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  • Aliphatic Organic Chemistry Mindmap

    Загружено:

    Liu Ruoyang
    797 просмотров1 страница
    1) Alkanes can be converted to alkenes via dehydrohalogenation using heat or base. Alkenes undergo addition reactions such as halogenation and hydrogenation. 2) Alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes can be further oxidized to carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids undergo reactions such as acid chlorides formation, esterification, and acid-base hydrolysis. 3) Amines can be synthesized from nitriles or ammonolysis of halides. They undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution with acid chlorides. Iodoform test can identify tertiary amines.

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    Aliphatic Organic Chemistry Mindmap Use are your own risk

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    1) Alkanes can be converted to alkenes via dehydrohalogenation using heat or base. Alkenes undergo addition reactions such as halogenation and hydrogenation. 2) Alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes can be further oxidized to carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids undergo reactions such as acid chlorides formation, esterification, and acid-base hydrolysis. 3) Amines can be synthesized from nitriles or ammonolysis of halides. They undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution with acid chlorides. Iodoform test can identify tertiary amines.

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    797 просмотров1 страница

    Aliphatic Organic Chemistry Mindmap

    Загружено:

    Liu Ruoyang
    1) Alkanes can be converted to alkenes via dehydrohalogenation using heat or base. Alkenes undergo addition reactions such as halogenation and hydrogenation. 2) Alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes can be further oxidized to carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids undergo reactions such as acid chlorides formation, esterification, and acid-base hydrolysis. 3) Amines can be synthesized from nitriles or ammonolysis of halides. They undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution with acid chlorides. Iodoform test can identify tertiary amines.

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 1

    nh06

    Alkane
    Alkene
    Reduction
    H2/Ni
    Halogenoalkane
    (Alkyl Halides)
    FRS
    UV, X2
    A
    HX(!)
    li"ination
    #$H (alc)
    Vicinal Dihalide
    Alcohol
    NS (SN%/SN2)
    #$H (a&), heat
    Alkyl Hydrogensulphate(VI)
    A
    cold, conc H2S$'
    Hyd(olysis
    H2$, )a("
    A
    X2/**l'
    Halohydrin
    A
    X2 (a&)
    Diol
    +ild o,idation
    cold, alkaline #+n$'
    Polymer
    Addition -oly"e(isation
    $2, heat
    Su.stitution
    /(y HX/0nX2, (e1lu,
    $R2 S$*l2 (3y(idine)
    $R2 -X4 / -X5, (e1lu,
    /ehyd(ation
    e, conc H2S$', %60*
    Nitrile
    NS / Ste3 u3 R,n
    #*N (alc), heat
    Amine
    7R8
    NS
    e,cess conc NH4,
    sealed tu.e, ethanol, (e1lu,
    Carboxylic Acid
    Acid alt
    9asic hyd(olysis
    Na$H(a&), heat
    Acidic hyd(olysis
    H*l(a&), heat
    Acidi1ication
    H*l(a&)
    Alkoxide
    Acid:+etal R,n
    Na(s)
    !ther
    NS
    conc H2S$', %'0*
    Aldehyde
    $,idation
    #2*(2$6(a&)/H2S$'(a&)
    heat, i""ediate distill
    n
    "etone
    7$8
    Iodo#orm
    ;odo1o(" <est
    ;2(a&)/Na$H(a&)
    heat
    ;2, $H
    :
    == H2$, ;
    >
    %222, 4'44, '655
    7R8
    7R8
    2,':/N-H
    $%&'dinitrophenylhydra(one
    2,':/N-H
    N$2 N N
    H
    H
    H
    $
    2
    N
    Alcohol
    !ster
    ste(i1ication
    conc H2S$'
    Acid Chloride
    ste(i1ication
    Nucleo3hilic
    Acyl Su.stitution
    S$*l2 (3y(idine)
    $R2 -X4 / -X5, (e1lu,
    Hyd(olysis
    )ate(
    Na(s)/Na$H(a&)/
    Na2*$4(a&)
    NA
    H*N )ith
    s"all a"ount o1
    #*N/.ase
    Cyanohydrin
    Amine
    7R8
    Carboxylic Acid
    Acid alt
    Acidic hyd(olysis
    9asic hyd(olysis
    Amide
    Nucleo3hilic Acyl Su.st
    n
    conc NH4/a"ine
    7R8
    H*l(a&)
    7R8
    !##ect o# Na)H(a*)
    on -henol2
    A($H(s) ? Na$H(a&) A($
    >
    Na
    ?
    (a*) ? H2$(l)
    on A"ine/A""oniu" Salt ? @a("2
    *H4NH4
    ?
    (a&) ? $H
    >
    (a&) *H4NH2(g) ? H2$(l)
    A(NH4
    ?
    (a&) ? $H
    >
    (a&) A(NH2(l) ? H2$(l)
    NH'
    ?
    (a&) ? $H
    >
    (a&) NH4(g) ? H2$(l)
    on A"ide, heat st(on!ly2
    *H4*$N(*H4)2 ? $H
    >
    (a&)
    *H4*$$
    >
    (a&) ? NH(*H4)2

    (g)
    Fehlin!As Solution
    R*H$ ? 2*u
    2?
    ? 5$H
    >
    R*$$
    >
    ? *u2$ ? 4H2$
    <ollenAs Rea!ent
    R*H$ ? 2A!(NH4)2
    ?
    ? 4$H
    >
    R*$$
    >
    ? 2A! ? 2H2$ ? 'NH4
    N$2 N N
    H
    $2N
    *
    R%
    R2
    o(an!e 33t
    (ed 33t
    silBe( "i((o(
    Important Distinguishing +ests
    $VRV;@ : AC;-HA<;* $RDAN;* *H+;S<RE
    FcleaBes
    dou.le
    .ondF
    St(on! o,idation
    hot, acidi1ied #+n$', heat
    o(an!e 33t
    2,':/N-Hyd(aGone
    *H;4 (yello) 33t)

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