20

php QoS trn mng s s dng kt hp gia MPLS, DiffServ v k

thut lu lng TE.
Cui cng, vn thc hin QoS cho mng IP l bi ton
ln, i hi s phi hp gii quyt t nhiu gii php khc nhau.
Vic trin khai cc gii php nng cao cht lng dch v l vic rt
cn thit, tuy nhin phi cn i gia chi ph trin khai v nhu cu
ca khch hng. Lun vn a ra bc u trin khai nng cao
cht lng dch v, chi ph ln do cn c nhiu thi gian nghin
cu a ra tng bc trin khai cho ph hp vi thc t.
Hng nghin cu tip theo:
S i nghin cu su hn v cc k thut qun l cht lng dch
v mng truyn thng a phng tin ni chung, tmhiu v cht
lng dch v mng s dng IP version 6.


1


HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
---------------------------------------




L HNG CHUNG

NGHIN CU V CHT LNG DCH V MNG IP V
NG DNG NNG CAO CHT LNG TRONG DCH V
VIDEO CONFERENCE


Chuyn ngnh: TRUYN D LIU V MNG MY TNH
TM TT LUN VN THC S

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: GS. TS NGUYN THC HI

H NI 2012


2



M U
1. L do chn ti
Cng vi s pht trin ca Cng ngh thng tin trong vi
nm qua th i km vi n l hng lot nhng k hoch kinh doanh
da vo vic khai thc thng tin v cung cp dch v mng Internet.
C th khng inh rng Cng ngh thng tin cng gp phn vo lm
cho qu trnh ton cu ho, khu vc ho c nhanh chng v thun
li hn th Internet vdch v vin thng l nhn t chnh trong qu
trnh pht trin y, nhiu kin ca cc nh chuyn gia trong lnh
vc cng ngh thng tin nhn mnh rng vthp k ti l thi k ca
Internet v dch v vin thng s l dch v mang li hiu qu nht,
n s h tr cho tt c cc nghnh ngh kinh t, xhi.
Mng IP c vai tr thit yu trong lnh vc truyn thng, khi nim
mng ton IP (All IP) c ni n nhiu trong nhng nm gn
y. Cho nn cc nhu cu v dch v khng cn n iu nh trc
vtrn thc t cc ng dng i hi QoS xut hin ngy cng nhiu.
Nhng thnh tu gn y ca cng ngh truyn dn gip cho bng
thng kh dng trn mi trng truyn dn vt l gia tng nhanh
chng, kh nng cung ng ng truyn tc cao cho a dch v
hon ton kh thi. Bi cnh ny t ra cho mng IP nhiu thch
thc mi, i hi mng IP phi c cc c ch QoS hon chnh p
ng nhu cu a dch v ang gia tng Chnh v l , dch v ny
c s chp nhn ca khch hng hn na, ti quyt nh la chn
Lun vn tt nghip cao hc ca ti l ti: NGHIN CU V
CHT LNG DCH V MNG IP V NG DNG NNG
CAO CHT LNG TRONG DCH V VIDEO
CONFERENCE


19


m bo hiu qu hn. IntServ khng th thay i cc tuyn nu
ng dn ngn nht khng c dung lng cho mi kt ni mi. Tt
c nhng iu chng t cc h thng IntServ qui m ln l khng
th kh thi. Ngy nay xu th h tr cc ng dng thi gian thc trong
mng IP l u tin ho cc dch v v ngi dng, trong c ch
DiffServ l tiu biu. Cc nhu cu v QoS c chuyn sang mt
khi nim mi gi l cp dch v GoS. tng y l cung cp cc
loi dch v khc nhau cho tng loi lu lng khc nhau, l cung
cp mt dch v tt hn cc ng dng nhy cm vi tr. Hn na, cc
c ch khc nhau tng tc vi cc phin TCP bng qun l b
m hay lp lch c to ra gim kh nng tc nghn v chia s
ti nguyn cng bng hn. Tuy nhin, phng thc cho cc ng dng
pha u cui yu cu mt GoS no vn cha r rng v DiffServ
khng c iu khin chp nhn kt ni. DiffServ khng kh nng
gii quyt bi ton chia s ti nguyn gia cc lung TCP ang hot
ng. Ti nguyn vn b chia s khng cng bng bn trong mi tp
hp lu lng khc nhau. DiffServ ang rt cn mt h thng iu
khin nghn hon ho hn vi cc c ch lp lch, qun l b m,
phn hi nghn v c iu chnh u cui.
nghin cu cht lng dch v Video Conference trn
mng Man-E. Trong nghin cu v kin trc mng Man-E, dch
v thi gian thc v cc tiu ch QoS ca mng Man-E. i su
nghin cu cht lng dch v Video Conference v xut gii
php nng cao cht lng dch v Video Conference. C th thy gii

18


KT LUN

Lun vn Nghin cu v cht lng dch v mng IP v
ng dng nng cao cht lng trong dch v Video Conference
c hon thnh. Trong trnh by ca lun vn, ti nghin cu v
t c kt qu nh sau:
nghin cu v cht lng dch v trn mng IP (IP QoS)
v cc tiu ch nh gi cht lng dch v. T khng nh c
s cn thit ca QoS cho mng IP ngy nay l khng th thiu. QoS
ra i vi nhim v u tin cho cc ng dng thi gian thc bng
cch cp pht thm bng thng v t chng mc u tin cao hn
cc ng dng khc. QoS s nh hng ti cc thng s mng nh:
Bandwidth (Bng thng), Delay (tr), Jitter (Bt n nh), Loss (
mt gi).
nghin cu cc gii php chnh ci thin QoS trong mng
IP. Trong gii php ban u cho IP QoS l dng c ch vt cu,
y l gii php n gin d thc hin nhng tn km v hiu sut
thp. C ch quan trng k tip cung cp QoS cho cc ng dng
trong mng IP lIntServ, thuc loi c ch ng k trc ti nguyn.
tng chnh ca c ch ny l dng mt giao thc c bit RSVP
ang k vqun l ti nguyn mng cho mi phin. Tuy nhin c
ch ny sm t ra nng n v phc tp thm ch cn phc tp hn c
cc c ch QoS ca ATM. RSVP dng khi nim gi l trng thi
mm, mt cho mi kt ni, trng thi mm phi c lm ti nh
k. Ngoi ra, IntServ cng i hi thit k li cc giao thc IP chnh

3



2. Mc ch nghin cu
Mc tiu ca lun vn l nghin cu cc tiu ch nh gi
cht lng dch v v cc gii php ci thin cht lng dch v
mng IP ni chung, xut phng n trin khai ng dng gii php
nng cao cht lng dch v Video Conference trn mng MAN - E.
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu
Mng IP, dch v Video Conference truyn ti trn mng
MAN-E, QoS ca cc dch v thi gian thc.
4. Phng php nghin cu
Tng hp phn tch cc kt qu nghin cu ca cc cng trnh
linquan; c hng xut vi khch hnhhoc doanh nghip s dng
dch v Video Conference c hiu qu.
5. Kt cu ca lun vn
Lun vn bao gm 3 chng:
Chng 1 : Cc yu t dng nh gi cht lng dch v mng IP.
Chng 2 : Nhng gii php c bn nng cao QoS trong mng IP.
Chng 3 : ng dung dch v thi gian thc Video Conference trn
mng MAN- E.
CHNG I
CC YU T DNG NH GI CHT LNG
DCH V MNG IP
1.1 Gii thiu chung
IP l mt giao thc phi kt ni v khng tin cy. N cung cp
dch v chuyn gi n lc nht. N lc nht y c ngha IP khng
cung cp chc nng theo di v kim tra li. N ch c gng chuyn
gi ti ch ch khng c s m bo. Nu tin cy l yu t quan

4


trng, IP phi hot ng vi mt giao thc tng trn tin cy, chng hn
TCP. IP cng l mt dch v phi kt ni, c thit k cho mt mng
chuyn mch gi. Phi kt ni c ngha mi datagram c x l c
lp, mi gi c th i ti ch trn mt ng i khc nhau, chng c
th n sai th t. Mt s datagram c th b mt, b hng trong khi
truyn. IP da vo mt giao thc tng cao hn x l nhng vn
ny.
Cc k thut QoS trong mng IP.

Hnh 1.1. Cc k thut QoS trong mng IP
1.2. Cc tham s nh gi QoS
1.2.1. Bng thng
Bng thng l tc truyn hiu qu c o lng theo bit
trn giy m thc t l s bit trung bnh truyn thnh cng qua mng
trong mt giy.

17


3.3.2. xut gii php QoS
3.3.2.1. t vn
3.3.2.2. Khuyn ngh
3.3.2.3. Xydng cc Profile QoS c bn v quy c s dng DSCP
3.3.2.4. Network control profile
3.3.2.5. ReatimeVoiceprofile
3.3.2.6. RealtimeVideo profile
3.3.2.7. Data 1 Profile(Crictical)
3.3.2.8. Data 2 Profile
3.3.2.9. Standard Profile
3.3.3. Cu hnh QoS trong MAN-E
m bo dch v, khuyn ngh cu hnh QoS trn 2 loi interface:
Interfacekt ni n cc thit b khc trong mng MAN
Interfacekt ni n cc thit b khch hng
3.4. Kt lun chng 3
Lun vn a ra bc u trin khai nng cao cht
lng dch v Video Conference v vn trin khai cc gii php
nng cao cht lng dch v l vic rt cn thit, tuy nhin phi cn
i gia chi ph trin khai v nhu cu ca khch hng. Cht lng
dch v l mt vn rt phc tp, chi ph ln do cn c nhiu
thi gian nghin cu a ra tng bc trin khai cho ph hp vi
thc t.




16


3.3. Cht lng dch v Video Conference. Gii php nng cao
cht lng dch v Video Conference
3.3.1. Mng tng th Video Conference


Hnh 3.7. S khi chc nng ca dch v Video Conference

3.3.1.1. Mng ni dung
3.3.1.2. Mng truyn ti
3.3.1.3. Mng u cui
3.3.1.4. B qun tr

5


1.2.2. Tn tht gi
Tn tht gi l thams ch ra phn trm gi truyn nhng
khng bao gi n ch.
1.2.3. tr
tr l khong thi gian cn thit s liu di chuyn t
ngun n ch.
1.2.4. bin ng tr
bin ng tr (jitter) l thams ch s thay i tr ca
cc gi trong chui s liu truyn.
1.2.5. tin cy
Tnh kh dng hay tin cy cng l mt ch tiu xc nh
cht lng dch v ca mt mng. L tng th mt mng phi kh
dng trong 100% thi gian.
1.3. Kt lun chng 1
cc h thng truyn thoi v video qua IP lmvic hiu
qu th bng thng phi cng ln cng tt trong khi tr, tn tht
gi v bin ng tr phi mc ti thiu.


6


CHNG II
NHNG GII PHP C BN NHM NNG CAO QoS
TRONG MNG IP
2.1. Phng thc c bn cung ng QoS trong mng IP
2.1.1. Cung ng c d phng cho mng
Gii php ph bin nht cho QoS ngy nay l cung cp bng
thng y cho mng. D phng ch n gin l xy dng mng c
lng bng thng nhiu hn nhu cu thc t ca dch v m thanh,
video vcc dch v khc thng xuyn chy trn mng.
2.1.2. Xp hng
Cc hng i ring bit cho php truyn s liu c yu cu
nghimngt v thi gian nh m thanh v video theo phng thc
u tin.
2.1.3. Phn loi
K thut xp hng c tin hnh nh vo mt s c ch
phn loi hay u tin gi. Mt vi c ch khc nhau dc dng hin
nay bao gm RSVP, IP precedence, DiffServ v MPLS.
2.2. Cc c ch kim sot cht lng ph bin trong mng IP
Cho n nay c ba nhm c ch chnh nhm t c mt
cht lng mng tt hn mc Best-Effort truyn thng trn mng IP,
l:
- Cung cp dung lng vt yu cu.
- ng k trc ti nguyn.
- u tin ho cc dch v v ngi dng.
2.2.1. Cung cp dung lng vt yu cu

15


3.2.1. Khuyn ngh ca ITU-T
Khuyn ngh G.1010
Bng 3-1 Cc tham s video ca ITU-T
Phn
g tin
ng dng Cch
thc
Tc

Gitr
One-
way
delay
Delay
variation
Inform
ation
loss
(Note
2)
Khc
Video Videophone Two-
way
16-
384
kbit/s
<150ms
preferred
<1%
packet
loss
ratio
(PLR)
Lip-
synch:
<80ms
Video One-way One-
way
16-
384
kbit/s
<10s <1%
PLR


3.2.2. Khuyn ngh ca Cisco
Hin ti c 2 kiu lu lng video c bn l Interactive-
Video (videconferencing) v Streaming-Video (bao gm c unicast
v multicast). Mi loi dch v cn c nhng tiu ch v QoS khc
nhau.

14



3.1.2. S cu trc mng
Mng MAN-E mt tnh bao gm mt Core Ring v cc
access ring. Core ring c bng thng ti thiu 1G hoc ln hn ty
vo tng tnh. Access ring c bng thng 1G, 2G hoc 10G. M
hnh dch v
Dch v Video Conference (hay IPTV)
Dch v VoD/VoIP
Dch v HSI
Dch v VPN
3.1.3. Giao thc truyn ti MPLS.
3.1.4. Giao thc nh tuyn.
3.2. Dch v thi gian thc Video Conference v tiu ch QoS ca
mng MAN-E
Video Conference l dch v truyn tn hiu hnh nh vm
thanh gia hai hoc nhiu im khc nhau.Dch v ny cho php
nhiu ngi tham d ti cc a im c th trao i trc tip bng
mthanh, hnh nh qua mn hnh v loa.Video conferencing cn
cung cp nhiu tin ch khc cho ngi s dng nh: kt ni vi my
tnh trnh chiu vn bn, kt ni vi h thng m thanh ngoi, cc
thit b lu tr (u ghi bng t, a quang VCD, DVD hoc cng)
Nhm phc v nhng phin hi tho quan trng ca cc t chc hoc
mt cng ty no ...
Cc t chc vin thng a ra cc b tiu ch v ch tiu k
thut cho dch v. Sau khi trin khai cc gii php QoS trn mng
cn i chiu so snh vi b tiu ch v ch tiu k thut ny

7


Cung cp lng bng thng vt mc yu cu l c ch km
nht, v hai c ch kia hot ng theo nguynl ch dng mt s ti thiu
dung lng p ng cho cc hp ng dch v.
2.2.2. ng k trc ti nguyn
IntServ lkin trc u tin c c t bi IETF h tr QoS
theo c ch ng k trc ti nguyn. IntServ dng giao thc RSVP
ng k ti nguyncho tng lung lu lng.
2.2.3. u tin ho cc dch v v ngi dng
Thc cht QoS rt phong ph v u tin. Vic h tr QoS
ng mc cn c: mt phng tin nh du cc lung theo
u tin v c ch mng nhn dng v tc ng ln lung theo
u tin .
2.3. M hnh tch hp dch v IntServ
M hnh IntServ c IETF gii thiu vo gia thp nin 90
vi mc ch h tr cht lng dch v t u cui ti u cui. Cc
ng dng s nhn c bng thng ng yu cu v truyn i trong
mng vi tr cho php.
2.3.1. Cc lp dch v
C hai lp dch v: m bo dch v v kim sot ti.

8


2.3.2. Giao thc dnh trc ti nguyn RSVP






RSVP l giao thc bo hiu cung cp th tc thit lp v
iu khin qu trnh chim gi ti nguyn, hay ni cch khc RSVP
cho php cc chng trnh ng dng thng bo cho mng nhng yu
cu v mc cht lng dch v v mng s hi p chp nhn hoc
khng chp nhn yu cu .
2.3.3. Kin trc IntServ
Cu trc ca cc b nh tuyn v cc b chuyn mch c h
tr RSVP trong mng:






Hnh 2.4. M hnh dch v IntServ
Cu trc gm cc khi: Khi iu khin lu lng vKhi
iu khin thu nhn v thit lp d tr.

13


CHNG III
NG DNG DCH V THI GIAN THC VIDEO
CONFERENCE TRN MNG MAN-E
3.1. M hnh kin trc mng MAN-E
3.1.1. Gii thiu chung
Mng MAN-E l mng th trn nn tng cng ngh
Ethernet. Nhim v chnh ca MAN-E lmng thu gom lu lng t
lp truy nhp ti lp bin ri chuyn ln lp Core

Hnh 3.1. Cu trc mng



12


Ngy nay xu th h tr cc ng dng thi gian thc trong
mng IP l u tin ho cc dch v v ngi dng, trong c ch
DiffServ l tiu biu. DiffServ khng kh nng gii quyt bi ton
chias ti nguyn gia cc lung TCP ang hot ng. Ti nguyn
vn b chia s khng cng bng bn trong mi tp hp lu lng
khc nhau. DiffServ ang rt cn mt h thng iu khin nghn
hon ho hn vi cc c ch lp lch, qun l b m, phn hi
nghn v c iu chnh u cui.


9


2.4. M hnh phn bit dch v DiffServ
2.4.1. M hnh







Hnh 2.5. M hnh cc bc phn bit dch v DiffServ
Kin trc DiffServ cha hai thnh phn chnh: Mt l nguyn
tc ng x (PHB) trn ng dn chuyn gi v th hai lchnh sch
cu hnh cc thng s trn ng dn chuyn gi cho tng PHB.
2.4.2. Pht trin QoS theo c ch DiffServ
2.4.2.1. Tng quan v trin khai dch v theo kin trc DiffServ
DiffServ s dng cc c ch phn loi, chnh dng v lp lch
cung cp cc dch v. Kin trc DiffServ ch nh ngha cc m
DSCP ghi trong trng ToS vcc PHB. Cn dch v c th nh th
no l do cc nh cung cp dch v quy nh.
2.4.2.2. Phng php pht trin h thng DiffServ
Cng vic pht trin h thng DiffServ lin quan n t chc
v pht trin hai thnh phn chnh l b iu chnh lu lng ti
router bin v cc PHB ti cc router, c bit l cc corerouter.

10


a. Pht trin b iu chnh lu lng
b. Pht trin cc PHB
* C ch qun l hng i
* C ch lp lch gi
2.4.3. Vn qun l ti nguyn
2.4.3.1. Khi qut hin trng
IETF xut DiffServ nh l gii php thay th, khc
phc c nhc im ca IntServ v c tnh kh trin rt tt. Tuy
nhin, kin trc c trin khai cn phi c cc gii thut qun l lu
lng no .
2.4.3.2. Gii php qun l ti nguyn RMD:
RMD l mt k thut nhm b sung iu khin chp nhn v
chc nng ng k cho mng DiffServ. RMD iu khin lu lng
bng hai cch: iu khin chp nhn lung mi v gii thut loi b
mt s lung nu mng b nghn.
* Hot ng qun l trn c s o lng
* Hot ng qun l trn c s ng k
2.4.3.3. Gii php PCN
Gii php thng bo tin nghn PCN l mt gii php
DiffServ trong cc nt bn trong c gng pht hin nghn.
PCN tng t nh ECN l gii php nh du cc gi khi mng
thc s b nghn.

11


2.4.4. Pht trin IP QoS trn nn MPLS
2.4.4.1. MPLS h tr QoS cho IP
MPLS l mt gii php tng tc truyn s liu qua
mng c xut bi IETF.
2.4.4.2. Kt hp DiffServ v MPLS
MPLS c kh nng khi phc v bo v nhanh chng hn
khi cu hnh mng thay i so vi cc h thng IP chun. Kh nng
ny c gi ls bo v MPLS v chng c th cung cp cc mc
bo v khc bit cho cc ng dn khc nhau.
2.4.4.3. Nhng tn ti trong vic dng MPLS
Bn thn MPLS khi thit lp mt LSP qua mt router s
khng m bo rng router ny c th kim sot c cc nhu cu v
bng thng ca n.
MPLS cn hn ch c tnh nh tuyn tnh, khi cht
lng trn mt tuyn b suy gim n khng c bin php thay i.
2.5. Kt lun chng 2
Gii php ban u cho IP QoS l dng c ch vt cu, y
l gii php n gin d thc hin nhng tn km v hiu sut thp.
C ch quan trng k tip cung cp QoS cho cc ng dng trong
mng IP l IntServ, thuc loi c ch ng k trc ti nguyn, h
thng IntServ qui m ln l khng th kh thi.