MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS

Third Edition
ANDREW S. TANENBAUM
Chapter 1
Introdution
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
What I! An Operatin" S#!te$ %1&
A $odern o$puter on!i!t! o'(
)
One or $ore proe!!or!
)
Main $e$or#
)
Di!*!
)
Printer!
)
+ariou! input,output de-ie!
Mana"in" a.. the!e o$ponent! re/uire! a .a#er o'
!o't0are 1 the operating system
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
What I! An Operatin" S#!te$ %2&
3i"ure 141. Where the operatin" !#!te$ 'it! in.
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
The Operatin" S#!te$ a! an E5tended
Mahine
3i"ure 142. Operatin" !#!te$! turn u".# hard0are into 6eauti'u.
a6!tration!.
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
The Operatin" S#!te$ a! a Re!oure
Mana"er
)
A..o0 $u.tip.e pro"ra$! to run at the !a$e ti$e
)
Mana"e and protet $e$or#7 I,O de-ie!7 and
other re!oure!
)
In.ude! $u.tip.e5in" %!harin"& re!oure! in t0o
di''erent 0a#!(
)
In ti$e
)
In !pae
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-'00''3(
Co$puter 8ard0are Re-ie0
3i"ure 149. So$e o' the o$ponent!
o' a !i$p.e per!ona. o$puter.
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-'00''3(
CPU Pipe.inin"
3i"ure 14:. %a& A three4!ta"e pipe.ine. %6& A !uper!a.ar CPU.
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-'00''3(
3i"ure 14;. %a& A /uad4ore hip 0ith a !hared <2 ahe.
%6& A /uad4ore hip 0ith !eparate <2 ahe!.
Mu.tithreaded and Mu.tiore Chip!
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 14=. A t#pia. $e$or# hierarh#.
The nu$6er! are -er# rou"h appro5i$ation!.
Me$or# %1&
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
>ue!tion! 0hen dea.in" 0ith ahe(
)
When to put a ne0 ite$ into the ahe.
)
Whih ahe .ine to put the ne0 ite$ in.
)
Whih ite$ to re$o-e 'ro$ the ahe 0hen a
!.ot i! needed.
)
Where to put a ne0.# e-ited ite$ in the .ar"er
$e$or#.
Me$or# %2&
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 141?. Struture o' a di!* dri-e.
Di!*!
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 1411. %a& The !tep! in !tartin" an I,O de-ie and
"ettin" an interrupt.
I,O De-ie!
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 1412. The !truture o' a .ar"e Pentiu$ !#!te$
Bu!e!
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
The Operatin" S#!te$ @oo
)
Main'ra$e operatin" !#!te$!
)
Ser-er operatin" !#!te$!
)
Mu.tiproe!!or operatin" !#!te$!
)
Per!ona. o$puter operatin" !#!te$!
)
8andhe.d operatin" !#!te$!
)
E$6edded operatin" !#!te$!
)
Rea.4ti$e operatin" !#!te$!
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-'00''3(
)
Proe!!e!
)
Addre!! !pae!
)
3i.e!
)
Input,Output
)
Protetion
)
The !he..
Operatin" S#!te$ Conept!
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
Proe!!e!
3i"ure 141A. A proe!! tree. Proe!! A reated t0o hi.d
proe!!e!7 B and C. Proe!! B reated three hi.d
proe!!e!7 D7 E7 and 3.
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-'00''3(
3i"ure 141B. A 'i.e !#!te$ 'or a uni-er!it# depart$ent.
3i.e! %1&
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 141C. %a& Be'ore $ountin"7 the 'i.e! on the CD4ROM are not
ae!!i6.e. %6& A'ter $ountin"7 the# are part o' the 'i.e
hierarh#.
3i.e! %2&
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 1419. T0o proe!!e! onneted 6# a pipe.
3i.e! %A&
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 141:. The 11 !tep! in $a*in" the !#!te$ a..
read%'d7 6u''er7 n6#te!&.
S#!te$ Ca..!
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 141;. So$e o' the $aDor POSIE !#!te$ a..!.
S#!te$ Ca..! 'or Proe!! Mana"e$ent
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 141;. So$e o' the $aDor POSIE !#!te$ a..!.
S#!te$ Ca..! 'or 3i.e Mana"e$ent %1&
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 141;. So$e o' the $aDor POSIE !#!te$ a..!.
S#!te$ Ca..! 'or 3i.e Mana"e$ent %2&
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 141;. So$e o' the $aDor POSIE !#!te$ a..!.
Mi!e..aneou! S#!te$ Ca..!
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 141=. A !tripped4do0n !he...
A Si$p.e She..
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 142?. Proe!!e! ha-e three !e"$ent!(
te5t7 data7 and !ta*.
Me$or# <a#out
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 1421. %a& T0o diretorie! 6e'ore .in*in" /usr/jim/memo to
a!tF! diretor#. %6& The !a$e diretorie! a'ter .in*in".
<in*in"
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 1422. %a& 3i.e !#!te$ 6e'ore the $ount.
%6& 3i.e !#!te$ a'ter the $ount.
Mountin"
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
Mono.ithi !#!te$! 1 6a!i !truture(
)
A $ain pro"ra$ that in-o*e! the re/ue!ted
!er-ie proedure.
)
A !et o' !er-ie proedure! that arr# out the
!#!te$ a..!.
)
A !et o' uti.it# proedure! that he.p the !er-ie
proedure!.
Operatin" S#!te$! Struture
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 1429. Struture o' the MINIE A !#!te$.
Miro*erne.!
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 142:. The .ient4!er-er $ode. o-er a net0or*.
C.ient4Ser-er Mode.
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 142=. %a& A t#pe 1 h#per-i!or. %6& A t#pe 2 h#per-i!or.
+irtua. Mahine!
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639
3i"ure 14A?. The proe!! o' o$pi.in" C and header 'i.e! to
$a*e an e5euta6.e.
The Mode. o' Run Ti$e
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Ha, !nc" # rig$ts reser%ed" 0-&3-6006639