4

Fits and Tolerances

(tolerance)




(shaft) (hole)





ISO (International
Standard Organization)

4.1

4.1.1

(shaft) (hole)

19

20

4.

FITS AND TOLERANCES

4.1:

4.1.2

4.1 (basic size)

(maximum
limit) (maximum material limit, MML)
(minimum limit) (minimum material
limit, LML) (MML)
(LML)
(deviation) (actual size) (basic
size) ()

(upper deviation)
(lower deviation)

(fundamental deviation)

4.1.3

(tolerance)

()

4.2

(t)

(clearance t), (transition t), (interference t)

4.2. (FIT)

21

4.2: clearance t

4.3: transition t

22

4.

FITS AND TOLERANCES

4.4: interference t

4.2.1

clearance t

4.2

(minimum clearance)
(maximum clearance)

,
4.1 4.4

4.2.2

transition t

4.3

(maximum clearance) maximum
interferance

4.2.3

interferance t

4.4
(press) 10-20 minimum interferance
maximum interferance

4.2.4

Allowance

clearance t
(minimum clearance) allowance positive allowance

4.2. (FIT)

23

4.5: Grade of Tolerance [?]

transition interferance t
negative allowance allowance
(maximum material limits, MML)

4.2.5

Grade of Tolerance

ISO (grade of tolerance) 18 tolerance

4.5
1.6 ITO1, ITO, IT1, IT2, up to IT16

grade of tolerance

4.2.6

Bilateral and Unilateral limits

(bilateral) (unilateral)
(maximum and minimum limits)
(basic size)
(maximum and minimum limits)
(basic size)

4.2.7

(Fundamental Deviation of Tolerance)

(fundamental deviation)
(tolerance zone)

 4.

24

FITS AND TOLERANCES

4.6: Usage of fundamental deviation [Boundy]

ISO
()
Holes: A, B, C, CD, D, E, EF, F, FG, G, H, JS, J, K, M, N, P, R, S, T, U, V, X, Y, Z, ZA,
ZB, ZC
Shafts: a, b, c, cd, d, e, ef, f, fg, g, h, js, j, k, m, n, p, r, s, t, u, v, x, y, z, za, zb, zc
(basic size), (fundamental deviation)
(tolerance)
designation
4.6 (clearance t)
(minimum clearance)
c d c11
H11 H11-c11 H11-d11
11
4.7 4.8

4.3

(basic size), (fundamental deviation)

(tolerance) 10mm
H11-h11

(fundamental deviation)



(fundamental
deviation)

4.3.

25

4.7: Fundamental deviation for holes [?]

4.8: Fundamental deviation for shafts [?]

26

4.

FITS AND TOLERANCES

(hole-basis system) (shaft-basis

system)
hole-basis 4.1 4.2
4.3 4.4
shaft-basis
hole-basis system

4.3.1

Coarse Tolerance (H11/c11 or C11/h11)

clearnace t

4.3.2

Loose Running (H9/d10 or D10/h9)

(loose running t)
(idler gears and pulleys)
, turbine

4.3.3

Easy Running (H9/e9 or E9/h9)

(easy running t)
loose running t main
bearings, camshaft bearings, valve rocker shaft

4.3.4

Normal Running (H8/f7 or F8/h7)

4.3.5

Precision Running and Sliding (H7/g6 or G7/h6)

4.3.6

Average Location (H7/h6)

27-28

4.1-4.2: Hole-basis [Boundy]

29-30

4.3-4.4: Shaft-basis [Boundy]

4.3.

4.3.7

31

Light Push Fit (H7/k6 or K7/h6)

transition t

4.3.8

Heavy Push Fit (H7/n6 or N7/h6)

transition t
(clearance)

4.3.9

Press Fit (H7/p6 or P7/h6)

interfererence t (ferrous)

4.3.10

Heavy Press Fit (H7/s6 or S7/h6)

interference t 10

bushes, sleeves, liners, seats.

4.3.11

4.1 4.4

8 mm designation H7-g6 4.1 0 +0.015
+0.015
-0.014 -0.005 8 0
-0.005
8.015
7.995
8 -0.014 8.0 7.986

4.3.12

4.9
(housing)
(4) (capscrew)
6 4.5

(1)



running sliding
average location (H7/h6) light push

32

4.

4.9:

FITS AND TOLERANCES

4.3.

33

t heavy push t, press t, heavy press t heavy push t

push t press
t
, , (
)
heavy push t press t H7/p6
(2) running t
normal running
, ,

(3)
(1) coarse
tolerance 30 0.5 28 0.5

(4)



running t

average location light push t light push t

average location H7/h6
(5) (4)

(0.5-1 mm )
clearance hole
(6)

average location, light push t, heavy push t average location

, heavy press t
light push t

4.3.13

general tolerances
4.6
4.7

34

4.

FITS AND TOLERANCES

4.5: (mm)
Feature
(1) Housing 20
(1) Bush 20
(2) Bush 12
(2) Shaft 12
(3) Housing 28
(3) Bush 28
(4) Cover 60
(4) Housing 60
(5) Cover 8
(5) Screw M8
(6) Gear 16
(6) Shaft 16

Designation
H7
p6
H8
f7
H7
h6
H7
k6

upper limit
20.021
20.035
12.027
11.984
30.5
28.5
60.030
60.000
8.5
16.018
16.012

lower limit
20.000
20.022
12.000
11.966
29.5
27.5
60.000
59.981
9.5
16.000
16.001

4.6: [Boundy]

4.3.

35

4.7: [Boundy]

4.8: [Boundy]

4.8
4.10

Method 1: Limits of size
4.11
Method 2: Bilateral tolerances
4.12
Method 3: Unilateral tolerances
4.13

36

4.

FITS AND TOLERANCES

4.10: [Boundy]

4.11: [Boundy]

4.12: [Boundy]

4.3.

37

4.13: [Boundy]