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MathCad WINDOWS 98
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: 22-
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2008


1.
2.
2.1
2.2

2.3
2.3.1
)
)
)
)
)
2.3.2
)
)
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6 .
, , ,
,
2.3.7
2.3.8
2.3.9
2.3.10
2.3.11



2.3.12
2.3.13
2.3.14
2.3.15 ,
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
3.

1.
b
a11 a12
a
a 22
A 21
a31 a32

a 41 a 42

a13
a 23
a33
a 43

a14
a 24
a34

a 44

b1
b
b 2
b
3
b4

1. b.

11

12

13

14

21

22

23

24

2,4

1,4

1,6

1,8

2,6

12

0,6

4,0

31
0,8

32

33

34

41

42

43

44

b1

b2

0,85

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2.2


[
- Xn.
B 0.1 B 0.2 B 0.4 B 0.6
0

0.1

0.2

B
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0 0

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K ( 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6)

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81

4

:
2.4
2.6

0.8
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1
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0.2 0.6 0.5 0.75

2.3.2 .
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1 1

2 1

3 1

4 1
t1 1

t2 1

t3 1
t
4 1

1 2

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0.8
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10 10 10
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0.2 1.5

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( 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6)

2.3.4
(norm),

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.
. Mathcad
:

norm1 (A) L1;

norm2 (A) L2;

norme(A) (euclidean norm);

normi (A) max-, (infinity norm);

norm1( ) 15.45
norm2( ) 13.294

norme( ) 13.671
normi( ) 19.2

2.3.5
Mathcad ,
(vectorize operator).
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1. (
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<Ctrl>+<->, <=>, .

0.1
0.2
0.4
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0.01
0.04

0.16
0.36

1.4 1.6 1.8

2.4
2.6
0.8
0.4

12 0.6 4
0.85 0.1 0.2

1.2 1 1.5

5.76
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0.64
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5.76 1.96 2.56 3.24

6.76 144 0.36 16


()
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2.25

1.96 2.56 3.24

0.722 0.01 0.04

1.44 1 2.25
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10 10 10

10
10
10
10

10 10 10
10 10 10

10 10 10

24
26

8
4

14 16 18

120 6 40

12 10 15

8.5 1

Mathcad


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2.3.6
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,
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min( ) 0.4
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cols( ) 1

max( ) 0.6
rows ( ) 4

cols( ) 4

rows ( ) 4

last ( ) 3

2.3.7
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Inverse ( )
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0.205
1 0.328

1.55
1.35

0.05 0.622 0.295


0.05

0.829 0.638

0.233 3.067 1.646

0.102 2.542 2.353

10
5
1

2.5
1.667

2.3.8
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(trace) .
tr:

t r( ) 16

tr (A) .
2.3.9

(Determinant)

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Determinant ()
Matrix () <|> (
<Shift>+<\>).
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2.4
2.6
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8.294
0.85 0.1 0.2

1.2 1 1.5
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2.3.10
2.4
2.6

0.8
0.4

1.4 1.6 1.8

0.85 0.1 0.2

1.2 1 1.5
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0.1
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2.3.11 ( )

(Re)

(Im)


.
1.2 0.7 0.8 0.9
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0.3 2
Re( D)
0.4 0.425 0.05 0.1
0.2 0.6 0.5 0.75

i 1

2
2
Im( D)
2
2

5 1 12

6 1 16
3 1 4
4 1 8

1.2 2i 0.7 3i 0.8 i 0.9 4i


1.3 2i
6 4i
0.3 i
2 8i
D
0.4 2i 0.425 5i 0.05 i 0.1 12i
0.2 2i 0.6 6i 0.5 i 0.75 16i

i 1
m 0 3

m n

Re( D)

m n

Im( D)

m n

1.2 2i 0.7 3i 0.8 i 0.9 4i


1.3 2i
6 4i
0.3 i
2 8i
D
0.4 2i 0.425 5i 0.05 i 0.1 12i
0.2 2i 0.6 6i 0.5 i 0.75 16i

-
1.2 2i 0.7 3i 0.8 i 0.9 4i

1.3 2i
6 4i
0.3 i
2 8i
D
0.4 2i 0.425 5i 0.05 i 0.1 12i
0.2 2i 0.6 6i 0.5 i 0.75 16i

2.3.12
0.1
0.2
0

0.4
0.6

0 0

3 0

3 1

2.4
0.6
1.2

iden tit y( 3)

1 0 0
0 1 0

0 0 1

2.4
0 2.6

0.8
0.4

1.4
1 12

0.85
1.2

:
1
0
2

3

4
1
5

6

7
3
8

9

1 4 0 7
2 5 0 8

3 6 0 9

:
3
1
0
3

3

1
1

0
1

2.3.13

augment ,
m x n m x p ( ),
, m x (n + p).
, ,
stack , m
x n p x n ( ) , (m
+ p) x n .
2.4
2.6
augment ( )
0.8
0.4

12 0.6 4 0.2
0.85 0.1 0.2 0.4

1.2 1 1.5 0.6

2.4
2.6
augment ( )
0.8
0.4

1.4 1.6 1.8 2.4

1.4 1.6 1.8

12 0.6 4

12 0.6 4

2.4
2.6

0.8
0.4
stack ( )
2.4
2.6
0.8

0.4

1.4 1.6 1.8 0.1

0.85 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.85 0.1 0.2

1.2 1 1.5 0.4 1.2 1 1.5

1.4 1.6 1.8

0.2
1.5

1.8

4
0.2

1.5

12 0.6 4
0.85 0.1
1.2

1.4 1.6
12 0.6
0.85 0.1
1.2

2.6

2.3.14
,

. ,
:

sort(v) ;

csort(A,i)

i- ;

rsort(A,i)

i- ;

reverse (v)

;
o

v ;

i .

,
, .
0.8
0.4
csort ( 1)
2.4
2.6

0.85 0.1 0.2

1.4
12
rso rt ( 0)
0.85
1.2

1.6 1.8 2.4

0.1
0.2
B
0.4
0.6

1.2

1.5

1.4 1.6 1.8


12 0.6 4

0.1 0.2 0.8

1 1.5 0.4
0.6 4

2.6

0.6
0.4
reverse( )
0.2
0.1

0.4
0.1
sort ( )
0.2
0.6

2.3.15 ,
L U- , ,
P A=L U , L U

),

. P,A,L,U .

lu(A) LU- ;

,
.
LU- .
P,L,U submatrix.
13 7 4
J 7 9 3

4 3 9
N lu( J)

0
0 13 7
4
1 0 0 1

( N) 0 1 0 0.538 1
0 0 5.231 5.154

0 0 1 0.308 0.985 1 0 0 2.691

1 0 0
P 0 1 0

0 0 1
0
0
1

L 0.538 1
0

0.308 0.985 1

P J

L U

13 7 4
P J 7 9 3

4 3 9

4
13 7

U 0 5.231 5.154

0 0 2.691

13. 7. 4. 13 7 4
L U float 2 7.0 9.0 3.0 7 9 3

4.0 3.0 9.0 4 3 9

QR- A=Q R, Q
, R .

qr(A) QR-;

qr(A) L,
Q R, . QR,
submatrix.

qr ( J)

0.85 0.122 0.513 15.297 9.283 4.38


0.458 0.654 0.603 0
7.268 9.171

0
1.646
0.261 0.747 0.612 0
0.85 0.122 0.513
Q 0.458 0.654 0.603

0.261 0.747 0.612


15.297 9.283 4.38
R 0
7.268 9.171

0
1.646
0

13. 7.0 4.0 13 7 4


Q R float 2 7.0 9.0 3.0 7 9 3

4.0 3.0 9.0 4 3 9

2.4
2.4.1

)

X Y . - ,
Y. ,
, = .
1, 2,...
x1, 2,...
.
.
:

A I

a11
a
21
.

a n1

a12
a 22
.
an2

(1 , 2 .......n )

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
a1n
.
a 2n
0

.
.

. a nn

.
(
)

1 2 .......n a11 a22 ............ ann Tr( A)


2.4
2.6

0.8
0.4

1.4 1.6 1.8

0.85 0.1 0.2

1.2 1 1.5 :
12 0.6 4

identity (4) 4*4


1.6
1.8
2.4 1.4

2.6 12
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4

ident ity( 4)
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.85 .1
.2

1.2
1
1.5
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1.6
1.8
2.4 1.4

2.6 12
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4

1
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1.2
1
1.5
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:
.21576845429 869207955

1.4327648144
318220137

.
96048041857
272781382

i
2
3
4

1 8.29360 47.0670
43.400
16.0
solve
1.4327648144 318220137
.96048041857 272781382
i

12.918701916 837663893

1 8.29360 47.0670
43.400
16.0

2

j 0 3

i 1

.2157684542 9869207955

1.432764814 4318220137
. 9604804185 7272781382
i
j
1.432764814 4318220137
. 9604804185 7272781382
i

12.91870191 6837663893


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Mathcad.

Mathcad ,
:

eigenvals(A) ,
; Mathcad
.
, : Format-Number
Displayed Precision (3)
( 0 15).
2.4
2.6

0.8
0.4

1.4 1.6 1.8

0.85 0.1 0.2

1.2 1 1.5
12 0.6 4

8.294

t r( ) 16

eigenv als ( )

12.91870192

1.43276481

0.96048042i

1.43276481 0.96048042i

0.21576845

16
0
0
0
12.91870192

0
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0
0

diag

0
0
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0

0
0
0
0.21576845

0
0
0
12.91870192

0
1.43276481

0.96048042i
0
0

0
0
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0

0
0
0
0.21576845

L 8.294

2.4.2

) ,
,

eigenvecs(A) ,

, ;
o

n-

n- , eigenvals;

P eigenvecs ( )

0.782
0.782
0.044
0.158

0.979 0.187 0.152i 0.187 0.152i 0.217

P
0.057 0.402 0.241i 0.402 0.241i 0.669
0.113 0.083 0.321i 0.083 0.321i 0.71

0.78192058
0.78192058
0.04415312
0.15837954

0.979194590.18716547 0.15236909i0.18716547 0.15236909i0.21653034

eigenvecs ( )
0.056815220.40248004 0.24111132i0.40248004 0.24111132i0.66908171
0.113428 0.0831659 0.32142112i0.0831659 0.32142112i 0.70957366

2.4
2.6
1
0.8
0.4

1.4 1.6 1.8

0.85 0.1 0.2

1.2 1 1.5
12 0.6 4

1 P L P

8
.

eigenvec(A,)
;

2.4
2.6
eigenvec 0 eigenvec
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1.4 1.6 1.8

0.158

12 .6 4
0.979
12.91870191683 7663902

0.057
.85 .1 .2

0.113
1.2 1 1.5

0 .
=
,
.
0.15837954
0.97919459
K
0.05681522
0.113428

2.046
12.65
K
0.734
1.465

2.046
12.65
0 K
0.734
1.465

2.046
12.65
12.91870191 6837663902
K
0.734
1.465

2.046
0 12.65
eigenv ecs ( )

0.734
1.465

2.046
0 12.65
eigenvals ( ) eigenvecs ( )

0
0.734
1.465

3.
2.4
2.6
eigenvec 3 eigenvec
.8
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1.4 1.6 1.8

0.044

12 .6 4
0.217
.2157684542986 9207970
0.669
.85 .1 .2

0.71
1.2 1 1.5

.
, ,
.
2.4.3
Mathcad
, :

diag(v) ,

v;
,
.
2.4
2.6

0.8
0.4

1.4 1.6 1.8

0.85 0.1 0.2

1.2 1 1.5
12 0.6 4

12.91870192

1.43276481

0.96048042i

1.43276481 0.96048042i

0.21576845

eigenv als ( )

0
0
0
12.91870192

0
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0
0

diag

0
0
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0

0
0
0
0.21576845

,
, , :
-1 = L
L diag (1, 2. n) ,
1, 2 n .

, ; n-

n-

eigenvecs ( )

0.781920579
0.781920579
0.044153118
0.1583795406

0.9791945876 0.1871654712
0.1523690943i 0.1871654712
0.1523690943i 0.2165303444

0.0568152198 0.4024800353 0.2411113226i 0.4024800353 0.2411113226i 0.6690817103

0.11342800180.0831658999 0.3214211226i0.0831658999 0.3214211226i0.7095736586

L1

12.919
0
0
0

1.471i 10 15 1.433 0.96i


0
0
L1

1.471i 10 15
0
1.433 0.96i 0

0
0
0
0.216

L1 8.294

3.
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MathCad Windows

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MathCad. , ,
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MathCad
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