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MathCad WINDOWS 98
.
8
: 22-
..
:_______________________
2008
1.
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
)
)
)
)
)
2.3.2
)
)
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6 .
, , ,
,
2.3.7
2.3.8
2.3.9
2.3.10
2.3.11
2.3.12
2.3.13
2.3.14
2.3.15 ,
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
3.
1.
b
a11 a12
a
a 22
A 21
a31 a32
a 41 a 42
a13
a 23
a33
a 43
a14
a 24
a34
a 44
b1
b
b 2
b
3
b4
1. b.
11
12
13
14
21
22
23
24
2,4
1,4
1,6
1,8
2,6
12
0,6
4,0
31
0,8
32
33
34
41
42
43
44
b1
b2
0,85
0,1
0,2
0,4
1,2
1,0
1,5
0,1
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b3
0,4
b4
0,6
2.
2.1
.
. . 1.
2 4
2 6
0 8
0 4
1 4 1 6 1 8
12 0 6 4
0 85 0 1 0 2
1 2 1 1 5
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 6
--
( 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 6 )-
2.2
[
- Xn.
B 0.1 B 0.2 B 0.4 B 0.6
0
0.1
0.2
B
0.4
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K
0 0
0.1 K
0 1
0.2 K
0 2
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K ( .1 .2 .4 .6 ) -
:
i 0 2
i j
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3 0 0 0
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1.3
2.3.2 .
)
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 1
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t2 1
t3 1
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t
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10.8
9.6
10
10
10
10
10 10 10
10 10 10
10 10 10
10 10 10
2.3.3
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T
1 1 1
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10 6 16
1 10 10
1 5 6
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-
.
2.3.4
(norm),
.
.
. Mathcad
:
norm1( ) 15.45
norm2( ) 13.294
norme( ) 13.671
normi( ) 19.2
2.3.5
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0.2
0.4
0.6
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0.04
0.16
0.36
2.4
2.6
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0.4
12 0.6 4
0.85 0.1 0.2
1.2 1 1.5
5.76
6.76
0.64
0.16
0.16 1.44 1
2.25
1.44 1 2.25
144 0.36 16
10 10 10
10
10
10
10
10 10 10
10 10 10
10 10 10
24
26
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4
14 16 18
120 6 40
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8.5 1
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2.3.6
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min( ) 0.4
length ( ) 4
cols( ) 1
max( ) 0.6
rows ( ) 4
cols( ) 4
rows ( ) 4
last ( ) 3
2.3.7
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.
.
Inverse ( )
Matrix ().
0.205
1 0.328
1.55
1.35
0.829 0.638
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5
1
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2.3.8
.
(trace) .
tr:
t r( ) 16
tr (A) .
2.3.9
(Determinant)
.
Determinant ()
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<Shift>+<\>).
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2.4
2.6
0.8
0.4
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1.2 1 1.5
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2.3.10
2.4
2.6
0.8
0.4
1.2 1 1.5
12 0.6 4
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
2.3.11 ( )
(Re)
(Im)
.
1.2 0.7 0.8 0.9
1.3
6
0.3 2
Re( D)
0.4 0.425 0.05 0.1
0.2 0.6 0.5 0.75
i 1
2
2
Im( D)
2
2
5 1 12
6 1 16
3 1 4
4 1 8
i 1
m 0 3
m n
Re( D)
m n
Im( D)
m n
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1.2 2i 0.7 3i 0.8 i 0.9 4i
1.3 2i
6 4i
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D
0.4 2i 0.425 5i 0.05 i 0.1 12i
0.2 2i 0.6 6i 0.5 i 0.75 16i
2.3.12
0.1
0.2
0
0.4
0.6
0 0
3 0
3 1
2.4
0.6
1.2
iden tit y( 3)
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
2.4
0 2.6
0.8
0.4
1.4
1 12
0.85
1.2
:
1
0
2
3
4
1
5
6
7
3
8
9
1 4 0 7
2 5 0 8
3 6 0 9
:
3
1
0
3
3
1
1
0
1
2.3.13
augment ,
m x n m x p ( ),
, m x (n + p).
, ,
stack , m
x n p x n ( ) , (m
+ p) x n .
2.4
2.6
augment ( )
0.8
0.4
12 0.6 4 0.2
0.85 0.1 0.2 0.4
2.4
2.6
augment ( )
0.8
0.4
12 0.6 4
12 0.6 4
2.4
2.6
0.8
0.4
stack ( )
2.4
2.6
0.8
0.4
0.2
1.5
1.8
4
0.2
1.5
12 0.6 4
0.85 0.1
1.2
1.4 1.6
12 0.6
0.85 0.1
1.2
2.6
2.3.14
,
. ,
:
sort(v) ;
csort(A,i)
i- ;
rsort(A,i)
i- ;
reverse (v)
;
o
v ;
i .
,
, .
0.8
0.4
csort ( 1)
2.4
2.6
1.4
12
rso rt ( 0)
0.85
1.2
0.1
0.2
B
0.4
0.6
1.2
1.5
1 1.5 0.4
0.6 4
2.6
0.6
0.4
reverse( )
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.1
sort ( )
0.2
0.6
2.3.15 ,
L U- , ,
P A=L U , L U
),
. P,A,L,U .
lu(A) LU- ;
,
.
LU- .
P,L,U submatrix.
13 7 4
J 7 9 3
4 3 9
N lu( J)
0
0 13 7
4
1 0 0 1
( N) 0 1 0 0.538 1
0 0 5.231 5.154
1 0 0
P 0 1 0
0 0 1
0
0
1
L 0.538 1
0
0.308 0.985 1
P J
L U
13 7 4
P J 7 9 3
4 3 9
4
13 7
U 0 5.231 5.154
0 0 2.691
13. 7. 4. 13 7 4
L U float 2 7.0 9.0 3.0 7 9 3
QR- A=Q R, Q
, R .
qr(A) QR-;
qr(A) L,
Q R, . QR,
submatrix.
qr ( J)
0
1.646
0.261 0.747 0.612 0
0.85 0.122 0.513
Q 0.458 0.654 0.603
0
1.646
0
2.4
2.4.1
)
X Y . - ,
Y. ,
, = .
1, 2,...
x1, 2,...
.
.
:
A I
a11
a
21
.
a n1
a12
a 22
.
an2
(1 , 2 .......n )
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
a1n
.
a 2n
0
.
.
. a nn
.
(
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0.8
0.4
1.2 1 1.5 :
12 0.6 4
2.6 12
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4
ident ity( 4)
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.85 .1
.2
1.2
1
1.5
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1.6
1.8
2.4 1.4
2.6 12
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4
1
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.2
1.2
1
1.5
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:
.21576845429 869207955
1.4327648144
318220137
.
96048041857
272781382
i
2
3
4
1 8.29360 47.0670
43.400
16.0
solve
1.4327648144 318220137
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i
12.918701916 837663893
1 8.29360 47.0670
43.400
16.0
2
j 0 3
i 1
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1.432764814 4318220137
. 9604804185 7272781382
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j
1.432764814 4318220137
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12.91870191 6837663893
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Mathcad.
Mathcad ,
:
eigenvals(A) ,
; Mathcad
.
, : Format-Number
Displayed Precision (3)
( 0 15).
2.4
2.6
0.8
0.4
1.2 1 1.5
12 0.6 4
8.294
t r( ) 16
eigenv als ( )
12.91870192
1.43276481
0.96048042i
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0.21576845
16
0
0
0
12.91870192
0
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0
0
diag
0
0
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0
0
0
0
0.21576845
0
0
0
12.91870192
0
1.43276481
0.96048042i
0
0
0
0
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0
0
0
0
0.21576845
L 8.294
2.4.2
) ,
,
eigenvecs(A) ,
, ;
o
n-
n- , eigenvals;
P eigenvecs ( )
0.782
0.782
0.044
0.158
P
0.057 0.402 0.241i 0.402 0.241i 0.669
0.113 0.083 0.321i 0.083 0.321i 0.71
0.78192058
0.78192058
0.04415312
0.15837954
eigenvecs ( )
0.056815220.40248004 0.24111132i0.40248004 0.24111132i0.66908171
0.113428 0.0831659 0.32142112i0.0831659 0.32142112i 0.70957366
2.4
2.6
1
0.8
0.4
1.2 1 1.5
12 0.6 4
1 P L P
8
.
eigenvec(A,)
;
2.4
2.6
eigenvec 0 eigenvec
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0.158
12 .6 4
0.979
12.91870191683 7663902
0.057
.85 .1 .2
0.113
1.2 1 1.5
0 .
=
,
.
0.15837954
0.97919459
K
0.05681522
0.113428
2.046
12.65
K
0.734
1.465
2.046
12.65
0 K
0.734
1.465
2.046
12.65
12.91870191 6837663902
K
0.734
1.465
2.046
0 12.65
eigenv ecs ( )
0.734
1.465
2.046
0 12.65
eigenvals ( ) eigenvecs ( )
0
0.734
1.465
3.
2.4
2.6
eigenvec 3 eigenvec
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0.044
12 .6 4
0.217
.2157684542986 9207970
0.669
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0.71
1.2 1 1.5
.
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2.4.3
Mathcad
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diag(v) ,
v;
,
.
2.4
2.6
0.8
0.4
1.2 1 1.5
12 0.6 4
12.91870192
1.43276481
0.96048042i
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0.21576845
eigenv als ( )
0
0
0
12.91870192
0
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0
0
diag
0
0
1.43276481 0.96048042i
0
0
0
0
0.21576845
,
, , :
-1 = L
L diag (1, 2. n) ,
1, 2 n .
, ; n-
n-
eigenvecs ( )
0.781920579
0.781920579
0.044153118
0.1583795406
0.9791945876 0.1871654712
0.1523690943i 0.1871654712
0.1523690943i 0.2165303444
L1
12.919
0
0
0
1.471i 10 15
0
1.433 0.96i 0
0
0
0
0.216
L1 8.294
3.
1
MathCad Windows
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MathCad
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