5

10
, 15
P a t e n t e d D e c . 5 , 19 2 2 .
MTED ' s m a ' r a s v
1, 4 3 1, 7 15
P ATENT OFFICE.
HERMANN P L AU S Ol IL - OF HAMBU RG, GERMANY.
EXTRACTION or FU S IBL E c oMBU s ' r IBL n s s oon a s m our n }: wa x.
Ho D r a wi n g .
To a l l whom i t m a y c on c e r n : '
Be i t kn own t ha t I, HERMANN P L AU s oN,
Es t hon i a n s ub j e c t , r e s i d i n g a t Ha m b ur g ,
Ge r m a n y, ha v e i n v e n t e d c e r t a i n n e w a n d
us e f ul Im p r ov e m e n t s i n Ext r a c t i on of Fus i
b l e Com b us t i b l e s S uc h a s Mon t a n Wa x, of
whi c h t he f ol l owi n g i s a s p e c i ? c a t i on .
Hi t he r t o a wa x whi c h wi l l b e t e r m e d
Mon t a n wa x f or b r e v i t y ha s b e e n ob t a i n e d
b y e xt r a c t i on f r om b i t um i n ous b r own c oa l
or l i g n i t e b y t r e a t i n g t he c r ud e c oa l a s i t
c om e s , = ' f r om 1 t he m i n e , a t ' ? t e r p r e l i m i n a r y
d r yi n g t o a wa t e r c on t e n t of 10 t o 2 0%, wi t h
or g a n i c b i t um e n - s ol v e n t hyd r oc a r b on s or
d e r i v a t i v e s s uc h a s p yr i d i n e , _ b e n z e n e , b e n
" z i n e or t he l i ke wi t h or i wi t hout , p r e s s ur e ,
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
a n d t he s ol ut i on ha s b e e n c on c e n t r a t e d b y
d i s t i l l a t i on of t he s ol v e n t .
Thi s p r oc e s s r e q ui r e s t he us e of l a r g e
q ua n t i t i e s of b e n z e n e or ot he r or g a n i c s ol
v e n t wi t h c on s e q ue n t g r e a t d a n g e r of ? r e
a n d t he p r oc e s s i s e xp e n s i v e on a c c oun t of
t he hi g h c os t of t he s ol v e n t , e s p e c i a l l y 1n _
v i e w of t he 5 t o 10% l os s whi c h oc c ur s
t hr oug h i t s v ol a t i l i t y.
Exp e r i m e n t s t o e xt r a c t m oi s t b i t um i n ous
c oa l d i r e c t ha v e b e e n un s uc c e s s f ul i n p r a c
t i c e s i n c e t he l os s e s of or g a n i c s ol v e n t ha v e
b e e n s t i l l g r e a t e r . - v "
The p r e s e n t i n v e n t i on p r ov i d e s - a p r oc e s s
on n e w l i n e s i n whi c h t he e xt r a c t i on c a n
b e p e r f or m e d e i t he r wi t hout or g a n i c s ol
v e n t s a t a l l or us i n g on l yv e r y s m a l l q ua n - ,
t i t i e s t he r e of . v
It ha s b e e n f oun d t ha t un d e r c e r t a i n c on
d i t i on s , t he e xt r a c t i on of Mon t a n wa x f r om
b i t um i n ous c oa l or l i g n i t e i s p os s i b l e b y us
i n g wa t e r i n p r e s e n c e or a b s e n c e of s m a l l
q ua n t i t i e s of s ol v e n t It ha s f ur t he r b e e n
d e m on s t r a t e d t ha t i f b r own c oa l i n - t he m oi s t
- s t a t e a s i t c om e s f r om t he m i n e i s s ub j e c t e d
t o i n t e n s i v e m e c ha n i c a l d i s i n t e g r a t i on a t
hi g h s p e e d , p r e f e r a b l y i n p r e s e n c e of ; s m a l l
q ua n t i t i e s of e m ul s i f yi n g a g e n t s s uc h a s _ 1
t o 10% of c a us t i c a l ka l i , l ys a l b i n i c or : p r o-
t a l b i n i c a c i d or a l ka l i p r ot e i n c om p oun d s ,
e t c . , . or s ol v e n t s s uc h, a s b e n z e n e , b e n z i n e ,
p yr i d i n e , a c e t on e , a l c ohol , e t c . , t he whol e of
t he b i t um i n ous c on s t i t ue n t s c a n b e e m ul s i - i
? e d . S uc h t r e a t m e n t i s p r e f e r a b l y e f f e c t e d
i n a hi g h s p e e d d i s i n t e g r a t or of t he t yp e
ha v i n g b e a t e r a r m s whi c h r ot a t e a t a p e r i p h
e r a l v e l oc i t y of 2 000 m e t r e s p e r m i n ut e , f or
e xa m p l e t he c ol l oi d m i l l d GS CI' i b Bd s l Il m y
c o- p e n d i n g a p p l i c a t i on , S e r i a l No. 4 3 7 , 117 ,
? l e d J a n . 13 t h, 19 2 1 ( Ca s e 14 ) . It ha s
Ap p l i c a t i on ? l e d J a n ua r y 13 , 19 2 1. S e r i a l No. 4 3 7 , 12 1.
f ur t he r b e e n d e m on s t r a t e d t ha t s uc h e m ul - .
s i on s ob t a i n e d b y d i s p e r s i on or m or e c or
r e c t l y t he b i t um e n a r t i c l e s oc c ur r i n g t he r e .
i n - i n t he d i s p e r s e d ) s t a t e , c a n b e s e p a r a t e d
f r om c oa r s e s a n d a n d c oa l b y d i r e c t ? l t r a
t i on . The p ur e d i s p e r s i on c on t a i n i n g n o
c oa r s e p r e c i p i t a t e c a n t he n b e t r e a t e d wi t h >
s m a l l q ua n t i t i e s of e l e c t r ol yt e s uc h a s s a l t s
or a c i d s a n d a l l owe d t o s t a n d i n s ui t a b l e
hi g h t owe r s f or t he p ur p os e of s e d i m e n t a
t i on . - -
65
. It ha s b e e n - f oun d b y ob s e r v a t i on t ha t t he - '
c ol l oi d a l b i t um e n t he n c om p l e t e l y d e p os i t s
l e a v i n g a n up p e r c l e a r l a ye r of wa t e r c on
t a i n i n g a l l t he wa t e r - s ol ub l e c on s t i t ue n t s ,
whe n t he wa t e r c a n b e s e p a r a t e d b y d e c a n
7 0
t a t i on or , i n ot he r kn own wa ys f r om t he y'
( l owe r p a s t e c on t a i n i n g Mon t a r i wa x; i f l a r g e
q ua n t i t i e s of s a l t a r e p r e s e n t i n t he wa t e r
t he y c a n b e r e c ov e r e d b y e v a p or a t i on . _
The t hi c k b i t um i n ous m ud c a n b e wor ke d
up i n t o Mon t a n wa x i n s e v e r a l wa ys . .
( a ) v , By t he a d d i t i on of 10 t o 3 0% of s ol - e
" v e n t f or Mon t a n wa x a n d he a t i n g t o 110
t o 13 0 Cwwhe n t wo l a ye r s a r e f or m e d , of
whi c h t he up p e r l a ye r c on s i s t s of Mon t a n
7 5
80
wa x a n d s ol v e n t , ha v i n g a s p e c i ? c g r a v i t y _
l i g ht e r t ha n t he wa t e r c on t a i n i n g t he c oa l .
( b ) By d i s t i l l a t i on of t he we t m ud p r e f - v
e r a b l y i n hi g h v a c uo wi t h s up e r he a t e d v a
p our s of hyd r oc a r b on s a l on e a n d / or wi t h
s up e r he a t e d s t e a m .
" ( a ) By s a l t i n g out t he Mon t a n wa x wi t h
c on c e n t r a t e d s a l t s ol ut i on s or e l e c t r ol yt e s of
t he hi g he s t p os s i b l e s p e c i ? c g r a v i t y. -
It ha s hi t he r t o b e e n p r op os e d t o e xt r a c t
Mon t a n wa x f r om c oa l :b y t r e a t m e n t a n
85
9 o
s t e a m or b y e xt r a c t i on . In t he s t e a m p r oc - ? v
e s s t he s o- c a l l e d s ul p hur c oa l i s ' c oke d b y
s up e r he a t e d s t e a m a t 2 5 0 C. wi t h f a i r l y
he a v y ? r i n g . ' y .
. Ac c or d i n g t o t he p r e s e n t i n v e n t i on , how
e v e r , t l f e s e s t e p s a r e e m p l oye d i n c om b i .
n a t i on wi t h t he n ov e l e m ul s i ? c a t i on or d i s
p e r s i on s t e p - whi c h i s , e s s e n t i a l f or t he p ur
p os e b f t he i n v e n t i on . . No c oki n g t a ke s
p l a c e b ut t he s e p a r a t i on of t he b i t um e n f r om
t he c oa l d e p e n d s on t he n ov e l d i s c ov e r y t ha t
i t i s p os s i b l e t o e m ul s i f y or d i s p e r s e t he m i x
t ur e whi c h i s a q ui t e un e xp e c t e d r e s ul t . The
t he d i s a d v a n t a g e t ha t t he c oa l m us t b e ? r s t
d r i e d , whe n i t i s t r e a t e d wi t h b e n z i n e , s ol a r
oi l , e t c . Ext r a c t i on wi t h b e n z i n e ha s t he
d i s a d v a n t a g e of d a n g e r f r om ? r e a n d l os s
of s ol v e n t . Ac c or d i n g t o t he p r e s e n t ' p r oc
9 5
100
105
e xt r a c t i on p r oc e s s hi t he r t o e m p l oye d ha s Y
110
e s s , t he r e s ul t i s ob t a i n e d b y t r e a t m e n t d i r e c t
' wi t h wa t e r or b y us i n g s m a l l q ua n t i t i e s of
c a us t i c a l ka l i s , e t c . , s o t ha t t he b i t um e n c on
s t i t ue n t s a r e e m ul s i ? e d or d i s p e r s e d ; he n c e
t he r e i s c om p l e t e s a f e t y of t he whol e i n s t a l l a
. t i on a s r e g a r d s t he d a n g e r of ? r e , t he r e i s
15
2 0
2 5
3 0
86
a s a v i n g i n t ha t p r e l i m i n a r y d r yi n g i s un
n e c e s s a r y, a n d t he r e i s n o he a v y e xp e n d i t ur e
i n v ol v e d i n us i n g e xp e n s i v e s ol v e n t s ' s o t ha t
c on s i d e r a b l e a d v a n t a g e s a r e a t t a i n e d f or t he
e xt r a c t i on of Mon t a n wa x f r om b i t um i n ous
b r own c oa l .
It ha s b e e n p r op os e d hi t he r t o t o d i s t i l
c r ud e b r own c oa l b i t um e n he a t e d t o 3 00 C.
wi t h s t e a m s up e r he a t e d t o 2 5 0 C. S uc h a '
d i s t i l l a t e wa s d e c ol our i z e d a n d c on v e r t e d
i n t o p ur i ? e d Mon t a n wa x b y us i n g or g a n i c
s ol v e n t s . D i s t i l l a t i on i n t he p r e s e n t p r oc e s s
i s howe v e r e m p l oye d a s a s t e p f ol l owi n g t he
n ov e l e m ul s i ? c a t i on or d i s p e r s i on a n d t he
p r e s e n t i n v e n t i on f ur t he r p r ov i d e s n ov e l
m e t hod s of d i s t i l l a t i on , e . - g . , t he us e of
s up e r he a t e d v a p our s " of or g a n i c s ol v e n t s .
The d i s t i l l a t i on s t e p a s a p p l i e d a c c or d i n g t o
t he p r e s e n t i n v e n t i on i s p r e f e r a b l y e m p l oye d
wi t h s up e r he a t e d hyd r oc a r b on v a p our s
e i t he r a l on e or m i xe d wi t h s up e r he a t e d
s t e a m . Va c uum c a n b e e m p l oye 7 . In t hi s
wa y t he d i s t i l l a t i on " t e m p e r a t ur e i s l owe r e d
s o t ha t d e c om p os i t i on of t he wa x i s p r e
v e n t e d . Thi s p r oc e s s yi e l d s a p ur e Mon t a n
wa x whi c h ha s hi t he r t o b e e n i m p os s i b l e b y
d i s t i l l a t i on p r oc e s s e s .
Exa m p l e .
2 0 p a r t s of b i t um i n ous b r own c oa l i n t he
' m oi s t s t a t e a s ob t a i n e d f r om t he m i n e a r e
4 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
60
65
p r e l i m i n a r i l y g r oun d i n a m i l l or kol l e r a n g
a n d t he n d i l ut e d wi t h , 100 p a r t s of wa t e r
a n d c on t i n uous l y d i s i n t e g r a t e d i n a hi g h
s p e e d d i s i n t e g r a t or whi c h i s p r e f e r a b l y c on
n e c t e d b y a p um p wi t h a s t e a m - he a t e d a g i
t a t i n g v e s s e l p l a c e d ov e r t he d i s i n t e g r a t i or
s o t ha t t he p um p c a us e s a c on t i n uous c i r c u
l a t i on f r om t he d i s i n t e g r a t or t o t he he a t e d
r e s e r v oi r f r om whi c h t he l i q ui d , f l ows b y
g r a v i t y i n t o t he d i s i n t e g r a t or a g a i n . D ur
m g t hi s t i m e t he m i xt ur e i s he a t e d d i r e c t l y
or i n d i r e c t l y t hr oug h t he v a p our j a c ke t of
t he a g i t a t i n g v e s s e l t o 9 0 t o 110 C.
D l s m t e g r a t i on i s c on t i n ue d f or i n s t a n c e
f or f r om on e ha l f t o 3 hour s , d e p e n d i n g on
t he t yp e of c oa l a n d t he c on s t r uc t i on of t he "
d r s m t e g r a t or , t i l l a s a m p l e s hows t ha t a
d i s p e r s e s us p e n s i on ha s b e e n ob t a i n e d a n d
on l y c oa r s e p a r t s s uc h a s s a n d s e p a r a t e out .
yThe a q ue ous m i xt ur e of t he d i s p e r s e d b r own
c oa l a n d t he c r ud e Mon t a n wa x e m ul s i ? e d
; b y hot wa t e r i s ? l t e r e d b y a s ui t a b l e ? l t e r
r e s s wi t h c oa r s e ? l t e r c l ot h. ' The c r ud e
on t a n wa x t og e t he r wi t h t he ? n e l y d i s
p e r s e d b r own c oa l r un s t hr oug h t he c l ot h
l e a v i n g s a n d a n d ot he r c oa r s e m a t e r i a l s on
' t he c l ot h. .
The ? l t e r e d e m ul s i on of b r own c oa l a n d
1, 4 3 7 , 7 7 5
b i t um e n i s a l l owe d t o s t a n d q ui e t l y i n t he
he a t e d s t a t e i n l a r g e v e s s e l s f or s e v e r a l hour s
s o t ha t t he whol e of t he ? n e l y d i s p e r s e d
c ol l oi d a l s ub s t a n c e s s e p a r a t e out . By we a k
a c i d i ? c a t i on , e . g . , wi t h 0. 1 t o 3 % of a . s t r on g
a c i d , t he t i m e of s e t t l i n g c a n b e c on s i d e r a b l y
s hor t e n e d a n d a c om p l e t e l y c l e a r wa t e r s o
l ut i on t he n r e m a i n s . Thi s i s d r a wn of f a n d
t he m ud d y p a r t i s ? l t e r e d a s we l l a s p os s i b l e
s o t ha t t he wa t e r s ol ub l e a c i d s a l t s a r e r e
m ov e d .
The r e s i d ua l t hi c k m ud v c a n n ow b e - wor ke d
up t o c r ud e Mon t a n wa x i n v a r i ous wa ys a s
f ol l ows 2
( 1) 10 t o 3 0% of Mon t a n wa x s ol v e n t i s
a d d e d t o t he m ud a n d t he m i xt ur e i s he a t e d
i n a n a ut oc l a v e t o 110 t o 13 0 C. a n d a l l owe d
t o c ool s l owl y. On op e n i n g , t wo l a ye r s a r e
ob s e r v e d of whi c h t he up p e r c on s i s t s of c r ud e
Mon t a n wa x a n d t he or g a n i c s ol v e n t s a n d
t he l owe r of we t d i s p e r s e d c oa l of a l m os t
m ol e c ul a r ? n e n e s s . Thi s c a n b e us e d a s a
c ol our i n g m a t t e r a f t e r wa s hi n g a n d d r yi n g
or c a n b e wor ke d up i n t o b r i q ue t t e s - f or i n
s t a n c e b y a d d i n g s ul p hi t e c e l l ul os e l i q uor
a n d c om p r e s s i n g . . _
The r e i s a b out 15 t o' 2 0% of t he ? n e s t
b r own c oa l p r e s e n t i n t he up p e r l a ye r c on -
s i s t i n g of . c r ud e Mon t a n wa xI a n d t he s ol
v e n t . Thi s m i xt ur e c a n b e s ol d i n m a n y
c a s e s a s ood b i t um e n a f t e r d r i v i n g of f t he
s ol v e n t . y a f ur t he r t r e a t m e n t wi t h f ur
t he r q ua n t i t i e s of s ol v e n t , t he c r ud e Mon
t a n wa x i s c om p l e t e l y f r e e d f r om t hi s b r own
c oa l b y ? l t r a t i on . S ui t a b l e s ol v e n t s f or t he
p ur p os e a r e b e n z e n e a n d i t s hom ol og ue s , b e n
z i n e , a n i l i n e , q ui n ol i n e , a l c ohol s , a c e t on e a n d
t he c hl or i n a t e d hyd r oc a r b on s or m i xt ur e s of
t he s e l i q ui d s .
( 2 ) The ? l t e r e d c on c e n t r a t e d d i s p e r s e d b i
t um e n b r own c oa l . m ud c a n b e t r e a t e d t o
s e p a r a t e t he Mon t a n wa x f r om t he b r own
c oa l b y ? l t e r i n g of f or ot he wi s e s e p a r a t i n g
t he wa t e r a n d d i s t i l l i n g t he s ol i d s i n s up e r
he a t e d v a p our s of a s ol v e n t s uc h a s p e t r o
l e um , a n i l i n e , t ol ue n e , xyl e n e or b e n z e n e
e s p e c i a l l y i n _ v a c uo. S uc h a d i s t i l l a t i on n ot
on l y s e p a r a t e s t he c r ud e Mon t a n wa x f r om
t he c oa l , b ut a l s o e f f e c t s a r e ? n i n g . Af t e r
d r i v i n g o? t he d i s t i l l a t i on l i q ui d , t he p r od
uc t i s l i g ht ye l l ow, v e r y p ur e a n d p os s e s s e s
a m e l t i n g p oi n t b e t we e n 85 a n d 87 C. The
d i s t i l l a t i on c a n a l s o b e p e r f or m e d b y us i n g
t he a n i l i n e , p e t r ol e um , v or xyl e n e Va p our
wi t h s up e r he a t e d s t e a m . Thi s e f f e c t s a g ood
t r a n s f e r e n c e of he a t t o t he hyd r oc a r b on us e d
f or d i s t i l l a t i on a n d b y us i n g a n or g a n i c s ol
v e n t f or t he Mon t a n wa x, i t s s e p a r a t i on f r om
, c oa l a n d d i r t i s f a c i l i t a t e d whi l e t he d i s t i l l a
t i on c oe i i i c i e n t i s c on s i d e r a b l y i n c r e a s e d .
I . The c r ud e Mon t a n wa x c a n b e s e p a
r a t e d f r om t he d i s p e r s e d c oa l b y he a t i n g t he
c oa l a n d b i t um e n m ud wi t h t wi c e t o ? v e
t i m e s i t s a m oun t of n e ut r a l s a l t s ol ut i on a s
c on c e n t r a t e d a s p os s i b l e i n s ui t a b l e v e s s e l s
7 0
7 5
80
85
9 0
9 5
100
105
110
115
12 0
12 5
180
10
15
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
60
65
1, 4 3 7 , 7 7 0 I
f or s om e t i m e ( 3 t o 2 4 or m or e hour s ) t o 110
t o 13 0 C. p r e f e r a b l y un d e r p r e s s ur e . Thi s
s a l t s out or s e p a r a t e s out t he c r ud e Mon t a n
wa x whi c h c ol l e c t s on t he s ur f a c e . The l i q
ui d i s n ow a l l owe d t o c ool q ui e t l y. An up
p f r l a ye r of m or e or l e s s t hi c k c r us t of c r ud e
on t a n wa x i s f or m e d , a m i d d l e l a ye r of
a q ue ous s a l t s ol ut i on a n d ? n e c oa l m ud s e p
a r a t e s on t he b ot t om . If 1 t o 3 % of a hy
d r oc a r b on s ol v e n t f or Mon t a n wa x i s a d d e d
t o t he s a l t s ol ut i on t he p e r i od of s a l t i n g out
c a n b e ' c on s i d e r a b l y s hor t e n e d .
In s t e a d of s a l t i n g out t he b i t um e n m ud
wi t h a q ue ous s a l t s ol ut i on , t he s a m e e f f e c t
c a n b e ob t a i n e d b y he a t i n g wi t h t hos e or
g a n i c s ub s t a n c e s whi c h a r e s ol v e n t s f or Mon
t a n wa x whe n hot , f or i n s t a n c e n a p ht ha
l e n e or t he l i ke . -
The m a n uf a c t ur e of e m ul s i on s of d i s
p e r s e d c oa l a n d c r ud e Mon t a n wa x b y m e a n s
of wa t e r c a n b e c on s i d e r a b l y a s s i s t e d a n d a c
c e l e r a t e d b y t he a d d i t i on of d i s p e r s i on a c
c e l e r a t or s s uc h a s a l ka l i , s oa p s a n d d e c om
p os i t i on or i n t e r m e d i a t e p r od uc t s of p r o
t e i n s , p r ov i d e d t ha t t he s e d o n ot c oa g ul a t e
on he a t i n g . Or g l ut on a n d i t s d e c om p os i
t i on or i n t e r m e d i a t e p r od uc t s c a n b e a d d e d
or s ug a r i n s m a l l q ua n t i t i e s f r om 0. 1 t o 3 %;
t hi s a l s o r e d uc e s t he t e m p e r a t ur e n e c e s s a r y
f or he a t i n g .
Al t houg h t he us e of t he s e s ub s t a n c e s ha s
b e e n p r op os e d f or t he m a n uf a c t ur e of c ol
l oi d a l s ol ut i on s of v a r i ous ki n d s i t c oul d n ot
ha v e b e e n f or e s e e n t ha t t he y woul d b e us e
f ul f or t r a n s f or m i n g t he b r own c oa l i n t ot he
d i s p e r s e s t a t e a n d s i m ul t a n e ous l y e m ul s i f y
i n g c r ud e Mon t a n wa x s i n c e m a n y s ub s t a n c e s
a r e p r e s e n t i n b r own c oa l whi c h m i g ht b e
e xp e c t e d t o op p os e d i s p e r s i on .
The d i s p e r s i on i s a l s o a c c e l e r a t e d i f 1 t o
5 % of a s ol v e n t f or Mon t a n wa x i s a d d e d t o
t he e m ul s i f yi n g l i q ui d b e f or e d i s i n t e g r a t i on .
It c oul d n ot ha v e b e e n f or e s e e n t ha t s uc h
s m a l l q ua n t i t i e s of s ol v e n t woul d a c c e l e r
a t e t he d i s p e r s i on of b r own c oa l a n d t he
e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n wa x s i n c e i t i s
kn own t ha t s uc h hyd r oc a r b on s us ua l l y l os e
t he i r s ol v e n t p owe r b y e m ul s i ? c a t i on wi t h
wa t e r . ' In . s om e c a s e s i t ha s b e e n p os s i b l e
t o s e p a r a t e out t he c r ud e Mon t a n wa x d i
r e c t i f a f t e r t r e a t m e n t wi t h wa t e r s o m uc h
n e ut r a l s a l t i s a d d e d t ha t a c on c e n t r a t e d
s a l t s ol ut i on i s . f or m e d a n d t he n b y he a t i n g
- t o t he b oi l i n g p oi n t of t he s a l t s ol ut i on ,
t he Mon t a n wa x i s s e p a r a t e d out a n d
? l t e r e d . Ob v i ous l y t hi s op e r a t i on c a n b e
p e r f or m e d d i r e c t wi t h s uc h s a l t s ol ut i on s .
It wa s n ot kn own a n d i t c oul d n ot ' ha v e
b e e n f or e s e e n t ha t c r ud e Mon t a n wa x or
i n s om e c a s e s r e l a t i v e l y p ur e Mon t a n wa x
c oul d b e ob t a i n e d f r om b i t um i n ous . s ub
s t a n c e s b wa t e r or a q ue ous e m ul s i on wi t h
hyd r oc a r on s . Im p or t a n t f e a t ur e s of t he
i n v e n t i on a r e t he e m ul s i ? c a t i on wor t d i s
p e r s i on of t he r a w m a t e r i a l s b y d i s i n t e g r a - -
t i on wi t h hot wa t e r wi t h or wi t hout t he
a d d i t i on of a c c e l e r a t i n g a g e n t s s o a s t o ob
t a i n a ? n e l y d i s p e r s e d p r od uc t f r om whi c h
t he e m ul s i ? e d Mon t a n wa x c a n b e s a l t e d
out b y he a t i n g wi t h c on c e n t r a t e d s a l t s o
l ut i on s or s ol v e n t s or r e c ov e r e d b y d i r e c t
d i s t i l l a t i on wi t h s up e r he a t e d hyd r oc a r b on
v a p our s a l on e or m i xe d wi t h s t e a m a n d / or
i n v a c uo. _
i The s a m e r e s ul t s ha v e n ot b e e n ob t a i n e d
b y d i r e c t l y t r e a t i n g t he b r own c oa l wi t h
wa t e r wi t hout c on v e r s i on i n t o t he hi g hl y
d i s p e r s e d s t a t e . .
Whi l e t he i n v e n t i on ha s b e e n d e s c r i b e d
wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o t he t r e a t m e n t of b i t um i
n ous c oa l t o yi e l d a p r od uc t whi c h ha s b e e n
t e r m e d Mon t a n wa x, i t wi l l b e c l e a r t ha t
t he b r oa d f e a t ur e s of t he i n v e n t i on a r e a p
p l i c a b l e t o t he e xt r a c t i on of b i t um i n ous
or wa xy b od i e s f r om a n y s ui t a b l e r a w m a
t e r i a l s uc h a s b i t um e n f r om b i t um i n ous c oa l
or wa xy m a t e r i a l s f r om s ha l e s .
I d e c l a r e t ha t wha t I c l a i m i s :
- 1. P r oc e s s f or e xt r a c t i n g Mon t a n wa x
f r om b i t um i n ous e a r t hy m a t e r i a l whi c h i n !
c l ud e s t he s t e p of d i s p e r s i n g t he m a t e r i a l
wi t h a n on - s ol v e n t i n a hi g h s p e e d d i s i n
t e g r a t i on . .
2 . P r oc e s s f or e xt r a c t i n g Mon t a n wa x
f r om b i t um i n ous e a r t hy m a t e r i a l whi c h i n
c l ud e s t he s t e of e m ul s i f yi n g t he m a t e r i a l
wi t h a n on - s o v e n t .
3 . P r oc e s s of t r e a t i n g b i t um i n ous b r own
c oa l whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g a n
e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n wa x c on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h a n on - s ol v e n t .
7 5
80
85
9 0
9 5
100
4 . P r oc e s s of t r e a t i n g b i t um i n ous b r own v
c oa l whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g
a n e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n wa x c on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h wa t e r . I .
5 . P r oc e s s of t r e a t i n g b i t um i n ous b r own
c oa l whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g
a n e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n wa x c on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h wa t e r i n p r e s e n c e of s m a l l
q ua n t i t i e s of a n e m ul s i f yi n g a g e n t .
6. P r oc e s s of t r e a t i n g b i t um i n ous b r own
105
110
c oa l whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g
a n e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n wa x c on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h wa t e r i n p r e s e n c e of s m a l l
q ua n t i t i e s of a s ol v e n t .
7 . P r oc e s s . of t r e a t i n g b i t um i n ous b r own
c oa l whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g
a n e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n wa x c on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h hot wa t e r .
8. P r oc e s s of t r e a t i n g b i t um i n ous b r own
c oa l whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g
a n e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n wa x c on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h wa t e r a n d c oa g ul a t i n g t he s e p
a r a t e d e m ul s i on . _ '
9 . P r oc e s s of t r e a t i n g b i t um i n ous b r own
c oa l whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g
a n e m ul s i on - of t he Mon t a n wa xc on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h wa t e r a n d c oa g ul a t i n g t he s e p
a r a t e d e m ul s i on b y a n e l e c t r ol yt e .
10. P r oc e s s of t r e a t i n g b i t um i n ous b r own
115
12 0
12 5
13 0
15
c oa l whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g
a n e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n wa x c on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h wa t e r a n d t r e a t i n g t he e m ul
s i on wi t h a Wa x s ol v e n t .
11. P r oc e s s of t r e a t i n g b i t um i n ous b r own
c oa l whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g
a n e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n wa x c on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h wa t e r a n d d i s t i l l i n g t he wa x
i n a c ur r e n t of s up e r he a t e d s ol v e n t v ' a p our .
12 . P r oc e s s of t r e a t i n g b i t um i n ous b r own
c oa l whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g
a n e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n Wa x c on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h Wa t e r a n d d i s t i l l i n g t he wa x
i n a c ur r e n t of s up e r he a t e d s ol v e n t v a p our
a n d s up e r he a t e d s t e a m .
13 . P r oc e s s of t r e a t i n g b i t um i n ous b r own
c oa l whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g
1, 4 3 7 , 7 7 5
a n e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n wa x c on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h wa t e r a n d d i s t i l l i n g t he Wa x
i n a c ur r e n t of s up e r he a t e d s ol v e n t v a p our
un d e r r e d uc e d p r e s s ur e . _
14 . P r oc e s s of t r e a t i n g . r b i t um i n ous b r own
c oa l Whi c h i n c l ud e s t he s t e p of p r e p a r i n g
a n e m ul s i on of t he Mon t a n wa x c on t a i n e d
t he r e i n wi t h wa t e r a n d c oa g ul a t i n g t he
s e p a r a t e d e m ul s i on a t hi g h t e m p e r a t ur e t o
g i v e a l a ye r of m ol t e n wa x.
In wi t n e s s whe r e of , I ha v e he r e un t o
s i g n e d m y n a m e t hi s 3 0 d a y of D e c r . , 19 2 0,
i n t he p r e s e n c e of t wo s ub s c r i b i n g wi t n e s s e s .
HERMANN P L AU S ON.
Wi t n e s s e s :
J U L us - ARMS TRONG,
W. H. Bn Es ' r oN.
2 0
2 5
3 0