Willy Sansen 10-05 081

Fully-differential
amplifiers
Willy Sansen
KULeuven, ESAT-MICAS
Leuven, Belgium
willy.sansen@esat.kuleuven.be
Willy Sansen 10-05 082
Table of contents
Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise
Willy Sansen 10-05 083
Single-stage OTA
V
DD
V
SS
M1 M2
M3
M4
+ -
V
DD
V
SS
v
OUT
M1 M2
M3
M4
+ -
- -
+
i
Circ
i
Circ
V
B1
V
B2
V
B1
Willy Sansen 10-05 084
Simple CMOS fully-differential OTA
1
2
3
V
DD
V
SS
v
OUT+
C
L
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
C
L
GBW =
g
m1
2 C
L
Differential pair
No current mirror
v
IN+
v
IN-
v
OUT-
Problem:
keep M1-4 in
saturation:
Control V
OUTCOM
Control I
DS5
V
B1
V
B2
Willy Sansen 10-05 085
Simple CMOS fully-diff. OTA with CMFB - 1
1
2
3
V
DD
V
SS
v
OUT+
C
L
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
C
L
v
IN+
v
IN-
v
OUT-
Control V
OUTCOM
, I
DS5
I
B
V
B
2
4
5
Willy Sansen 10-05 086
Simple CMOS fully-diff. OTA withy CMFB - 2
1
2
3
V
DD
V
SS
v
OUT+
C
L
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
C
L
v
IN+
v
IN-
v
OUT-
Control V
OUTCOM
, I
DS5
2
V
B
4
5
B
2
: 1
Willy Sansen 10-05 087
Common-mode feedback equivalent circuit
1
2
3
V
DD
V
SS
v
OUTCM
C
L
M1,2
M3,4
M5
v
INCM
Control V
OUTCOM
, I
DS5
2
V
B
4
5
M5,6
1 : B
1
B
2
: 1
Willy Sansen 10-05 088
Common-mode feedback CMFB
A
v
ind
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
C
L
v
outd
C
L
A
d
A
c
v
inc
CMFB in unity gain : CMRR = A
vCM
Three tasks : 1. Measure the output voltages
2. Cancel out the differential signals
3. Close the CMFB loop
Willy Sansen 10-05 089
Requirements fully-differential amplifiers
High speed : GBW
CM
> GBW
DM
Matching
Output swing limited by :
Output swing of differential-mode amp
Input range of common-mode amp
Low power P
CM
< P
DM
Willy Sansen 10-05 0810
Load capacitance ?
-
v
IN
C
M
+
G
m
C
S
C
L
C
F
G
m
C
S
C
F
+
-
v
OUT
C
F
C
F
C
S
C
S
+
-
-
+
+
+ -
-
Willy Sansen 10-05 0811
Load capacitance C
IN
v
IN C
M
C
L
C
F
C
S
+
-
v
OUT
C
F
C
S
Willy Sansen 10-05 0812
Load capacitance C
INDM
v
INDM
C
M
C
L
C
F
C
S
+
-
v
OUT
C
F
C
S
C
INDM
= C
M
+
C
F
+ C
L
+ C
S
2
Willy Sansen 10-05 0813
Load capacitance C
INCM
v
INCM C
M
C
L
C
F
C
S
+
-
v
OUT
C
F
C
S
C
INCM
= 2 (C
F
+ C
L
+ C
S
) > C
INDM
Willy Sansen 10-05 0814
GBW
DM
& GBW
CM
GBW
DM
=
g
m
2 2C
L
v
OUT-
C
L
+
-
I
B
v
v
v
OUT+
R R
v
OUT-
2C
L
+
-
I
B
v
v
v
OUT+
R R
2C
L
C
LCM
= 0
C
LCM
= 4 C
L
GBW
DM
=
g
m
2 2C
L
Willy Sansen 10-05 0815
Table of contents
Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise
Willy Sansen 10-05 0816
CMFB amplifier with linear MOSTs
C
L
+ -
M1
M3
M2
V
DD
V
SS
V
r1
Linear MOSTs:
V
DS3
200 mV
GBW
DM
=
g
m1
2 C
L
C
L
GBW
CM
=
g
m3
2 C
L
is always smaller !
I
DS
= V
DS
(V
GS
-V
T
)
g
m3
= V
DS3
Willy Sansen 10-05 0817
Fully-differential amp. with linear MOSTs
C
L
+
-
B : 2 : B
M1
M2
M3
M4
M6
M5
V
DD
V
SS
1 : B B : 1
V
bias
Linear MOSTs:
V
DS5
200 mV
Cancel diff. signals
GBW
DM
= B
g
m1
2 C
L
C
L
GBW
CM
=
g
m5
2 C
L
is always smaller !
even with M5 in wi !
M5 M7
Willy Sansen 10-05 0818
Fully-differential amp. with linear MOSTs
Ref. Choi, JSSC, Dec.83, 652-653
Linear MOSTs:
V
DS3
200 mV
Willy Sansen 10-05 0819
Total amplifier schematic
E.Peeters etal, CICC 1997
Willy Sansen 10-05 0820
Fully-differential OTA with FF
850 MHz
1.2 m CMOS
F. Opt Eynde, Kluwer Ac. 1993
Willy Sansen 10-05 0821
Transconductor with C
DG
compen.
V
DS1
= R
D
I
D
0.2 V
I
DS1
=
1
V
DS1
(V
GS1
-V
T
)
g
m1
=
1
V
DS1
is constant
Ref. Alini, JSSC, Dec.92, pp.1905-1915
Willy Sansen 10-05 0822
Table of contents
Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise
Willy Sansen 10-05 0823
Fully-differential amplifier with resistive CMFB
M2
v
in1
v
in2
v
o1
v
o2
M1 M1
I
B
R R
A
v
= g
m1
(R // r
o
)
r
o
= r
o1
//r
o2
Linear resistors R
To cancel
differential signals
Willy Sansen 10-05 0824
Fully-diff. amp. with source followers: Diff. mode
Ref. Banu, JSSC, Dec.88, 1410-1414
GBW
DM
=
g
m1
2 C
L
C
L
= 4 pF
Willy Sansen 10-05 0825
Fully-diff. amp. with source followers: CM
Ref. Banu, JSSC, Dec.88, 1410-1414
GBW
CM
=
g
m6
4 C
L
f
ndCM
=
4
2R
a
(C
GS6
+C
a
)
R
a
C
a
1
2R
a
C
a
f
z
=
Willy Sansen 10-05 0826
Table of contents
Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise
Willy Sansen 10-05 0827
Fully-diff amp. with error amplifier: Diff. mode
Ref. Ribner, CICC 85; Haspeslagh, CICC 88
GBW
DM
=
g
m1
2 C
c
Willy Sansen 10-05 0828
Fully-diff amp. with error amp. : Common mode
Ref. Ribner, CICC 85; Haspeslagh, CICC 88
GBW
CM
=
g
m58
4 C
c
Nonlinear !
Willy Sansen 10-05 0829
Class AB fully-differential amplifier
Ref. Lee, JSSC
Dec.85, 1103-1113
Willy Sansen 10-05 0830
Comparison
Criterion Linear Error amp Error amp.
MOST Source foll. Quad amp.
GBW
CM
/GBW
DM
< 0.1 > 1 > 1
Required tol. < 1 % < 6 % < 6 %
Diff.output swing 0.8 V
DDSS
0.4 V
DDSS
0.4 V
DDSS
Is limited by cascodes source foll. cm input
Power dissipation 1 amp 3 amps 2 amps
Willy Sansen 10-05 0831
Table of contents
Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise
Willy Sansen 10-05 0832
Fully-differential amplifier with gain boosting
Willy Sansen 10-05 0833
Low-voltage (1.1 V) DIDO
Gata, JSSC Dec.02
1670-1678
Willy Sansen 10-05 0834
Linear CM amplifier
Ref. Hernandez, JSSC
Aug.05, 1610-1617
V
outCM
= VDC + V
GS7
Willy Sansen 10-05 0835
Fully-diff.amp. with separate linear trans.CMFB
24 MHz/ 3 pF 3 V/ 5 mA I
DS1
= 0.25 mA Comp 4 k/ 2 pF > 20 MHz
Linear MOSTs
A
v
= 0.3
Ref. Pasch, AICSP, 2000
Willy Sansen 10-05 0836
CMFB over 2 or more amplifiers
-
v
IN
C
M
+
C
L1
v
OUT1
+
-
-
+
+
-
-
+
C
M
v
OUT2
C
L1
C
L2
C
L2
Efficient use of 2nd amplifier !
Ref. Mohieldin, JSSC April 2003, 663-668
v
CM
Willy Sansen 10-05 0837
CMFB over 2 pseudo-differential amps
C
L
+
-
B : 1
M1
M2
C
L
-
M3
M5
1 : B
v
CM
+
v
CM
M4
M6
M7
Willy Sansen 10-05 0838
Fully-differential amplifier with SC CMFB
Willy Sansen 10-05 0839
Fully-differential amp. with SC CMFB : 1
Switches

1H
closed
gives CMFB
and
precharge C
Willy Sansen 10-05 0840
Fully-differential amp. with SC CMFB : 2
Switches

2H
closed
gives CMFB
and
precharge C
Willy Sansen 10-05 0841
Table of contents
Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise
Willy Sansen 10-05 0842
Fully-differental folded cascode with source foll.
I
B1
I
B2
V
r2
V
r1
V
r1
C
L
C
L
R
a
R
a
+
-
+ -
1 : 1 1
M1
M2
M3
M4
M6
M5
M7
M4
3
1
2
4
V
DD
V
SS
M4
M3
M5
M6
2
1
5 5
Willy Sansen 10-05 0843
Fully-diff. amp. : Specifications
Techn: CMOS L
min
= 0.8 m ; V
T
= 0.7 V
K'
n
= 60 A/V
2
& K'
p
= 30 A/V
2
V
En
= 4 V/m & V
Ep
= 6 V/m
Specs: GBW
DM
= 10 MHz C
L
= 3 pF
GBW
CM
= 20 MHz
all PM > 70
o
V
DD
/V
SS
= 1.5 V
Maximum V
swingptp
= V
outmax
- V
outmin
Minimum I
tot
Verify: Slew Rate, Noise, ...
Willy Sansen 10-05 0844
Fully-diff. folded cascode in BICMOS
I
B1
I
B2
V
r2
V
r1
V
r1
C
L
C
L
R
a
R
a
+
-
+ -
1 : 1 1
M1
M2
M3
M4
M6
M5
M7
M4
3
1
2
4
V
DD
V
SS
M4
M3
M5
M6
2
1
5 5
Willy Sansen 10-05 0845
Fully-diff. amp. : Specifications
Techn: BICMOS L
min
= 0.8 m ; V
T
= 0.7 V
K'
n
= 60 A/V
2
& K'
p
= 30 A/V
2
V
En
= 4 V/m & V
Ep
= 6 V/m
f
Tn
= 12 GHz & f
Tp
= 4 GHz
Specs: GBW
DM
= 10 MHz C
L
= 3 pF
GBW
CM
= 20 MHz
all PM > 70
o
V
DD
/V
SS
= 1.5 V
Maximum V
swingptp
= V
outmax
- V
outmin
Minimum I
tot
Verify: Slew Rate, Noise, ...
Willy Sansen 10-05 0846
Table of contents
Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise