Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1
March 16, 2008 CHEM: Ch. 9. Review: Questions 1-39 (odd) Jonathan Sterling
a. If 4.00 :* 89 are available to react, how many moles of are needed?
The balanced equation is 89 3* 289 3 *.
1000 * 89 1.00 +,- 89 3.00 +,-
4.00 :* 89 5 5 5 6 75.1 +,-
1.00 :* 89 159.863 * 89 1.00 +,- 89
b. How many moles of each product are formed?
1000 * 89 1.00 +,- 89 2.00 +,- 89
4.00 :* 89 5 5 5 6 50.0 +,-
1.00 :* 89 159.863 * 89 1.00 +,- 89
1000 * 89 1.00 +,- 89 3.00 +,-
4.00 :* 89 5 5 5 6 75.1 +,-
1.00 :* 89 159.863 * 89 1.00 +,- 89
17. Nitrogen combines with oxygen in the atmosphere during lightning flashes to form nitrogen
monoxide, , which then reacts further with to produce nitrogen dioxide, .
a. What mass of is formed when reacts with 384 * ?
The balanced equation is: 2 2
1.00 +,- 2.00 +,- 46.005 *
384 * 5 5 5 6 1.10 5 10 *
31.998 * 1.00 +,- 1.00 +,-
b. How many grams of are required to react with this amount of ?
1.00 +,- 2.00 +,- 30.006 *
384 * 5 5 5 6 720 *
31.998 * 1.00 +,- 1.00 +,-
19. The metathesis reaction between silver nitrate and sodium bromide produces silver bromide, a
component of photographic film.
a. If 4.50 +,- ;* react, what mass of sodium bromide is required?
The balanced equation is: ;* <= ;*<=
1.00 +,- <= 102.894 * <=
4.50 +,- ;* 5 5 6 463 * <=
1.00 +,- ;* 1.00 +,- <=
b. What mass of silver bromide is formed?
1.00 +,- ;*<= 187.77 * ;*<=
4.50 +,- ;* 5 5 6 845 * ;*<=
1.00 +,- ;* 1.00 +,- ;*<=
21. Aspirin, > ? @, is produced through the following reaction of salicylic acid, A 3 , and acetic
anhydride, @ 3 : A 3 @ 3 - > ? @ -.
a. What mass of aspirin (in kg) could be produced from 75.0 +,- A 3 ?
1.00 +,- > ? @ 180.158 * > ? @ 1.000 :* > ? @
75.0 +,- A 3 5 5 5 6 13.5 :* > ? @
1.00 +,- A 3 1.00 +,- > ? @ 1000. * > ? @
b. What mass of acetic anhydride (in kg) would be required?
1.00 +,- @ 3 102.088 * @ 3 1.000 :* @ 3
75.0 +,- A 3 5 5 5 6 7.66 :* @ 3
1.00 +,- A 3 1.00 +,- @ 3 1000. * @ 3
c. At 20°C, how many litres of acetic acid would be formed? The density of acetic acid is
*
1.05 .+B.
1.00 +,- 60.052 * 1.00 +B 1.000 B
75.0 +,- @ 3 5 5 5 5 6 4.29 B
1.00 +,- @ 3 1.00 +,- 1.05 * 1000. +B
23. For each reaction specified in Problem 22, determine the amount in moles of excess reactant that
remains.
a. - - (2.0 +,- -, 2.5 +,- )
1.0 +,-
2.5 +,- C D2.0 +,- - 5 E F 0.50 +,-
1.0 +,- -
b. GH 2- GH- (2.5 +,- GH, 6.0 +,- -)
2
March 16, 2008 CHEM: Ch. 9. Review: Questions 1-39 (odd) Jonathan Sterling
3
March 16, 2008 CHEM: Ch. 9. Review: Questions 1-39 (odd) Jonathan Sterling
D E 100 F 90.0
12.0 *
90.0
F
12.0 * 100
F 12.0 * 5 0.900
F 10.0 *
b. theoretical yield: 8.50 *; percent yield: 70.0%
D E 100 F 70.0
8.50 *
70.0
F
8.50 * 100
F 8.50 * 5 0.700
F 5.95 *
c. theoretical yield: 3.45 *; percent yield: 48.0%
D E 100 F 48.0
3.45 *
48.0
F
3.45 * 100
F 3.45 * 5 0.480
6 1.66 *
31. Magnesium is obtained from sea water. is added to sea water to precipitate L* .
The precipitate is filtered and reacted with - to produce L*- . The L*- is electrolyzed to
produce L* and - . If 185.0 * L* are recovered from 1000. * L*- , what is the percentage
yield for this reaction?
The balanced equation is: L*- L* - . The theoretical yield is the following:
1.000 +,- L*- 1.000 +,- L* 24.305 * L*
1000. * L*- 5 5 5 6 255.3 * L*
95.211 * L*- 1.000 +,- L*- 1.000 +,- L*
Therefore, the percent yield will be:
185.0 * L*
D E 100 6 72.46%
255.3 * L*
33. Coal gasification is a process that converts coal into methane gas. If this reaction has a percent
yield of 85.0%, how much methane can be obtained from 1250 * ?
The balanced equation is 2 2 - @ * *. The theoretical yield is the
following:
1.00 +,- 1.00 +,- @ 16.043 * @
1250 * 5 5 5 6 835 * @
12.011 * 2.00 +,- 1.00 +,- @
Therefore, the actual yield can be found as follows:
D E 100 F 85.0
835 * @
85.0
F
835 * @ 100
F 835 * @ 5 0.850
6 710 * @
N
35. Builders and dentists must store plaster of Paris, I@ M , in airtight containers to prevent
it from absorbing water vapour from the air and changing to gypsum, I@ M 2 . How many
litres of water evolve when 5.00 B I@ M 2 are heated at 110°C to produce plaster of Paris?
4
March 16, 2008 CHEM: Ch. 9. Review: Questions 1-39 (odd) Jonathan Sterling
*
At 110°C, the density of I@ M 2 is 2.32 .+B, and the density of water vapour is
*
0.581 .+B.
The balanced equation is: 2I@ M 3 2I@ M 4 .
1000. +B I@ M 2 2.32 * I@ M 2 1.00 +,- I@ M 2
5.00 B I@ M 2 5 5 5
1.00 B I@ M 2 1.00 +B I@ M 2 172.205 * I@ M 2
3.00 +,- 18.015 * 1.00 +B 1.000 B
5 5 5 5 6 3.13 B
2.00 +,- I@ M 2 1.00 +,- 0.581 * 1000. +B
37. The chemical equation is a good source of information concerning a reaction. Explain the
relationship that exists between the actual yield of a reaction produce and the chemical equation
of the produce.
As the experiment becomes more and more accurate, the division of the actual yield by the theoretical
yield (given by the coefficients in the chemical equation) approaches 1. I am not sure if this was the
answer that was looked for, though.
39. In the lab, you run an experiment that appears to have a percent yield of 115%. Propose reasons
for this result. Can an actual yield ever exceed a theoretical yield?
The only reason for a result like that, that I can think of, is that the resulting substance contains
something other than the target, thereby skewing the results. The reason percent yields are always less
than 100% is that in experiments, it is almost impossible not to lose any of the substance at all, I
think, and that there is always a degree of human error. As far as I know, an actual yield should never
exceed its theoretical yield.