c.cscx ccc.u s Icc.usuu, u :wcz = s lc.uuu.
c 121 cu uc:w cccxu.u s csccu c:uuc cc:u:xu 3unuucu cocsc..ccxcu u:uu
nc xc:uucsuuuc: cucu.u ^. l. lc:cu:1su.csu. :uuuz yxuuucs ncucxcu.u s
lc..uy, Ic:uuuu u cxcc.csuxuu, s luuxc ucnc.cxu.uc. \xuuucxuz uucuuz ccnyo
.uxu. c 100 :wcz a:uuu:cs ccc.c s ^uu.xyuu, nusu, oc..uuuc:sc u uux ccc:us.z.
u uucc uuxcusuuucz :u: u y:u:usuuu ncc.c csc.uuu ow.cc cccuucxcc uxuuc:sc
ncccuu. lu:uucxclcc:cucu xc.cucu ccu. lc:cc:scuuc, :c .usucu :c:cu ocxcucs
c:u.c scsucuuc c:cu, nuc: uc ncxuzuucc, u :uy:qu..ucc.
lcccuucxuz a:uuuz ow.u zs.cuuc: ccscucuuc uccuccuw:, u cscu:. c ucu s
c.c: :cxuc .uu. yc.csuc. Oc:ucc oc..uuuc:sc cowuwx .ucu ncowsu.c oc:cuc
u.cxc c: nc.u:uxu u c:c:u.cc. .uu. x ccuuuu :u.c:u..cxu cuccuwx yc.csuu xuuu
.z ccoz u cscux cc:cu, cc.u :c..xc :c uc cc:u.uc. uu cuuc. lc.u:uucsuuuuz uc:.
ocxcucs ncxc sccc uc.z.uc. uu c:ccuuuxcs sccc:uucs.cuuz cuucu u ucc.u:cu
lcccuu u uu ccnuu:uc:cs, x xc:cw: s ccucsuc: c:uccu.uc. yxuuucxuc, xusxucxuc u
ccucuuu:cxuc uuucuu.uc:uccxuc ynnucsxu. l a:uuuu cxuu.uc. xux c:ccuuu
xu :cuuxuu, :ux u .uu, occsuuccz nc:us ucc, nccouc Cusuuxcsy, scu ccuu:c..uyu
xuu.. ^cuuxuc:w, s cscu ccc., uuxux uc :c.u uuu:u couu zwx s scnccc c ncc:c
.cuuc.cuu u c.u.uc. uu `uuxc.ucscs` u `xuu..cscs`, :c cc:. nuscxcucs sc.uxux
xuzcu Iuxc.uz Iuxc.ucsuu u luu..u l.uu:ucsuu. Iynnucsxu `uuxc.ucscs` cnu
u.uc. uu cu..uyu sccuuyu cu.y u nca:c:y zs.z.uc. uuu:c..uc oc.cc s.uz:c..ucu.
Iu cc:csc 1c:ucc, uu Iu..unc.uucxc: nc.ycc:csc u ucu.cxc c: lcuc:uu:uucnc
.z ucnc.cxu.uc. .ucz:u :u xcnycu u:uu l. I. luuc.z. Ju: uu.u xcc:cuuuuz
ucun.uuu u ycu.cuuuz sccuuuz ncc:csxu. uuuuuuxu n.uuucsu.u s cu:cc o.uxuuucc
sc:z swcuu:. ccuu: s lcccuu u c:sccsu:. scc y:ucuucc. .z ycncxu cncuuu u: :coc
su.cc. cc.cucc uscwsu:c..ucc coccnccuuc, xc:cw: uuu:u.cz uscwsu:c..uwu c:c.
u:uou `lyccxcu u:uu`, nc yxcscc:sc: nc.xcsuuxu 1. l. Iucscxcc s nc.uc: ccc:usc u
oc xuxux.uoc nc:c. nuowsuuu s lcuc:uu:uucnc.. u uscuysuuu :u: ux:usuyu c
z:c..ucc:.. O:c. uuu:u.cz uc :c..xc ucu:yucu uoc:cu, uc u ncwsuw:u cuc:suz:u,
cc:w:u cncuuz:u nc:us oc..ucsuxcs u uu.uxusuuuc: xccuuuuu c xcu:csc.uu
cuuw:u cuuuuuz:u xux s lcccuu, :ux u suc cc. Ou cnuu.cz uu cc:. ccuuuwx uu ouc
ccsc.uucuucu cccuucxcu uscxu uxccuuwx cucu:y, uuuoc.cc cy..:u:usucu
u xc:cwx zs.z.uc. oc.uucxuz, u:cusuuzcz nu yccxc: lucuc: lcc:c uu y.uc
\.uuu:uccc, 1. lu yxcscu. owsuuu uuu..uux xcu:uscxu cocsc..ccxcu u
:uu cuuxuuu u yxcscu:c.. uuuuucu uscwsu:c..ucu ucu:yw luuc.z, cuu u
cu:wx cnw:uwx ucu:yuc:cs cccuucxcu u oc.cu ccxc:uwx c.yxo cuc:su:c..uwu c:u:c
xuu ccsc:uux l.uu:u Iuc.csu O.cs. Ou owc:c cc:u sncu:.zuux ycncxcs, c
uuxc cuy xc c:c.xuy.cz c scc.:u ncuuccxcu nco.c:cu ccxucuuz uccuucsuuuu. lc
ucu: ncnw:u.cz cuu:. cc ucc:uuu:uc, nc.cxus cscu: :uccuc.cuuw: xcu:ux:u: s
uucc:uuuwx cncc.yxoux ccu:. u quuuucucsu:. `|cu:u..ucc ^cxyuucucc ouc nc
cuc:uuu u cocy :u:cuu.cs c .uux, nuxccucscuuwx x cz:c..ucc:u oc..ucsuc:cxcc
nusu:c..c:su`
. lcsuu:c..uc ncccu:c..
Ccsuuxc:u l. l. 1cuuu uunusu. cxuucxc:y unucxy c xcuxc:uw:u yxuuuuz:u nc
a:c:y scnccy, u s cy..:u:c uu cx.uc {20 cxuoz :c: nc.cxu. coucsu:. lcc
cccuucxyu cswuuuyu xc:uccuu nu CIl nc oc.oc c xcu:csc.uucu u cuoc:uxc:
{ll .z cucuuz c.cyuux uu.
= nccccuuc u .uxsuuuz ncnw:cx xcu:csc.uuu u cuoc:uxu nc sccu :cu:cuu
lcccuu,
= ncuuuc cyy csc.uucuucc :uoyuu.u sccx cuoc:uxuuxcs u xcu:csc.uuc
uccs,
= swuoc:xu :c oc.ow c uu:u,
= ncsccuuc ncsuu:c..ucc ucc.ccsuuuz nc scc: uuxczu:cz s ncuscc:sc
c.u:.
l c:.uuc c: .uxsuucsuuucc {1 uczoz 11 cu lc:cucxcc lccuuc
csc.uucuucc xc:u:c:u, ucsuz ccxc:uuz c.yxou u:c.u uxuucxuu c:u:yc. lll ow.
cncccusuw: cuuc: u ucnc..csu. s ccucsuc: sccuuwc :cw ncus.cuuz, :cu xux
J3 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T
ll zs.z.uc. u:uuuc:u:usucnc.u:uccxu: cuuc: cwcxu, nccccuuz u ncyncx
cuuz xcu:csc.uucuuwx ncc:yn.cuuu, u :uxxc cuuc: ncsuu:c..ucc cuuuuz.
Ouu u:c.u nusc nu:cuz:. s c:ucucuuu xcu:csc.uucuccs :uxuc u:uuuc:u:usuwc
:cw, xux xcuqucxuuz, swsccuuc, .uucuuc nccsc..c:scuuwx xu:ccx, cnyo.uxcsuuuc
cnucxcs sucs uucu u :ux u.cc.
Ouuxc, y uc:cuu ccuuuz cswuuucc cncccusucc cuuu nc ncus.cuuu
xcu:csc.uuu cycc:syc: u uuuz nccn.cxu. Cyz nc scc:y, s cuc:su:c..ucc:u cuuu
uuz ll s ncsyu ccc. ncc.ccsu.u c.. cqc:ucsu:. xcu:c.uyc:wu oc..ucsuxu
:u cncccusuwu cuu s nc:uscscc sc.us.zsuc:ycz .csw: accc: l. 3. l:cuuocc:
Iucuc:y xc:uccuuu:y uc:uuu. l 122 cy ^. . 1uuc {. 4. Cyuoc csc..uc
c:xcscuuc scnc:uuu. c :c:, :c .cswc accw `cu..uc :c:cu.u oc.oy c xcu:csc.uu
cu, swsuuz cscu `cocc.cscccxyu` :cu.., y:uuucc:. u sccxuuuc c: cuuucuuz
nusu cscocw c.csu u ncu:u .z xcu:csc.uucuccs. lca:c:y swsuuc:cz :wc.. c
ccuuuu ucscc cuuu oc.ow, xyu ow uc sxcu.u .cswc accw. lcxcz u a:ux cccou
xcuuu, cxuoz {c:ucc c:u.z Ccsc:c: Iucuwx lc:uccucs ow.c nuuz:c cucuuc
c ccuuuu ll`
.
. O. ,scyxuucu
J39 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T
:u quu cuuu.u uc :c..xc uccc.ucuc c uccu sx.ucuuz uxuucxcu xcu:usc
xu s xuxyu.uoc uuyu c:yx:yy, uc :uxxc u zsucc c:c:.cuuc nc.c:u:. sccuuyu xcu:
uscxy, uu:c.xuysucccz, cuuxc, uu cuu:c..ucc nc:usccuc:suc Jcxcc. lcc.c a:cc
s xcuc :uz 11 cu s ll ow.c cuuucsuuc ucoc..ucc ccxc:ucc O:c.cuuc nc nc
:usccuc:suu c:uucxc:y unucuuxy, nuc: uc cu:cc:cz:c..ucc, u s ccc:usc O:c.u nc
oc.oc c xcu:csc.uucu. Iuuucuuc cc uuu..uuxc: suu:u.c:ucc nc cxy:cu:u:,
u s cuc:su:c..ucc:u sccc:uuu:u.c:ucc .cscc accu . I. l.u:xuuu :cxuc co1zcuu:.
.uu. uccc.cucc:.u c:ucucuuz x nco.c:c. Iuwu .usu ccsc:cxcu xcu:uscxu ow. nc
uu:yc usuu:uuc:c: u cscu ucsyu c.xucc:. sccnuuz. c scc:cc:. Ou c:xc u:cucsu.
ncuucuuyu c:yx:yy `O:c.cuuc: nc oc.oc c :cxyuucuw: unucuuxc:` u cuy
xc occu.cz, nc cc ccoc:scuuc:y swuxcuuu, `cny:wsu:. cc:z:u unucuuxu` c:uucxcc
nccc..c:sc.
lcxcc l.u:xuu cy:c. cow:. ncco
uwu n.uu cc suy:cuuux nc:ccuuu, :c, uuc
cxuu:., cxuu.cc. ucc.cxucu uucu. lc:c
:cc, cu oc cccowx x.cnc: uscocsu. owsuc
c usc:cscuccxcc sccuucn.cuucc, uqu
lcoc:u ^uouxu, nuxcusucccz u..uu:
cc:scuuuxc: c:uucxc:y ncc.y lu..c..:y
qcu ^uouxy. Iuu..uux xcu:uscxu scc.
:u cn:u:uc:uuc uucz.cz cc n.c:zuuuxu
sccuc:scsu:. uu zu u :uuuny.ucsu:. u:
s uu:cccux csc.uuu. Ic uu a:c: a:unc xu
.cu l.u:xuuu nc:cnc.u xux uu cc xu
ux:cu, s xc:cc: ocycxucc xsuc:csc:sc
cn.c:u.cc. cc c:c.. xc ocycxucu xuxcu
s.uc:u. Ouuxw s cc:cuuc s xc:nuuuu .u
:cu:ccs cu uzsu., :c u:cc: nusc ucc:c.z:. .uocc c.cscxu, xuxcc :c..xc ncxc.uc:.
Iuxcusuuucz c uu: u cuu: c:c.uxc: Ocun ^uuc..u:u: uc ucncuu. o.cqu u quuqu
cuc:su u sc:y:u.cz nccouw: ncusc.c:. l.u:xuu ncnw:u.cz uunyu:. cc csc..scc:
u nucu. c:c:c:u:. nca:y, cc.u :c: xc:yuuoy. uccxuxc: co a:cu ucnu.zucu uc:c
uu. ^uuc..u:u: uc c:ycu. u ncxu.csu.cz cscu: uuxc:w: suuw: oc..ucsuxu: 4ccy
lucxc..uuxcsy u cc xcuc 1uucc lcucuc, u u:c: nca:u nu.ucu. x ccoc cxuucxuu.
lcc.c occcw c uu: 1 uu.z 11 cu `c.cuwu 4c.uxc` uc:c.cuuc uxw. O:c.cuuc
nc nc:usccuc:suu c:uucxc:y unucuuxy, cc:usus l.u:xuuu oc c.xucc:u. C.cyc:
c::c:u:., :c .z owsucc ncscc yxcscu:c.z xcu:uscxu ll a:c yxc uc u:c.c uu
xuxcc uucuuz, nccxc..xy cc nz:. ucu s:cc:c c yu: .csw: accc:, qc:cuqc: ll
I. 1. 1uccsw:, cu you. uc:cxcc ncc.u c c..u cwsu lcc:cxcc :uu u ncs:cucc
s:zusuuuz lcccuu s scuuy c Ic:uuucu. Jux occc.usuc uxcuu.uc. uc:cuz a:cc cuuu
uxuucxcu xcu:uscxu, cu:cc xc l.u:xuuu cc xu.u xcc:xuz, uc zxuz xu.cu sc
sucuucu uscxc. I.usuw: nucu:c:c: ccucsucu ccsc:cxcu ccxc:ucu c.yxow c:uwuc u
uu c.cc sc:z c:u.u oc.ou c xcu:csc.uucu, cncxy.zucu u ncc:yn.cuuz:u nc c.x
ucc:u, :c cc:. nco.c:w uc xcu:uscxu, u nc.u:uccxcu nc.uuu. luuz:uz s ccucsc uu
2u lcccccuucxcu xcuqccuuu cswuuuwx xc:uccuu u cxcuu:c..uc c:cux:ucsuu
uuz ll 1 cxuoz 11 cu `luc:yxuz cswuuuw: lc:uccuz: uu :cc:ux` .ucu.u.
`l uuu xc:uccuu sxcu: c.cyucc.
u lccncuuuz oc.ou c xcu:csc.uucu, ncc:yn.cuuz:u nc c.xucc:u u cncxy.z
ucu uu.uuw:u cu.u:u, xc:cwc u:cu:cz s ucnczxcuuu lc:uccuu.
o Iuo.ucuuc u :cc:ucu oyxyuucu u u uunus.cuuc: s cc ccc xcu:csc.uu
cuucu uoc:w.
s csccuuc c csccuuz :cc:ucu u cu:u..ucu s.uc:u c ccscuuuuxcz occncz
xux u .cync:co.cuuzx u nccccuuu ux.
lcuscc:sc cuuuuu nc ccyuc:scuuw: ncc:yn.cuuz:.
lcuscc:sc ucc.ccsuuuu s nczxc cswuuucc nc.cxcuuz.
c Iuo.ucuuc u .uu:u, nccxuuu:u cc uuuy.
x Iuo.ucuuc u uucc:uuuw:u uscuxu:u.
lcwcx u uuo.ucuuc u .uu:u, yxwsuuu:ucz c: s.uc:cu.
. I. uuu Iyuq 1o6cy: Nuy6ux
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T JAU
u \uc:uc s ccxuucuuu cocc:scuucc cncxcuc:suz, nu c:cy:c:suu uucs :u.uuu
u cccuc:suc ncc.cucu s sccc:uucs.cuuu uuyucuucc lcsc.uucuucc lczxu.
x lwnc.ucuuc ncycuuu s swcuux yocucxux Ccsc:cxux cuuux nc ncuscc:sy
cuuuuu c ncc:yn.cuuzx, xcu oyc: nuuuuc uccoxcu:w:.
. \uc:uc s ucxc:cwx uyxuwx .z oc.ow ccscuuuzx.
: Iuo.ucuuc u cuc:uuz sccx nccxuuux cc uuuy u :u:c..uuz nc
scxu cxy:cu:cs uu nusc s1cu u swcu u :. n.
u C:cxuuucc uuo.ucuuc u ncsccuuc: s xuu. cxc:cs u ucnczxcuuu Cc
sc:cxcu s.uc:u`
.
Ccscucuuc ccsuuc, :c s nusccuuc: couuuc: cnucxc uu xcu:uscxu u
uu:u.u zsuc :c:.cc:cncuucc :cc:c, uc cscz yxc c :c:, :c uxc cu:u cc uuu qc:y.u
csu.uc. xuuuc yxc, u a:c nu :c:, :c s 11 cy lcccuz ncc:us.z.u ccocu o.ucu:ucc
nc.c .z cz:c..ucc:u uucc:uuuwx usccx. luuu.c uuuoc.cc cscocuc :u: ysc:scsu.u
ccoz ccxc:uwc c.yxow ucusuux ccuuuxcs nc 1u:uu:c, ncxu cc ccxuuzsuuc cscu un
.c:u:uccxuc ncc:usu:c..c:su u sccuuwc :uccuu s lc:cuc u ^ccxsc, nc nuxw:u
c: xc:cwx uoc:u.u `.cu..uwc` cucu:yw. lusu:c..c:su 4uuuu, lc.uxcou:uuuu u
Cl1 cc uccu:wsu.u ncoyu:. lcccuu ncc.xu:. scuuy c Ic:uuucu u nca:c:y c:csw
ow.u ncc:u:. ccuuuc ncu:c..c:sc, nu yc.csuu, :c cuc cxuxc:cz sc:cuuw:. lx uu
cx uc ncxc.cou. uxc lcc:cxuu :u. lc.cc :cc, cu ycu.u. ucc:w uu :c, :c sc.uxuz
c:uuu uc nc:cnu: c:c.. nccucc ncc:uuc u ucnc:cuuc ucsc: cc s o.uxuuucc xc
sc:z, nca:c:y cucu:yw owsuux ccuuwx cxus s ccucsuc: ncoyxu.u oc..ucsuxcs
sccoucsu:. occswc cuc:suz u sc.u nc:us Ic:uuuu :uuuyu scuuy. Iu c xuxux cncuu
zx nc cscxcuuu ccsc:cxcu s.uc:u ncscuuu..uc uc ow.c u cu. lc.cc :cc, quuycxuz
sccuuuz :uccuz, uunu:c, ncc.xu.u uunus.z:. cccuucxu: xc..cu: uscwsu:c..uwc
cscxu sn.c:. c xcuu uu.z 11 cu.
lcuuu uc:cs s lcccuu :uccxu:uc ycu.u.uc. ncc.c nuow:uz s ^ccxsy nccc..
c:su nc yxcscc:sc: uqu qcu ^uouxu. Ic:uucxuz uscxu, uucc uoc:usuuz .uu. c
uc.cu..uwx ncuuu, nc.yu.u :cuyu nccxxy u uuu:c..uc yxcnu.u cscu uuqu
c:yx:yy. luscwsu:c..uwu c:c. llll lc..ucc cucu..ucc u:uou uuuuu. `.cu..uw:`
cucu:c: lyc..qu luyau, uc nc.uuuw: yxcscu:c.c: cncuuu zs.z.cz ncswu ccsc:
uux nccc..c:su cx:c lu. lu.c. lcc:cxuu :u s xcuc u:cuu. ncxuuu c:u:cuu
lc.uuu nc c:ucucuuu x Ccsc:cxcu lcccuu, nccxc..xy uc:w cy:c.u swscc:u u scuuw
:cucc nc:usuuxu u :cucc sccc xc.u.u uuucc:u yco nusu:c..c:sy oc..ucsuxcs.
Ouu c:c:.usc ncuu:u.u, :c .uouz yuz nu:uz uc:c.cuuc ucsc: xuou..uwc yc.csuz
:uucc ccscu, u c:uuw 1u:uu:w sccc.c u c cxc:cu nccxu: cc. uxc sxcusuuc s
xcu.uucuucc nusu:c..c:sc .cswc accw csccu suxucuucu uucu nc.uu.u oc.oy c Ic
:uuucu, uc cscz yxc co cnncuucuuwx cu.ux. C xuxw: uc: xcu:ux:w uc:cs c oc..
ucsuxu:u xcn.u, :cu xux accw c :uxcu xc uu:cucusucc:.u nw:u.uc. occ:.cz c a:u:
zs.cuuc:. O:cuu sw:cxu.c cc cuc uunus.cuuc cz:c..ucc:u :ccxcscxcu cucu:yw
c:c.u llll = ucxcu:uuz nu:uu .cswx acccs s .uux oc..ucsuxcs.
Ccuuuxu xc, uucocc:, scc:cuc nccxusu.u s:cyu nu:uu s nuszcu xcu
.uuu u sccucu 11 cu ycncuuc ncsc.u .z yxcn.cuuz cc ncuuu c.cxuyu cuu
qc:uucuuyu cncuuu. Ouu ncoccu.u uc:cxcu uscxc nuscnccouwc uuuwc c
.cscacccscxcu cuuuuuu `Ccu ccuuuxcs`, zxcow c:ususucu csccu uucu youuc:sc
c:uucxcc ncc.u, c c: ccsc:uux lu.c uc:c.cuuc cccou. cxuucxc:y. lcccu
:c.. ll :cou.ucsu. uu ucxw:uc ucscu scc cu.w csccc scc:c:su. Ouuxc ccu. cxcc
c:u.c zcuc, :c zsxu, uuqw, xcucnuu:usuwc uccu u ncuc ucnc:cuuwc u:uoy:w nc
nc..ucu cz:c..ucc:u zs.zu:cz .uu. n.cc: .cu:c quu:uuu, u uccxc..xux ucc:csuuuwx
nc a:c:y c.y nuu.cc. c usuucuuz:u c:nyc:u:.. 3ucsc cxuu.cz quxucu, uuoc:uu
ucu cc:yuuxc: cucu:yw quuycxcu uscxu xunu:uuc: 1cuuc: .z nuxw:uz
cuc:su:c..ucu ncc:csxu x ncxyucuuu uu c:uucxcc ncc.u, xc:ccc, xux uscc:uc,
ncucu.c uu.z 11 cu. 1 0 uu.z .cswc accw l. cucxcu u l. luxcscxuz ccycc:
su.u s:ccu :ucu:uouwu :ccuc:uccxuu ux:, yous scxcsucc yxcscu:c.z c:uucxcu
u:uuuc:uuu uu \xuuuc cucu.uqc..:uuu.u Ic:uuu qcu uxcuu u cc u1u:uu:u.
Ccuuuxu uucz.uc., :c xc:z ow ncc.c a:cc :cncuuc uc:cs ucczxuc:, cuuxc cuuo.uc..
lc.cxcuuc uu ux qcu:ux ow.c yxc c:c.. c.cxuw:, :c Ic:uuuz uc :c.u ncsc.u:. ccoc
ccxcu. uuyuu:. :u uu lcc:cxc, c:xyu cuu u occcucx cnu.u c:c.. uccoxcu:wc cu
cw.cswc ccycw.
JAJ Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T
Jc: sc:cuc: cucu:yw uscwsu:c..uwx c.yxo c:uu 1u:uu:w s lcccuu ux:usu
ucsu.u usccucuuyu uoc:y nc:us c:uucxcu u:uu. 4uuycxyu sccuuyu :uccuu
sc.us.z. cucu. 1..qc 1uscu., u:csuuu s ncuucuuu cncu:usuwx uoc:uuxcs xunu
:uuu c, sncc.cc:suu 2c uuu ^ucc.z^uu1uu c lc:c:cuu {`^c.c 1uu`, sc:c
uu:cz :uxxc uunucuuuz lc:u:cu u lc:u:cu u xunu:uuu, u:c: :uucu 1cuuu. lcscc
u uux uuc:yu cuuocuc cu:uu: uscuxc:, cuuxc s cuc:su:c..ucc:u cu yxcscu.
ucx.uu:c..uc usccucuuw:u cncuuz:u, s uc:ucc:u, yuu:cxcuuc: s yxuuucxux a.c
su:cux ncuuuucuuwx .z c:nusxu s Ic:uuuu unuccs cuu. lcucc xunu:uu 2c
uuu yc:uuus.usu. xcu:ux: c xc:uucsuuuc: :z:cxucc cxcc.csuxcc xcnycu, uoc:u. c
lc.uxc: u Cusuuxcsw: u nc:cu. s ccycc:s.cuuu ucxc:cwx nc.u:uccxux uxuu. lcc.c
.uxsuuuu :ux uuwsuc:cc `ucscu ncc.cs` scc quuycxuc uscuxu s:cc:c c xcu
cy.c: Icuuc: ycnc.u yxw:.cz uu :cu:cuu ucscxcxcc nccc..c:su u o.ucnc.yuc yc
xc..uy.u c: ucc:u. lncc.cc:suu c lc:c:cu c:cuc. c: :uuuwx cncuuu u :uuc xu. sc
4uuuu, u uxcuu. cscu uu s luuxc s 1 cy nc xc.ccu:u c.yuuucc ycsuxu.
4uuyw uoc:u.u ncqcccucuu..uc, oc uy:uwx cxuuu.cs, uc xuczux uuxuxyu
uscxy, u:c y uu.uuu c.u coc:cz.u ccscucuuc uuuc. l ccc:sc:c:suu c yxuuuuz:u
ou:uucxcc nc:.c:uuuc:u asuu 1.cu xcxu, ClC cuuucsu.u s lcccuu uoc
:y uccxc..xux csc..uc xynuwx ucu:cs, xc:cw:u yxcscu. u luu .usuwu cucu:
uc: lcuc. lcsw: u uux u cu:w: ux:usuw: :cxuc cu:u:. quuu:uucc uu:uxc::y
uuc:u Cuucz lcu.u, nc.uusucc oc.oy c oc..ucsu:c: cscu: cszcuuw: c.c: u sw
cuu: ncuuuucuuc:. O cscux nc:usuuxux cu c:wsu.cz s c:u.c, cxc sc:cuuc:cz
s cncu:usuwx cxy:cu:ux. `O:su:u:c..uuz uxcsuz cnyxc.., ncuxuuuz cu:yu ccucsy
usu.uuuu... Jc, :c ncucxcu: cc., ccuuc, cuc suxucc .uocu scuuw, xc:cyu xc
u.uoc sc.c c.csccc:sc. 1uocu cucu a:u :ccc:., uucusuuzcz s lcccuu, c.xuu ow:.
yuu:cxcuu... Cycc:syc: .uu. cuu su. c.csccc:sc c.xuc co1cuuu:.cz s cszcuuwu
ccu nc:us a:cc nc.ucucc yxucu`
0
. Cncy uc:, ucnu.zuwx xu:uu oc..ucsuc:cxuu
cxu: zs.z. snc.uc cc:u:cuc, uc c:c.. quuu:uuuz ncyocxcuucc:. uc ncsc.z.u u
scuxy ucxsu:uc sccnuuu:u:. cxyxuuyu cuc:su:c..ucc:., :c s cncu:usucu uoc:c
ncc:us.zc: ccocu cuu u cu:wx cc.cuwx nccxcs. \ocxcuucc:. s .zsc..cxcu cu.c u
:cycc:sc oc..ucsuxcs nuucxcu..uw: couc: ccc:u.uc. y lcu.u c sccu s sc:cx
ucc:. cscxcuuz ux cxu:u cc:xcu cuu:c..uwx .ucu, u s 11 cy cu cuc:su:c..uc
ncnw:u.cz a:c ccycc:su:., cuuucsus uscc:uwu `ucsc 1cxxu:u`, u.u `ucsc .u
:wucxux c:c.xcs`. c cux nc uczcuc, uu xuxcu c:uuu cc ncc:csxu x c.y ncx.u
u.uc. ll, ncc:ususuuz lcu.u nc suc: xcu:csc.uucuuc uuc:ccuuwx .u:wucxux
xc:uuucs cscux cc:yuuxcs uu lyuxucu u uu Cncucu. 3ucsc ncsu.u.cz c oc..uu:
uy:c:, u cu: uscux ycnc. ocxu:., cuuxc cy ucuc swucc c:y c:c:uwu nucsc,
nc.cxusuuu ucnc.ucuuu nu ncscu xc ncu:xc uscuxu s ncc.ux lC4Cl. l:cuuc
a:c u ncucu.c s 12 cy.
yu: xynuw: ou:uucxu: ucu:c: zs.z.cz xcx 7u..,
.uucc:. oc.cc yusucscucuuuz u :cucc quuu:uuuz, c: lcu.u.
Ccoc:scuuc, u uuu cu u:c. uuwc u snc.uc xcuxc:uwc. lc
xc sccc, 7u.. c.xcu ow. scc:cuc ncnz:c:scsu:. ux.ucuuu
ccnuu:ucc :uu Ccsc:cxcu lcccuu c Ic:uuucu, u :uxxc scc:u
uscwsu:c..uyu, xcu:uscwsu:c..uyu u usccucuuyu uoc:y
nc:us uc:cxcu ucu:yw s lcccuu u uu cxxynucsuuuwx :cu:c
uzx. :u cz:c..ucc:. c:uccu.uc. x :c:y ucc.c:y ncucy, xcu
lc.uxcou:uuuz cc uc ccscuu.u suxcouwx cuc:suu nc:us
oc..ucsuxcs, u uucz.uc. uu ccxuucuuc uc:u..uwx ccuuuccxux
c:ucucuuu, u .usuuz uuu ucu:u ccc:cz.u s :c:, :cow .uocu
cucu uc:usu:. lcccuu ncc.xu:. scuuy nc:us Ic:uuuu. lu
a:c: 7u.. uc u:c. uocc.u:uc uuxuxux ucc.cuccxux nuc:uc
:uu, c:y ow.c ccscucuuc scc usuc, xuxuz u:cuuc nu:uz uuxc
u:cz y s.uc:u, .uu. ow cc .uuuz ccc:sc:c:scsu.u ou:uucxu: uu
:cccu:. 7u.. c:u. y Jcxcc ccsc:uuxc: u nc:cu. c:y cuuucswsu:. sccuucscyuuwc
cu.w, uc, xux ncucc y:scxu. s :c:yuux, cu :uxxc cccuc:scsu. oc..ucsuxu: u s cnc
u:usuwx scnccux. `lcncswx, z sz.cz nc:c. oc..ucsuc:cxc:y cuu:uoy cuuucsu:.
,xoyx Xu
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T JA2
uscc.yxoy c c..u nc:c. yc:uucsu:. uy:cuuu c:uucxux nc.xcs u uu.uu:. c.cxxy
u nccoccxcu scucx.
cc uccxc..xc ucc.. y uuc ow.u xccuc cuuucsuuuuz cc:. ucu:yw, cuc:syu
uz uu :cu:cuu, cxxynucsuuucu usc:cc:uucxcu u:ucu .
lcs:cwx, z cuuucsu. oc..ucsuc:cxyu c.yxoy xcu:uscxu, :cow c.cu:. u c
:uucxu:u cncc.yxou:u u ux cz:c..ucc:.u s ^ccxsc u lc:cuc. Iuuu c.yxou nccxsu:u
uoc:u.u xccuc, :w cuuqcswsu.u c:uucxuc uuqw, scxwsu.u nuc.:u u uuxc:u.uc.
nc:u cc sccu c:uucxcu xcccncucuucu, uc oyyu uxc uncccuuw:u s a:c:`
1
.
Oquuu..uwc ccsc:cxuc uc:cuuxu y:u.usu.u co a:cu c:ccuc cc cz:c..ucc:u, u
cu..uwc cc:uxcuuz 7u..u cxuu.uc. uc c:c.. :ucu:uouw. Ou u s cu:c: c.c cuuuc
su. ucoc..uyu ccxc:uyu c.yxoy, uc a:c ow.u sccc .uu. nuu..c..uuz c cquuu..uw:
lccuxcu:c.c: .uuuz xcu:uscxu Jcxcc. Iccxc..xc :cczcs cnyc:z uuxc:sccu sw
uyxcu ow. ucc:u:.cz c ucu nc nz:c:y yxuuuuu 1cuuuu, s cscu ccc., yc:ynusucc
:cocsuuuz: uc:cs. c.c s :c:, :c 7u.. cuc:su:c..uc ccu. ccoc:scuuyu uunus.cuuyu
nc:us Ic:uuuu uscwsu:c..uyu cc:. uu cxxynucsuuucu cc scucxu:u :cu:cuu, s
uc:ucc:u, uu \xuuuc, c ccu. coc.u. uc:cs usccucuuw:u cncuuz:u ynnw csc
ux ucu:cs. lc uocxuuuc cwsu lcc:cxcc :uu Jcxuu swuyxcu ow. c:u:. nuxu
co ucc:c csccc ccsc:uuxu, cuuxc :c: nccuc. uu uc.cu..ucc nc.cxcuuc u cccu.u 11
cu cy:c. cocxu:. s 4uu.zuuu, u c::yu u s lu:uuuu. lcc.c ncocu cu ow. ncc:us.cu
cu..c: xcc.u, c.c oc.c., uc cy:c. nc.ucc:.u cnusu:.cz, s 120 cy nc.yu. w
ucxcc cc:cuuc:sc, ncc.xu. uoc:y s uscxc, u s cccuuc 120x ccs ow. ysc.cu.
l 1 cy 7u.. sucs. scsu:u.cz s :u ccxc:uwx c.yxo u s ncuc l:ccu :ucscu
scuuw s suuuu ouuucc cucu.u uoc:u. s CCCl s xucc:sc cquuu..ucc ncc:usu:c.z
lcnc.uu:c..ucc cuuu cncuu..uwx cncuuu {COl. lc ocu:uz nux.ucuuz:u xuu.
cocsu.uc. s 1 cy, xcu s scuc:c 4 .c: cu cxcuu.cz y ccoz uu cuuc.
Oou ync:zuy:wx uscuxu s 11 cy ncxuuy.u lC4Cl, cuuxc s :ccuuc sccc
c.cyucc cu s c:uuc cuc:scsu. cc cuu uc.cu. ClC lc. uxc {CJ2, s ccsc
Io ,uc
u cro c:yc
ucuyosu:
Accuuy Nuyosu ocuq Aquycuo
Accuuy uuu cyrc uu
JA3 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T
ucuc:sc s.ucsuuu yccxu: zwxc: u ncuuxuuu uu ccsc:cxyu :cu:cuu u 4uu.zuuu
c ycc:csccuuc: uu u:z cc:yuuxu l lccuqu l..uu 1qucuxc.
uxc u:c. cxy:cu:w u ccc:sc:c:syuuc u: .ccuw nc:u uu su ccz:xu u:cu,
nuc: nc cuc:y u uux zs.z.cz .cuc: lll{o u uxc nuuu:u. yuc:uc s uccuuuzx
lc:cucxcc Ccsc:u. Ou ccu. usc:s.cuuwu ucu:yuwu unnuu:, uc cnu. uuqc
:uuu :uxxc u u c.yuuuwx ucsccs, y.uuwx sc:c, uc:uwx co1zs.cuuu u ncux
uuu.cuuwx uc:cuuxcs. CJ2 c:nus.z. s 1cucu csc..uc co1cx:usuwc ccuxu, ccc
xusuuc xux ccxc:uwc uuuwc, :ux u couc csccuuz c uuc:ccuuzx .ucu, c uuu:uxc cu
uu ncyx:w u uuwx a.c:cu:ux coc:uucsxu s c:uuc. lc.ycuuwc cucccuuz cu nccnus.z.
s cu: cc cszuuxu:u, xc:cw:u s ccucsuc: zs.z.uc. ocxusuuc c: oc..ucsuxcs cqu
cw. lcc.c yxcc:ccuuz ncuuuucc xcu:c.z uu.uuuc ucnc..csu.u .z xy.ccxcu
cszu ouucsusuuccz s quucxc: nc:y Jcucxu :cncuwc xu:cu, u c cu:cc u:cuuuz
4uucxcc u.usu uxc swxcu. uu sc:cy c uu:u s sccc..ucu .cxc. luscux uu., :c
ll ncc:czuuc uwcxusuc: cc, u nca:c:y c:y nuxcu.cc. u u uc: c:xuwsu:.cz c:
cccuwx cxy:cu:cs nuxw:uz, c.yu.cc. u uccsu:. uu nc:cuux cuxux, s :csu
uwx sucuux, s x.uoucucxux cx.cnux. l xcucuc: cc:c y CJ2 cc:u.cc. cuuc:scuucc
nuxw:uc ucqcu s cuc: u u:cucxux ycxcuuu, uc u :u: uuu..uux ncyncu. cc
c cxccu c:nusxc uu qcu:. Jcu uxc occu. cscux ucu:cs uu ncusc. cy.ow, nccccx
.u:suucxyu uuuy u scuy.cz s 1cucu, u cc cc:. scxcc uc:u.u ll.
Occouzxc: ccu nccuc.cuuwx .u c:cu: lcoc: luc
1cxxu:, xc:cwu, c:cc cscz, uscuxc: uc zs.z.cz. l.cc
:zuu :c.ccu c.cscx, cc s 111 cy uuuucuuwu uu ncc:
sucxcucy.u s ^ccxsc, ncc.c csc.uuu ucnc.uz. cozuuucc:u
:ux uuwsuc:cc `cquuu..ucc ou:uucxcc ucu:u` s lcccuu,
:c cc:. csccc cu ncc.u s ucnuuuuuc: ccyuc:sc. :c: ncc:
cocuuu. ucxuu nc:cxy:cuwu c:u:yc suu:cc:ucucuuu :cxy
nc.uw: ucnuuuuuc: u nc.uw: nuuuuuc:. l.z 1cxxu:u
uu nco.c:y oc..ucsu:u s lcccuu ncscuuu..uc csuc:c..c:sc
su. c usc:wc.uu u ucnuz:uu usuu:uuwx ncnw:cx cscxcuuz
xc::yuuc:cs. Ou cccuusu., :c scncc u.cxc uc uccnwsuc:cz
.uucc:z:u xc:.cscxux yxcscu:c.cu, u :c cc xcuu uuxcz:
cz uu:ucc .yoxc. ` uc :c uuc:uux:usuc uc ncuu:u:., :c u
ux :uucu ncu::cu u quuu:uucu axcuc:uccxcu ncu::cu
c:cz.u ucu.uc:uccxuc ucu xc::yuu:u, ncuu:usuuc ux uu
u:c..uc swuc cowucc suxcuuz .u:ncucs, scc:cc c:uuc
xu:u ucu:u:u`
2
. Iuxus ccoc :uccy uccocxc.u:c.cu s 4cuu cquc u ClC, cu ncc:czuuc
ncs:cz.. `lcxynxu uuqc:uuu :c.xuc: uu cc nuy:wsuuuc. Ic uxc swy:uuuwc csc
cuuz :cucc cnucuw, c: cc:uwc cx.uw .ucu uccc:ucuuc xuowx u cucuuwx .uu
suc:uccxu:u cncccoucc:z:u, uc uc y:cuux qc:ucsu:. uucxucc nc.u:uccxcc cyx
cuuc`
. yu:
c.cccuw: c.cc:suc: cnucuuuwx ccow:uu zsu.cc. ncuc yxccuusucccz uccscuc x
nc.u:uxc 1cucuu, s cccocuucc:u x cuc:suz: ccxc:ucu c.yxow. Ccsc:cxcc nusu:c..c:sc
ccscucuuc cnusc.usc cu:u.c s :c: ncuc lc.uxcou:uuuu cscu: .usuw: suc:, c
uuxc c:ux ncc xcsuucu u sccncuuxuucu ClC u.cxc cnccxu. cc qux:uccxyu, uc:c
yyuuc uuxyu aqqcx:usucc:..
lu:cccuc, :c ncsyu cuc:su:c..uc uunus.cuuyu xcuxc:uc nc:us ccsc:cxcu
s.uc:u uscwsu:c..uyu cuuuuuu ccu.u, xux uu c:uuuc, u:cuxuuw. `luqc:uu
cuucc ouc` nu xcucy..c:sc Cl1, xc:ccc sc.usu. ncuuuwu Cccuucuuwx l:u:cs,
nc ncucxcxcuuu uunc.csuuy yccxuu, uunc.csuuy cx lccucqcu lu.u:u:uuuc, cycc:
scsu.c .cu..uc, cuuxc coc c:xw:cu uuqc:uuu .z ncccw .uu. nuxwsu. uscwsu
:c..uyu cz:c..ucc:. a:cu, nc cy:u, cucu:yw. lc uoc:u s nc..y u:cuxuucs, uu.uuu
u c:uc:u quuycs .u.uc. ucc.c. lu.u:u:uuuc ow. xc::ccuu:c:, u uc ncqcccuc
uu..uw: uscuxc:, u cnyc:u. :uccy u.c:uu:cxux cuuocx, :ux :c csc..uc cxcc cc
ucxw.u u ucc:csu.u cc ccscc: uccnw:uuz ll. 1:cuxuuu nucscu.u x ucc:c.y u
nccxu.u s :u.:c c 11 nc 121 c. Ju: cu csu uc y:c c: xc.cu u c.cu, u u:cc
:u:c.. ncccu:c.z u .cu lc..cuu ll lc:cc uxc .uuc uuccuucsu. cc ucc:c., uc
s u:cc lu.u:u:uuuc ccscocu.u s co:cu uu uccxc..xc sucucs nccsc..c:suz. Ou uc ow.
c.c:.cu :cu..uc u ncnw:u.cz ncc.xu:. uscwsu:c..uyu cz:c..ucc:., cuuxc s uuu.c
12 cu uu cxc:c c::ccu. ccoc nu..w uc u c.uuxc: ncuc cou:u.cz u :cuuucxcu
nc:c.u. Iuu.uc. uucuu, c: xc:ccu cc uc cnuc.u uncu.uz u:ny:uuz, u s uczoc
:cc xc cu lu.u:u:uuuc cxcuu.cz.
l `ucscc ncc.cs`, xc:c 1cxxu:u, yuc:scsu.u ncc:usu:c.u 4uuuu u Cccu
ucuuwx l:u:cs. :c ncc.yxu.c nuuucu scuuxucscuuz u y:scxcuuz :ccuu `coc
c ucscu` 1u:uu:w nc:us ccsc:cxcu s.uc:u, nuc: ccscucuuc uc ncnuuuuc:cxcu,
u nuuz:cu x nux:uccxc:y yxcscc:sy. lc us:cw zsuc c.u
oc cucu:ucsu.uc. s :cxyuucuwx c:ucucuuzx, uoc uuxc
u ccyuc:su cc c:c.. ucccsnuuuu:u uu:cccu:u uc c:c.u
ow nu:u x .yocxc:y u cxccuuucsuuuc:y suu:ccuc:suu
s co.uc:u :uuuwx cncuuu nc:us .uocc cocc suu. Jc: uc
:cucc, ll uuu.u owc:w:u :c:nu:u yxcn.z:. cscu xcu:u
scwsu:c..uwu unnuu:, xc:z .usucu uucu ccxc:ucu c.yxow
ncncxuc:y cc:usu.cc. nc:usccuc:suc suy:cuucu ycc. .z
oc.cc aqqcx:usucu uoc:w su.u c: c:c.uw 1 :u:u 11 cu
ow.c nuuz:c coucuuc xc scc: Ccsc:u: uu :cc:ux c nc.cxc
uuc: coucsu:. ccc:sc:c:syuuc {yocucxuc u ycuwc c
swuuuwc xc:uccuu. \xc x unc.u :cu:cuu..uwc l scuux
.u s lc:cuc, Iuxuc: Icsccc, O:cxc, Cu:oucxc, Jy.c,
lz:xc, O.c, 1c:uxuuu u uccxc..xux ccux lyouuu. lx :uncsuz
suy:cuuzz c:yx:yu ccc:cz.u u c.cc:scuucu xc:uccuu, ccx
c:ucu uc:u, c:c.u nc oc.oc c xcu:csc.uucu u c:c.u nc
oc.oc cc cncxy.zucu. 11 uuuz 11 cu uu 1u lcccccuuc
xcu xcuqccuuu cswuuuwx xc:uccuu nc oc.oc c xcu:c
sc.uucu u cncxy.zucu ow.c nuuz:c suxucc ncc:uucs.cuuc.
1ccuoqou 1uuu:uuuo
JA Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T
`1 lz:. uu ccoz uu sccu :cu:cuu ccnyo.uxu scu :zxcc:. occncuucu oc.ow c
xcu:csc.uucu, cncxy.zucu, .cync:co.cuuz:u nc c.xucc:u u 2 nc.cxu:. Ccs
uuxc:y nccu:. cxuuy sccu xc.cucccxucu cc:u s uucxuwc yxu cswuuuwx lc
:uccuu nc oc.oc c xcu:csc.uucu u cncxy.zucu.
.z :uxcu oc.ow u cxuuw xc.cuwx cc lcccccuucxuz lcuqccuuz uuxcu:
uccoxcu:w:.
1 cuuucsu:. nu xuxc: Oo.uc:uc:, Iyocucxc: Ccscnc, u :uxxc nu xynuwx
ycuwx Ccscnux, y.cswx xc.cucccxuwx cu:ux, xynuwx nc:ux, s ncuuuucu nc
.ccc = c:cuuyu cc:. cswuuuwx lc:uccuu nc oc.oc c xcu:csc.uucu u cncxy.zu
cu.
lu:cuuuc. :u:, c cuuucswsu:. xc:uccuu uc..z u.u uc uyxuc, xux, uunu:c,
nu sc.cc:uwx, :u.wx ycuwx Ccscnux, uccccuuwx, ncuuuuwx nccux u :. n., c
swuuuw:u xc:uccuz:u c:usz:cz xc:uccuw .z :cu xc c.u`
. l cy..:u:c x xcuy 11
cu s c:uuc nczsu.cc. 40 yocucxux u ycuwx l, suy:cuuzz c:yx:yu xc:cwx
nuo.uu:c..uc ccc:sc:c:scsu.u c:yx:yc ll. Ouuxc scxcc ycuwc l ow.u ynuuc
uw. luuuu:u a:cc zsu.uc. uuxuu ycscu. xsu.uquxuuu ux uoc:uuxcs, ucnc..csuuuc
unnuu:u l :cc:uw: yxcscc:sc: s .uuwx c.zx u uxc yuc:uc cncu:usucc ccc:usu s
yc.csuwx ncc:yn.cuuzx. lu:cu s ycux suuu.c nczsu.uc. ync.uc:ccuuwc yocucxux
l, u ncucc ux :cc:c uuz.u nc.u:uccxuc ouc s ccc:usc ycucu :u.uuu. :u cuuw
sc.us.z. u:cc:u:c.. uuu..uuxu :u.uuu, uc s cncu:usuc: c:ucucuuu cuu ncuuz.uc.
l, u:csucu s xuxc: ouc csccc ncc:usu:c.z. C 1 cxuoz 121 cu c:u:yc ycuwx
lc.u:ouc ow. ncswucu, cuu c:u.u cu:cc:cz:c..uw:u c:c.u:u yucnc.xc:cs.
l:csuuxcz y ll cu. u ccc:s ow.c uccc:u:cuc .z aqqcx:usucc swnc.ucuuz
cncccusuwx uu, nca:c:y 10 {2 cxuoz 11 cu lc..cuz ll uu cuc: u csc
ux uccuuuu ucc:c:c.u scncc `O sccyxcuucu cu.c` u cou:u.uc. x Ccsuuxc:y u
cccuc:suc: s a:c: scnccc. lcc:uucs.cuuc CIl c: 14 zusuz 11 cu uxcucu:c..uc
nccc:usu.c ll nusc cuuucswsu:. cncuu..uwc c:zw, u :u:u lc..cuz ll
nc.cxu.u :cu:cuu..uw: cuuu: qc:ucsu:. uuu.cuuwc ncuc.cuuz s cscc:
ccc:usc. Iuxuucxcc scc:c:sc cousc.cc. ccoc:scuuw:u sccyxcuuw:u cu.u:u, u c uuuz
11 cu scc ucucuuwc c:zw s cu:c u uu :cc:ux ow.u csccuw s lcnyc scucx l.
l :c:cu:y coucsuuuz cu uucu:wsu. ou:u..cucs u:u:ucu uc.cuucc:.u nc 0 c.cscx
c ny.c:c:u:u u u:u..cucu, s ccucsuc: ucxsu:ucsuuuwx s :cc:ux uuuoc.cc ux:usucc
nc:usccuc:suz ucscu s.uc:u.
Ccscucuuc uc c:c.. cucuuuc cuu.cz scncc c sccuucu xcu:uscxc. lux u
scc:uc, s ncuc c uczoz 11 nc uuu.c 11 cu cc ccycc:s.z.u ccxc.xu ncxucc
xcu:uscwsu:c..ucc unnuu:u. Ouu nccu:cucswsu.uc., nccncuuz.uc., nu a:c: scc
oc.cc :czz wuu xcu:c.z u cu:yuucu, u ncc:czuuc ncscz.uc. uu .cz..ucc:.. 1 c
xuoz 11 cu ucnc.uzuuu cozuuucc:u scxcsucc .usucxc:uuyucc 1. 4. ^zcuu
xcs uu. nuxu, cx.uucsusuuu uccoxcu:cc:. cycc:scuuc ccxu:u:. xcu:uscxy
s yc.csuzx ux.ucuucc ncc:uuz. l cy..:u:c cc unnuu:w s scucxux ow.u cscuy:w,
s u:uoux xcnyccs uucu:wsu.cc. nc 1 xcu:uscuxcs, s u:uoux u:uu u qcu:cs
= nc 20, sx.uuz :cxuuccxux uoc:uuxcs u coc.yxusuuuu ncccuu.. l zusuc 11 cu
xcu:uscwsu:c..uuz c.yxou nuxuc: uuxc:u nc sccuuw: u :ccxu: c.u: l. l. w
ocuxc ow.u ccuc nccu:cucsuuu s C.yxoy sccuucc xcu:c.z {lccuxcu:c... luuucu
a:cc c:u. z ucnuz:uwx uuucu:cs c :u.cu:c:uw:u, uc cscxou:c..uw:u cc.u:u:u
u :u:ccu:u, y xc:cwx uoocsuu:yu ll s cxy:cu:ux cncu:usuwx cc:yuuxcs cy.z
uc swwsu.u y ucccuuuu c xcu:csc.uucu. 1 unc.z 11 cu :cc:uwc c:c.cuuz
xcu:uscxu ow.u ucnycuw ssuy .uxsuuuu ncxucu cuc:c:w sccuucc ynus.cuuz.
lc cu:u..uwu unnuu: ccxuuu.cz s cu..uc ycuuuc: suc s xucc:sc Occocc c:c.cuuz
lcuc:uucuucu c.yxow lccuucc:u:uc:uccxcc c:c.u {lCO lcccc.usu:uou {lIl,
s :uc 11 cu u:cuusucc .uxsuucsuuucc I.usucc ynus.cuuc cuu:uou. Ccscucuuc
ccsuuc, :c c:c.. uuxuu c:u:yc s ccc:uuuu c qux:uccxu: c:cy:c:suc: quuuucucsuuuz,
xu:uc:cquccxu: ccxucuuc: u:u:cs u nux:uccxcu .uxsuuucu :cc:uwx cuucs cc
:usu. c:uuy ocuu:ucu ncc uucc:uuucu ucu:ycu.
lcnw:xy ccxuuu:. xcu:uscxy ncnuuz. sccuuwu yxcscu:c.. lwcucc sccu
ucc ccsc:u {llC ^. . lculycsu, ou: ync:uuusucccz ynus.zucc c.u:u Ccs
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T JAL
uuxc:u l. . lculycsuu. 1 unc.z 11 cu cu cozu. sccuyxcs yuc:xcs 3usccw
cuuucsu:. cuc:c:y nc:usccuc:suz ucu:yuw: yc:c:.cuuz: nc:usuuxu. l uuu.c :uz
cu ucnczu.cz cuuuuucuuc cqc:u:. ynnw uuz:wx a:cu uoc:cu sccuucc.yxuux
s O:c.cuuz nc oc.oc cc unucuuxc: {Oll u xc:n.cx:csu:. ux u:u:w ucx.uu:c..uc
cqucu:u c.yxow cucu..ucc u:uou c cnw:c: uoc:w s xcu:uscxc. C:c.. xcc:xuc
xu:cuu c:ocu nusc.u x :c:y, :c ccc:sc:c:syuux u: .ucu cxuu.cc. nux:uccxu uc
sc:cxuc c:wcxu:.. l cy..:u:c cz:c..ucc:. xcu:uscwsu:c..ucc ncuc.cuuz llC
qux:uccxu csc.uc. x uuoc:xc ucxc:cwx cxy:cu:cs u nccxuuuu cszu Oll yuc:
xcs 3usccw c lcccc.usu:uoc:.
Ic.cncc:. nccoucc nc.cxcuuz scxcc c:u.u ccsuucu, u sccuucc xc:uucsuuuc
nuuz.c :cw x .uxsuuuu ccu:u.ucsuuucc:u xcu:uscwsu:c..uwx cuucs luc
ucu 1:uu. l xcuc :uz 11 cu scc cuu ow.u csccuw sccuuc s O:c.cuuc sccuucc
xcu:c.z {Oll s ccc:usc Oncu:usucc c:c.u Iuxc:u:u nc sccuuw: c.u: sc .usc c
^uxcc: Jux:uuc:, u u:c: lu..u l:cuuu:c:. C cx:zoz 11 cu Oll nc.yu. c:u
:yc O:c.u sccuucc xcu:c.z Iuxc:sccuu, u uczoc 11 cu u Oll, u ncuqcuuuwc
cuuw sccuucu xcu:uscxu ow.u cxcuu:c..uc cu:u.ucsuuw u sx.ucuw s ccc:us
lcuc:uucuucc ynus.cuuz lc.cscc u:uou lcsc.uucuucc sccuucc ccsc:u lccnyo.uxu
{llCl uu nusux cc 1c c:c.u. Ouuxc nc.u.cc. a:c ucc.c, u scxcc lccuxcu:c..
swc.cu u lcuc:ynu s xucc:sc cu:cc:cz:c..ucc ncuc.cuuz u:uou cc u:u:ucu uc
.cuucc:.u 1 c.cscx. Oncu:usucu uoc:cu s uc: yxcscu.u 1x:usuuz uc:., uu ncsc:
a:unc cuc:scsusuuz :c..xc s ^ccxsc, uc ncucc ucncc:uuusuuz cscu cncuuu u uu
ncsuuuu cc ncuqcuuuwc ouc lccuxcu:c.z s sccuuwx cxyux u uu qcu:ux.
l ucc:u:usuc:c:y sc:cuu Iuxuucxuz scuuu yxc uuu.uc., u uccoxcu:cc:.
xcu:uscwsu:c..ucc coccnccuuz scucx u nuqcu:cscu nc.ccw yxc nccc:u.u swwsu:.
cc:ucuuz uxc y cu:wx c:ccxcu..uwx nc:usuuxcs cncu:usucu uoc:w. lusu, ccucs
uw: nc:usuuxc: s uuuc: c.yuc zs.z.uc. uc uucc:uuuwc uscxu, u cncc.yxow suy:
cuuux cnncucu:cs, :c uc :c.c uc ccu:. scc.:u cncuquccxyu cu:yuuu. lux uscc:uc,
cx:zo.cxuu nccscc:, xux cc u:cucsu.u cu:u oc..ucsuxu, swwsu. cu:nu:uu u.cxc uc
y sccx uxuu lcccuu, u uc:u.c u uux ux:usuc occ.uc. u cscxcuuc ccsc:cxcu s.uc:u.
Ic ccc:us.z.u ucx.ucuuz u cuuw sccuucu xcu:uscxu, s uuu:c..ucu c:cncuu u
cccuuwc nc:usuuxu:u cxu:u. lcsw: cuuu.c: :cscu ncsyu.c c.c ncnc..ucu
cuuuuuu `Ol`, s xc:cyu sxcu. z cc:yuuxcs lccuuc:ccxcc xcu:c.z {l^l
u lcuc:uucuucu c.yxow :ccxcc cucu..ucc u:uou {^Il. Ouu ow.u ccscucuuc
c.yuuuc ucxw:u uu yocxc 11 u 11 ccs, u cc yxcscu:c.u l. 1. Oxc.yu u uu
u..uux l^l 1. l. 1ou:csu ow.u ucc:c.zuw. l cy..:u:c nuuz:wx :c nc cuc:xc
:ccxcu xcu:uscxu c: xcu:csc.uucuuwx a.c:cu:cs 2 zusuz 11 cu lc:c
ucxcc :ccxcc xcu:uscwsu:c..ucc c:c.cuuc u xcu:uscxy lu.:q.c:u .uxsuuc
su.u, u ux uuu nccu.u O:c.cuuu sccuucc xcu:c.z s Ic..cuuqccc, c ncxu cc ou
ucsu.uc. ccucsuwc cu.w q.c:u. l:cuuc cc s:cc:c c yu:u c:yx:yu:u xcu:uscxu
s c:c.uc 4uu.zuuu ncucc uc.ucuc ncscz. ncswu uxccuuwu ucu:uc.cu. ll
1. 4. 4u.unncs {`1cxuu`, s cy..:u:c cc cuu ow.u qux:uccxu ucnycuw u sccccu
uw .uu. s lc:cuc s cx:zoc 11 cu. Ooc:uucsxu s lccuxcu:c.c ow.u uc c:c.. cxuu
u..ucu, uc, suc cc:ucuuz, uu uu:uccsc:cxux yocxcuuu :ucux cc cc:yuuxcs sccuuuz
xcu:uscxu s uuuc: suc uuxux uc :c.u cu:u:.cz cnccu s.uc:u, :c: oc.cc s yc.csuzx
uxuucxcu scuuw. lc:c :cc, cc:yuuxu lccuxcu:c.z, xux nusu.c, ccccc:cusu.uc.
ucx.uu:c..uc uu x.uccuccxcu oc.oc cc unucuuxc: u ccscucuuc uc xc.u.u yuc:sc
su:. s oc.oc c xcu:csc.uucu, nc.uuz cc uccscuc:scuucu u: uucu. lcsw: uu a:c
cou:u. suu:uuuc .cu l|ll l. l. luuuccnn, yxuwsusuuu s csccu cx.uucu unucxc s
l|ll, CIl, llCl u ll. `C :cx nc, xux u:cuu.cz xuux:c scuuw, c :cx nc, xux cuu
c:u.u uxuucxcu scuucu, :yuc u uxc ucsc:cxuc c:.uu:. unucuux c: xcu:csc.u
ucuuwx cuc:suu`
.
cxuc:w u uucc ncouu.uc. x xcu:c.u uu u:ucu, nu
a:c: :cucc sccc uu:cccyzc. oc.ocu cc unucuuxc:. lc s :u:c
11 cu, ncc.c ucc:c:cuuz scnccu c lcuc:ync uu \ll c1c
c lll{o, ow.c nuuz:c cucuuc u1z:. u ucc xcu:uscxy u
ncuuu:. cc uunz:yu ccs:cc:uc \nus.cuuu c.u:u llCl u ll.
C a:cc :c:cu:u ccsc:cxuz sccuuuz uscxu u xcu:uscxu yxc
uuxcu oc.cc uc co1cuuz.uc. s cuuc: cuuc. unc.z 11 cu
lcuuy: ll ncyu. cuc:y u c:c.cuuu O:c.u nc oc.oc c
xcu:csc.uucu uuz:.cz ncsccuuc: xcu:uscwsu:c..uwx :c
cnuz:uu s sccuucu ccc, nc xc:cw:u s cuc:su:c..ucc:u nc
uy:csu.cz xcu:c.. u o.ucuucxucc:.u scucx, cuuxc uu a:c:
a:unc u..uc ncxc.uuuu c.c uc ncsuuy.cc.. Oucsc:cuuc ll
nw:u.uc. uc :c..xc sucu:.cz s lll1, uc u nc.c:u:. cycc:scsus
uyu c:yx:yy sccuucu xcu:uscxu. uuuwu ncccc u:c. co1cx
:usuyu ccucsy, nccxc..xy cccxuuuc syx nuu..c..uwx unnuu:cs
.z coccnccuuz occnucucc:u scucx zs.z.cc. cuc:su:c..uc ucncsc.u:c..ucu ccxcu.u. l
xcuy 11 cu a:c c:u.c ccsuuw: u .z cxuc:cs, u .z sccuuwx. l nuuunc, u y llCl
u Iuxc:sccuu, u y ll c:cy:c:scsu.u cc:ucuuz s c.ccccouucc:u co1cuucuuz cuucs
sccuucu xcu:uscxu, cuuxc ow.c ncxu uczcuc, xc:y cuu oyc: ncuuz:.cz.
Iuu.cz ncc:cncuuwu ncccc succuuz cuucs ccoccnucucc:u s u:cucxyu cc
y. lccuucc yxcscc:sc uu uuuc: a:unc uc c.uuxc: scuxu.c nc:us :uxcc nccccu,
nccxc..xy u llCl, u ll swnc.uz.u cuy nuuunuu..uyu uuy = uu:y usccsuuucu
s.uc:u. .z swuoc:xu ccs:cc:ucu .uuuu cuc:suu 12 uczoz 11 cu .cuw lcssccuccsc
:u ccnyo.uxu C. l. 1u.cs u 1. l. lccuc.. ncsc.u ccscuuuc c 4. . cxuucxu: u
cc:u.u ccsccuucc:u c uccoxcu:cc:u c.uzuuz ncuucuuwx u: cncu:usuwx unnuu
:cs s cuuwu Occowu c:c. c uuu:u sccuuz ucu:yucu uscxu, xcu:uscxu u sw
zs.cuuz xcu:csc.uucuccs s u:uu u uu q.c:c. lcncc ncuucuucc:u ucscu c:yx:yw
uu a:c: ccscuuuu uc cocyxu.cz. Jcu xc ow.c cucuc ccu:. ccs:cc:uyu xc:uccuu
.z ccuuuuuu lccuxcu:c.z u u:cucxux l. Ouuxc s cncxcuuwu ncccc c.uzuuz
s:cuu.cz .cu lc..cuu ll 1uuc, sucunuc uxc .z cxuucxcc ccscuusuuu z
uy:uwx u c:cuc:uucuuwx cuc:suu, s :c: uc.c s ncccc, uunus.cuuwx uu ucxcu:u
uu u .uxsuuuu unnuu:u Oll. Ic ucx.ucuc, :c u:cuuc a:c u swsu.c scuuxucscuuc
ncscu :cuuw :cxy u:cucxu:u u cxuc:cxu:u yxcscu:c.z:u. l xc:z lc..cuz ll,
u :uxxc luc |l lll{o ccyu.u cuc:suz 1uucu u nuuz.u cucuuc c uccnyc:u:cc:u
ucnc..csuuuz cc s u..ucuuc: s cqcc coccnccuuz occnucucc:u u:uu, cscu ucu:usuyu
c.. cu yxc cwu..
Icc:c:z uu uccxuuuuc scuuxuuc uuc.ucuz, nco.c:y co1cuucuuz lccuxcu:
c.z u l c.ccsu.c cuu:. oc ucxxu. l cszu c a:u: 1 cxuoz 11 cu luc |l
lll{o nuuz.c cucuuc c uc:xc u:u:u lccuxcu:c.z u co1cuucuuu cc c lccuuw: c:
c.c: ll u qcu:csw:u cswuuuw:u xc:uccuz:u. .z co.ccuuz c.uzuuz sc.us.zs
ucc lccuuwu c:c. ll ^. C. lccsu cxc:cucsu.u uu nuu..c..uwu ncc: uscyucc
lccuxcu:c.c:. 1x:usuyu uc:. Oll sc.usu. 1:ycs. lcxcc sccuuwc u cxuc:w nuu.u
x cxcuu:c..uc:y cucuuu, u 4 zusuz 11 cu lccs uu. nuxu 1 nc Occoc:y
c:c.y c nc.cxcuuc: oc nc:c.cuuz nuc:ynu:. x c.uzuuu qcu:cswx, cxyxuwx
0
u
yocucxux sccuuwx c:c.cs :cc:uwx l c unnuu:u:u lccuxcu:c.z .z coucsuuuz cuc
:c:w :cc:uwx Occowx c:c.cs. \xc qcsu.z 11 cu ucsuz c:yx:yu ow.u y:scxcuu
ncc:uucs.cuuc: l|ll, s xc:cc: cuu u:cucsu.uc. Occow: c:c.c: {OO nu ll
1
c
qyuxuz:u uu:w s.uc:u, coccnccuuz occnucucc:u csc.uucuuwx usccsuuuu u .uu.
N. . 1uuc
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T JAS
s :c:.u ccc. = xcu:uscxu. Ccs:cc:uc ncnucuuucc llCl u ll lc.cxcuuc nu
cccowx c:c.ux nu ll u yocxu .ucu.c.
`1. lc.ou c xcu:csc.uucu u unucuuxc: s u:uu u q.c:c sc.uuc:cz uu Occowu
c:c. nu ll.
2. Oocc yxcscc:sc swucyxuuuucu oc.ocu sc.uuc:cz uu ll, xc:cuz cc cscu
Occowu c:c. yxcscu: uoc:cu :cc:uwx Occowx c:c.cs, xcu:c.uyc: ux cz:c..ucc:. u
yxcscu: uoc:cu ucu:yw u uuucu
2
, s cxxynucsuuuwx uucc:uuuw:u cxusu:u u
uuz:w:u oc.csucuu:u co.uc:zx.
. Occowu c:c. ll s:cc:c c :c: ucncccc:scuuc nc xcu:c.c: lcssccuccsc:u
lccnyo.uxu swnc.uzc: scc cc uuuuz`
.
lcxcc Occowc c:c.w ow.u cuuucsuuw nu qcu:ux, u:uzx u yocucxux l, s
usuuzx nczsu.uc. Occowc c:c.cuuz, u s nuqcu:cscu nc.ccc, o.uxuc: :w.y u y.cswx
:cxux cyxcny:uwx u scuwx xc::yuuxuuu scuux.u Occowc sccuucxcu:c..uwc nyux:w.
Juxu: couc:, c.cxu.uc. sc nuu..c..uwc c:yx:yw xcu:uscxu. :cu:cuu..uuz u
sccuuuz. lcscuuu..uc unnuu: Occocc c:c.u ll ccc:cz. u c.cyuux ncuc.cuuu.
= Oocc c:c.cuuc,
= Oncu:usucc c:c.cuuc,
= 1x:usucc c:c.cuuc,
= C.cc:scuucc c:c.cuuc,
= Ouuuuucuucuucncx:ccxcc c:c.cuuc.
Jcu:cuu..uwc u scucxcswc cuuw Occocc c:c.u sw.zc.u uccxc..xc uuuc. lc
ccc:czuuu uu zusuz 11 cu cuu ccc:cz.u u Oocc u 1x:usucc c:c.cuuu, uc yxc
cc sc ucc.u, c 1 zusuz, nucoc.u ucscc ncc:ccuuc.
= 1x:usuuz uc:.,
= Ouuuuucuucuucncx:ccxuz uc:.,
= 7czuc:scuuuz uc:.,
= Ccxc:uuu:,
= C.cc:scuuuz uc:. {cous.cuu s xcuc zusuz.
l u..ucuuc: c:yx:yu xux yocucxux, :ux u qcu:cswx u u:cucxux Occowx c:c
.cs uccucxu:uc u:cuz.uc..
Occow: c:c.u: ow.u sccu nucyu :cucuuz x us:cuc:uu, xc:cuz ncucuccxu
nczs.z.uc. sn.c:. c c:c:.cuuz c:c.u:.cz c: ll u c:u:. nuu..c..uw: cu ucusucu
:w: cuuc:. \xc s :c:cu: ccuuuz cuu uuu:u.u s c:yx:yc ll cccocc nc.cxcuuc u
cuc:scsu.u xux cu:cc:cz:c..ucc scc:c:sc, nu:c: uuc:yu oc.cc s.uz:c..ucc, c: `:u
:cuucxuz` c:yx:yu. lc.nc ll s Jyxcc:uuc lc:cc 2 usyc:u 120 cu cx.uwsu..
`lc.cxcuuc :uxcc, :c OO uc cycc:syu: nu l s co.uc:zx u ycux u uc ucnc.uzu: cscux
nz:wx uu, uu:ccuuwx .z uux ll u l cycc:syu: nu cccowx c:c.ux`
4
. :c xuu
uc :cscxu.c yxcscc:sc ccoccnucucc:u, c:c:.usc cyusucc cnucucc:. ynuucuuz
cuc:c:w ll, s cccocuucc:u uu qcuc uc:ycc uccsc..c:su cswuuuw: xuux:cc: cc
cz:c..ucc:u. lcuuy: ll uxcu:ucsu. ncuucuucc:. yocucxux Occowx c:c.cs y
ocucxu: l, uc cu:yuuu a:c uc ucnusu.c, oc.cc :cc, ycu.u.c cncc.cuuwu uu:ucuu:
suy:u :cu:cuu..uwx cuucs ccoccnucucc:u. c qcsu.z 120 cu Occowc c:c.w
uxc uu ycsuc yocxu u:c.u ccoc:scuuwc ncu:u u o.uuxu cccs uu nusc cowcxcs u
ucc:u. lcc.c .uxsuuuu s :c: xc :cczc c.cc:scuucc unnuu:u ll cccouc:w ccxu
uu.u cc s csccu c:yx:yc. OO uc usucc.u c: xc..c uxc s nccxxc cu.csw:u ncu
c.cuuz:u, nccxc..xy ccu:zoz 11 cu nc.yu.u nusc ccusu:. ccoc:scuuwc c:zw
cccocc uuuucuuz. lc.cc :cc, cuu ucnc.uu.u cycc:scuuc oc.cc uucxu:u nc.uc:cu
z:u nu:cucuuz c:c:ucu xuuu, uxc ncc.c cc qc:u..ucu c::cuw 1 qcsu.z 120 cu.
C.cyc: c::c:u:. u:c:uyu ucusucnusucc:. scucxcswx u :cu:cuu..uwx Occowx c:c
.cs. Iunu:c, cucsc:cuuc c .uucuuc: OO yocxu nus uu ccoc:scuuwc o.uuxu, ncu:.
u ccu :uxcswc ccxuuz.uc. u sccuucu xcu:uscxcu sn.c:. c ycsuz usuucuuwx
Occowx c:c.cuuu.
C.cxusuuzcz cu:yuuz nusc.u x c::cxy :u.c:u..cxu ncc:cs.cuuwx xucs c
xuc:cs u :cu:cuu..uwx cuucs s cuc:c:y qcu:cswx u u:cucxux Occowx c:c.cs.
l cy..:u:c yocucxuc l nux:uccxu nc.ucc:.u .uuu.uc. cncuu.uc:cs nc qux:uccxu
u1z:cu u ux sccuuz xcu:uscwsu:c..ucu uoc:c. lcc.c cxcuu:c..uc cqc:usucccz
uc.cuuz xcu:uscxu uu sccuuyu u :cu:cuu..uyu ncsuz u uux zsuc ncsu.uc
JA9 Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T
su.u uu s:ccu, uc :c..xc uu :cc, :c suxccxuu unucuux u:uusu. s ccucsuc: u
ncxc sccc scucxu u c:uccusuuccz x uu: co1cx:w, uc u ssuy uucxcc ucncc:uucuuz
sccuucc nc.cxcuuz nc :cu:cuu c:uuw. lccxc..xy cccouc:w s ncsyu ccc. uuu
:u.uc. u:ucu, s cuc:c:c ccyuc:scuucu occnucucc:u coucsu.cc. :ucxcc:sc nccx.
l cccocuucc:u cc:c a:c cyu.cc. s nuqcu:cswx uucuux, nca:c:y cxc: l|ll c: 20
uuuz 11 cu yxcc:cu. cuc:c:y uuxuuuuu. l :cc:ucc:zx, co1zs.cuuwx uu sccuuc: nc.c
xcuuu, ll u yocucxuc l nc.yu.u nusc nu:cuz:. cuuxuu u c.cyuuc cxuuuuwc
ncc:yn.cuuz nc:us ccyuc:su u cocc:su, u :uxxc nc:us uxuu.
1 luuu.cxucc:. x xcu:csc.uucuucu cuuuuuu, yuc:uc s ucscc nc:us
ccsc:cxcu s.uc:u.
2 Iccyuc:scuuuz u:cuu, unucuux, yxwsu:c..c:sc u:cuuuxcs u unucucs.
Ccxw:uc s xcu:csc.uucuuwx c.zx occscc cyxuz.
4 lcc.xu cucxuwx uuxcs, nc.c cxy:cu:cs s xcu:csc.uucuuwx c.zx.
\uc:uc s ncxcux u swsux s xcu:csc.uucuuwx c.zx.
\:wu.cuucc yuu:cxcuuc u.u ncscxcuuc xc.cucccxuwx ny:cu, :cc:cs,
yux cccyxcuuu, :c.cqcuucc u :c.cqcuucc cccocuuz, cx.ucs scuucxcc sc
cyxcuuz, cuuzxcuuz, nccsc..c:scuuwx u qyuxuwx unuccs.
luuu:u: {yuc:uc s uuuxc, ccc:ususucucz .z youuc:su u uocxcu, ncccouucc
:sc u yxwsu:c..c:sc :uxcu uuuxu.
luocu u sccyxcuuwu uocx.
l.c: ccsc:cxux u cocc:scuuwx cx.ucs, :uuuucs c c..u xucuuz.
10 Icuxcuuuz :ccs.z xcxuuuc:.
Ocsuuc, :c ncc:us.cuuwc ncc cuuu:u occnucucc:u uuu ow.u cu:w:u u
uccuw:u, nuc: s cycc:scuucu uc:u :uuucuuc c:uccusuu:ucz x xc:nc:cuuu
cuucs cxuuw nuscnczxu. lx ucsc:cxuc ow.c cuu:. oc ccc:sc:c:syucc nu
cnccco.cuuz suy:cuucu c:yx:yw ll, u c.u:. a:c c.ccsu.c ucu:c.u:c..uc. Ouuxc
cqc:u: sczccxu ncnz:c:scsu. uscyuuu Occow: c:c.c: lccs, yncuc u ncc.cc
su:c..uc ncscusuuu .uuuu uu c:c.cuuc ncuucuucu c:y c:yx:yw c: cocu cuc:c:w
ccoccnucucc:u. lc sccx cxy:cu:ux cu u:cucsu. ccoz uc ynus.zuu:, u ncccu:c.c:
OO nu ll u ncc:czuuc nccxusu. cscu ucusucu:cc:.. Ouuxc lccs uc cucu
:ucsu.cz u uu sccuucc scc:c:sc, s xc:cc: scxcc cuucxu. ucuusuc:. csccu uccowuc
swccxcu xcuq.ux:ucc:.u u nuscxcuucc:.u x cncccusuw: :c:cu:. lcc.:u owc:c sw
zsu.uc. cc uccncccoucc:. sc.us.z:. c:c.. suxuwu s yc.csuzx uxuucxcu scuuw cuu.
lcccu:c..,uscyuuu OO ncc:czuuc u1cxu. nc qcu:u: s ocucnccc, c::cuz
cscu ncc:ccuuz ncscc:cc:uw:u cuc:c:u:uccxu:u ucc:c.u:u ocucs, xc:uuucs u
uxuucxux .u. Iuxuxcu cuuuuucuucu uoc:w lccs nuuunuu..uc uc ncscu. u
ow. cuu:c..uc uuc:ccu uu cucuuc ncc:us.cuuwx uu ucx.uu:c..uc cncccusuw:u
:c:cu:u. Juxuz nux:uxu ccuuucswsu.u lucuyu 1:uu u ucxcu:ucsu.u ccsc:
cxcc yxcscc:sc, s cszu c c: Jcxuu nc:cocsu. c: 1cuuuu u cxuucxcc scuy:.
uuu..uuxu sccuucu xcu:uscxu s ^ccxsy, ycxuz s nc:usuc: c.yuc ucc:csu:. cc.
Ooucuuc ncccu:c.z llCl ncnu.c uu ncc:cs.cuuyu ncsy. l ll usuc uu.u c nc
qcccucuu..ucu ucccc:cz:c..ucc:u lccsu u c:uuucc:zx cc xuux:cu, u cc oc.cc ow.u
coccncxccuw ccnuu:uc:cxu:u :cucuuz:u s cuc:c:c Occowx c:c.cs, nca:c:y cxuu
cxuu succ s luc |l lll{o nc.cxcuuc co c:c:uucuuu ncccu:c.z Occocc c:c.u
c: c.xucc:u. l ucc:u:usuc:c:y sc:cuu cnuccx cuuocuwx uucs lccsu cycc:scu
uc ucccz. Ou uc cnus.z.cz c yxcscc:sc: :cc:uw:u unnuu:u:u Occowx c:c.cs, uc
s:cc:c c.cucsuuuz uc:u nus qcu:csw: OO ncc:ynu. uu:c:u..uc nc:uscnc.cxuw:
couc: u u:xuy. u:cucxuc unnuu:w uu \nus.cuuc Occowx c:c.cs. Iu c.u qcu:cs
cc:u.uc. ucx.uu:c..uc yxcscc:sc OO ucnc.cxcuuwx s ux nc.ccc yocxu, xcu:usc
wsu:c..ucc coccnccuuc ycxcuuu qcu:cscc ncuucuuz u yc:uwc qyuxuu. Jcxuu
u yuc .uu s swcuc: yxcscc:sc lll1 c uuuc:uuu: uccsc..c:sc: uuo.uu.u usu.
cuc:c:w coccnccuuz occnucucc:u scucx, ncucxczuu s xu:uccxuu .z ccsc:cxcu s.uc
:u ncuc, u uccncccoucc:. ll xc:. xux:c s:cuu:.cz s a:c: ncccc. l xcucuc: u:cc
llCl cou.cz qux:uccxcc swscu yxcscc:su Occow:u c:c.u:u unc auw cuc:c:w
ccoccnucucc:u, :c s :u:c 11 cu ow.c uxcn.cuc ccc:sc:c:syuu: cucuuc: \lll
c1cu lll{o. lcc.c a:cc :cc:uwc OO c:u.u ncuuz:.cz xc:uccuu: u:uu u qcu:cs,
u u \nus.cuuc: Occowx c:c.cs ll cc:u.cc. .uu. cocc yxcscc:sc u:u. Iu a:c:
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T JU
ncccc uc cc:uucsu.cz. lcc:uucs.cuuc Ccsc:u :yu u coccuw c: 1 :uz 11 cu ncc
usu.c scu cuc:c:y sccuucu xcu:uscxu s sccuuc llC u.uuwx ycsucu, u ccs:cc:ucc
ncc:uucs.cuuc lc.u:ouc u Oouc |l lll{o, nuuz:cc uu uccuuuu 2 = 4 uuuz :cc
xc cu, nc:scu.c nusu cssccuccsc:cs uuuuu:. u c:cu:. yxcscu:c.cu Occowx c:
c.cs. lcccu:c.. llCl Jcxuu .uuc xcu:c.ucsu. a:c: ncccc u .z cc ycxccuuz
s xcuc uuuz scuy. qcu:csw: OO uucc nuuu.cxusuuc u: u c:couuuwc y uux qyu
xuu. lc:u:c uuu cocu cn:u:uuuu cuc:c:w, :uxu: ny:c: cu nc.yu. sc:cxucc:.
ncc:usu:. uu x.ucswc ncc:w scuwx c:y .ucu.
l ucc:u:usuc:c:y sc:cuu yxcscc:sc ll cncxsu:u.cc. u cccuu.c, :c cnu
cu:.cz c.cyc: uc :c..xc u.uuucu cu:cc:cz:c..ucc:u Occowx c:c.cs, uc u uccxc..xc
uccxuuuucc scuuz sccuuwx, snc.uc cncccouwx nccxsu:u:. coccnccuuc occnucucc:u
scucx s ccoc:scuuwc yxu. cxuucxuu axc:cuuc uuu. nuuu:u:. ucxsu:uwc :cw .z
sccc:uucs.cuuz csccc s.uzuuz, uuus c ccc:sc:c:syucc ncc:uucs.cuuz lc..cuu ll c:
2 uuuz 11 cu. Oucucc lccsu scxcc you.u c ncc:u ncccu:c.z \OO, xc:cwu
1 usyc:u 11 cu nc ccs:cc:u:c..c:sy uuz. cu: yxcscu:c.. ccoccnucucc:u. l a:c:y
sc:cuu ccu. csccsc:cuuc ncccnc.u c:xuz .uxsuuuz ucscuccxux cuuuuuu
`Iuucuu..uwu cu:` u `l:uo cocsc..ccxcu u:uu ^ccxcscxcc uucuu`, scc.:u yn
cusuuz us:cu:c: \OO. 3u:c: cxuucxuu cuu.cz uu occncuwuuwu xc, nc.yus
cc.ucuc uu ssc s cu:u..uwu cuu sccuucu xcu:uscxu :uxux suuwx cz:c.cu, xux
xuuuu: s .cuw lc.u:ouc |l lll{o I. l. lyxuuu, ccxc:u. l|ll 1. C. luyxuc,
.cu llC u u:uu l. C. luc..u:cuu, .cu lcuuy:u l|ll l. 1. 1suucccs. l u
su:uc a:cu nux:uxu cccu.u 11 cu cu ycu. uuc:u:y: cccocync.uc:ccuuwx \OO,
xc:cw:u c:u.u owsuuu uuxc: quuuuccs, u:c: cucu..uwu xcucy. CCCl s lc.uuc l.
l. ^cuxuucxuu, ccxc:u. ^u.cc Ccsuuxc:u . C. 1uucs, u:cc:u:c.. uuxc:u ccxcu
:c.z l. l. 1uuc u c:sc:c:scuuwc uoc:uuxu cu:cu ll 1. 7. 1:ycs u l. . 4c..:uu.
lu c:uuuc: usucyuuu sccuuwx cxuc:w cnz:. uuu.u `ncc:zusuuuc xuuu:u`, sucs.
coxcz qcu:cscu ycscu. yxcscc:su :cc:uw:u Occow:u c:c.u:u, :c zsuw: couc:
uuyuu.c ncc:uucs.cuuz ucx:usuwx cuucs, sn.c:. c \lll c1cu lll{o. l uc:ucc:u,
uuuuuz s ccu:zoc 11 cu luc:yxuz OO ll nc cuuuuuu uoc:w Occowx c:c.cs
u:uu .ucu.u. `1 1:cucxuc cccoc:c.w cc cscux uuu..uuxcs ncuuzu:cz sc sccx
c:ucucuuzx Occoc:c.y ll. 2 l cncu:usucu uoc:c u:cucxuc cccoc:c.w ncuuzu:cz
:uxxc qcu:csw: cccow: c:c.u:. lcssccuccsc:u: u:uu u:cccoc:c.w ncuuzu:cz
s cncu:usucu uoc:c csccu s :c: xc nczxc, xux u qcu:cccoc:c.w`
.
l xcc xu:nuuuu nc sccc:uucs.cuuu uucuxuu ll uu Occow:u c:c.u:u scc.:u
zxc nczsu.uc. c.. c.cscxu, sncc.cc:suu cxuusucccz cucu u cu:wx nu:cu:c..
uwx quy s yxcscc:sc ccsc:cxux cuucs ccoccnucucc:u. lwsuuu ynus.zuuu c.u:u
lwcucu sccuucu uucncxuu I. I. cu uuz. ncc: uuu..uuxu \nus.cuuz c.u:u \OO u
csccu aucuucc:. u cuuucsuuucc:.u s xu:uuuuu ccx cc.u. oyxsu..uc ucsc:cxucc.
Ou cy:c. nusu:. s cu:u..uc: unnuu:c, u u:c: u s :cc:uwx cuuux sccuucu xcu:u
scxu ucswu c:u.. uoc:w, u x cxuou 11 cu ccs:cc:uc c u:cc:u:c.c: ncccu:c.z
Occocc c:c.u ll l. l. lus.yucscxu: uuoc:u. cc ucsyu cuuuuucuuyu c:yx:yy,
u:csuyu oc.cc xuux:cuwu .z ll su.
= Ouuuuucuucc c:c.cuuc,
= 1:uuuc:u:usucc c:c.cuuc,
= luqc:uucuucc c:c.cuuc,
= Ccxc:uwu c:c..
= luqc:uucuucc c:c.cuuc,
= Oncu:usuuz uc:.,
= 1cu:yucc c:c.cuuc,
= C.cc:scuucc c:c.cuuc,
= lcuc:uucuucc c:c.cuuc.
lcucc a:u c:yx:yu ow.u uccxc..xc cxccx:ucsuuu. luqc:uucuucc c:c.cuuc
nc.yu.c c:u:yc cu:cc:cz:c..ucc c:c.u, u cncu:usuwx cccocync.uc:ccuuwx cuuucsu
.u s c:c..uyu ynny. 1:uuuc:u:usucc c:c.cuuc c:uucsu.cc. :c 1:uuuc:u:usucuu
cncx:ccxu:, :c 1:uuuc:u:usuccuuuuucuuw: c:c.c:, sc .usc xc:ccc occc:cuuc
c:cz. cu, cucsc:cuuc zs.zsuuucz ynus.zuu: c.u:u. .z yc:u uuxcn.cuucc uu
JJ Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T
:cc:ux cnw:u u co.ccuuz cu:u.uuuu yxcscc:su cu swuoc:u. ucu ncsccuuz scc
cccuucxux c1ccs Occowx c:c.cs qcu:cs u u:uu, ncswu u xc:cwx ncuc. s ^ccxsc
c 22 nc 2 cxuoz 11 cu. lc c.cu:w oyxsu..uc s cuu c.cc cx.uucsu.u uccoxcu
:cc:. cc.uo.cuuz usucu:cc:u c: sccuucc scc:c:su u yxcn.cuuz cszcu c ll, :c u ow.c
c ycs.c:sccuuc: sccnuuz:c lus.yucscxu: u ccu. l:cu c1cu cxuu.uc. cc:u:cuc
cycc:scuuw:u u s cuuuuucuucu co.uc:u qux:uccxu scsu:u.u cuc:c:y OO x oc.cc
uuuc:y ncucy cc cycc:scsuuuz, xcu cuu, oc cc:ucuuz, zs.z.uc. nc.ucc:.u cxuc:
cxcu. lw.u uquxcucsuuu sc:uxu.. ncuucuucc:u :cc:uwx Occowx c:c.cs, c:c.cuuu
u nyux:cs Occoc:y c:c.y ll. l:y xc ncuuz.uc. OO yocucxux l. lccuuwc nux:u
ccxu .uuu.uc. c :yc: usccsuuucc u:u nusu nuuu:u:. xucswc cucuuz nc yxc
scu:c.z: qcu:cswx u u:cucxux l u :c.u :cnc. s xuuuc: c.yuc c:xuwsu:. ll s
cc.uccsuuuu ux xuuuu:y, uc uc uuuuu.u u uc ysc..uz.u ux. Ouuxc cucuuz c1cu uc
:c.u u:c:. uuuccxcu cu.w, u swucc:czuc cuuw u:c.u nusc c::cuu:. ux s .uocu
:c:cu:. lux uu c:uuuc, uu uuxc:sccu, uu llCl uc ccscuu.u uxc :u.cuucu ncnw:xu
ccncu:. nuuz:wc cxy:cu:w, u lus.yucscxuu zusuz 120 cu c:c yocu:. Oouc
|l lll{o .cu.ucsu:. ux ccc:sc:c:syuu: ncc:uucs.cuuc:. Iuu.cz ucswu ncuc uc
:cuu ccsc:cxcu sccuucu xcu:uscxu. \cu.cuuc ncuuu Occocc c:c.u ucccou:c..uc
sc:c:u.u ucxc:cwc cc:yuuxu lcuuy:u ll, s cccocuucc:u u:cc:u:c.. ncccu:c.z
ll lccucqcu:cs u 1uuc. l: nc:uscc:cz.u cccouc:w sc .usc c uuuucuuw: u:cc:u
:c.c: ncccu:c.z OO ll ^cuxuucxu: u ccu. l ncccc s:cuu.cz uuxcusuuucz s
uuuwu ncuc uu \xuuuc cxuucxuu, swuyxcuuwu nuuz:. z aucuuwx :c .z
ncc:sucuuz uucsusucc ucxc.u cncc.yxow u swxcu u ucc sccu cuc:c:w Occowx
c:c.cs. Ou .uxsuucsu. lcuuy: ll, ssc. ^cuxuucxcc s lc..cuu ll u ncc:usu.
cc sc .usc OO, nccu:cucsus nu a:c: u ncccu:c.z s uuu..uuxu. Ouuxc a:u suc
uuzz c:ccuu c.u uc nc.ucc:.u co1zcuzc: ncucucuuc u:cucuuz. Cyz nc scc:y, y
cxuucxcc uc ow.c uucc ny:u, xux :c..xc uccxc..xc y:uc:scu:. ccnuu:uc:cs u
Occowx c:c.cs, ncysc:scsusuux cscu cu.y u uuu:cc:.. lcccu:c.u ll nuu.cc.
cuu:. u.c::y. .uoc yc:ynu:., .uoc u:u uu xcuqcu:uuu ny:c: sc.cscc cucuuz nc.
ucc:.u .uxsuucsu:. cuc:c:y OO. Ou ncncc. ncswu ny:., uc :y: xc nuuz. z
:c .z y:cu.ucuuz cu:ccc:u:cucc:u cccouc:cs. .z uuu.u u sccuuz OO u1z.u scu
uxccuuyu uscwsu:c..uyu uoc:y c cucsc:cuuw: ynuucuuc: 20 cxuoz 120
cu lucc:uuucc c:c.cuuz Occocc c:c.u ll. l cx:zoc 121 cu OO y:u:u. nusc
ccycc:s.z:. sccuuyu cuyy. lw.u cycc:scuuc ycuuw u nc.uc:cuz Occocc c:c.u
s oc.oc c nc.u:uccxu: ouuu:u:c:. lu:cu a:cc uu ucc cc uucc ow.u sc.cxcuw
uuu nc cxuuc ccyuc:scuucu uuuw u ycu.cuw cc sccuuwc xcu:uscwsu:c..uwc
qyuxuu, u :uxxc coucsuuw cncuu..uwc c:c.cuuz nc sccuuu xcu:uscwsu:c..ucu
uoc:w nc uunus.cuuz:. Oxcuuuuc Iuxuucxcu scuuw u uccucscuuc sucuuux qcu:cs
nusc.c x nuuunuu..uc:y u:cucuuu c:yx:yw lll1. 1:uu ucqc:ucswsu.uc., u
suuu cscuusu.uc. s ouuw, u yxcscc:sc scucxu:u nccu.c x cxyxuw: ynus.cuuz:.
Icsuz cu:yuuz succ.u cycc:scuuwc u:cucuuz s cncu:usuyu coc:uucsxy u nc:cocsu.u
y:cucuuz c.cu u :c:ccs uoc:w cuc:c:w Occowx c:c.cs. l a:c: ncuc scuux.u ucz
ncuuu:. yocucxuc OO cxyxuw: unnuu:u:, cuuxc cuu ow.u c:scuy:u xux ucxcuc
:yx:usuuz. l cy..:u:c nccuc.cuuwx u:uuuc:u:usuccuuuuucuuwx :ccnuz:uu
cuc:c:u Occowx c:c.cs cxcuu:c..uc uuz.u cscc :cc:c suy:u ll.
C a:cc xc sc:cuu uuu.cz ncccc uuuucuuz qyuxuu cu:u..ucc unnuu:u
xcu:uscxu u cc :cc:uwx cuucs, u :uxxc u:cxcsuuuz nc axcuc:uccxcu, :uucnc
:ucu u uuw: .uuuz:. C yxcu :cxu cuuz uu:ccccs ccxc:ucu c.yxow :uxcu ncxc
zs.z.cz uy:uw: u c.ccccouuw:, uc s xcucuc: u:cc cu nusc. x ncuuxucscuuu l
u cc ncc:uuxcs sc scc :wc.u:wc cqcw xuuu cocc:su. Icuc:c sc:cuu:cz ccyuc:su,
c x xc:nc:cuuu xcu:uscxu c:uccu:cz, uunu:c, uuc u swnc.ucuuc: ncnu
z:uz:u ncuscc:scuuwx n.uucs, cuuxc s CCCl s :ccuuc c.ux ccz:u.c:uu a:c ow.c
ncu..ucu cu..ucc:.u. ll nuu.cc. uuu:u:.cz, x nu:cy, oc.ocu c xucuuz:u y.z u
nc:uscncxuuw:u :ccnuz:uz:u uu ncuscc:sc u s ow:y, u 2 unc.z 121 cu Ccs
uuxc: \CCl nuuz. ncc:uucs.cuuc `O ccuuuu nu l\l cswuuucu sccyxuuucxcu
:cuxu nc oc.oc c ucuxcuuw: ucnc..csuuuc: :uucnc:u u uuyucuuz:u nusu. nc
cu`. cxuc:w uuu:u.uc. scnccu:u ucxcx swn.u:w uuoc:ucu n.u:w uu c:c..uwx
ncnuz:uzx, coscuusuuuz xcc:.zu nu cuc cuxuucu cscx.w, cuuu:uucc ccc:czuuz
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T J2
c:c.cswx u nyux:cs nu:uuuz u nccouw:u nco.c:u:u, ncc:czuuc yszwsuz ux c sc:cx
uw:u xcu:csc.uucuuw:u nczs.cuuz:u. lc 21 cx:zoz 11 cu ncc:uucs.cuuc:
Ccsuuxc:u nu ll ow.u ccuuu Occouz :cxscc:c:scuuuz xc:uccuz {O^l .z uy
cuuz u swuoc:xu :c oc.ow c uc:cuuxu:u cncxy.zuu u cszuuuw:u c ucu c.xucc:
uw:u ncc:yn.cuuz:u, u 21 zusuz 121 cu cu ow. nuuu xcuc:uccxuu c:c. {lO
ll, u:c: c:usuuu ynus.cuuc: {l\. lcucc cc c:u:yc ow. ncuuxcu c xcuc:ucc
xcu uc:u {l, uc nc:c: ssuy xuuucu suxucc:u swnc.uzc:wx ncuc.cuuc: uu
sucs. ncswucu c ynus.cuuz. \xc s ncswc cw cycc:scsuuuz l\ cuc xcu:c.ucsu.c
c co1cx:cs uucucc xczuc:su CCCl. lc:u:c uu oc.ow c axcuc:uccxcu nc
c:ynucc:.u, s unc.c 121 cu yxcscc:sc ll ncnw:u.cc. ucnc..csu:. lO .z c.cu
cncu:usucc coccnccuuz sccoucs.zsuuxcz sucuuc:ccswx cncuuu lC4Cl u .z a:cu
c.u coucsu.c s cc ccc:usc xc::cccxcnc:wu.cuuyu uscxy, ncucc nccuuuyu s
lucc:uuuwu c:c.. lcccnccu cycc:scuuwu sx.u axcuc:uccxcu xcu:uscxu s :uxuc
suxuwc cqcw, xux oc.ou c qu..uusc:cuc:uucc:sc: u xcu:uouucu, ucuxcuuw: cocc
:c: su.u:uwx cuucc:cu u uu:u axcuc:uccxux uu:ccccs c:uuw sc suu:cc:ucucuuzx
c uucc:uuuw:u nu:ucu:u, s :c: uc.c nu cuc co1cx:cs s xcucccuu.
lususu.uc. u yuc ncuc.cuuz cswuuucu xc:uccuu. l qcsu.c 11 cu s
cc ccc:usc nczsu.cz Ccxc:uwu c:c. {CO, x qyuxuz: xc:ccc ow.u c:ucccuu oc.ou c
uu:uccsc:cxu:u nu:uz:u, nc.u:uccxu:u ynnu:u u cuuuuuz:u. lcuscc:sc cowc
xcs, ucc:cs u sccuuc uuyxucc uuo.ucuuz sxcu.c s xc:nc:cuuu ccuuucc s cxuoc
11 cu Oncu:usucc c:c.u {Onccu. lcu:uscxu xux :uxcsuz c:uc:u uc:scu.uc.
s :uuucu nc.uuu. lcc:cncuuc uuu.u coccco.z:.cz c.yxou uuyxucu uscxu. c csc.u
uu suy:cuuzz ucu:yu u uuyxucc uuo.ucuuc zs.z.uc. sy:z uuuoc.cc ncuuc:w:u
oc..ucsuxu:u a.c:cu:u:u ccxc:ucu c.yxow, uc scxcc ncc.c nuxcu x s.uc:u cuu yoc
u.uc., :c oc uux uuxuxuz cncu:usuuz uoc:u ucsc:cxuu s nuuunc. lcscuuu..uc
.uowc scocsxu ccxc:uwx cc:yuuxcs c.xuw ow.u y:scxu:.cz lc..cucu ll u nc
scu.uc. .uuc ncccu:c.c: u.u .cuu:u lcuuy:u ll. \xc 1 qcsu.z 11 cu
ow.c nuuz:c cucuuc c nccxcc uu ucu:yuwc :c:cw oc.ow cc cncxy.zucu, u 2 {nc
yu: uuuw:, 2 unc.z ncc.ccsu.c yxuuuuc co ucnc..csuuuu ucu:yucc unnuu:u
nc scc: .uuuz: uoc:w. :c u:cucsu.cc. suy:cuucu uscxcu, :c cc:. nucoc:cuuc:
ccxc:uwx cc:yuuxcs u ccw yuc:uuxcs xcu:csc.uucuuwx cuuuuuu u.u u uc
.u ucc:csuuuwx. lux suu:, c. ncxu u.u :c..xc c scocsxc uc:cuuxcs s ucu:usucu
ccc, uc uc co ux:usuc: succuuu s ucc uc.ucucu ucu:yw.
1uu.cuuuz cu:yuuz c.cxu.uc. u c uuyxuw: uuo.ucuuc:, u:cucsusuu:cz :uxxc
uuyxucu uscxcu. lcscuuu..uc cc sc.u uc cncuu..uc coycuuwc ncqcccucuu.w, u
cncu:usuwc cc:yuuxu, xc:cwc s usucu:cc:u c: uccoxcu:cc:u :uxxc ncscu.u cnc
u:usuwc yc:uucsxu, cowcxu, ucc:w, c.cc:suc. 3uuc:yu cuu uxc nuscu.u s ucnc.ucuuc
c:c:uwc nucscw, xc:z cowuc a:u qyuxuz sc.uu.uc. uu xc:cuuu:cxyu c.yxoy l.
l 11 cy 1z lcccccuucxuz xcuqccuuz cswuuuwx xc:uccuu cxc:cucsu.u ccu:.
:ux uuwsuc:wc `luc uscxu`, ncuuuucuuwc .z ucu:yucu uuoc:xu .usuw: co
uc: nc.u:uccxux nc:usuuxcs u `sucuucu uscxu, uuu:uucucz uuyxuw: uuo.u
cuuc: u co1cx:u:u uuoc:xu`
.
lc:cc:scuuc, ucy.zuwc qc:ucsuuuz uc ow.u s ccc:czuuu cuu:. scc nco.c:w
coccnccuuz suy:cuucu occnucucc:u c:uuw, u c 1 uuuz 11 cu scnc:cu:c..uwc scu
cxu cccocc uuuucuuz, ccc:czsuuc s ucnczxcuuu Iuxc:ncu, I.usscu, I.usucq:u,
Hu.m8 J. Om 6uu6 muj. 111T JA
|cu:c:cxc:u.z u yux scc:c:s, u ucx.ucuuc: scucx xc.cucccxucu u ncuuuucu
cxuuw, nccu.u s ncuucuuc Iuxc:u:u suy:cuuux c. cc u:uo scucx ll, cucsc
:cuuc nccu:cucsuuuwu s u:uo scucx suy:cuucu cxuuw {lO7l. Iuu..uux scucx suy:
cuucu cxuuw uuuuu.cz nc cc.uucuuu llCl u ll u y:scxu.cz Ccsuuxc:c:, u syx
cc nc:cuuxcs c.cucsu.u uuxc:u:w nccsc..c:suz u ny:cu cccocuuz. lc.cxcuuc
c scucxux lO7l c: 21 unc.z 120 cu .ucu.c.
`C:. 1. lcucxu suy:cuucu cxuuw ncuuuuuu:cz .z cxuuw cycc:syucc csc
.uucuucc c:cz lC4Cl u .z scc:cucc ccyuc:uz ccscuuuc:ycz nccccy ccuu.uc
:uccxcc c:cu:c..c:su xczuc:scuucu xuuu c:uuw.
C:. 2. Ocucsuw:u uuu:u scucx suy:cuucu cxuuw zs.zu:cz. u sccyxcuuuz oc.
ou c xcu:csc.uucu sc sccx cc suux suy:u c:uuw, o cxuuu :uucnc:u u :uucnc:u
csuuuz, s cxuuu ncuscc:su c:uuw, cxuuu :u:cxcuuwx uuu`
.
Icsuz cuuuuuz suy:cuuux scucx nccycc:scsu.u ucc.c. \xc 1 ccu:zoz Ccsc:
Jyu u Ooccuw lC4Cl nuuz. ncc:uucs.cuuc c c.uzuuu c scucxu:u lO7l uu qcu:ux
u s :w.cswx cxyux sccx cc:u..uwx scucx, ncuuuucuuwx .z cxuuw, nccxuuuz
nczxu u coccnccuuz swnc.ucuuz ucnczxcuuu nusu:c..c:su, :c cc:. xuuy..uwx, xc
.cucccxucu coccuw, xc.cucccxucu :u.uuu, :u.uuu u ncux uuu.cuuwx qc
:ucsuuuu. Iu ux ouc coucswsu.uc. scucxu suy:cuucu c.yxow {lI\C c usuucuucu,
ouuucu u nc.xcscu c:yx:ycu. lu a:c: scucxu suy:cuucu c.yxow, coc.yxusuuuc
ll u :cc:uwc l, cycc:scsu.u nc cccow: u:u:u: u c:cu.u cscu cz:c..ucc:. uu nu
uunux, swuou:wsuc:wx xc..cucu ll. Occowu c:u:yc ncc.cuux nczsu.cz yxc 1 zusu
z c.cyucc cu, xcu scc scucxu lI\C, u ucx.ucuuc: xc.cucccxucu u scucu
:u.uuu, ow.u nccuuw s sccuucc scc:c:sc. uc:u u c:zw owsuux scucx suy:cuucu
c.yxow, cuc:scsusuuc nc uuuuu l, u :uxxc c:zw Occowx c:c.cs ll u scucxu nc
cxuuc uuu s:cc:c c ux u:uou:u nccusu.uc. s sccuuc ll c ucx.ucuuc: u cnucxcs
lll1. l cy..:u:c ncsccuucu ccuuuuuu sucs. nczsu.uc. scucxu ll c ncuucuucu
u: xc.cucccxucu u scucu :u.uucu, ccxuuusuuc ouuuyu u usuucuuyu qc:y
cuuuuuu. lc:uuyuu: scucxu:u ll lC4Cl ow. uuuucu owsuuu xc:uuyuuu
scucxu:u lI\C l. C. lcucs.
Ouuw ccoccnucucc:u lC4Cl ncc:czuuc ucuuz.u cscu axcnuucuu. C .c:u 11
cu Occowu c:c. ll c:scu. u cncu:usuccxuc:cxyu cxuuy uuuw, .z cc s cc
ccc:us ow.u nccuuw ncuuuuwc l, uusuuuwc ncc.c a:cc nyux:u:u Occocc c:c.u.
luuz:cc 24 uczoz 120 cu ncc:uucs.cuuc Ccsc:u :yu u coccuw sc.cxu.c uu ucc
c:sc:c:scuucc:. u cxuuy ccyuc:scuucu uuuw scucxcsw:u :c:cu:u u nccu.c s cc
cncu:usucc ncuucuuc scc scucxu, uuz:wc ucccuuc: ncuuuucu c.yxow. ^cucc c: c
c su :cczu ncc.c a:cc cxuuu uuuw nc.ucc:.u nccu.u s sccuuc scucx ll. u.cc
oyc: cnucuuu ucyusuuzcz ncnw:xu cxuucxcc c::cuy:. c: u:uu ucu:yuyu sccu
uyu uscxy. Ic u oc a:cc cswuuuwc xc:uccuu yxc x uuu.y 120x ccs uxsu:u.u
:ucxcc:sc x.ucswx ncuuu u uc ccouu.uc. cc:uuus.usu:.cz uu cc:uuy:c:.
lusu:uc cuucs occnucucc:u yux scucuux s ccc:us CCCl ccnyo.ux, u ucx.u
cuuc: \xuuuw, ncucxcu.c uuu.cuuw: couc:. Iu :cu:cuu oyycu lc.cyccuu
suuu.c cuc:scsu.u ^uucxuz yocucxuz l, scxcc nccoucsuuuuz s lc.cyccxyu l, u
ncc.c coucsuuuz 1u:cscxclc.cyccxcu ccnyo.uxu c:usuuz cswuuucu xc:uccucu nc
oc.oc c xcu:csc.uucu u ncc:yn.cuuz:u nc c.xucc:u 1u:sw u lc.cyccuu. l cc coz
uuucc:u sxcu.c sccuuc xux uxuucxcu, :ux u sccuucu xcu:uscxu. lcc.cucu nc
scuuu..uc scu.c cccocc c:c.cuuc ccxc:uccncu:usucu uc:u {CO l nc yxcscc
:sc: l. O. luuu. l u..ucuuc: sccuuuz xcu:uscxu c:u.u lccuuw: c:c.cuuc: Occocc
c:c.u ^uucxcc uucuu Iccyuc:scuucc nc.u:uccxcc ynus.cuuz {Il\ lc.cyccuu.
l uuu:cxcu uc:u owsucu lcccuucxcu u:ncuu cncu:usuuz coc:uucsxu uccxc..xc
c:.uu.uc. c: cscncucxcu. l Jyxcc:uuc ncscuuu..uc cycc:scsu.u sc c.cc:scuuwc
xc:uccuu. nc oc.oc c xcu:csc.uucu u nc oc.oc c :uccc:sc: u cncxy.zucu. O
uuxc :uxcu yu.u: nc.u.cz ucc.c, u ccu:zoz 11 cu cuu ow.u c.u:w s cuuyu
cswuuuyu c.cc:scuuyu xc:uccuu {Cl nc oc.oc c xcu:csc.uucu, cncxy.zucu
u :uccc:sc:. uuuz c.cyucc cu ncucu.u cccuuz ccuuuuuz, c.cc:suc:
xc:ccu c:u.c ccuuuc Jyxcc:uucxcu cswuuucu xc:uccuu {Jyl. l cc ccc:usc yxc
cc :u uz nczsu.uc. lucccuuu, Iuuccxuu u 7czuc:scuuwu c:c.w. Ouuxc