Cu trc mng GSM

Mng GSM gm c 3 thnh phn, l trm di ng cung cp kh nng lin lc, h thng
trm gc iu khin kt ni v tuyn vi trm di ng v h thng mng c chc nng thc
hin chuyn mch cc cuc gi gia cc thu bao di ng.
Hnh 1 di y m t cu trc tng quan ca mng GSM. Cu trc ca mng GSM c th c
chia thnh ba phn. Trm di ng (Mobile Station) c ngi thu bao mang theo. H thng trm
gc ( Base Station Subsystem) iu khin kt ni v tuyn vi trm di ng. H thng mng
(Network Subsystem), vi b phn chnh l Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng (MSC), thc
hin vic chuyn mch cuc gi gia cc thu bao di ng v gia cc thu bao di ng vi thu
bao ca mng c nh. MSC cng thc hin cc chc nng qun l di ng. y khng v trung
tm vn hnh bo dng (OMC) vi chc nng m bo vn hnh v thit lp mng. Trm di ng
v h thng trm gc giao tip thng qua giao din Um, cn c gi l giao din khng gian hoc
kt ni v tuyn. H thng trm gc giao tip vi MSC qua giao din A.

Cu trc tng quan mng GSM
Trm di ng (MS) bao gm in thoi di ng v mt th thng minh xc thc thu bao (SIM). SIM
cung cp kh nng di ng c nhn, v th ngi s dng c th lp SIM vo bt c my in thoi
di ng GSM no truy nhp vo dch v ng k. Mi in thoi di ng c phn bit bi mt
s nhn dng in thoi di ng IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity). Card SIM cha mt
s nhn dng thu bao di ng IMSI (International Subcriber Identity) h thng nhn dng thu
bao, mt mt m xc thc v cc thng tin khc. IMEI v IMSI hon ton c lp vi nhau
m bo tnh di ng c nhn. Card SIM c th chng vic s dng tri php bng mt khu hoc
s nhn dng c nhn (PIN).
H thng trm gc gm c hai phn Trm thu pht gc (BTS) v Trm iu khin gc (BSC). Hai
phn ny giao tip vi nhau qua giao din Abis, cho php cc thit b ca cc nh cung cp khc
nhau c th "bt tay" nhau c.
Trm thu pht gc c b thu pht v tuyn xc nh mt (cell) v thit lp giao thc kt ni v
tuyn vi trm di ng. Trong mt khu th ln th s lng BTS cn lp t s rt ln. V th, yu
cu i vi trm BTS l chc chn, n inh, c th di chuyn c v gi thnh ti thiu.
Trm iu khin gc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn cho mt hoc vi trm BTS. N thc hin thit lp
knh v tuyn, phn b tn s, v chuyn vng. BSC l kt ni gia trm di ng v tng i
chuyn mch di ng MSC.
Thnh phn trung tm ca h thng mng l tng i chuyn mch di ng MSC. N hot ng
ging nh mt tng i chuyn mch PSTN hoc ISDN thng thng, v cung cp tt c cc chc
nng cn thit cho mt thu bao di ng nh: ng k, xc thc, cp nht v tr, chuyn vng, nh
tuyn cuc gi ti mt thu bao roaming (chuyn vng). MSC cung cp kt ni n mng c nh (
PSTN hoc ISDN). Bo hiu gia cc thnh phn chc nng trong h thng mng s dng H
thng bo hiu s 7 (SS7).
B ghi a ch thng tr (HLR) v B ghi a ch tm tr (VLR) cng vi tng i chuyn mch di
ng MSC cung cp kh nng nh tuyn cuc gi v roaming cho GSM. HLR bao gm tt c cc
thng tin qun tr cho cc thu bao c ng k ca mng GSM, cng vi v tr hin ti ca thu
bao. V tr ca thu bao thng di dng a ch bo hiu ca VLR tng ng vi trm di ng.
Ch c mt HLR logic cho ton b mng GSM mc d n c th c trin khai di dng c s d
liu phn b.
B ghi a ch tm tr (VLR) bao gm cc thng tin qun tr c la chn t HLR, cn thit cho
iu khin cuc gi v cung cp dch v thu bao, cho cc di ng hin ang v tr m n qun l.
Mc du cc chc nng ny c th c trin khai cc thit b c lp nhng tt c cc nh sn
xut tng i u kt hp VLR vo MSC, v th vic iu khin vng a l ca MSC tng ng vi
ca VLR nn n gin c bo hiu. Ch rng MSC khng cha thng tin v trm di ng c
th- thng tin ny c cha b ghi a ch..
C hai b ghi khc c s dng cho mc nh xc thc v an ninh . B ghi nhn dng thit b
(EIR) l mt c s d liu cha mt danh sch ca tt c cc my in di dng hp l trn mng
vi mi my in thoi c phn bit bi s IMEI. Mt IMEI b nh du l khng hp l nu n
c bo l b mt cp hoc c kiu khng tng thch. Trung tm xc thc (AuC) l mt c s d
liu bo v cha bn sao cc kho bo mt ca mi card SIM, c dng xc thc v m ho
trn knh v tuyn.

GSM Network
Posted by phuocpt on Wednesday, January 27, 2010 Under: Telecom
hiu r mng GSM, theo th t phi tm hiu cc phn sau:
Cc thnh phn trong mng GSM.
Cc giao din.
Cc s nhn dng.
Traffic cases.
Radio Network.
Core Network.

Trc ht ta tm hiu cc thnh phn trong mng GSM:



M hnh mng GSM chia lm 3 phn h chnh:
Mobile Station (MS).
Base Station Subsystem (BSS).
Network Switching Subsystem (NSS).

Mobile Station:
L ci in thoi di ng quen thuc khng th thiu ca chng ta, tt nhin c gn thm c sim
na. Mi ci in thoi di ng s c mt s IMEI duy nht gip cc nh mng d qun l cc thu
bao ca mnh hn. V d mt ci in thoi n cp s khng s dng c, hay hn ch mt s tnh
nng ca mt s in thoi m nh mng bn km theo gi cam kt. Hin ti th s IMEI ny cha
c cc nh mng VN mnh s dng.
Sim = IMSI + Ki + MSISDN
- IMSI (International Mobile Subcriber Indentity): S nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t, mi
SIM s c duy nht mt s ny trong phm vi quc t.
- Ki: Kha nhn thc, dng gii m ha thoi trong GSM.
- MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number): s thu bao di ng m mnh thng hay gi cho
nhau.

Base Station Subsystem:
Phn h ny chia lm 2 node chnh l: BTS (Base Transceiver Station) v BSC (Base Station
Controllers). Thng s c thm mt thnh phn na l TRAU lm nhim v chuyn i tc t
13Kb/s thnh 64Kb/s. TRAU c th nm BTS hoc BSC ty vo truyn dn t BTS -> BSC ->
MSC l quang hay in.
Mc ch ca BTS l cung cp v qun l ti nguyn (tn s) cho MS. Mi mt BTS s c mt tn
s nht nh c qun l bi BSC. Hai BTS gn nhau s c tn s khc nhau (chng nhiu). Mi
tn s li c chia thnh 8 khe thi gian. Mi khe c cp cho MS truyn tn hiu thoi +
data (GPRS).
Nhim v ca BSC: - n nh knh tn s cho cuc gi.
- duy tr cuc gi.
- gim st cht lng cuc gi.
- iu khin cng sut gia BTS v MS.
- tin hnh chuyn giao gia cc cell khi co yu cu.