#$ 7/`2006

O6amax cnon n:o na nanano XX neia,

xi xoex ni(enn+i +n ocnonnix nanan-
nennx nn+ene+annn xaicn:xa n Poccnn: 1)
o+o(oicaninoe, (nx io+ooio 6ino xaai-
+eno c+exnenne a:nnna+i ocnonnie nnn-
nnni xaicn:xa, ne+io coxanxx 6a:ncnie
eio yc+anonin (ne(c+ann+enn (nanei+nnec-
ioio xa+enann:xa, n nenym onee(i B.H.
ennn); 2) o6sei+nnnc+cioe, (nx io+ooio
6ino cnonc+nenno a6conm+n:nona+i oni
o6sei+nnnix (iionoxnnecinx) qai+oon n
nc+onneciox nonecce (neianinin xai-
cn:x (H.L. C+yne, C.H. Lyniaion, H.A. Le-
(xen, M.H. Tyian-Laanoncinn), xicnn+enn,
ncnone(ymmne n(en iionoxn:xa n xenime-
nn:xa); 3) ai+nnnc+cioe, (nx io+ooio o+nn-
nn+eninon xaai+enc+nion xnnxe+cx c+ex-
nenne nn+ene+nona+i xaicn:x n (yxe ai-
+nnn:xa nnn nonmn+an:xa (A.A. Loi(anon,
B.A. La:aon, A.B. ynanacinn). Cnoi
noiyi ynennx K. Maica n u. Jnienica
6inn, iai ionon+cx, ne na n:ni a na
cxe+i. H(ennie (nciyccnn innenn n 6ynn-
nn. Onncinax 6oi6y noiyi xaicn:xa n
Poccnn n io(i, ne(mec+nymmne enonmnnn
oi+x6x 1917, B.A. La:aon iononn o xno-
ionncnennix .6ommnxcx n xaicn:xe
n(ennix nanannennxx [1. C. 331], n e:yni-
+a+e neio cqoxnonannci a:noo6a:nie
xaicnc+oo6a:nie qnnocoqnn (H.C.
Kmiennn).
Knnenne cnoon noiyi xaicn:xa
no(onanoci n nocne enonmnnn 1917 io(a.
Mnoine n: an+oon, nananmne cnon ny+i n
qnnocoqnn n 1O-e ii. XX n., no(onnnn cnon
qnnocoqcine a:ximnennx n n 2O3O-e ii.
Heio+oie n: nnx 6inn nineiny+i nnac-
+im n: qnnocoqcion (enc+nn+eninoc+n, no
x( nanannennn cymec+nonan n a:nnnancx,
Kanfka H.H.
Tkueuckan rocyqapcfeeuuan apxufekfypuo-cfpoufensuan akaqeuun
mHROCOmCKHE HEH A.A. BOFAHOBA
Knnenne cnopoa aokpyr uapkcnsua npoqonxanocs a Poccnn a feuenne acero XX cfonefns.
Dpnuepou fouy sansefcs qnnocoqckas konenns A.A. Borqanoaa. Ceroqns, paccuafpnaas qnno-
coqckym cncfeuy A.A. Borqanoaa, unoroe aocnpnnnuaefcs sano kak yfonnsu, no ace xe cneqyef
nounnfs, ufo noqonme nqen nexann a ocnoae fex npeopasoaann (qecfanfensno peaonmnonnmx
n paqnkansnmx), kofopme nepexnna Poccns a XX a. Ofpasnnncs afn yfonnueckne konennn n na
pasanfnn ofeuecfaenno qnnocoqcko umcnn.
necxo+x na cnonie n:anxoo+nomennx c
oqnnnaninon n(eonoinen. Lonee +oio ne-
io+oie ne(c+ann+enn nanannn xaicn:-
xa na yccion nonne, necxo+x na in+niy co
c+ooni nnac+en, nomnn n 6noi oqnnnaninon
qnnocoqnn n Poccnn n 2O3O-e ii. XX n. Hn-
xeox +oxy xnnxe+cx qnnocoqciax ionnennnx
Aneican(a Aneican(onnna Loi(anona (Ma-
nnnoncioio).
Hanannenne, i io+ooxy nnna(nean
A.A. Loi(anon, xoe+ 6i+i oxaai+en:ona-
no iai nn+ene+nymmee xaicn:x n (yxe
connaninoio ai+nnn:xa. Maicn:x (nx (an-
noio nanannennx i+o ne +oniio no:nanne
o6sei+nnnix :aionon, no, n i+o (nx xicnn-
+enen 6ino nanee nceio, +eonx connani-
non oiann:annn oiyammeio nenoneia
xna. Cy6sei+axn, +noxmnxn xn, nic+y-
nann connaninie ionnei+nni inacci, nn-
o(a io+oix one(enxnaci ynennex o inac-
conon 6oi6e n inacconon n(eonoinn.
Peqoxi accxa+nnannci ne(c+ann+e-
nxxn (annoio nanannennx nnmi iai noxe-
y+onnax c+a(nx inacconon 6oi6i, xano
iqqei+nnnax no cnonx e:yni+a+ax. Hc+nn-
noe ocno6o(enne +y(xmnxcx xacc no:xo-
no nnmi n noine enonmnnonnix n a(n-
ianinix neo6a:onannn o6mec+na. Penonm-
nnx nonnxanaci iai nicmax qoxa +none-
c+na, nan6onee no(yi+nnnax n :axna+inam-
max nonc+nne mnoine xacci. Ona co:(ae+
nnnnnnnanino nonie qoxi connaninoio
6i+nx. H +ai iai enonmnnx +ai+onanaci
iai (enanne nc+onn, +o nan6onimnn nn-
+eec nnnneiann no6nexi (enc+nnx n (ex-
+eninoc+n, nonnxanne nc+onnecion onn e-
nonmnnonea-+nona. J+a oco6ennoc+i xno-
omymennx o6sxcnxe+ +o+ qai+, n+o xnoine
ne(c+ann+enn (annoio nanannennx nnxi-
#% 7/`2006
nynn i 6onimenniax (o6a:onan nenoe ii-
no 6onimenn:xa) n no:n+nnno onennnn Oi-
+x6iciym enonmnnm, nnnnxann n nen
ai+nnnoe ynac+ne, iai n n nocne(ymmex c+o-
n+enic+ne nonoio iocy(ac+na.
Hxenno n i+on naa(nixe a6o+an A.A.
Loi(anon. Lio xnono::enne a:nnnanoci n
xenxnoci, no ncei(a o6o:nanennie +exi 6inn
ocnonnixn n eio qnnocoqcinx a:ximnennxx.
A.A. Loi(anon nonynnn xoomee o6a:o-
nanne. On oionnnn xe(nnnncinn qaiyni+e+
Xaiioncioio ynnnecn+e+a. Honn+nion yn-
neicx eme n c+y(ennecine io(i. 3a ynac+ne n
enonmnnonnix nic+ynnennxx 6in cocnan n
Bonoi(y, i(e n no:naioxnncx co xnoinxn n:-
nec+nixn (ex+enxxn yccion iyni+yi n e-
nonmnnonnoio (nnennx, nannxe c H.A.
Le(xenix. B 19O3 i. nc+ynnn n na+nm 6oni-
mennion n c+an o(nnx n: caxix nnnx+eninix
(ex+enen anneio 6onimenn:xa. B 19O4 i. n
nonn+nnecion (ex+eninoc+n on c6nnae+cx c
B.H. ennnix, no com: nocymec+nonan ne
(onio. Cy+i acxo(ennx :ainmnanaci n cne-
(ymmex: B.H. ennn cnn+an, n+o neo6xo(n-
xo co:(ana+i e(nnym enonmnnonnym
na+nm, n io+oym xoe+ non+n nm6on nn-
neenen n(en 6onimenn:xa. A.A. Loi(anon
e c+oxn na no:nnnn oxan+nnecioio n:onx-
nnonn:xa, na nnnnnne nnc+o+i none+ac-
ion ncnxon(eonoinn. Hxenno noi+oxy on
nic+ynan no+nn ynac+nx enonmnnoneon n:
none+ana+a n neianinix na+nnnix oia-
nn:annxx, i(e nx 6i nnmnoci co+y(nnna+i
c nnoo(nixn connaninixn inexen+axn.
Pacxo(ennx c B.H. ennnix one(enx-
nnci ynnenennxxn A.A. Loi(anona ineie+n:-
xox B. Oc+nani(a n ionnennnen J. Maxa. K
+oxy e noc+enenno A.A. Loi(anon c+anonnn-
cx o(nnx n: nn(eon na+nn, no+nnoc+ox-
mnx B.H. ennny. Hocne(nnn nnnxn nce
xei i n:xenennm cn+yannn. B.H. ennn
nnme+ a6o+y n 19O8 i. Ma+enann:x n ix-
nnnoin+nnn:x (no( ncen(onnxox B. Hni-
nn), i(e e:io in+niye+ xnono::enne A.A.
Loi(anona. B e:yni+a+e n 19O9 i. Loi(anon
ncinmnae+cx n: na+nn.
Hyno o+xe+n+i, n+o A.A. Loi(anon o+-
ne+nn na in+niy B.H. ennna a6o+on Bea
n nayia (no nono(y innin B. Hninna Ma+e-
nann:x n ixnnnoin+nnn:x). B cnoen a-
6o+e Loi(anon y+ne(ae+, n+o ennn ncia-
:nn eio n(en. Loi(anon nncan o +ox, n+o nxe-
c+o naynnon in+nin ennn n nnnnnne
oiynino o6nnnxe+ ncex cnonx onnonen+on n
eainnonn:xe n nic+ynae+ no+nn nceio no-
noio. Hoia:a+enen no(o6nin qaixen+ a6o-
+i A.A. Loi(anona: Oco6enno ne(onyc+n-
xix ne(c+annxe+cx ccinia (B.H. ennna.
.) na (ecx+oi a:nnnnix eqea+on Loi-
(anona, ccinia, io+oym ne xoe+ +onno
nonen+i nni+o n: +ex, i+o ne cniman ca-
xnx eqea+on. eno n +ox, n+o nn na o(nox
n: nnx (Hninn) ne 6in; ne 6in (ae na +ox,
na io+oin 6in cnennanino nninamen, na
nonexnneciox eqea+e no nono(y a:6na-
exon innin B. Hninna [2. C. 221]. Ho:nnnn
ynac+nnion (nciyccnn 6inn neconxec+nxi,
n i+o nnneno i xnnoxy ionqnni+y.
Bnnxnne A.A. Loi(anona nannnae+ nnoni
noxnnx+icx ye nocne oi+x6x 1917 i. On
c+anonn+cx n(eonoiox none+iyni+a n a:a-
6a+inae+ oqnnnaninym +eonm (c ne+ion
onen+annen na nai+niy) none+acion
iyni+yi. Ho ionqnni+ c B.H. ennnix oc-
+ae+cx n nxee+ one(enennie nocne(c+nnx.
Hoc+enenno A.A. Loi(anon nce 6onee na-
nnnae+ nn+eecona+icx naynnixn no6nexa-
xn. Cnane(nnnoc+n a(n nyno no(nei-
ny+i, n+o nayia ncei(a nnnneiana nnnxanne
Loi(anona, en on y(enxn ncei(a xnoio nexe-
nn n :annxancx iai +eoe+nnecinxn a:a-
6o+iaxn, +ai n nai+nnecinxn oni+axn. Co
nexenex naynnoe +nonec+no nonnoc+im :an-
na(eno xicnxxn A.A. Loi(anona. B 1926 i.
on co:(ae+ n no:inannxe+ nenin n xne Hn-
c+n+y+ neennnannx ionn, n io+oox na
nai+nie nccne(ym+cx +eoe+nnecine a:a-
6o+in A.A. Loi(anona, n nnonne ycnemno. Ho
n 1928 i. n e:yni+a+e ney(annoio oni+a, no-
c+annennoio na caxox ce6e, A.A. Loi(anon
cioonoc+nno cionnancx.
Pa:ximnxx na( qnnocoqcinxn n(exxn
A.A. Loi(anona, xi xoex o+xe+n+i, n+o ye
n nanane cnoeio ny+n on c+exnncx i co:(a-
nnm nceo6men n nceoxna+inammen qnnocoq-
cion cnc+exi, io+oax 6i oxna+inana nce
xno:(anne. La:nc (nx +aioio nceo6meio cnn-
+e:a on nn(en n connaninox xa+enann:xe
K. Maica. Cnom qnnocoqciym cnc+exy Loi-
(anon cnn+an no(onennex enonmnnonnon
Karka H.H. 4nococke qe A.A. 5orqauoaa
#& 7/`2006
qnnocoqnn Maica, n ocnone io+oon, no eio
xnennm, (enc+nn+eninoc+i, n:x+ax ne co:e-
na+enino, n qoxe 6e:a:nnnno-nen+anino-
io (o+nocn+enino nenoneia) o6sei+a, a (en-
c+nn+eninoc+i iai nai+nia, neo(onenammax
no+nnonononoc+i cy6sei+a n o6sei+a.
A.A. Loi(anon cnn+an, n+o o6o:nanennym
:a(any K. Maic emnn nnmi nac+nnno
+oniio o+nocn+enino connaninoio no:nannx.
Cne(ona+enino, neo6xo(nxo a:nnna+i +eo-
nm (anee. Cax Loi(anon yia:inan, n+o eio
ne(na:nanenne :ainmnae+cx n a:nn+nn ion-
nennnn Maica n o6meqnnocoqciox xacm-
+a6e, ninmnax n neo6a:onanne nno(i.
Taiax no:nnnx nnno(nna i +oxy, n+o Loi-
(anon ne nync+nonan ce6x cnx:annix axia-
xn ionnennnn Maica, a a:nnnan ee cno6o(-
no n +nonecin.
A.A. Loi(anon accy(an +ai: ecnn xi
accxa+nnaex xn iai connaninym nai+n-
iy, +o xi (onni nn(e+i n nex cqey ion-
nei+nnnoio +y(a, n io+oon coe(nnxm+cx
nenoneneciax ai+nnnoc+i n c+nxnnnoe cono-
+nnnenne en nemen. Ai+nnnoc+i, cono-
+nnnenne xnnxm+cx ocnonnixn nonx+nxxn
on+onoinn nai+nin Loi(anona. Bce qo-
xi 6i+nx ec+i cone+anne ai+nnnoc+en n co-
no+nnnennn. Mn noc+oxnno o6nonnxe+cx.
Coxanxm+cx nnmi +e qoxi, n io+oix co-
no+nnnenne n ai+nnnoc+i cone+am+cx iaxo-
nnnno. Cnom o6o6mennym cxexy (enc+nn-
+eninoc+n an+o nxenye+ nceoiann:annon-
non +onion :ennx. Konn no(o6non cnc+e-
xi n ionnei+nnnox +y(e. 3a(ana ee n +ox,
n+o6i neo(one+i c+nxnnnoe nanano xna n
oqoxn+i nce cymec+nymmee n nn+eecax ne-
nonenec+na. oc+niny+i i+oio no:xono ne-
e: one(enennym oiann:annm (ex+eninoc-
+n nenonenec+na.
Bceoiann:annonnax ionnennnx ocnona-
na n no xnoiox one(enxe+cx inacconon 6oi-
6on. B nenym onee(i i+o +eonx inacca,
io+oin cnonx +y(ox neo6a:oninae+ xn
n caxoio ce6x, +. e. none+ana+a. Pa6onnn
inacc ec+i nan6onee conemennin cy6sei+
oiann:ymmen (ex+eninoc+n n xnnxe+cx no-
o6a:ox 6y(ymeio nenonenec+na, yia:inan
A.A. Loi(anon. Ly(ymee e nenonenec+no ec+i
ino6aninin +y(onon ionnei+nn. nx +oio
n+o6i ocymec+nn+i nennine nc+onnecine
:a(ann none+ana+a, exy neo6xo(nxo nia-
6o+a+i n co:na+enino ocymec+nnx+i co6c+nen-
nym cnc+exy n xe+o(i, oiann:ymmne nn-
o(y n o6mec+nennym n:ni. J+a (ex+eni-
noc+i nen+ n ocnone none+acion iyni+y-
i, a:nn+nm io+oon neo6xo(nxo y(enn+i
xaicnxyx nnnxannx.
Hcxo(x n: nimecia:annoio A.A. Loi(a-
non c+on+ cnon ixnnnoxonn:x. B ocnone
ixnnnoxonn:xa naxo(nnaci in+nia oni-
+a, io+oin +ai+onancx iai neiax nennn-
nax n e(nnc+nennax eaninoc+i, c io+oon n
nxee+ (eno nenonei. B nonnxannn oni+a A.A.
Loi(anon no xnoiox onnancx na qnnocoqc-
ine ionnennnn ixnnnoin+nnn:xa (J. Max
n P. Anenanyc). nx ixnnnoin+nnn:xa
oni+ ninmnae+ n ce6x nenoce(c+nenno (an-
nie inexen+on omymennn, io+oie o6se-
(nnxm+cx n ioxnneici inexen+on no nnn-
nnny iionoxnn ximnennx (nanxenimen
+a+i cnn).
Ho xnennm Loi(anona, Max n Anenan-
yc ne cxoinn nonnoc+im a:emn+i no6ne-
xi (yann:xa qn:nnecioio n ncnxnnecioio. H:
ynennx ixnnnoin+nnn:xa ne xcno, nonexy
n oni+e no+nnonoc+annxm+cx qn:nnecine
xnnennx ncnxnnecinx o6a:ax i+nx xnne-
nnn. Loi(anon cnn+an, n+o a:nnnne qn:nnec-
ioio n ncnxnnecioio one(enxe+cx a:nnnni-
xn +nnaxn oiann:annn. On yia:inan, n+o
inexen+i, io+oie o6a:ym+ o6sei+nnnym
eaninoc+i n name co:nanne, o(nnaioni
(ionqniyannx qoxi, nne+ n +. n.). Ho cnx:i
nx xe(y co6on a:nnnnax. un:nnecioe i+o
ec+i connanino oiann:onannin oni+, a ncn-
xnnecioe ec+i oni+ nn(nnn(yaninin, ne no-
me(mnn n ionnei+nnno cqoxynnonannie
cnc+exi ne(c+annennn.
Hxenno n no(o6non +ai+onie Loi(anon
c+exnncx cnn+e:nona+i nonx+nx connani-
noio oni+a n xaxn:xe n xaicn:xe. Hcxo(x
n: ynennx Maica, Loi(anon nn+ene+ny-
e+ n nonecc no:nannx iai cxeny n(eonoin-
necinx qox. B i+on cxexe n(ex nnnnnnn-
aninon o(noo(noc+n ncnxnnecioio n qn:n-
necioio oni+a o6o:nanae+ ionnei+nnn:x iai
6a:ncnin nnnnnn xnononnxannx none+a-
na+a n no+nnoc+on+ nn(nnn(yannc+nnecio-
xy connaninoxy oni+y 6yya:nn, ocnonon
io+ooio xnnxe+cx nnnnoe x [3. C. 149153].
Hcroe noco coaemeuuocrs
#' 7/`2006
Onennnax coo+nomenne ixnnnoin+n-
nn:xa n xaicn:xa n ionnennnn A.A. Loi(a-
nona, xi xoex o+xe+n+i, n+o on o(none-
xenno n n axiax xaicn:xa n nne eio. Kon-
nennnx Loi(anona no xnoinx cnonx acnei+ax
ec+i .noiannnnoe qnnocoqc+nonanne, n
+o nexx e(ioe, no no n+oon nononnne XX
n. c(enanmeecx (oc+a+onno o6innix n no-
xnnnmee ce6x n a:nnnnix cone+annxx: xai-
cn:x n ii:nc+ennnann:x, xaicn:x n qen-
(n:x, xaicn:x n c+yi+yann:x, xaicn:x
n qenoxenonoinx n +. n. uyn(axen+aninoe
(nx Loi(anona nonx+ne oiann:annn, nonno-
maxci o(nonexenno n (nyx nnoc+acxx n iai
ia+eionx in+nin oni+a, n iai o6o6ma-
mmee one(enenne connanino-nc+onnecion
(ex+eninoc+n nenoneia, nn(ae+ a:(noen-
noxy +eoe+nneciox co:nannm xicnn+enx
n:nec+nym nenoc+noc+i n cnyn+ iai 6i qo-
iycox, n io+oox cxo(x+cx nnnnn eio qnno-
coqc+nonannx [4. C. 557].
3nannxym oni n ionnennnn A.A. Loi(a-
nona niae+ nonx+ne iyni+ya. Ono no:nn-
iae+ nn neexo(e o+ nceo6mnx nnnnnnon
oiann:annn, o+aammnx c+yi+ynoc+i
xno:(annx, i ynox(onnnammen, nce oiann-
:ymmen (ex+eninoc+n nenoneia. Kyni+ya n
(annon naa(nixe ec+i cnoco6i oiann:annn
+y(a, no:nana+eninon (ex+eninoc+n, n:nn.
J+n cnoco6i qoxnym+cx iynnixn conn-
aninixn ionnei+nnaxn, nannxe inacca-
xn n connaninixn iynnaxn. J+n cnoco6i
:aiennxm+cx iai nnnx+ie ncex o6mec+nox.
A.A. Loi(anon o+o(ec+nnxn connaninie
n iyni+ynie qoxi. B o6mec+ne yc+anannn-
nam+cx, iai on cnn+an, one(enennie n c+a-
6nninie cnx:n. y6nnia+ox i+nx cnx:en, nx
c+yi+ynixn ananoinxxn xnnxm+cx ximne-
nne, co:nanne, iyni+ya. A.A. Loi(anon no(-
neinnan: Bcxinn c+on+ xn no o6a:y n
no(o6nm cnoeio connaninoio oni+a [5. C.
22]. Pa:sxcnxe+ cnom no:nnnm an+o n +aion
nocne(ona+eninoc+n: 1) n nnnnnn:annxx (en-
noc+n 6inn nnmi an+on+anie o+nomennx
xe(y oiann:a+oaxn (nann+eni n nn-
nonnnin) n ncnonnn+enxxn (no(nnac+nin
nao(); iai cne(c+nne an+on+anin +nn
ximnennx, (nx io+ooio xaai+eno c+ex-
nenne nce o6sxcnn+i ncxo(x n: ai+nnno (en-
c+nymmen nnnnon nonn (6oion, xnonoio
(yxa n +. n.); 2) n iann+annc+nneciox o6me-
c+ne xi na6nm(aex anaxnm inonnix o+-
nomennn; iai cne(c+nne nn(nnn(yannc+n-
necinn +nn ximnennx, io+oin xaai+en-
:ye+cx +ex, n+o nce noncxo(xmee o6sxcnxe+-
cx ncxo(x n: nn:nannx cymec+nonannx 6e:-
nnnnix nxnea+nnon (n(en (onia, nanonon
noxi n +. n.); 3) n connannc+nneciox o6me-
c+ne xi nn(nx neo6na(anne +onanmecio-
io +nna co+y(nnnec+na; iai cne(c+nne ion-
nei+nnnc+cinn +nn ximnennx.
Konnei+nnnc+cinn +nn ximnennx qo-
xnye+ nonin +nn iyni+yi iyni+yy ion-
nei+nnnc+ciym. Ho en ne(mec+nye+ iyni+y-
a none+aciax, xnnxxci neo6xo(nxix oc-
nonannex (nx qoxnonannx ionnei+nnnc+-
cion iyni+yi. Lonee +oio, none+aciax
iyni+ya, no xnennm Loi(anona, (onna
ne(mec+nona+i n c+on+enic+ny connann:xa,
+ai iai +oniio ncxo(x n: ee oni+a xono
c+on+i connannc+nneciym (enc+nn+eni-
noc+i. B i+ox A.A. Loi(anon acxo(nncx c
no:nnnen B.H. ennna no (annoxy nonocy.
B cnx:n c +ainx nonnxannex iyni+yi
A.A. Loi(anon o+neian n(em neexc+nenno-
c+n iyni+ynix nennoc+en. Loi(anon cnn+an,
n+o nenxx iyni+ya xoe+ nnmi n:yna+i-
cx iai anaxonn:x, +ai iai ona ne nama,
ne nc+nnno ionnei+nnnc+ciax.
Co nexenex A.A. Loi(anon neexo(n+ i
noc+oennm nceo6men oiann:annonnon
nayin +ei+onoinn. Tei+onoinx, no xnennm
an+oa, (onna no6a+i n ce6x neci xn oni-
+a [6. C. 41]. B i+ox ona 6nn:ia qnnocoqnn,
no n o+nnnne o+ nocne(nen n nen 6onee no-
xnnxe+cx ixnnnnecinn xaai+e, a +aie
ncnoni:ym+cx iicnenxen+aninie xe+o(i
nccne(onannx. Tei+onoinx xnnxe+cx noc+qn-
nocoqnen, a:nnnammen qnnocoqnm na no-
nox yonne. Tei+onoinx n6nae+ n ce6x :na-
nnx, nonynennie ncexn nayiaxn, ona ec+i
ionennin e:yni+a+ a:nn+nx ncex :nannn n
nayi nenonenec+na.
Tei+onoinx (onna c+a+i n yiono(c+nox
i neo6a:onannm (enc+nn+eninoc+n. B ocno-
ne i+oio neo6a:onannx (onno nea+i ne-
o6a:onanne ncen no:nana+eninon (ex+enino-
c+n, +o ec+i neo(onenne n nenym onee(i nce
6onee noxnnxmmencx naynnon cnennann:a-
nnn. Ho(o6noe (onno ocymec+nnx+icx na
Karka H.H. 4nococke qe A.A. 5orqauoaa
$ 7/`2006
ocnone cqoxynnonannix +ei+onoinen o6-
mnx nonx+nn. Tei+onoionx cqoxnye+ n no-
nie o6mec+nennie o+nomennx, a nxenno no-
xoe+ ocymec+nn+i neexo( i nn+eianino-
xy connaninoxy yc+onc+ny, n io+oox qai-
+o neoiann:onannoc+n, o+aammnncx n
inacconon 6oi6e n +. n., 6y(e+ neo(onen.
Heo(onenne i+o 6y(e+ no:xonix n e:yni-
+a+e c+oion naynnon nnanoxenoc+n, oc-
nonannon na o6o6mennox nonnxannn oia-
nn:annonnix :a(an. Cnom ionnennnm A.A.
Loi(anon na:inan n(eonoinen conexenno-
io +exnnnecioio noiecca. Ho cy+n cnoen, na
nam n:inx(, ona xnnxe+cx nnxeox iannen
qoxi enonencioio annonann:xa.
Konnennnx connaninon nnenenn
Loi(anona, necxo+x na oqnnnaninym in-
+niy, nce e nnnneiana nnnxanne nnac+en
caxon n(een ionc+ynonannx o6mec+na no
one(enennix :aionax n nannnax. Ceio(-
nx xono nn(e+i n (yiym oneniy +eonn
A.A. Loi(anona, a nxenno: .n cyiy6o +eo-
e+nneciox nnane +ei+onoinx xoe+ ac-
cxa+nna+icx iai ne(nocxnmenne in6ene-
+nin, o6men +eonn cnc+ex, o+nac+n n cnne-
ie+nin [4, C. 557].
B o6mex inmne cnonx a:ximnennn
A.A. Loi(anon accxa+nnan noncxo(xmne
enonmnnonnie neo6a:onannx n Poccnn.
On cnn+an, n+o n Poccnn yc+anonnnaci ne +a
(ni+a+ya none+ana+a, o io+oon nncan
K. Maic, a nnac+i noennon (exoia+nn
(com: con(a+ n xnnn+an:onannix +y(o-
nix inexen+on), ocnonannax na ioxxynn:-
xe acne(enennx. J+o+ ny+i ne xnnxe+cx
noieccnnnix n nonnox cxicne cnona, +ai
iai on ne(e+ i nonon qoxe iann+ann:xa,
nn io+oon cqoxnye+cx nonax conn-
aninax inn+a n: naynnon n nnenenon nn-
+ennniennnn, a +aie ia(on, nome(mnx
miony iocy(ac+nennoio ynannennx. Hee-
xo( i nonon c+a(nn iann+ann:xa 6y(e+ co-
nono(a+icx ino6aninixn neexenaxn n
iionoxnie, nonn+nie, iyni+ye. Ly(ymee
6y(e+ one(enx+icx neexo(ox i iynnoxac-
m+a6noxy nnannonannm, n+o ni:one+ ne-
exeni n coo+nomennn xe(y iionoxnnec-
inx 6a:ncox n nonn+nnecion na(c+onion,
a nxenno nnac+nie qyninnn iocy(ac+na
c+any+ o(nonexenno c +ex iionoxnnecin-
xn qyninnxxn. Honie connaninie ycnonnx
nonneiy+ :a co6on n:xenennx n o6nnie no-
ne+ana+a, n qoxax eio n(eonoinn. Kac-
non nn+im n i+nx n:xenennxx 6y(e+ noxo-
(n+i c+exnenne i nn+eiannn a6onnx n
cymec+nymmym connaninym cnc+exy.
Paccy(ax +ainx o6a:ox, nce e A.A.
Loi(anon (o ionna nenn n n+oionym neni
nc+onnecioio noiecca connann:x, +ai
iai (nx nonon c+a(nn iann+ann:xa 6y(e+ xa-
ai+eno cne(ymmee: iann+ann:x ncnenae+
no+ennnan cnoeio a:nn+nx, a none+ana+
o6se(nnn+cx na ocnonannn cnoen iyni+yi
nceoiann:a+ocioio ionnei+nnn:xa, c+a-
ne+ caxnx co6on n naionen no6e(n+.
Bea n no6e(y connann:xa n xnonox n
ncenenciox xacm+a6e 6ina ncei(a cnonc+nen-
na A.A. Loi(anony. B cnoex :naxenn+ox o-
xane-y+onnn Kacnax :ne:(a Loi(anon nn-
can o +ox, n+o yc+anonnenne ncexnnoio co-
nnann:xa nen:6eno. Mo(enim noino:n-
yexoio 6y(ymeio c+anonn+cx xacnancioe
o6mec+no. B oxane cannnnam+cx (na a:-
nix +nna nnnnnn:annn: 1) :exnax, (nx io+o-
on cnonc+nenna ec+iax iann+annc+nneciax
inacconax 6oi6a, nonnax nonn n ia+ainn:-
xon; 2) xacnanciax, io+oax, no cy+n cnoen,
xnnxe+cx connannc+nnecion c naynno neneco-
o6a:non n nicoiooiann:onannon n:nim.
O+nnnn+eninon c+oonon xacnancion nnnn-
nn:annn xnnxe+cx nxenno cnn+e: connann:xa
n naynno-+exnnnecioio noiecca. Macnane
ncnoni:ym+ nce (ai nno(i, onn naynno
oiann:onann cnon +y(, n on o+nnnae+cx ni-
coion non:no(n+eninoc+im, a:a6o+ann
nnnnnni in6ene+nin.
Macnancioe o6mec+no nonnoc+im ocno-
6o(nnoci o+ ncex qox iocy(ac+nennoio
nacnnnx, yc+anonnno cno6o(y +y(a, (ano
no:xonoc+i nonnoc+im a:nnna+i cnoco6-
noc+n ia(oio nenoneia n (!) cqoxnonano
y ncex ia(an ionnei+nnnc+ciym xoani.
Macnane naynnnnci ynannx+i nno(on,
neo(onenn ncxiym :anncnxoc+i o+ nee.
Mn xacnan i+o xn connaninon ia-
xonnn, c+oni (onio on(aexin nenonene-
c+nox. Hy+i i enaexon iaxonnn enonm-
nnx. Hocne enonmnnn n xne xacnan ne+
nn iocy(ac+na, nn nann+enic+na, nn nnc+n-
+y+on nnny(ennx. Henonei ne no(annxe+cx
Hcroe noco coaemeuuocrs
$ 7/`2006
nniex n nnnex. Henonei caxoc+ox+enino ni-
6nae+ nn( +y(a, io+oix xone+ :ann-
xa+icx. Ty(onax (ex+eninoc+i a6conm+no
cno6o(na, nn i+ox +y( ec+i .ec+ec+nen-
nax no+e6noc+i ia(oio a:nn+oio connani-
noio nenoneia [7. C. 152]. Ty( (ae+ nenone-
iy nc+nnnoe +nonecioe nacna(enne.
Hnnnnn n(eaninoio o6men+nx xa-
cnan: nce o+nomennx ocnonani na nannnax
n :aionax naynnooiann:onannoio o6me-
c+na, nicoiax c+eneni oiann:annn nn(n-
nn(on, nceo6mee c+exnenne nn(nnn(on i
cnnxnnm n e(nnin +nonecinn ionnei+nn.
Mi nn(nx noxnnenne n ionnennnn n(eani-
noio o6mec+na n(en +ei+onoinn, io+oym
a:nnnan A.A. Loi(anon. On yia:inan, n+o
no(o6no +oxy iai n xne nno(i nonc-
xo(n+ o6se(nnenne inexen+on n cnc+exi,
+ai n n o6mec+ne (onno ocymec+nnx+icx
o6se(nnenne nn(nnn(yyxon n nicoiooia-
nn:onannie ionnei+nni. Konnei+nn no-
nx+ne, nee: io+ooe Loi(anon accxa+n-
nae+ caxie a:nnnnie acnei+i n:ne(ex-
+eninoc+n nenoneia. A.A. Loi(anon y+onnx-
e+: Konnei+nn n namex nonnxannn ec+i
nenoe xnoo+nomenne. He co:enanne, a
xnoo+nomenne, +. e. nai+nnecioe n +eo-
e+nnecioe o+nomenne i xny: nai+nnec-
inn n(ean n +eoe+nneciax n(ex.
H(ean ionnei+nna i+o o6se(nnennax,
iaxonnnecin-c+onnax, +onanmeciax oia-
nn:annx non:no(c+na n ncen +nonecion a-
6o+i nm(en. H(ex ionnei+nnn:xa coc+on+ n
+ox, n+o nc+nnnix (ex+enex +y(a n no:na-
nnx, nc+nnnix c+on+enex n:nn, 6onox co
c+nxnxxn n +annaxn nno(i xnnxe+cx ion-
nei+nn. nnnoc+i e ec+i inexen+ nnon +ia-
nn ionnei+nna, a n cnoen (ex+eninoc+n nac-
+nnnoe nonnomenne eio cnni [8. C. 1O7].
Ho cy+n, xacnancioe o6mec+no c+exn+-
cx no(nnnn+i n:ni nenoneia (no ncex ee no-
xnnennxx) n(eanino oiann:onannoxy ionnei-
+nny. Hnnex ionnei+nny ceio(nxmneio (nx.
Bneamnnn (eni nnioxy ne nn+eecen. Mn
xacnan xn 6e: naxx+n, 6e: nomnoio:
Hxx ia(oio coxanxe+cx (o +ex no, noia
nni +e, i+o nn c nnx n :nae+ eio. Ho neno-
nenec+ny ne nyen xe+nin cnxnon nnnnoc+n,
ioi(a ee ye ne+. Lannac+ nxen nomnoio
6ecnone:en (nx naxx+n nenonenec+na [7. C.
123]. Lecnone:en 6annac+ nxen 6ecnone:no
nomnoe. Taie(nx n:nn i+o ioi(a neno:-
xono cnn+icx noe(nno c ionnei+nnox ceio(-
nxmneio (nx. Lece(yx c :exnxnaxn, xacnan-
ia Jnno ionon+ c xnnix 6ecnoionc+nox: H
a:ne ne no:nniae+ iny6oinx no+nnoennn
n:nn n: caxoio 6eccnnnx cnn+icx c i+nx ne-
nix (ionnei+nnox. .), nnonne ac+non+i
n nex cnoe co:nanne n oxna+n+i eio cnonx co-
:nannex [7. C. 122]. Mi nn(nx ne n+o nnoe,
iai iyni+ ionnei+nnnoio.
Hn nc+ene c ieoxxn oxana A.A. Loi-
(anona omymaemi c+annoe nync+no: onncan
xn 6e: ixonnn, 6e: nync+n, nce cnnmiox a-
nnonann:nonano, a no cy+n xe+no. Pa-
nnonanino oiann:onannoe o6mec+no ne(-
c+ae+ iai xe+nax cxexa, cnc+exa, n io+oon
ia(in nenonei o6e+ae+ cnoe xec+o n :na-
nenne, ncxo(x +oniio n: no+e6noc+en caxon
i+on cnc+exi. Cnc+exnoc+i o6mec+na 6y(y-
meio ni+ae+cx oxna+n+i co6on neci xn, ncm
Bcenennym, yna:(nnn nnn noino+nn +e conn-
aninie oiann:xi, io+oie oia:annci xye
nnn cna6ee oiann:onannixn [9. C. 95]. H
i+a onenia (oc+a+onno nena.
H(ex a6conm+noio nnon+e+a ionnei+n-
na n annonaninoc+n acnoc+anxe+cx na nce
n ncex, nannxe na nonecc nocnn+annx
xono(en. Bce (e+n nocnn+inam+cx no e(n-
non cxexe n cnennann:nonannix yne(enn-
xx. Bce a6conm+no ynnqnnnonano: o(nnaio-
nax o(e(a, o(nnaionax e(a, o(nnaionie na-
nnna none(ennx, o(nnaionie xicnn.
Onncannax cnc+exa nennoc+en n noinia
accy(ennn A.A. Loi(anona nnoni n nnoni
non+oxe+cx n eio connnennxx. Hannxe, on
nnme+: .Koi(a connannc+nnecioe o6mec+no
cnon+cx n neenocnn+ae+ nm(en, ioi(a n nex
ncne:ny+ neen+in neno(a connaninix
no+nnoennn, co:(ac+cx nnoe e(nnc+no,
o6mne (nx ncex nenn a:nn+nx cnni n cnac-
+ix. nn +oec+ne ionennon :a(ann n e-
aninox e(nnc+ne iyni+yi, o6ecnennnammex
iny6oioe n:anxnoe nonnxanne nm(en no nm-
6oxy nac+no-nai+nnecioxy nonocy, no:-
xono, 6y(e+ e(nnoinacne [1O. C. 3].
Ananoinnnie in+enn nnxenxe+ A.A.
Loi(anon n i onenie nciycc+na n oxane
Kacnax :ne:(a. Bce n:xexe+cx nnnnnnox
nai+nnecion none:noc+n.
Karka H.H. 4nococke qe A.A. 5orqauoaa
$ 7/`2006
Ho nce e, necxo+x na nce noc+oin o+
onncannoio o6mec+nennoio yc+onc+na, A.A.
Loi(anon nync+nye+, n+o i+a cxexa +an+ n ce6e
no+nnoennx. He cnynanno ieon (:exnxnnn
eonn() y6nnae+ xa+exa+nia C+enn, io+o-
in ne(naian ynnn+on+i ncex :exnxn n :a-
cenn+i 3exnm xacnanaxn iai 6onee a:nn-
+on nnnnnn:annen. Ho cy+n, eonn( nc+yna-
e+ n ionqnni+ c o6mec+nox, io+ooe (o +ex
no cnn+an n(eaninix. Ho(no(x n+oin nce-
xy non:ome(mexy, eonn( ionon+ o +ox,
n+o ne6inanne n i+ox cnac+nnnox xacnan-
ciox xne nnneno i a:ymennm eio (ymen-
nix cnn ncne(c+nne conniocnonennx c +on
iyni+yon, n io+oym on +ai ioxno xo+en
non+n ncex cnonx cymec+nox, no io+oax
ni:nana o++oenne. H i+o :anemenne o-
xana noia:a+enino.
A.A. Loi(anon nocnnnnxan cnoe nexx
iai nexx ino6aninix +ancqoxannn caxo-
co:nannx nceio nenonenec+na, neni io+oix
enonmnnonnoe neo6a:onanne o6mec+na n
ximnennx. Co ncex aox ce(na on nncan:
Ce(n ian(no:nix +exnnnecinx n naynnix
Cuucok ucuousonauuo uu1epa1ypm:
1. La:aon B. Loioncia+enic+no n 6oioc+on+enic+no // Bemnni. Kn. 1. CH6., 19O9.
2. Loi(anon A.A. Bea n nayia (o innie B. Hninna Ma+enann:x n ixnnnoin+nnn:x). M., 191O.
3. Loi(anon A.A. Jxnnnoxonn:x. CH6., 19O6. Kn. 3.
4. An(een A.. Jxnnnoxonn:x A.A. Loi(anona // Hc+onx yccion qnnocoqnn / Ho( e(. M.A. Macnnna n (. M.,
2OO1.
5. Loi(anon A.A. O none+acion iyni+ye. 19O41924. .; M., 1925.
6. Loi(anon A.A. Bceo6max oiann:annonnax nayia (+ei+onoinx). CH6., 1913. H. 1.
7. Loi(anon A.A. Kacnax :ne:(a (oxan-y+onnx) // Loi(anon A. A. Bonoci connann:xa. Pa6o+i annnx ne+. M., 199O.
8. Hen:nec+nin Loi(anon. M., 1995. Kn. 3.
9. Mxcnniona C.B. Kacnax :ne:(a A.A. Loi(anona: y+onnx nnn noino: 6y(ymeio o6mec+na' // Pycciax qnnocoqnx:
nc+onx, no6nexi, necnei+nni a:nn+nx. Ma+enani einonaninon naynno-+eoe+nnecion ionqeennnn / O+n. e(.
P.A. Lyxanon. Lia+enn6yi, 2OO4.
1O. Loi(anon A.A. Ha(enne nennioio qe+nmn:xa (Conexennin in:nc n(eonoinn). M., 191O.
neenoo+on, ce(n ec+oion connaninon
6oi6i noncxo(n+ ne:axe+no (nx 6onimnn-
c+na namnx conexennnion +o+ iny6onanmnn
n caxin o6mnn in:nc n(eonoinn, io+ooxy
ne+ no(o6noio n nomnox. J+o ne noc+ax
cxena c+aix n(eonoinnecinx qox nonixn,
iaiax na6nm(anaci n nennx in:ncax. He+,
i+o neo6a:onanne cymnoc+n n(eonoinn,
nceio ee n:nennoio c+oennx, :aionon ee
oiann:annn. H(eonoinx noo6me, n ee caxix
a:noo6a:nix n no+nnonononix noxnne-
nnxx, c+anonn+cx ne +ex, nex ona 6ina ani-
me, n i+a enonmnnx, xoe+ 6i+i, nan6onee
noa:n+enina n: ncex, no(io+onnxmmnx nonym
qa:y n:nn nenonenec+na [1O, C. 3].
Ceio(nx, accxa+nnax qnnocoqciym cn-
c+exy A.A. Loi(anona, xnoioe xi nocnnnn-
xaex xnno iai y+onn:x, no nce e, na nam
n:inx(, cne(ye+ noxnn+i, n+o n(en no(o6noio
y+onn:xa neann n ocnone +ex neo6a:ona-
nnn ((enc+nn+enino enonmnnonnix n a(n-
ianinix), io+oie neenna Poccnx n XX c+o-
ne+nn. O+a:nnnci i+n y+onnnecine n(en n na
a:nn+nn o+enec+nennon qnnocoqcion xicnn.
Hcroe noco coaemeuuocrs