By Colin Caprani

Procedure for the calculation of deflection to EC2

1. Calculate E
c,ef
:
E
c,ef
= E
cm
/ (1 + )
Where: = creep coefficient from table (p154 of Mosley & Bungey)
E
cm
= 9.5 (f
ck
+ 8)

2. Calculate the modular ratio, m
m = E
s
/ E
c,ef

3. Calculate the uncracked section properties:
Depth to the neutral axis, x
u
:
x
u
= (Area moments) / (Area)

Where: Area moments = (m 1)A
sc
d + (m 1)A
s
d + bh
2
/ 2
Area = (m 1)A
sc
+ (m 1)A
s
+ bh
The uncracked second moment of area, I
u
:
I
u
= I
u,conc
+ I
u, asc
+ I
u,as


Where: I
u,conc
= bh
3
/ 12 + bh(x
u
h / 2)
2

I
u, asc
= (m 1)A
sc
(x
u
d)
2

I
u,as
= (m 1)A
s
(d x
u
)
2

4. Calculate the cracking moment M
cr
:
M
cr
= f
ct
I
u
/ (h - x
u
)

5. Calculate the stress in the tension steel just as the beam cracks, f
sr
:
f
sr
= m M
cr
(d x
u
) / I
u

6. Calculate the cracked section properties:
Depth to the neutral axis, x
c
:
x
c
= [-b
eq
+ (b
eq
4ac)
0.5
] / 2a


By Colin Caprani
Where: a = b / 2
b
eq
= (m 1)A
sc
+ mA
s
c = - [ (m -1)A
sc
d + mA
s
d ]

The cracked second moment of area, I
c
:
I
c
= I
c,conc
+ I
c, asc
+ I
c,as


Where: I
c,conc
= bx
c
3
/ 3
I
c, asc
= (m 1)A
sc
(x
c
d)
2

I
c,as
= mA
s
(d x
c
)
2

7. Calculate the maximum stress in the tension steel in the cracked section, f
s
:
f
s
= m M
max
(d x
c
) / I
c

Where: M
max
= w
s
l
2
/ 8
w
s
= total service load on the beam

8. Calculate the tension stiffening factor, :
= 1
1

2
(f
sr
/ f
s
)
2

Where:
1
= bond coefficient
= 1 for deformed bars
= 0.5 for plain bars

Where:
2
= load duration factor
= 1 for short term loads
= 0.5 for sustained or cyclic loads

9. Calculate the final deflection,
fin
, which must be < span / 250:

fin
=
c
+ (1 )
u

Where:
u
= 5 w
s
l
4
/ [ 384 E
c,ef
I
u
]

c
= 5 w
s
l
4
/ [ 384 E
c,ef
I
c
]






By Colin Caprani





















































b
h d
A
s

A
sc

d
A
c

(m -1)A
sc

(m -1)A
sc

A
c

(m -1)A
sc

mA
sc

N A
A N
x
u

x
c

RC BEAM GENERAL FORM
RC BEAM: CRACKED
TRANSFORMED SECTION
RC BEAM: UNCRACKED
TRANSFORMED SECTION
DEFLECTION
BEHAVIOUR
OF RC BEAM