Philippine Laws on Youthful Offenders prior to R.A. 9344, as amended, were limited. Continued violations of child rights were easily observed at the time of arrest and incarceration of a CICL.
Исходное описание:
Оригинальное название
Salient Features of the Juvenile Justice Welfare Act
Philippine Laws on Youthful Offenders prior to R.A. 9344, as amended, were limited. Continued violations of child rights were easily observed at the time of arrest and incarceration of a CICL.
Philippine Laws on Youthful Offenders prior to R.A. 9344, as amended, were limited. Continued violations of child rights were easily observed at the time of arrest and incarceration of a CICL.
Welfare Act (R.A. 9344 as amended by R.A. 10630) By: Debbie G. Dulay-Del Val Public Attorney, Baguio City
OVERVIEW Brief History and Background of the Law Conceptual Framework of the Law Salient Features of R.A. 9344 as amended by R.A. 10630 Role of Barangay Council for Protection of Children (BCPCs) Philippine Laws on Youthful Offenders prior to R.A. 9344, as amended National Laws protecting the Rights of Youthful Offenders were limited.
a)Revised Penal Code
b)P.D. 603
Revised Penal Code It was enacted in 1932 Adult-oriented / Distinct circumstances of a CICL are not taken into account / No Diversion / Stigma of Criminality / No provision for aftercare / Punishes Status Offenses Children as young as 9 yrs. old can be incarcerated inside the jail
P.D. 603 The Child and Youth Welfare Code enacted on Dec. 10, 1974 It spelled out special procedures in handling youthful offenders (Art. 189-204) E.g. recognizance, suspension of sentence, rehabilitation in RRCY, etc.
P.D. 603 Recognition of the role of the Five Pillars of Justice (Community, Law Enforcement, Prosecution Service, Courts, Correctional Institution) in a collective effort to rehabilitate youthful offenders and dispense justice Establishment of BCPCs Studies showed a gap in the implementation of the law by the Five Pillars of Justice
Result Continued violations of child rights were easily observed at the time of arrest and incarceration of a CICL. Formal education of child offenders who were enrolled at the time of arrest was disrupted. At the same time they also learn vices such as smoking, gambling, drinking and substance abuse from them. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted by different nations on November 1989 Philippines became a signatory in 1990 It defines a child as any human being below 18 years old
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child The Convention establishes in international law that: Signatory Nations must ensure that all children without discrimination in any formbenefit from: Special protection measures and assistance Have access to services such as education and health care Can develop their personalities, abilities and talents to the fullest potential Grow up in an environment of happiness, love and understanding Are informed about and participate in, achieving their rights in an accessible and active manner. Art. 40 of UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Right of CICL to legal help and fair treatment in a justice system that respects their rights To set a minimum age below which children cannot be held criminally responsible To provide the minimum guarantees for the fairness and quick resolution of judicial or alternative proceedings What does the Convention mean for the Philippines? By accepting the Convention, the Philippines committed itself to undertake all appropriate measures to ensure that the child is protected against all forms of discrimination or punishment
What does the Convention mean for the Philippines? the country was entrusted with the mission to undertake all appropriate legislative, administrative, and other measures for the implementation of the rights recognized in the Convention. Philippine Response June 17, 1992 (2 yrs. From UN Convention) enactment of R.A. 7610 (Law on Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act) April 28, 2006 (16 yrs. From UN Convention) enactment of R.A. 9344 (Juvenile Justice Welfare Act) which became effective on May 20, 2006 What was happening to youthful offenders BEFORE R.A. 9344?
Two Kids, aged 9 and 10, arrested allegedly for Theft, are jailed in this small cell with 18 other child detainees and 16 adult prisoners.
(Photo: PREDA) What was happening to youthful offenders BEFORE R.A. 9344?
Rosie, aged 5 years old, found wandering alone in the streets of Cebu, arrested allegedly for Vagrancy, was jailed in this small cell together with adult prisoners.
(Photo: PREDA) What was happening to youthful offenders BEFORE R.A. 9344? A childs depiction of his arrest by law enforcers. When dealing with children, the Police Handbook states that, on arrest, children should be taken by the hands rather than dragged or collared. Despite these provisions, many child suspects are handcuffed upon arrest and during transfer. There also continue to be persistent reports of torture or ill-treatment including punches, slaps, blows on the soles of the feet, being grabbed around the neck, etc.
Conceptual Framework of R.A. 9344 Principle of Restorative Justice Includes Diversion Best Interest of the Child Restorative Justice Enhancement of public safety by activating the offender, the victim and the community in prevention strategies. It is one that presumes that children in conflict with the law are themselves victims.
Diversion The various processes by which child offenders are prevented from entering the formal criminal justice system. A typical component of the restorative approach R.A. 9344 Juvenile Justice Welfare Act of 2006 It became effective on May 20, 2006 Its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) were enacted on September 19, 2006
Who are covered under R.A. 9344? Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) children who are alleged, accused of or adjudged of or adjudged as having committed an offense under Phil. Laws Children-At-Risk refers to children who are vulnerable to and at the risk of committing criminal offenses because of personal, family and social circumstances What is the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility? Children above 15 years of age but below 18 years of age who acted WITH DISCERNMENT Increased from above 9 years old to above 15 years old (as under the Revised Penal Code)
What is Discernment? The mental capacity of a child to understand the difference between what is right or wrong and the consequences of his acts Discernment relates to the moral significance that the person attaches to the act
Who is a Child Exempted from Criminal Responsibility? 1. A child fifteen (15) years of age or under at the time of the commission of the offense shall be exempt from criminal liability. A child is deemed to be fifteen (15) years of age on the day of the fifteenth anniversary of his/her birthdate. The child shall be subjected to an intervention program. (mandatory) Who is a Child Exempted from Criminal Responsibility? 2. A child above fifteen (15) years but below eighteen (18) years of age who acted WITHOUT DISCERNMENT. The child shall be subjected to an intervention program. (mandatory)
Who is a Child Exempted from Criminal Responsibility? Those who commit Status Offenses Any conduct not considered an offense or not penalized if committed by an adult shall not be considered an offense and shall not be punished if committed by a child. E.g. vagrancy, prostitution, sniffing of rugby Violation of Local Ordinances Ordinances enacted by local governments concerning juvenile status offenses such as, but not limited to: curfew violations / truancy / parental disobedience / anti-smoking and anti-drinking laws / light offenses and misdemeanors against public order or safety such as, but not limited to, disorderly conduct / public scandal / harassment / drunkenness / public intoxication / criminal nuisance / vandalism /gambling / mendicancy / littering / public urination / and trespassing, Shall be for the protection of children. Violation of Local Ordinances No penalty shall be imposed on children for said violations. They shall instead be brought to their residence or to any barangay official at the barangay hall to be released to the custody of their parents.
Violation of Local Ordinances Appropriate intervention programs shall be provided for in such ordinances. The child shall also be recorded as a child at risk and not as a child in conflict with the law. The ordinance shall also provide for intervention programs, such as counseling, attendance in group activities for children, and for the parents, attendance in parenting education seminars.
Are They Exempted Also from Civil Liability? NO. The exemption from criminal liability herein established does not include exemption from civil liability, which shall be enforced in accordance with existing laws. To be paid by their parents or guardian/s. Procedure for Taking into Custody a Child Exempted from Criminal Liability Authority in Initial Contact with Child 15 yrs. old and below Consult/Inform/Report to LSWD Officer Immediately release the child to his/her parents or guardian, or, the childs nearest relative Community-Based Intervention Program for Child by LSWD Officer If for best interest of child: Refer to a Youth Care Facility or Bahay Pag-asa If the parents, guardians or nearest relatives cannot be located, or if they refuse to take custody, the child may be released to any of the following: a) A duly registered nongovernmental or religious organization; b) A barangay official or a member of the Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC); c) A local social welfare and development officer; or, when and where appropriate, the DSWD. If the child has been found by the LSWD officer to be dependent, abandoned, neglected or abused by his/her parents and the best interest of the child requires that he/she be placed in a youth care facility or Bahay Pag-asa, the childs parents or guardians shall execute a written authorization for the voluntary commitment of the child
If the child has no parents or guardians or if they refuse or fail to execute the written authorization for voluntary commitment, the proper petition for involuntary commitment shall be immediately filed by the DSWD or the Local Social Welfare and Development Office (LSWDO) pursuant to PD 603. The minimum age for children committed to a youth care facility or Bahay Pag-asa shall be twelve (12) years old. Procedure During Initial Investigation (Inquest) Law Enforcer must determine where case of CICL must be referred Statement of Child taken in the presence of: (1) Counsel or Public Attorney; (2) Childs Parents/Guardians/Nearest Relative; (3) LSWD Officer. Social Worker must conduct an intial assessment to: (a) determine appropriate intevention; (b) determine discernment Proceed in accordance with Section 20 if the child is fifteen (15) years or below or above fifteen (15) but below eighteen (18) years old, who acted without discernment If the child is above fifteen (15) years old but below eighteen (18) and who acted with discernment, proceed to DIVERSION Procedure During Preliminary Investigation & Filing of Information Preliminary Investigation is Conducted by Prosecutor if: (a) Child not qualified for Diversion; (b) Child & Parents refuse to undergo Diversion; Diversion is not appropriate Prosecutor must (a) Serve subpoena and affidavit of complainant to child; (b) Notify PAO & place of detention of CICL Determine probable cause File Information in Family Court within 45 days from start of preliminary investigation What if Children who are Exempt from Criminal Responsibility Commit Serious Crimes? He/She shall be deemed a neglected child under PD 603 He/She shall be mandatorily placed in a special facility within the youth care faculty or Bahay Pag-asa called the Intensive Juvenile Intervention and Support Center (IJISC). Qualifications: 1. The child is above twelve (12) years of age up to fifteen (15) years of age 2. The child commits: a) parricide, b) murder, c) infanticide, d) kidnapping and serious illegal detention where the victim is killed or raped, e) robbery, with homicide or rape, f) destructive arson, g) rape, or h) carnapping where the driver or occupant is killed or raped or i) offenses under Republic Act No. 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002) punishable by more than twelve (12) years of imprisonment Procedure: 1. Petition for involuntary commitment and placement under the IJISC shall be filed by the local social welfare and development officer of the LGU where the offense was committed or by the DSWD worker 2. Filed within 24 hours from the time of the receipt of a report on the alleged commission of said child. 3. The Court shall decide on the petition within 72 hours.
What if Children who are Exempt from Criminal Responsibility are Repeat Offenders? He/She shall be deemed a neglected child under PD 603 He/She shall undergo an intensive intervention program supervised by the local social welfare and development officer
Qualifications: 1. The child is above twelve (12) years of age up to fifteen (15) years of age 2. The child was previously subjected to a community-based intervention program 3. The childs parents or guardians shall execute a written authorization for the voluntary commitment of the child if the best interest of the child requires that he/she be placed in a youth care facility or Bahay Pag-asa 4. Petition for Involuntary Commitment shall be immediately filed by the DSWD or the LSWDO: if the child has No parents or guardians or if they refuse or fail to execute the written authorization for voluntary commitment What if the Children are Exploited by Adults for the Commission of Crimes? Any person who, in the commission of a crime, makes use, takes advantage of, or profits from the use of children, including any person who abuses his/her authority over the child or who, with abuse of confidence, takes advantage of the vulnerabilities of the child and shall induce, threaten or instigate the commission of the crime, shall be imposed the penalty prescribed by law for the crime committed in its maximum period. What if the Children are Exploited by Adults for the Commission of Crimes? Under R.A. 7610: Any person who shall use, coerce, force or intimidate a street child or any other child to: Beg or use begging as a means of living; Act as conduit or middlemen in drug trafficking or pushing; or Conduct any illegal activities, shall suffer the penalty of prision correccional in its medium period to reclusion perpetua
January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Diversion An alternative, child-appropriate process of determining the responsibility and treatment of a CICL Based on his/her social, cultural, economic, psychological or educational background WITHOUT resorting to formal court proceedings January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Who Undergoes Diversion? CICL above fifteen (15) years but below eighteen (18) years of age who acted with discernment Children who are 15 years old and below who committed an offense Diversion is the same a Tertiary Intervention January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Venues Of Diversion Barangay, Police, Prosecutor Level If offense has imposable penalty of not more than six (6) years of imprisonment Court If the imposable penalty is more than six (6) years of imprisonment but not more than twelve (12) years imprisonment January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Katarungang Pambarangay Level Conducted by the Lupon Tagapamayapa, chaired by the Punong Barangay, with the assistance of the members of the BCPC Punong Barangay shall conduct mediation / family conferencing / conciliation / adopt indigenous modes of conflict resolution
January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Barangay Level Absence of the offended party or his/her disagreement in its conduct shall not prevent the proceedings from being conducted. The Punong Barangay shall, however, endeavor to obtain the participation and the consent of the offended party in the formulation of the diversion program.
January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Barangay Level Objectives: restorative justice / formulation of a diversion program
Child and his/her family shall be present in the conduct of these diversion proceedings
Offended party may participate in the diversion proceedings
January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Contract of Diversion
Child voluntarily admits commission of the act
Victim and offender must both agree to diversion
January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Diversion Program
must be in writing signed by parties & concerned authorities Local Social Welfare Officer implements/supervises the Diversion Program Diversion proceedings to be completed in 45 days January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay On Diversion Program
Child must present himself/herself at least once a month for reporting & evaluation
Failure to comply w/ the terms and conditions of DP as certified by the LSWDO, victim has the option to institute appropriate legal action
January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Formulation of the Diversion Program An individualized treatment Consider the following factors: Childs feelings of remorse for the offense he or she committed / Parents or legal guardians ability to guide and supervise the child / Victims view about the propriety of the measures to be imposed / Availability of community-based programs for rehabilitation and reintegration of the child
January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Kinds of Diversion Program Restitution of property Reparation of the damage caused Indemnification for consequential damages Written or oral apology Care, guidance and supervision orders / Counseling for the CICL and the childs family Attendance in trainings, seminar and lectures on: anger management skills, problem solving and/or conflict resolution skills, values formation, other skills in dealing w/ situations which can lead to repetition January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Barangay Level Participation in available community- based programs including community service
Participation in education, vocation and life skills programs
January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Law Enforcement & Prosecution & Social Worker Level Diversion programs previously specified Confiscation and forfeiture of the proceeds or instruments of the crime January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Court Level Diversion programs previously specified Written or oral reprimand or citation Fine Payment of cost of the proceedings Institutional care and custody January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay Court Proceedings Apply privileged mitigating circumstance of Minority to fix, Reduce Bail IF CHILD IS DETAINED: Release On Recognizance, Bail, Transfer to Youth Home, Rehabilitation Center Institutionalization Last Resort, for Shortest Period No detention of child in jail pending trial January 24, 2008 Notes of Atty. Debbie G. Dulay When CICL Found Guilty Determine Civil Liability Instead of pronouncing judgment of conviction, automatic suspension of sentence full credit of time in detention, actual confinement / other disposition measures under SC Rule on JICL Establishment of Bahay Pag-asa Each province and highly-urbanized city (the LGUs) shall be responsible for building, funding and operating a Bahay Pag-asa within their jurisdiction following the standards that will be set by the DSWD and adopted by the JJWC.
Bahay Pag-asa Refers to a 24-hour child-caring institution established, Funded and managed by local government units (LGUs) and licensed and/or accredited nongovernment organizations (NGOs) Providing short-term residential care for children in conflict with the law who are above fifteen (15) but below eighteen (18) years of age who are awaiting court disposition of their cases or transfer to other agencies or jurisdiction.
Bahay Pag-asa
A multi-disciplinary team composed of a social worker, a psychologist/mental health professional, a medical doctor, an educational/guidance counselor and a Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) member shall operate the Bahay Pag-asa. The team will work on the individualized intervention plan with the child and the childs family.
Establishment of IJISC Part of the features of a Bahay Pag- asa is an Intensive Juvenile Intervention And Support Center (IJISC). Every Bahay Pag-asa will have a special facility called the IJISC. This Center will be allocated for children in conflict with the law in accordance with Sections 20, 20-A and 20-B hereof. Establishment of IJISC These children will be required to undergo a more intensive multi- disciplinary intervention program. Establishment of IJISC The JJWC in partnership with, but not limited to, the DSWD, the DOH, the DepED and the DILG, will develop and set the standards for the implementation of the multi-disciplinary intervention program of the IJISC. Upon institutionalization of the IJISC program, the JJWC will continue to monitor and provide technical assistance to the multi-disciplinary teams operating the said centers.
Care and Maintenance of the Child in Conflict with the Law The LGUs expected expenditures on the local juvenile intervention program for children at risk and children in conflict with the law shall be included in the LGUs annual budget. Highly-urbanized cities and provincial governments should include a separate budget for the construction and maintenance of the Bahay Pag-asa including the operation of the IJISC within the Bahay Pag-asa. THE END