2003

2003 YUKOS EP, All Rights Reserved

, ...
, .-..
, MSc Petroleum Engineering

2003 YUKOS EP, All Rights Reserved

1. Horne R. N. Modern Well Test Analysis // Petroway, Inc., Palo
Alto. 1995.
2. Earlougher R.S. Advances in well test analysis // Monogr. Ser.
Soc. Petrol. Eng. Dallas. Vol. 5. 1977.
3. Bourdarot G. Well Testing: Interpretation Methods. 1998.
4. .., ..

, , , 1992.
5. .. . .: ,
1998.
2003 YUKOS EP, All Rights Reserved

6. 39-100-91
, -
// , ,
, ..,1991.
7. 153-39-007-96

. :
. .., 1996.
8. 153-39.0-109-01
,

// ., 2002.
2003 YUKOS EP, All Rights Reserved

PANSystem
Edinburgh Petroleum Services
http://www.e-petroleumservices.com

Saphir
Kappa Engineering
http://www.kappaeng.com

2003 YUKOS EP, All Rights Reserved

F.A.S.T.
Fekete Associates Inc.
http://www.fekete.com

PIE
Well Test Solutions Ltd.
http://welltestsolutions.com

2003 YUKOS EP, All Rights Reserved

pws

,
( )

pwf

pi
pwf(t=0)
pe
pw
ps

pt=1

,

( re
)

,
()
t = 1

mln

pwf
ln t

/.

mlog

pwf
log t

/.

-1

cw

co

-1

cg

-1

cf

-1

-1

ct

2/

(3/)-1

ml
CA
tpDA
D MBH

[ ,
]
Dietz
,
A , r2

MBH

-1

.
.

.
.
.
.

Sa

-
-,

Sd

Sp

Str
Sswp

-
-,

D
tD
CD
rD

.
.
.
.
.
.
/3

r
rw
re
h
rinv
rs
hp
hs
rw,eff
xf
h

2/

V, Vw

d
l
b

Cs

( )

Vu

3/

3/3

Bw

3/3

3/3

3/

qs

3/

3/

km

(
)

kf

(
)

m
f
k
ks

3/

*/

tp

tpe
Dte
tp
ti

tr

tx

[ ,
]

So
Sw
Sg
Sn(t)
tps

Z
S

-,

[t]M, [DP]M

[tD/CD]M,
[PD]M

-
(storativity ratio)

(transmissivity ratio)

10

1.
1.1.

1.2.

1.3.

1.4.

1.5.

1.6.

1.7.

1.8.

1.9.

2. -
2.1.

2.2.
,
2.3.

2.4.
-
3.

3.1.

3.2.
Cs
3.3.
Cs ,
3.4.

3.5.

3.6.

4.
4.1.

4.2.

4.3.

4.4.
Gringarten
4.5.

4.6.

4.7.

5.
5.1.

5.2.

5.3.

5.4.

5.5.
c
5.6.

11

6.

6.1.

6.2.

:
6.3.

: MDH
6.4.

6.5.

7.
7.1.

7.2.

7.3.

7.4.

7.5.

7.6.

7.7.

8.
8.1.

8.2.

8.3.

9.
9.1.

9.2.

9.3.

10.
10.1.

10.2.

10.3.

10.4.

10.5.

10.6.
:

11.
11.1.

11.2.

11.3.

11.4.

12

12.
12.1.

12.2.
:
12.3.
:
12.4.
: -
12.5.

12.6.

13.
13.1.

13.2.

13.3.

13.4.

13.5.

13.6.

13.7.

13.8.

14.
14.1.

14.2.

14.3.

14.4.

14.5.

14.6.

14.7.

14.8.

15.
15.1.

15.2.
RFT
15.3.
RFT
15.4.

15.5.

13

:
- ,

- ,
.
-
.
-
.

:
:
-
.
- ,

.
- .

15

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

17

.



.

1.1
,
, ..
( , , ),
,

.
:

,
, ..
.

:

, ;
,
;
,
(
, ..).
18

1.1

1.1

.

, ( )
( ), (
).

.

, .
,
( )
, ,

.

, ,
.

.
, .
19

1.2

, t

, t

pws = pi

pwf

1.2

()
t = 0 (
) q.

:
q = const;
t = 0 , ..
pi.

:
, ,
;
,

.
,
/. , ,
, , ,
.
,
.
20

1.2

tp

t
pws

pwf(t= 0)

tp

1.2

()
, tp
q,
.

:
q=const ;
tp
,
.
:
;
,
.
- .

()
(q=0).

21

1.2

, t

, t

, t

-q

, t
0

1.2

t = 0
, .

.

,
.
-:
,
;
.

22

1.2

1.2
:
;
.

.
/
.

.
() (,
).
:
(
);

;
.

.
.
23

1.2

1.2

,
(, )
. ,
,
.

( )
:
;
;
;
PVT ;
;
(-).
, ..
.

, .
, ,
, ..
.

.
24

1.2
R
F
T

M
D
T

1.2

, . (RFT - Repeat
Formation Tester MDT Modular Dynamic Tester)

.
, ,
,
.
.
RFT MDT :
;
;
.

,
.
- :
- ;
.

25

1.3

q
x

q
k dp
=u =
A
dx

qs B
8.644103 k dp
=

dx

1.3


:
= p gD ;
q
k dp
dD
k d
= u = g
=
D - ;
A
dx
dx
dx
- .
.
( )

:
q
A c
u

p
x
k .

3/
2
/
/2

3/
2
/

mD

k,
:
- ( 100 %) ;

;
.
26

1.3 1

,
, k
:
a) t = 20C ( = 1 )
= 0.68 . Q = 2.88 x 10-3 3/ ,
b) = 1.1
, ) Q = 10.468 x 10-3 3/ .
: L= 0.05 ,
A = 5 10-4 2. b.

27

1.3
q

ur
pe

ur
pe

rw

q h

re

rw
r
re

ur =

q
k dp
=
2rh dr

pe pw = 18.41

q re
ln
kh rw

1.3

.
,
h k,
.
( re ) pe, pw.
( ), ,
( ).
( ).
h
q ( ),
,
.
q, pe-pw
:
q r
pe pw = 18.41 ln e
kh rw
.
, q -
.

28

1.3 2

10 100
-
, ,
k = 0,5 , h = l0 ,
w = 80 a, rw = 12.4
, o = 4 ,
q = 229.885 3/ .

29

1.4
c=
co =

1 V

V p T =const

1 Vo
1 o
1 B

= o
Vo p T o p T
Bo p T
ct = S o co + S wcw + S g c g + c f
So + S w + S g = 1

V [ 3] ;
cw [ -1] ;
co [ -1] ;
cg [ -1] ;
cf [ -1] ;

[ / 3] ;
B ;
S ;
Sw ;
Sg .

1.4
c
.
(1/)
co
, ..
.
.
cf , ..
.
ct, ,
,
( ).
,
=136 .:
o = 2.2 x 10-4 1/
cw = 4.4 10-5 1/
cg = 7.3 10-3 1/ 1/
,
. ,
t cg
30

1.5

ur =

k dp

dr

1 (rur )

=
r r
t

2 p 1 p ct p
+ =
r 2 r r
k
t

co =

1
p

p ;
r ;
t ;
= k / ct ;
k ;
;
;
ct

1.5


, , ,
.
:
( );
;
.
, :
;
, (kx = ky = kz);
;
q k ( );
;
- ;
;
.

31

1.5

e u
Ei ( x ) =
du
u
x
Ei(x)

-Ei(-x)

2
1
0

0.4

1.0

1.6

1.5
,
.

,
,
,
,
.

:

pi;
( );
rw << re .

:
ct r 2
qB

pi p (r , t ) = 9.205
Ei
0
.
00036
kh

kt

u
e
du
Ei(x) : Ei( x ) =
u
x
32

1.6

rinv = 0.037

kt
ct

1.6
,
.
, - rinv
, ,
.
rinv , ,
.
,
():
Jones: rinv ,
1%
.
Poettmann: rinv
, 1% .
J.Lee Muskat: rinv
, .

33

1.6 -
rinv

kt
= 0.037
ct

103 104 t= 105

rinv :
a)
k = 100
= 0.25
ct = 1.47 10-4 -1
= 0.8
t = 1
b)

k = 0.010
= 0.05
ct = 2.939 10-3 -1
= 0.05
t = 168

34

1.7

1.7

.
r.
, ,
rw. ,
,
,
.

rw.

, .

35

1.7

1.7
.
,
:
;
.

36

1.7

1.7

37

1.7

1.7

, , .
:
-
, ;
- ,
.
,
-
.

38

1.8

rw

re

1.8
.

, .. ,

.
P

=0

Pe = const

/ , ..
,
/ .

P
= f (r , t )
t

p = f (r , t )

.
.
.
P
P
= 0, r = re
= const
r
t
,
.
39

1.8


pi

pwf

MTR

LTR

1.8
:



. ,
( )

MTR c ( )
LTR ( )

40

1.9

. 1
q1

r1

. 3

r2
. 2
q2

p3 = p3,1 + p3, 2

1.9
, ,
, ,
. ,
.

.
(
), ,
.

:
;
;
.
:

( )
( )
, ..
-
a x, b y,
a + b x + y
41

1.9
pi

q
0
0

pw

+ tp

pw

p(t)

-q

pi

pi

tp

pw

p(t)

0
tp

tp

1.9


, .
: t
q, .

, :
t = 0 q1 = q,
tp c q2 = -q ()

, q1 q2

42

1.9

-q

1.9
,
,
.

.
,

.

,
:

, , ,
,
, ,

,
, ,
, ,
. , ,

,

43

1
1. ?
2.
?
3.

?
4. ,

?

1
5. cg ?
6.
?
7.
:
a. , ;
b. RFT/MDT;
c. ;
d.
.

44

2.1 -
2.2
2.3
2.4 -

45

2.1 -
S < 0

t

pw

ps

pwf

S=

"

ps
q
18.41
kh

(
)

rw

pwf

p
s

()

pw

ks > k

S ~ -3

S ~ -4
S ~ -5.5
S > 0
S ~ 1-2

S ~ 5

S > 10

2.1 -

:
. ,
.
:
:
;
;
, , CaCO3 BaSO4;
;
;

(
).
:
-
;
;
.

, ,
:
- ;
.
46

2.1 -
- - Van Everdingen Hurst
-

pwf = pw + ps

pw
ps

S=
pwf

ps
q
18.41
kh

ps -
( )

S -

2.1 -

, . ,
(-)
,
.

- : pwf = pw + ps, ps qsB,
- (rs, ks). pw
(k = const) .

, -,
- (Van Everdingen Hurst) :
ps
S=
q
18.41
kh
- ,
- ( )
,
.

, -1.
47

2.1 -
-
k
r
S = 1 ln s
k s rw

pe

ks

(
k)

pw
ps
pwf

rw

rs

ks

ks
rs
pwf
ps

2.1 -

-.
, - rs
ks ;
: k h.
- -
rs << re. .. ,
- , -
:
k
r
S = 1 ln s
k s rw
, - ps,
,
:

q re
ln + S
kh rw

:
pe pwf = 18.41

J ss =

qs
=
pe pwf

kh
r

18.41 B ln e + S
rw

48

2.2

, ..

2.2

,
. , - ,
, .

,
,
, - .

kr, kz.

Brons Marting ,

-.

49

2.2

30

hD =

25

10000

hs

hp

20

hp

15

hs kr
rw k z

1000

hs

hs

hD =

Brons

Marting

100

10

20

h =
hp =
hs =

5
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

b =

2.2

:
b
hp/h
hs/rw

b hs/rw, ,
,
.

Brons Marting , .. kz=kr.

kz < kr.

Bilhartz Ramey, , ,
Brons Marting
, hs/rw :
hD =

hs kr
rw kz

-, Brons Marting,

.
50

2.2

Sa = Sd + S p =

Sp

Sa S
d

(S= 0)

pD

Str
+ Sp
b

rD

2.2

, ,

;


- (, , )
:
Sa = Sd + Sp Jones Watts
Sp = - ,
Sd = - (
).
-
, : Sd = Str / b,
Str = -;
b = .

- :
Sa = Str / b + Sp

, - Str,
, ()
( ).
51

2.2
-

30.48
(h = 91.44).
- Sa = 20.
,
30.48 ,
.
:
kr = 180 rw= 0.0762
o = 1.0
re = 304.8
Bo = 1.2
kz = 5

52

2.3

h
0

Sswp

15
30o

Cinco &
Miller

-2

45o

-4

60o

-6

= 75o

102

3
h 10
rw

104

2.3

,
.

(
) Cinco, Miller Ramey.
-
Sswp.

Sswp
h / rw. :
Sswp

=
41

2.06

1.865

56

0 < < 75D

h
log

100rw
h
> 40

rw

- , ..

.

. , - Sp Sswp
-
.
53

2.4
-

pe

re

xf

h
xf < < re

ps
pwf
reff rw

xf

re

rw,eff = rw e

xf =

2.4
-

.
, ..

re >> xf,
- Spr.

rw eff.

rw eff, ,
,
() .
-
:
rw eff = rwe s

(Prats)
, - :
xf
rw,eff =
2
r
2r
S pr = ln w = ln w
r w,eff
xf
54

2.4
-

9500

9500

10000

9500

9500
10100

10300

10200

9600

9600
10100

9600

10400

9600
10200
10300

10500

9700

9700

9700

10300

10200

9700
10400

10600

9800

9800

9800

10400

9800
10500

10300
10700

9900

9900
10400

10000

9900

10500

9900

10600

10800

10000

10500

10900

10600

10000

11000
10100

10000

10700

10100

10100

10600

10700

10800
10100

11100
10800
10200

10200

10900
10200

10200

10700
11200
10900
10300

10300
10800

10300

11000
10300

11300

11100

11000

10400

10400

11400

10400

10400

10900

11100

11200

11500

10500

10500

11000

10600
11100

Core

DST

10500

10500

11300

11200

10600

10600

10600

11300

2.4
-

- :
,
: S > 0;

(): S < 0.

-, ..
, , .

:
. -,
,
.

- (,
..)
(k/) . ,
-, ,

.

,
.
55

2
1. ?
2. - ?
3.
kz?
4. ,
, -?
5. 6 , -?

56

3.1
3.2 Cs
3.3 Cs ,
3.4

3.5

3.6

57

3.1

3.1




- ,
()

. :
/

58

3.1
q

V
Cs =
P

3.1
, ,


Cs,
: Cs=-V / P
Cs [3/]

59

3.2 Cs

Cs =

V
P

V = cVw P

Vw [ 3]
c [ -1]

3.2 Cs

t = 0
( ) q
0 q.


,
Pi
,

:
V = cVw P

Cs = c Vw

Vw [3]; [-1]
: 0,010,1 3/
60

3.3 Cs ,

Cs =

V
P
P = 1013251 gh

V = Vu h

u
s

Vu ,
[ 2]
h [ ]

3.3 Cs ,

, ,
:
V = Vu h
Vu , [2]
h []

h:
P = 1013251 gh
- , [/3]

C = 101325

Vu
g

: 0,1 1 3/
:
,

61

3.4

qBt
P =
24 Cs

P
q
B
t
Cs

, [ ]
, [ 3/ ]

, [ ]

, [ 3/ ]

3.4


, ~ 0
qBt
:
P =
24 Cs
P , []; q ,
[3/]; B ; t , []; Cs
, [3/]

62

3.4

P =

qBt
24 Cs

Cs ,

n
0

3.4

, ,

( ~ 0),
:
qBt
P =
24 Cs
n
:
Cs =

qB
24 n

-:
/

63

3.5

qf = q +

24Cs dP
B dt

qf , [ 3/ ]

3.5

,

:
qf = q +

24Cs dP
B dt

qf , [3/]; q
, [3/]; B ; t ,
[]; P , []; Cs
, [3/]

64

3.6

(Ramey):

( 26531 + 1547 S) Cs

t=

kh

(Chen) (Brigham):

t=

22109 Cs exp(0.14 S)
kh

t - [ ] ; Cs -
[ 3/ ] ; k -
[ ] ; h - [ ] ; -
[ ]

3.6

:
(Ramey):
t=

( 26531 + 1547 S) Cs
kh

(Chen and Brigham)

t=

22109 Cs exp(0.14 S)
kh

k , []; h , [];
, []; s -

65

3.6

:
100

1,5 log-
10

p
1

0.1
0.01

0.1

10

3.6

:

,
, ( )
1,5

66

1
.

120

270

100

265

255

40
250

60

, /

80
260

20

245

240

-20
-15

15

30

45

60

75

1 3/3

110 3/

67

3
1.

2.

3.

( ,
)

4.

:
;
;

5.

68

4.1
4.2
4.3

4.4 Gringarten
4.5
4.6
4.7

69

4.1
70-

P(t) -

Agarwal
McKinley
Earlougher Kersch
Gringarten

4.1
70-
,
.
:
Agarwal
McKinley
Earlougher Kersch
Gringarten
-
-.

.
Gringarten
.

70

4.2
PD =

kh
P
18.41qB

tD =

0.00036k
t
2
ct rw

0.159
CD =
Cs
2
hct rw
S

4.2
:

PD =

kh
P
18.41qB

tD =

0.00036k
t
ct rw2

CD =

0.159
Cs
hct rw2

k []; h []; q , [3/]; B

; []; t , []; P
, []; ; ct [1/]; rw
[]; Cs ,
[3/]
-
,
,

71

4.3

1
PD = ln t D + 0.81 + 2S
2

PD =

tD
CD

4.3


:
:
PD =

1
( ln t D + 0.81 + 2S)
2

:
PD =

tD
CD

..
,

72

4.4 Gringarten

CDexp(2S)

PD

tD/CD

4.4 Gringarten
,
: , :
PD = PD ( t D , CD , S)
Gringarten PD :

PD = PD D , CD exp ( 2S)
CD

, Gringarten
PD tD/CD ;

CDexp(2S)

:
, CDexp(2S)>1,
CDexp(2S)<1

73

4.4 Gringarten
PD =

kh
P
18.41qB

kh
log PD = log P + log

18.4qB

t D 0.00226 kh
=
t
CD
CS

0.00226 kh
t
log D = log t + log
CD

CS

4.4 Gringarten

:
PD =

kh
P
18.41qB

t D 0.00226kh
=
t
CD
CS

kh
log PD = log ( P ) + log

18.41qB

0.00226 kh
t
log D = log t + log

CS
CD

,
,
.

74

4.5

100

10

P
1

0.1
0.01

0.1

10

4.5

:
P(t)
.
!

75

4.5

100

100

10

PD

0.01

0.1

0.1

0.1

t D/ CD

100

10

1000

10

4.5

,
,
. !

CDexp(2S)
( )
: ([t]M, [P]M) ([tD /CD] M, [PD ]M)

76

4.5

kh = 18.41qB

PD
P

M
M

0.00226 kh t M
CS =

t D CD M

1 CD exp 2S
S = ln

2
CD

4.5


, kh:
[ PD ]M
kh = 18.41qB
[ P]M
, CS:
CS =

0.00226kh [ t ]M

[ t D CD ]M

CDexp(2S) -:
1 CD exp ( 2S)
S = ln
2
CD

CD =

0.159
Cs
hc t rw2
77

4.6

P
P

t, t

P = Pws Pws ( t = 0 )

P = Pi Pwf

4.6



t<<tp (t ,
tp )

: ,

t<<tp ,

78

4.6

100

10

t e =

0.1
0.01

0.1

t e

t
1 + t

tp

10

4.6

, te,

t
t e =
1 + t
t
p

. :
P(te)

,
, ,
, tp

79

4.7

4.7

:

-(-)
,
(
):

.

80

1
.

270

120
100

265

255

40
250

60

, /

80
260

20

245

240

-20
-15

15

30

45

60

75

: .
, -

0.2

80

rw

1 3/3

ct

tp

p(t = 0)

0.08

2.20E-04 1/
48
110 3/
245.4

81

4
1.

2.

3.

(,
, )
?

4.

5.

6.

CDexp(2S)?

7.

.
?

8.

82

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5 c
5.6

83

5.1

lnP

ln t

P =

P
( ln t )

ln t

5.1

,
.
,

80-

.
1983 (Bourdet)
:
P
P =
( ln t )
, P
, P(t)
(. )

. ..

84

5.2

CDexp(2S)

1e50
1e40
1e30
1e20
1e15
1e10
1e8
1e6
1e4
1000
100
10
1

10

PD
PD

0.1

0.5

0.1

0.1

10

tD/CD

100

1000

5.2

:
1
( ln t D + 0.81 + 2S)
2

1 t
PD = ln D + 0.81 + ln CD exp ( 2S)
2 CD

PD =

:
PD
PD =
= 0.5
tD
ln

CD
, ,
0,5

85

5.2

CDexp(2S)

1e20
1e15
1e10
1e8
1e6
1e4
1000
100
10
1

10

PD
PD

1e50
1e40
1e30

= 1

0.1

1
1

0.1

0.1

10

tD/CD

100

1000

5.2

:
PD =

:
P =

tD
CD

P
P
=
t
( ln t ) t
t
PD = D
CD

86

5.2

, .. :

t
PD = a ln D + b
CD
PD =

P
=a
t
ln D
CD

5.2

,
, :

(,
.. ):
t
PD = a ln D + b
CD

:
PD =

P
=a
tD
ln

CD

87

5.2

, , , ,
:
n

t
PD = a D + b
CD
t
PD = a n D
CD

tD

log PD = n log
+ log ( a n )
CD

5.2

(, , ,
, ):
n

t
PD = a D + b
CD

t
t
P
D = an D
PD =
t C
CD
D D
CD

n 1

t
t
D = an D
CD
CD

t
log PD = n log D + log ( a n )
CD

,
n
88

5.2
!

5.2

,
, ,

( )

89

5.3
P ( t i ) =

P
( ti )
( ln t )

P ( t i )

Pi Pi 1
ln t i ln t i 1

P ( t i )

Pi +1 Pi
ln t i +1 ln t i

P ( t i )

Pi +1 Pi 1
ln t i +1 ln t i 1

5.3

:
P ( t i ) =

P
( ti )
( ln t )

Pi
ti

P ( t i )

Pi Pi 1
ln t i ln t i 1

P ( t i )

Pi +1 Pi
ln t i +1 ln t i

P ( t i )

Pi +1 Pi 1
ln t i +1 ln t i 1

90

5.3
P ( t i )

Pi Pi 1
ln t i ln t i 1

P ( t i )

Pi +1 Pi
ln t i +1 ln t i

P ( t i )

ln t

Pi +1 Pi1
ln t i +1 ln t i 1

5.3

,
ln ti Pi
ti:

ln ti

Pi

0.14

272.75

0.18

274.67

48.00

18.00

33.00

0.22

275.39

18.00

28.25

23.12

0.26

276.52

28.25

-3.75

12.25

0.30

276.37

-3.75

20.50

8.38

0.34

277.19

20.50

7.25

13.88

0.38

277.48

7.25

2.75

5.00

0.42

277.59

2.75

5.00

3.88

0.46

277.79

5.00

7.50

6.25

0.50

278.09

7.50

2.50

5.00

0.54

278.19

2.50

6.00

4.25

0.58

278.43

6.00

-4.25

0.87

0.62

278.26

-4.25

3.00

-0.63

0.66

278.38

3.00

12.00

7.50

0.70

278.86

12.00

-9.25

1.38

0.74

278.49

-9.25

48.00

,


,

91

5.3

l2

l1

m1
m2

mi =

m1l2 + m 2 l1
l1 + l2

5.3

, ti,
[ln ti - ; ln ti + ]

:

, [ln ti - ; ln ti + ],
.
ti

(ln ti ) (ln ti) ,
m1. (ln ti) (ln ti + ) ,
m2. ti
m1 m2. ,
, ti
, [ln ti - ; ln ti + ].
m1 m2
( . ):
m l + m 2 l1
mi = 1 2
l1 + l2
92

5.3
2< 0.35

2
2< 0.35b

b
0.01

0.1

10

5.3

: 2 0.35

,
, 2/3

93

5.4

5.4

:

,

94

5.5 c

100

P
P
10

0.01

0.1

10

100

5.5 c

,
4:

.
!

95

5.5 c
100

10
100

PD
PD P
1 P
0.5 10

0.1
0.1

1
0.01

10
0.1

t D/ CD 100
t

10

10

10

100

5.5 c

.

:
~ : ,


~ : ,
1, ,
1

CDexp(2S)

( )
: ([t]M, [P]M) ([tD /CD] M, [PD ]M)

, 4
96

5.6

5.6

,
:

, 0,5.
kh
0.5 =
P
18.41qB
:
P =

qB
t
24Cs

- :
P =

9.205qB 0.00036kt
ln
0.81
2S
+
+

kh
c t rw2

, t
97

5.6

0.5
kh = 18.41qB
P
Cs =

qB t

24 P

0.00036kt
1 P
S = ln
0.81

2 P
c t rw2

5.6

, :
kh = 18.41qB

Cs =

0.5
P

qB t

24 P

0.00036kt
1 P
S = ln

0.81

2 P
c t rw2

98

1
( ) .

270

120
100

265

255

40
250

60

, /

80
260

20

245

0
-20

240
-15

15

30

45

60

75

:
.
, -

0.2

h
80

rw
0.08
B

p(t = 0)

ct
tp
q

99

1 3/3
1
2.20E-04
48
110
245.4

1/

3/

5
1.

,
,
?

2.

3.

4.

100

6.1

6.2
:
6.3
: MDH
6.4
6.5

101

6

pi

p(r,t)

ln r

Pi

( )

(
)

Pwf

,

. ,
,
. ,

, .

,

, .

-
.

:

( , ), ,
-
, ( ):
1 rD2

pD = Ei
2 4t D
102

6.1

(S= 0)
4
10 10

105

106

107

108

109

pD
10-1

10-2
10-1

10

t D / r D2

102

103

104

6.1

Ei(x),
. , ,
x < 0.01,
:
Ei( x ) = Ei( x ) = ln ( x )
= 1.781 .

.. :
2

1 rD2 1 t D
= ln 2 + 0.80907 rD < 0.01
p D = ln
2 4t D 2 rD
4t D

(rD = r / rw = 1).

kt
q B 0.00036 kt

> 25
p (r , t ) = pi 9.205 s
+
0
.
80907

ln
2

c
r
kh ct r 2
t

rD = 1, :

kt
q B 0.00036 kt
> 25

pwf = pi 9.205 s
S
ln
0
.
80907
2
+
+

2
2

c
r
kh ct rw
t w

103

6.1

pt= 1
pwf

mln = 9.205

qs B
kh

ln t

ln t = 0 t = 1

6.1

,
, :
1
, rD = 1: pwfD = [ln t D + 0.80907 + 2 S ]
2

q B
k
: pwf (t ) = pi 9.205 s
ln
ln
7
.
12034
2
t
+

+
S

ct rw2
kh

pi [];
t [].

pwf ln t (
) :
pwf = mln ln t + pt =1
q B
mln = 9.205 s
( = arctg mln );
kh

k
pt =1 = pi mln ln
7.12034 + 2 S ,
2
()
ct rw
t = 1, .. ln t = 0.

104

6.1

pwf = mln ln t + pt =1 pwf = mlog log t + pt =1

pwf (t ) = pi 9.205

pwf

q s B
k
7
.
12034
2

+
S
ln t + ln

ct rw2
kh

ln t
k = 9.205

pwf (t ) = pi 21.195

qs B
mln h

S=

1 pi pt =1
k
7
.
12034
ln
+

2 mln
ct rw2

qs B
k
3
.
09232
0
.
86859

+
S

log t + log
ct rw2
kh

pwf
log t

k = 21.195

qs B
mlog h

p pt =1

k
log
+
3
.
09232
S = 1.1513 i

ct rw2
mlog

6.1

ln t .

q B
k
pwf (t ) = pi 9.205 s
7.12034 + 2 S
ln t + ln
2
ct rw
kh

pwf ln t;

.

, , .

log t .

q B
k
pwf (t ) = pi 21.195 s
3.09232 + 0.86859 S
log t + log
2
ct rw
kh

, pwf
log t, ,
.

:
,
. , pt=1

.
105

1


265

120

263
100

261

80

257

255

60

253
40

251
249

20

247
245

0
0

20

40

60
t,

80

100

120

.
, .

:
= 0.2;
h = 80 ;
rw = 0.08 ;
Bo = 1;
= 1 ;
t = 2.2 x 10-4 1/;
q = 110 3/;
pi = 265.

106

q, 3/

259

6.2
:

pi
pw

pBU
pwf

pws

pwf(t= 0)
pex
wf

tp

pBU = pDD

qs B t p + t

(
)
ln
t p + t pDD t = 9.205
kh
t

6.2

tp q,
t,
,
, ..
:
q (tp + t) (0-q) t

:
q B
{pwD (t pD + tD ) pwD (t D )}
pws (t ) = pi 18.41 s
kh
:
;
, tp,
.

,

:
q B t p + t

ln
pws (t ) = pi 9.205 s

kh
t

, pws
ln [(tp + t)/t]
q B
mln = 9.205 s
kh
p* = pi.
107

6.2

pws

q B
, mln = 9.205 s
kh

p*

pws(t=1)

ln (t p + 1)

t p + t
ln 1
ln t

6.2

kh m
(
)
q B
kh = 9.205 s
pws ln((tp + t) / t)
mln
q B
kh = 21.195 s
pws log((tp + t) / t)
mlog
- , :
1 t = 1:
qB
pi pws (t = 1) = 9.205
ln (t p + 1)
kh
pwf(tp) = pws(t = 0):

qB
k
ln t p + ln
pi pwf (t p ) = 9.205
7.12034 + 2 S
2
ct rw
kh

-
pws ln((tp + t) / t) pws log((tp + t) / t) :
S=

t +1
1 pws (t = 1) pwf (t p )
k
+ ln p
ln
+ 7.12034

2
2
mln
tp
ct rw

pws (t = 1) pwf (t p )

t p +1
k
+ log
log
+
3
.
09232
S = 1.1513

mlog
tp
ct rw2

108

6.2

p*
p

p lin

ws

pws

ln

9.205

q s B
kh

t p + t

6.2

(tp + t) / t = 1,
t.
p* = pi ,
.
,
, .

.

,
tp, p*
. p*

, MBH (Matthews-Brons-Hazerbroek).

109

265
263

pws,

261
259
257

t p = 48

255

q = 110 3/

253

p(t= 0) = 245.4

251
249
247
245
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

t,

1.
, q
tp, 72 pws.
,
.

:
= 0.2;
h = 80 ;
rw = 0.08 ;
Bo = 1;
= 1 ;
t = 2.2 x 10-4 1/;
tp = 48 ;
q = 110 3/;
p(t=0) = 245.4 .

110

6.3
:
MDH
pi
pws

pDD

pw

pwf

pMDH

pwf(t p)

tp
0

6.3 MDH

ln[(tp + t) / t].

, ,
tp >> t:
q B
(ln t ln t p )
pi pws (t ) = 9.205 s
kh
.. ln t.
,
.

p pMDH tp >> t, .:

;
.

111

6.3 MDH
20

q B
kh = 9.205 s
mln

18
16
14
12

q B
kh = 21.195 s
mlog

10
8
6
4
2
0
-3

S=

-2

-1

k
1 pws (t = 1) pwf t p

ln
+
7
.
12034

mln
ct rw2
2

p (t = 1) pwf t p
k
S = 1.1513 ws
log
+
3
.
09232

mlog
ct rw2

6.3 MDH

MDH
pMDH ln t ( pMDH log t ) mln (
mlog) .

,
:

p*;
tp >> t

112

6.4

t pe

t p

6.4

.
,
tp q
( ).

tpe :
Q
t pe 24
q
Q .

tpe ,
, .
, ,
( ,
), ,
.

,
,
(
).

113

341

35

340

p,

25

338
337

20

336

335

15

334

10

333

332
331

0
0

100

200

t,

300

400

500

,
.
, .

:
= 0.36;
h = 5.3 ;
rw = 0.08 ;
Bo = 1.2;
=0.5 ;
t = 1.2 x 10-4 1/.

114

q, 3/

30

339

35

q1

, 3/

30

25
20

q4

15

t pe = 350
10

q3

q2

q5

0
0

100

200

t,

300

400

500

:
t = 0..100 , q1 = 31.8 3/
t = 100..200 , q2 = 0 3/
t = 200..300 , q3 = 7.95 3/
t = 300..400 , q4 = 15.9 3/
t = 400..500 , q5 = 0 3/

q4 = 15.9 3/. ,
:

[ ] + 7.95[
] 100
24[ ]

Q = 31.8 3

[ ] + 15.9[
] 100
24[ ]

[ ] = 231.9[ ]
] 100
24[ ]

tpe :
t pe 24

Q
q

[ ]

231.9 3
= 24
= 350
15.9 3 /

115

340.0

pws(t= 1)

339.5

pws

339.0
338.5
338.0
y = -0.4034x + 340.26

337.5
337.0
336.5
336.0
6

log [ (t pe + t)/ t]

,
:
mlog = 0.4034 /.
, ()
t = 1, .. log (tp + 1) = 2.55, pws(t=1) = 339.2 .

,
mlog pws(t=1).

116

340.0
339.5
339.0
338.5

k = 21.195

qs B
= 94
mlog h

338.0
337.5
337.0
336.5
336.0
6

pws (t = 1) pwf t p

t p +1
k
S = 1.1513
+ log
log
+
3
.
09232
= 2 .6
2
m
t

c
r

log
p
t w

m
:
k = 21.195

q 4 B
15.9 3 1.2 0.5
= 21.195
= 94
mlog h
0.4034[ . ] 5.3[]

pws(t=1) -:
pws (t = 1) pwf (t p )

t +1
k
+ log p
log
+ 3.09232 =
S = 1.1513
2
mlog
tp
ct rw

339.2[] 336[]
350[ ] + 1
= 1.1513
+ log

[
]
[
]

0
.
4034
/
.
350

log

94[ ]
+ 3.09232 = 2.6
4
2
2
0.36 0.5[ ]1.2 10 [1 ] 0.08

[ ]

, ..
,
.

117

6.5

6.5

,

:

B N
pi pwf (t ) = 18.41 (qi qi1 )pD (tN ti1 )
kh i=1

, ,
tN, :
t N ti
N 1

(qi qi 1 ) ln t t + t

B i =1
N
i

pws (t ) pwf (t N ) = 9.205

kh

kt
(q N q N 1 ) ln
7.12034 + 2 S
2

c
r
t
w

, ,
(tp + t) / t

N 1
t t
Sn(t ) = (qi qi 1 ) ln N i (q N q N 1 ) ln t
t N t i + t
i =1
118

6.5

p
p*

, mln = 9.205

B
kh

p1

Sn(t= 1)

Sn(t)

6.5

pws(t)
Sn(t),
m, ,
. m
, .. , ,
.

m kh:
kh = 9.205

B
mln

- S p1.
S=

k
1 p1 pwf (t N )
ln
+ 7.12034

2
ct rw
2 (q N 1 q N )mln

119

()

, 3/

35
30

q1

25
20

q3

15
10

q4

q5

q2

5
0
0

100

200

300

400

500

t1

t2

t3

t4

t5

t,

Sn(t ) =

4
i =1

(qi qi 1 ) ln

t5 ti
(q5 q4 ) ln (t )
t5 ti + t

()

.
Sn(t ) = q1 ln
+ (q3 q2 ) ln

t5 t1
t t
+ (q2 q1 ) ln 5 2 +
t5 t1 + t
t 5 t 2 + t

t t
t 5 t3
+ (q4 q3 ) ln 5 4 (q5 q4 ) ln t
t 5 t 3 + t
t 5 t 4 + t

qi ti ,
.

t = 1, pws(t=1).
Sn(t = 1) = q1 ln
+ (q3 q2 ) ln

t5 t1
t t
+ (q2 q1 ) ln 5 2 +
t5 t1 + 1
t5 t 2 + 1

t5 t3
t t
+ (q4 q3 ) ln 5 4
t5 t3 + 1
t5 t 4 + 1

120

()
pws(t) Sn(t)

340.0
339.5

pws(t= 1)

339.0

pws

338.5
338.0
y = 0.0114x + 339.23
337.5
337.0
336.5

Sn(t= 1)
336.0
-110

-60

Sn(t)

-10

40

()

pws(t)
Sn(t) , ,
. ,
:
mln = 0.0114 /3//.
, ()
t = 1, .. Sn(t = 1 ) = -0.09, pws(t=1) = 339.23 .

,
mln pws(t=1).

121

()
340.0
339.5
339.0

B
k = 9.205
= 90.5
mln h

338.5
338.0
337.5
337.0
336.5
336.0
-110

S=

40

k
1 p1 pwf (t N )

ln
+
7
.
12034

= 2.2
ct rw2
2 (q N 1 q N )mln

m pws(t)
Sn(t) :
B
1.2 0.5
= 9.205
= 90.5
mln h
0.0114 3 . 5.3[]

pws(t=1) -:
S=
=

1 pws (t = 1) pwf (t5 )

k
ln
+ 7.12034 =

2
(q4 q5 )mln
2
ct rw

1
339.2[] 336[]

3
2 (15.9 0 ) 0.0114 / 3 .

ln

-10

()

k = 9.205

-60

90.5[ ]
+
7
.
12034
= 2.2
0.36 0.5[ ]1.2 10 4 [1 ] 0.082 2

[ ]

,
, ,

.
122

6
1. / :
a) ;
b) ;
c) .
2. , :
a)
;
b) p1hr;
c) ;
d) .

6
3. - , :
a)
;
b) p1hr;
c) ;
d) .
4. MDH ?
5.
?
6.
?

123

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7

125

7.1

7.1

,
, .
- ,

,
,

126

7.2

7.2

. :

127

7.2

PD = PD ( t D , rD = 1, S ) + PD ( t D , 2rD , 0 )

7.2

,
d
, :
,

,
, 2d

PD = PD ( t D , rD = 1, S ) + PD ( t D , 2rD , 0 )

rD =

d
rw

128

7.2

m
2m
ln t

( 2rD ) 2
1
PD = ln t D + 0.81 + 2S E i

2
4t D

PD =

1
ln t D + 0.81 + 2S
2

PD = ln t D + 0.81 + S ln ( 2rD )

7.2

,
:
1
2
PD = ln t D + 0.81 + 2S E i ( 2rD ) 4t D

2
2
, ( 2rD ) 4t D ,
Ei- . ,
( m
):
P = 0.5 [ ln t + 0.81 + 2S]
D

, ,
.
,

( 2rD ) 4t D < 0.01 ( t ), Ei-
:
t
2
E i ( 2rD ) 4t D = ln D 2 + 0.81
( 2rD )
, :
PD = ln t D + 0.81 + S ln ( 2rD )
2

129

7.2

ln t

tr ti

d = 0.014

kt i
c t

d = 0.037

kt r
c t

7.2

,
c
ti:

0.5 [ ln t D + 0.81 + 2S] = ln t D + 0.81 + S ln ( 2rD )

rD , :
d = 0.014 kt i c t

,
,

tr,
:
d = 0.037 kt r c t
k []; t , []; ;
[]; ct [1/]; rw []

130

7.2

P2
=2
P1

log P
log P
P2
P1

log t

7.2

2mln

tr, ,
,
.
tr ,

131

7.3

7.3

, ,
,

:

(, )
,

l d

, ,
:


. ,

132

7.3

PD ( t D ) = 4t Dl + + S

Pi Pwf ( t ) = 1.239

qB

hl kc t

t+

18.41qB
( + S)
kh

7.3

.
:
PD ( t D ) = 4t Dl + + S

t Dl = 0.00036 kt c t l - ,
l, = ln ( l 2rw ) ln ( sin e ) - ,
, e = d l
-
2

:
Pi Pwf ( t ) = 1.239

qB

hl kc t

t+

18.41qB
( + S)
kh

P []; q , [3/]; B ;
[]; k []; h []; t ,
[]; ; ct [1/]; rw
[]

133

7.3

266
265,5
265
264,5

P
P0

ml

264

263,5

263
262,5
262

00

l = 1.239

qB
hml

10

15

20

25

30

kc t

35

d = e l

kh
( Pi P0 ) S
18.41qB

e=

1
Arc sin
exp ( )

2rw

7.3

,
, l
e

[ , ]

, ml, :
l = 1.239

qB
hml

kc t

, Po,
:
kh
=
( Pi P0 ) S
18.41qB

e=

l
1
Arc sin
exp ( )

2rw

134

7.3

100

10

log P
log P

1/ 2

0,1
0,001

0,01

0,1

1 log t 10

100

1000

10000

7.3

,
n, n

, ,

:
: 1
: m
:
2m ( d/l<0,2)
: 0,5

135

7.4

l
d

7.4

136

7.4
266

265

a
264

263

2ml
l

262

ml
261

260

10

15

20

25

30

35

al

PD ( t D ) = 4t Dl + + S

PD ( t D ) = 2 4t Dl + + + S

7.4

:
. : ,

:
PD ( t D ) = 2 4t Dl + + + S

= 2rDl ln 1 exp ( 2rDl )

1
ln 1 exp ( 2rDl ) cos ( 2e ) + exp ( 1 exp ( 4rDl ) )
2

rDl =

a
l

137

7.4
266

265

264

263

2ml

262

ml
261

260

10

tx

15

a = 0.01

20

25

30

35

kt x
c t

7.4

:
4t Dl = 2rDl + ln 1 exp ( 2rDl ) +

1
+ ln 1 exp ( 2rDl ) cos ( 2e ) + exp ( 1 exp ( 4rDl ) )
2
rDl,
, a>>l, .
:
4t Dl = 2rDl

, :
kt x
a = 0.01
c t

138

7.4

100

10

log P
log P
1

0,1
0,001

0,01

0,1

1 log t 10

100

1000

10000

7.4

.
(P t1/2)
2

,
, (
> ).

139

7.5

7.5

140

7.5

2m

2m /
ln t

= 2

m1
-
m2

7.5

,
,
, , m1=m,
. ,
m2=2m/, ,

,

2m,

:
m
= 2 1
m2

141

7.5

log P

2mln/

log P

2mln
mln

log t

7.5

-
,

,
2mln/

,
2mln/,
2mln

142

7.5

logP

45

log P

90
1

log t

7.5

,
.
,

mln 2mln/
- ,
0,5

143

7.6

7.6

, :

,

144

7.6

2d

-q

PD = PD ( t D , rD = 1, S) PD ( t D , 2rD , 0 )

7.6

2d

,
:
PD = PD ( t D , rD = 1, S) PD ( t D , 2rD , 0 )
,

145

7.6

( 2rD )2
1

PD = ln t + 0.81 + 2S + E i
4t D
2

PD =

1
ln t + 0.81 + 2S
2

PD = S + ln ( 2rD )

7.6

, ( , ):
2
PD = 0.5 ln t + 0.81 + 2S + E i ( 2rD ) 4t D

2
, ( 2rD ) 4t D
, :
PD = 0.5 [ ln t + 0.81 + 2S]

2 (
( 2rD ) 4t D < 0.01 )
:
2
2
E i ( 2rD ) 4t D = ln t D ( 2rD ) + 0.81

:
PD = S + ln ( 2rD )
:

18.41qB d
P =
ln + S
kh
rw

146

7.6

tr

ln t

ti

d = 0.014

kt i
c t

d = 0.037

kt r
c t

7.6

,
, :
m
,

,
:
1
rD =
exp ( 0.81) t Di
2
:
d = 0.014

kt i
c t

,
tr,
m:
d = 0.037

147

kt r
c t

7.6

logP
log P

log t

7.6

148

7.7

-
-

7.7

, ,
,

, ,
,

:
: ,
..
,
. Dietz

:
q
Vi = i V
qt
Vi , ;
qi ;
qt ;
V

149

7.7
1 A 1 2.2458
PD = 2t DA + ln 2 + ln
+S
2 rw 2
CA
Dietz

CA

ln CA

1 2.2458 Exact
ln
for
2
CA
t >
DA

60o

1/3

Use infinite
Less
than 1% system solution
with less than 1%
error
error for tDA<
for tDA

31.62

3.4538

-1.3224

0.1

0.06

0.10

31.6

3.4532

-1.3220

0.1

0.06

0.10

27.6

3.378

-1.2544

0.2

0.07

0.09

27.1

3.2995

-1.2452

0.2

0.07

0.09

21.9

3.0865

-1.1387

0.4

0.12

0.08

7.7

:
1 A 1 2.2458
PD = 2t DA + ln 2 + ln
+S
2 rw 2
CA
t DA = 0.00036 kt c t A ; ;
,

, , , ,
CA=31.62, :
1 r
PD = 2t DA + ln e 0.75
2 rw
re

,
.
CA ,

150

7.7

Pi Pwf =

0.042 qB
9.205qB A
2.2458
t+
ln
ln
2S
+
+
2

kh
r
C
c t hA
A
w

Pwf
m*

P0

Pwf = -m* t + P0

7.7

:
Pi Pwf =

0.042 qB
9.205qB A
2.2458
t+
+ 2S
ln 2 + ln
c t hA
kh
CA
rw

Pwf = -m* t + P0

m*
A hA

P0 CA

151

7.7

A=

0.042 qB
c t hm*

Pi P0

A
CA = 2.2458 exp
+ ln 2 + 2S
m
rw
ln

m ln =

9.205qB
kh

7.7

A :
A=

0.042 qB
c t hm*

CA :
P P

A
C A = 2.2458 exp i 0 + ln 2 + 2S
rw
m ln

m
,
:
9.205qB
m ln =
kh

-,

152

7.7
Dietz

60o

1/3

Use infinite
Less
1 2.2458 Exact than 1% system solution
ln
for
with less than 1%
error
2
CA
tDA>
error for tDA<
for tDA

CA

ln CA

31.62

3.4538

-1.3224

0.1

0.06

0.10

31.6

3.4532

-1.3220

0.1

0.06

0.10

27.6

3.378

-1.2544

0.2

0.07

0.09

27.1

3.2995

-1.2452

0.2

0.07

0.09

21.9

3.0865

-1.1387

0.4

0.12

0.08

7.7

tDA,

-:



1%

1%

153

7.7

log P

log P

log t

7.7

,
1

154

7.7

7.7

.
-

155

7.7

logP
log P

log t
logt (e)

7.7

,
,

156

7.7
, MBH

P*

Pws

10

100

ln (t p+ t)/ t

100 000

1 000 000

7.7

P*

(tp+t)/t=1

-
, P*

,
. ,
, P*

157

7.7
, MBH
t p + t

Pi Pws ( t ) = m ln ln
+ F t p , t
t

Pi P* = m ln F t p

Pi P = m ln 4t pDA

P* P
= 4t pDA + F t p
m ln

7.7

, .
:
t + t

Pi Pws ( t ) = m ln ln p
+ F ( t p , t )
t

t. :
Pi P* = m ln F ( t p )
,
:
Pi P = mln 4t pDA
, ,
:
P* P
= 4t pDA + F ( t p )
m ln
F(tp) .
:


m
P*
tp
158

7.7

PD MBH=(P*- P)/m

, MBH

tpDA

7.7

Matthews, Brons Hazenbroek

4tpDA+F(tp) = PD MBH -

159

7.7
, MBH

t SSS = ( t DA )SSS

c t A
0.00036 k

1.

2.

, t p t SSS

3.

P*

4.

t pDA, t p t SSS

5.

PMBH

6.

P = P* m ln PD MBH = P*

m log
2.303

PD MBH

7.7

:
1. :
c t A
t SSS = ( t DA )SSS
0.00036 k

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

, (tDA)SSS
Dietz, Exact for
tDA> CA
, tp tSSS
P*
tpDA, tp tSSS:
0.00036 kt p / SSS
t pDA =
c t A
PMBH
:
P = P* m ln PD MBH = P*

160

m log
2.303

PD MBH

7.7

PD MBH=(P*- P)/mln

, MBH

tpDA

t pDA > t D SSS

PD MBH = ln CA t pDA

P = P* m ln ln CA t pDA

7.7

,
, PD MBH log tpDA

,
, :

PD MBH = ln ( CA t pDA )

P = P* m ln ln ( C A t pDA )

161

1
.

265

150

264.8

100

264.4

, /

264.6

264.2
264

263.8

50

263.6
263.4
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0
200

h
rw

ct

q
Pi

162

0.2
80
0.08
1 3/3

1
2.20E-04 1/
110 3/
265

2
.

265

150

264.8

100

264.2

264.4

, /

264.6

264

263.8

50

263.6
263.4
263.2
263
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0
500

h
rw

ct

q
Pi

0.2
80
0.08
1 3/3

1
2.20E-04 1/
110 3/
265

k - S
1
163

3
.

265

150

264

100

263.5

, /

264.5

263

50

262.5

262
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0
200

180

0.2

h
80

rw
0.08

B
1

1

ct
2.20E-04

q
110

Pi
265

3/3

1/
3/

k - S
1
164

4
150 3/ 360
24 .

:
160
260
250

140

240

120
100
80

220
210

200
190

60
40
20

180

170
160
355

, /

230

360

365

370

375

380

-20
385

, .
A=640 000 2;
CA=10.837
:

k

rw

0.2
40
7
0.08

1 3/3

ct
q
Pi
tp

5.0E-05
150
265
360

640 000 2

CA
165

10.837

1/
3/

7
1.

2.

3.

,
,

4.

, ,
?

5.

6.

7
7.

?
?

8.

? ?

9.

,
?
?

10.
?
?
11.
P* MBH?

166

8.1
8.2
8.3

167

8.1

( Matthews Russell)

8.1

, (
)
.
,
.

168

8.1

, km, m, cm

, kf, f, cf

PD =

kf h
18.41qB

tD =

0.00036 k f t

c f + m cm ) rw

2 :

- (storativity
ratio, ): 0.01 - 0.1,
0.1 0.2

(transmissivity ratio, ): 10-3 10-7

f cf
f c f + m cm

km 2
rw
kf

8.1

,
.

.
- (storativity ratio, ),
. ,
- .
0.01 - 0.1,
0.1 0.2.

(transmissivity ratio, ),
.
10-3 10-7.
.

.
.

169

8.1

8.1

Warren Root
,
.
, .

(xm )

170

8.1

8.1

. ,
-
.
,
. ,
,
,
.
.
,
, .

,
- .
,
.

171

8.1

0.01765 + log t D p D

t D min

log =

0.94903

p D
1
1
1
t
1

=
+

D t
2
D min

t D min

8.1

-
,
, .

,

.

172

8.1

21.195qB
kh =
m

= 10

t p + 1
P1hr Pt =0

k
S = 1.1513
log
+ log
+ 3.09232
m
ct
2

t p
1 rw

t Dmin

tD =

0.00036 k f t

ct rw 2

t D min =

1
ln

8.1

.
.
,
.
-
.
,
, .

,
, .

.

173

8.1

8.1

174

8.1

, ,
.
95 3/ (600 bbl/d)
300 .
600 .

, -
( -
):

1.2

20 (65.6 ft)

1.5

0.15

1.1*10-4 -1 (7.5*10-6 psi-1)

8.1
,

, psi

2482.483

168.9

0.00101

2510.191

170.8

0.00131

2518.363

171.3

0.00171

2528.65

172.0

0.00226

2542.32

172.9

0.00296

2558.954

174.1

0.00388

2579.396

175.5

0.0051

2604.722

177.2

0.00668

2634.855

179.2

0.00879

2670.746

181.7

0.01151

2711.487

184.5

0.01511

2757.823

187.6

0.01984

2808.609

191.1

0.026

2862.273

194.7

0.03412

2917.792

198.5

0.04477

2973.295

202.3

0.05872

3027.168

205.9

0.07706

3078.487

209.4

0.10107

3126.449

212.7

0.1326

3171.091

215.7

0.17398

3212.696

218.6

0.22827

3251.704

221.2

0.29947

3288.579

223.7

0.39288

3323.746

226.1

0.51547

3357.461

228.4

175

0.67627

3389.873

230.6

0.88724

3421.046

232.7

1.164

3450.956

234.8

1.52713

3479.508

236.7

2.00354

3506.54

238.5

2.62857

3531.845

240.3

3.44861

3555.185

241.8

4.52444

3576.325

243.3

5.93588

3595.092

244.6

7.78766

3611.43

245.7

10.21713

3625.492

246.6

13.40448

3637.696

247.5

17.58618

3648.751

248.2

23.07242

3659.577

249.0

30.27017

3671.137

249.7

39.71332

3684.221

250.6

52.10242

3699.272

251.7

68.35641

3716.327

252.8

89.68106

3735.042

254.1

117.6582

3754.764

255.4

154.36313

3774.634

256.8

202.51859

3793.763

258.1

265.69678

3811.423

259.3

348.58411

3827.165

260.4

457.32922

3840.826

261.3

8.2

8.2

2-
, ,
.
.

.

176

8.2

k1, h1

k2, h2

PD =

k1h1 + k 2 h2
P
18.41qB

(k h + k h ) t
tD
= 0.00226 1 1 2 2
CD

3 :

kh
kh

(ct h )1
(ct h )1 + (ct h )2

= rw 2
=

(kh )2
(kh )1 + (kh )2
k1h1
k1h1 + k 2 h2

8.2

k1 h1, k2
h2. 3 :
,
kh kh
.

.

177

8.2

8.2

kh .
,
, ,
. kh .

.

1, 0,
.
,
().

3
.
. = 0.5
.

178

8.3

8.3

k1h1 + k 2 h2
k=
h1 + h2

.
2- ,
20 .
.
- (
100 1000)
. , 2-
.

.

179

9.1
9.2
9.3

181

xf

9.1

kf
h

9.1

. 1000
,
:
(h), xf
, (w).

182

9.1

, ,

2

t Dxf

rw
k t
= tD 2
=
2
c xf
xf

(
)
(
300,
)

9.1

. ,
(
300).
,
( 300).

183

9.1

1.38 14
PD =
t Dxf
FCD

-
(

).

FCD = k fD w fD =

kf
k

w
xf

1
dpD
1.38 1
=
t Dxf 4
d ln t Dxf
k fD w fD 4

300

9.1

,
.

.

184

9.1

:

pD
p

loglog (quarter slope)



t
1
1.38
PD =
t 4 Dxf
k fD w fD

9.1

. ,
4 .

.


. ,
2 .
.

( )
,
- .

185

9.1

9.1

( ) ( )
.


. ,

. ,

.
.

186

9.1

pwf
pi

6.215qB
= pi
x f kh FCD

k 4
t
ct

6.215qB
mbl =
x f kh FCD

pwf
mbl

k
ct

6.215qB
xf =
mbl kh FCD

k
ct

t
9.1

( )

,

.

187

9.1

:

:
pD
p
log-log

PD = t Dxf

log pD = 1 log t Dxf + 1 log

2
2

9.1

,

.
, 2 .

.

( )
,
.

188

9.1

( )
pi

pwf = pi 0.619

pwf

qB
hx f

ml = 0.619

ml

t
kct
qB
hx f

kct

x f = 0.619

qB

ml h kct

20-30%

9.1

( )

,

. ,

20-30%.

189

9.1

3.14FCD > 3

:


.
:

t Dx f

100
=
3.14 FCD

t Dx f = 0.016

:

:

t Dx f

0 .1
=
3.14 FCD

t Dx f = 5 exp 0.5 FCD

0.6

9.1

,

.

190

9.1

.
95 3/ (600 bbl/ d)
300 .
600
.

:
1.2
20 (65.6 ft)
1.5
0.17
1.1* 10-4 atm-1 (7.5* 10-6 psi-1)
, FCD = 3

.

9.1
,

, psi

0.67627

3391.5

230.7

3265.8

222.2

0.88724

3401.8

231.4

0.00101

3268.5

222.3

1.164

3413.0

232.2

0.00131

3269.3

222.4

1.52713

3425.3

233.0

0.00171

3270.2

222.5

2.00354

3438.6

233.9

0.00226

3271.6

222.6

2.62857

3453.0

234.9

3468.5

236.0

0.00296

3273.1

222.7

3.44861

0.00388

3275.1

222.8

4.52444

3485.3

237.1

0.0051

3277.5

223.0

5.93588

3503.5

238.3

0.00668

3280.4

223.2

7.78766

3523.0

239.7

0.00879

3283.8

223.4

10.21713

3543.8

241.1

0.01151

3287.7

223.7

13.40448

3565.8

242.6

0.01511

3292.3

224.0

17.58618

3588.7

244.1

0.01984

3297.4

224.3

23.07242

3612.5

245.7

0.026

3302.9

224.7

30.27017

3636.6

247.4

0.03412

3308.8

225.1

39.71332

3661.1

249.1

0.04477

3315.0

225.5

52.10242

3685.5

250.7

0.05872

3321.4

225.9

68.35641

3709.4

252.3

0.07706

3328.1

226.4

89.68106

3732.8

253.9

0.10107

3334.9

226.9

117.6582

3755.0

255.4

0.1326

3342.0

227.3

154.36313

3776.0

256.9

0.17398

3349.4

227.9

202.51859

3795.2

258.2

0.22827

3357.1

228.4

265.69678

3812.6

259.4

0.29947

3365.0

228.9

348.58411

3828.0

260.4

0.39288

3373.3

229.5

457.32922

3841.4

261.3

0.51547

3382.0

230.1

191

9.2
Late time radial
Early time radial flow

Hemiradial flow

Linear flow

9.2

,
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
. ,
,
,
,
.

:
h kh
0.5

kv

0.5.
khh L(kvkh)0.5

192

9.2

t DL =

0.000355k h t
h zw
1
.
28
=

2
ct L
L

t DL

0.000355 k h t
=
= 1 .5 2
2
ct L
9.2

.
,
.

, 1.5 2.0.

193

9.2

m1 =

21.195qs B
Lw k v k h

(P P )

kv kh
i
t =1

log
+ 3.09
S = 1.15
2
m

cr
1

(
)
:
: ,
,
,

9.2

,
,
.

.
(
).

:
: ,
,
, -

194

9.2

m2 = 21.195

qs B
kh h

S ' = Sg +

h kh
S
L kv

Sg

4
4rw h k h
h
k

h
+
S g = Ln
Ln
k
z

L L kv 2r sin w
v

w
h

- ()
,

9.2

,
, ,
,
.

.

.
.

195

9.2

1.

2. kh

3. p t
L
4. ,
, m1 kv
kh
5. -
6.

9.2

,
.
-,
.

,
- .

196

9.2

9.2

197

9.3

9.3

-
( + )

-
-

198

9.3

9.3

:
(
),
(
: 1
1,
( ,
)

-
,

,

199

9.3

9.3

0.5

ko w
o k w

0.5

,
.

,
.

200

r1 =
m1 = 21.195

V1
h (S w S wi )
qs Bw w
kwh

m2 = 21.195

qs Bo o

ko h

P P

kw
+
3
.
09232
S = 1.1513 i 1hr log

wctw rw 2
m1

P P

ko
S = 1.1513 i 1hr log
+
3
.
09232

o ct rw 2
m2

S' =

k
r
ko w
S + o w 1 ln 1
o k w
o k w
rw

9.3

9.3

.

,
, .

-
.
,
, . -,
,
.

- -
,
.

201

9.3

( Abbaszadeh Kamal, 1989)

9.3

( Abbaszadeh Kamal, 1989)

.
2
( 24 )

,
,

, 4 ,
300 ft

,
,
-

202

10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5

10.6 :

203

10

10

:
, p, t ;

;

;
(
);
t p ,
,
,
, ,
.

,
, .

, ..
.
,
.
204

10

Z
= const
p

Z= const

p2 p02
=
i Zi

= ( p p0 )

( p)
136

204

2 pi
i Zi

()

10

(=const)
.

.


tps:
p
t
p
1
dp
= 2
t ps =
dt
( p )Z ( p )
( p )ct ( p )
p0
0
p0 , ,
.

136 , Z const
:
p 2 p02
=
i Zi
204 , Z
:
2p
= ( p p0 ) i
i Zi
136 204 ,
- .

205

p,
,
z

=2

p
dp
( p )Z ( p )
p0

0.01198

0.9987

13.61

0.01235

0.9839

27.22

0.01277

0.9686

40.83

0.01319

0.9544

54.44

0.01362

0.9414

68.05

0.01405

0.9296

81.66

0.01451

0.9194

95.26

0.01496

0.9107

108.9

0.01542

0.9038

122.5

0.01589

0.8986

136.1

0.01636

0.8953

206

10.1

S = S 0 + Dq
S = S 0 + D qn qn 1

Si

i= 3

i= 4

i= 2
S0

i= 1

D
qn - qn-1

S -
S0 -
D ,

q , 3/
qD -,
-

10.1

, ,
.
.
,
.
,
- qD.

- , :
S = S0 + qD

- , :
S = S0 + (qn - qn-1)D

D - S0,
-- Si
. Si S q
( qn qn-1) :
D , ;
S0 , .

207

10.2

psc =
1

p2

Tsc =
289K

pD =

pD =
pD =

kh
pi pwf
18.41qB
kh p pi pwf

63.8 Z (T + 273.15)qsc
kh pi2 pwf2

127.6 Z (T + 273.15)qsc

pD =

kh wf

127.6(T + 273.15)qsc

m=

9 . 205 qB
kh

m = 31.9

qsc Z (T + 273.15)
kh p

m = 63.8

qsc Z (T + 273.15)
kh

m = 63.8

qsc (T + 273.15)
kh

10.2

.
,
.

:
T = 15
p = 1

,
.
(p p2),
.

208

500

400

450

350
300

400

250
350
200
300

150

250

100

200

50

150

0
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

-,

( -)
.

:

;

;

-;

;

;

209

, 3/

log

log t

.
, ,
.

()
:

, Cs =
0.075 3/;

210

()

log (t p+ t)/ t

, *.

(
) :
* = 492 ;
k = 2.5 ;
S = - 0.58.

.
.
.

* ,
(486.5
).

, pi.

211

log

log t

* , .. .

,

.

212

()

:
k = 3.3 ;
S = - 0.01;
p* = 472.7 .

- ,
.
,
,

.

p* .

213

1
2

log

3
3

log t

- D,
.

,
( , ).

0.07 3/.

214

()

1
2
3
3

, , ,
.

,
.
,
k = 3.3
. ,
,
( ).

- .

215

- S

, 3/

-
- S q.
,
:
D = 7.31 10-3 [. 3/]-1 ,
;
S0 = - 2.17 , .

216

1
2
3
3

-

, -
.

S0 D ,
,
k = 3.3 .

217

, 3/

:
k = 3.3 ;
- S0 = -2.17, D = 7.31 10-3 [.
3/]-1 , Cs = 0.07 3/
;
* ,
, , ,

.

,
.
pi = 492 ,
. pi = 486.5
.
.
, ..
( ) .

pi,
. ,
pi = 486.8 .
218

,
( ,
,
,
-). ,
,
.
( ).

, ..

, .
,
.

,
( 45 ).
.

.
D S0 pi.

. .
219

10.3

pwf1
pwf2

pwf3

pwf4
t

q3

q
q2
q1

10.3

, ..
pwf ( ).

,
.

,
,
,
.
.

(,
)
.

220

10.3

i wf
q

i wf = a q + b q 2
b

63.8 (T + 273.15)
4A
+ 2S
a=
ln
2

kh
C A rw

b=

127.6 (T + 273.15)
D
kh

, 2
,
= 1.781 -

10.3

:

( wf)/q

b
a.

, .
(AOFP)
AOFP ,
.
a + a 2 + 4b( )
AOFP =
2b
,

,
.
i
i wf = aq + bq2 (
).

221

10.4

pwf1

pwf2
pwf3

pwf4

pwf5
t

q4

q3
q1

q2
t

10.4

,

.

.
,

.
(
).

tp
:
tp = 4 max (tws, t30)
tws ,
t30 , ,
30 .
ct
t30 = 207405
kh

222

10.4

i wf

i wf = at q + b q 2

a
b

at

63.8 (T + 273.15)
kt
127.6 (T + 273.15)
7.12 + 2S b =
ln
at =
D
2
ct r

kh
kh
w

10.4

.
i
i wf = atq + bq2

at . ..
, ( wf)/q
( )
b at.

,
( wf)/q q b
a.

:
( wf)/q, q
;
, , b
at;
, ,
, , ,
.
a
223

10.5

pws1

pwf1

pws2

pws3

pwf2
pwf4

pwf3

pwf5
t

q4

q3
q1

q2
t

10.5

,
,
,
.
.

,
.
,
.

224

10.5

ws wf

a
b

at
q

10.5


.

i
ws,
.

225

10.6
:
p2

100

q = C p 2

(pi2 p2)

10

log q = n log p 2 + log C

1
log C
n
1

1/ n
1

10
q

AOFP 100

10.6
:

1936
Rawlins Schellhardt
:
q = C(p2)n,
p2 = pi2 pwf2

, .

n , ,
0.5 1. n = 1 ,
.

C n, a b.
D.N.Cornelson :
1

1
1 n 1
1 n 2 1
a = qn 2
b = q n 1
n

n
C
C
:
, log q
log p2:
log q = n log p2+log C
.. log p2 log q
1/n.
226

10.6
:

p2
100
(pi2 p2)
10

1
log C
n
1

1/ n
1

10
q

AOFP 100

10.6
:

, log p2 log q
1/n:
p2 = pi2 pwf2
pwf2 .

AOFP p2 = pi2 p2, p .

227

10.6
:


p2
(pi2

100
p2)

10

1
log C
n
1

1/ n
1

10
q

AOFP 100

10.6
:

:

log p2 log q.
1/n
,
, 1/n
( )
AOFP
p2 = pi2 p2

, , pi

pwsi

: ,
.
(AOFP) ,
.
,
.

228

10
1.
.
2. -.
3.
.
4.
.

10
5. ,
:
a. ;
b. ;
c. ;
6. p2 q
:
a. ;
b. ;
c. ;
d. .

229

11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4

231

11.1

11.1

,
.
:
1. ,
( )
.
, ,
,
. ,
.
2.
,

.

. .
3.

.
, .

.
232

11.1

pwf

po
0

, t

11.1

.
.

,
t = 0, .
,
pi.

, ..
pi po.
, ( ).

,
.
.
.
dp
qsf = 24CS
dt
101325 At
C S =
, 3/
24
At , 2
, /3

233

11.2

1
PD =
CD

tD

Pslug D ( ) d

tD

PD =
Pslug D
CD

11.2

, , ,
,

:
1
PD =
CD

PD =

kh ( Pi Pwf ( t ) )
18.41 qB

tD

slug D

( ) d

CD =

0.159 Cs
hc t rw2

tD =

0.00036 kt
c t rw2

- , 4-
.
Pslug D =

Pi Pwf ( t )
Pi P0

234

t
PD = D Pslug D
CD

11.2

PD =

0.00226 kh
I ( P )
Cs ( Pi P0 )

0.00226 kh
t P
PD =
Cs ( Pi P0 )

I ( P ) = P ( ) d
0

11.2

Bourdet 5-

:
0.00226 kh
0.00226 kh
PD =
t P
PD =
I ( P )
C
P
P

(
)
Cs ( Pi P0 )
s
i
0

I ( P ) = P ( ) d
0

:
Cs = 10328.7

Vu
= cV

:
k []; h []; q , [3/]; B
; []; t , []; Pi, Pwf
, []; ; ct [1/]; rw
[]; Cs , [3/];
Vu , [2]; , [/3]

235

11.2
0.00226 kh
log PD = log I ( P ) + log

Cs ( Pi P0 )
0.00226 kh
log PD = log ( t P ) + log

C
P
P

(
)
s i 0

0.00226 kh
t
log D = log t + log

C
S
D

11.2

, :
0.00226 kh
t
log D = log t + log

CS
CD

0.00226 kh
log PD = log ( I ( P ) ) + log

Cs ( Pi P0 )

0.00226 kh
log PD = log ( t P ) + log

C
P
P

(
)
s
i
0

, I(P)(t)
, tP
,
.

236

11.2

100

I(P)
tP
10

0.01

0.1

10

100

11.2

4- 5- :

I(P)(t) tP
.
!

237

11.2
100

10
100

PD
PD I(P)
1

tP

0.5 10

0.1
0.1

1
0.01

10

t D/ CD 100

0.1

10

10

10

100

11.2

:
~ : ,

.
~ : ,
1, ,
1
, ,
,
.

CDexp(2S)

( )
: ([t]M, [I(P)]M) ([tD /CD] M, [PD ]M)

238

11.2
kh = 441.67 Cs ( Pi P0 )

PD

I ( P ) M

[ t D CD ]M
kh = 441.67 Cs
[ t ]M

1 hc t rw2
S = ln
CD exp ( 2S) M
2 0.159Cs

11.2

, kh:
[ PD ]M
kh = 441.67 Cs ( Pi P0 )
I ( P ) M

()
:
[ t D CD ]M
kh = 441.67 Cs
[ t ]M

CDexp(2S) -:

1 hc t rw2
S = ln
CD exp ( 2S) M
2 0.159 Cs

239

11.2
I(P)
t

I ( P ) = P ( ) d
0

I ( P ) = y1

I ( P ) = y 2

I ( P )

n
i =1
n
i =1

Pi ( t i t i 1 )
Pi 1 ( t i t i 1 )

y1 + y2
2

11.2
I(P) .
,

:
( :
, :
.

i =1
n

I ( P ) = y1 Pi ( t i t i 1 )

t0 = 0

I ( P ) = y 2 Pi 1 ( t i t i 1 )
i =1

I ( P )

y1 + y 2
2

240

P,

.,
y1

.,
y2

0.0000

17.863

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.0833

14.869

1.239

1.488

1.363

0.1667

24.259

3.262

2.728

2.995

0.2500

16.025

4.597

4.749

4.673

0.3333

18.407

6.130

6.084

6.107

0.4167

14.937

7.376

7.619

7.497

0.5000

13.508

8.501

8.863

8.682

11.3

*
pwcD

pwcD (t D ) 0.00226kh I (p )
=
qcD (t D )
pwf p0
C s

pwcD*

.

11.3

,

,
-, . ,
,
.
.

. Ramey ,

, .

pwcD

pwcD*.

pwcD*
, ,
, I(p)/(pwfp0) t

.

241

11.3
*
=
pwcD

4t
1 4t D
= 1.151log D
ln
2

*
pwcD

0.00226kh I (p )
pwf p0
C s

4t
0.00226kh I (p )
1.151 log D + S
pwf p0
C s

11.3

, pwcD* :
*
pwcD
=

4t
1 4t D
= 1.151log D
ln
2

, -,
:
4t
0.00226kh I (p )
1.151log D + S
( pwf p0 )
C s

I(p)/(pwfp0) t
mlog:
mlog =

21.195 (24 ) C s
kh

242

11.3
4t
4t
24Cs
I (p )
log D + S = mlog log D + S
21.195
pwf p0
kh


tD =

S=

0.00036kt
ct rw2

4 0.00036kt
I (p )

mlog log
2
pwf p0
ct rw

11.3

-
,
I(p)/(pwfp0) t.

-
S=

4 0.00036kt
I (p )

mlog log
2
( pwf p0 )

c
r
t w

243

11.4
,

,

Gringarten

,
,

11.4

.
,
. ,
,
.

,
.

(qs = const)
log-log
/.
, ,
.

,
pwf pi
p=pipwf pwf
( ).
244

1
.

235

230

225

220

215

210

205
-0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.1

1.2

1.3

: -

0.45

rw

0.105

0.409

ct

3.38-04 1/

cwf

1.1E-04 1/

Vw

52.62 3

Pi

233.23

P0

215.37

245

12

I(p)/ (pwf-p0),

1
0.2
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.1471
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0.0100

mlog= 0.05457

0.1000

t,

1.0000

10.0000

kh =

24 Vwcwf
21.195 (24) Cs
= 21.195
=
mlog
mlog

[ ]

24 0.409[ ] 52.62 3 1.110 4 1

= 21.195
= 22.07[ ]
0.05457[ ]

S=

4 0.00036kt
I (p )
=
mlog log
2
( pwf p0 )
ct rw

4 0.00036 1.8[ ]1[ ]

= 0.1471[ ] 0.05457[ ]log
4
1
2
2
1.781 0.45 0.409[ ] 3.38 10 0.105
= 0.1471[ ] 0.05457[ ]log(2121.97 ) = 0.03

246

[ ]

I(P); t*P

10

0.1

0.01
0.001

0.01

0.1

10

1

([t]M, [I(P)]M) ([tD /CD] M, [PD ]M) ,
CDexp(2S)=100
[PD ]M = 10
[I ( P )]M = 6
[t D CD ]M = 1
[t] = 0.04
M

kh = 441.67 Cs ( Pi P0 )

[ PD ]M
I ( P ) M

= 441.67 c wf Vw ( Pi P0 )

= 441.67 1.1 104 52.62 ( 233.23 215.37 ) 0.409

kh = 441.67 Cs

[ t D CD ]M
[ t ]M

10
= 30 [ ]
6

= 441.67 1.1104 52.62 0.409

1
= 25.3[ ]
0.04

1 hc t rw2
S = ln
C D exp ( 2S) M =
2 0.159 Cs

1 12 0.45 3.38 104 0.1052

= ln

100
= 0.4
2 0.159 1.1 104 52.62

247

[ PD ]M
I ( P ) M

1

([t]M, [I(P)]M) ([tD /CD] M, [PD ]M) ,
CDexp(2S)=10
[PD ]M = 10
[I ( P )]M = 8.5
[t D CD ]M = 1
[t]M = 0.045
kh = 441.67 Cs ( Pi P0 )

[ PD ]M
I ( P ) M

= 441.67 c wf Vw ( Pi P0 )

[ PD ]M
I ( P ) M

10
= 441.67 1.1 104 52.62 ( 233.23 215.37 ) 0.409
= 21.3 [ ]
8.5
[ t D CD ]M
=
kh = 441.67 Cs
[ t ]M

441.67 1.1104 52.62 0.409

1
= 22.5 [ ]
0.045

1 hc t rw2
S = ln
C D exp ( 2S ) M =
2 0.159 Cs

2
4

1 12 0.45 3.38 10 0.105

= ln
10 = 0.09
4
2 0.159 1.110 52.62

248

12.1
12.2 :
12.3 :
12.4 : -
12.5
12.6

249

12.1

rw

12.1

,

. ,

,
,
, ,
.

.
, , , ,
, .

:
;

.

250

, q

12.1

t
t1

t
t1

12.1

.
0.01 0.1 ,
:
, ,
;

. ,

, ,
, .

, ,

, :
.

;

.
, ,
.

251

12.2 :

- Theis
4
10 10

105

106

107

108

109

pD

1 rD2

pD = Ei
2 4t D

10-1

10-2
10-1

10

tD /

r D2

102

103

104

12.2 :

. ,
, ,
. r
:
qB ct r 2

pi p(r ,t ) =
Ei
4kh
4kt
:
r0;
;
- .

Theis ,
pD tD/rD2 .

:

;
;

(pD, tD/rD2) (p, t)

252

12.2 :

log pD
log p

(pD) M
(p) M

M
(t D/ r D2) M

log t D/ r D2
log t

(t) M

12.2 :

, , ,
. M
(pD, tD/rD2) (p, t),
kh ct.
(p )
kh = 18.41qB D M
(p )M
k (t )M
ct = 0.00036 2
r (t D rD2 )M
:
kh.
ct,
, M
tD/rD2 (tD/rD2 < 10). :
,
tD/rD2, ;
tD/rD2
Theis - -
.
ct
,
.
253

12.2 :

m
pi - pwf

ln t

pws (t , r ) = p1 mln ln t
qB
kh = 9.205
mln

ct =

k
e
2
r

pi p1

7.12034
mln

12.2 :

( 10 ),
,
.
1 rD2

pD = Ei
2 4t D

1%
tD/rD2 >10.
:

qB
k
ln t + ln

7
.
12034
pi pwf = 9.205
kh
ct r 2

, m
kh ct.

- ,
,
.

254

12.3 :

1.E+01

1.E+00

p,

4000

1.E-01

1000

t
1.E-02
1.E-01

t p = 0.04
1.E+00

0.1

0.4

1.E+01

4
1.E+02

400
10

40
1.E+03

100
1.E+04

t,

12.3 :

,
:
;

,
.

.
.

:
(p )
kh = 18.41qB D M
(p )M
k (t )M
ct = 0.00036 2
r (t D rD2 )M

,
.
.

255

1
t

0
4.3
21.6
28.2
45
48
51
69
73
93
142
148

0.0000
1.4970
5.5798
6.4644
8.0975
7.4170
3.7425
3.1982
2.1775
1.0887
1.0207

48 .

B
36.27 148
.

:
d = 609.6

q = 27 3/

h = 13.7

pi = 0

t 1 = 48

Bw = 1

w = 1

r = 36.27

ct = 1.323 10-4 -1

256

12.3 :

pi - pwf
t
tp

pws

ln (t + t)/ t

t p + t

t p + t , r = pi + mln ln
t

qB
kh = 9.205
mln

ct =

k
e
r 2

t +1
1 p ws ( t = 0 ) ln p 7.12034
tp

mln

12.3 :

,
tp, , ,
:
pws (t ) = pi 9.205

qs B t p + t

ln
kh

ln[(tp + t) / t]
mln, kh ct.

p q , ,
..
. .. kh ct
, + .
,
:
k , , mln
q;
(pi p1)/mln ,
, r k ;
ct 10-7
10-4 .
257

12.4 :
-
1.E+01

1.E+00

S< 0
pD

1.E-01

CD 0
S> 0
1.E-02
1.E-01

1.E+00

1.E+01

t D/ r D2

12.4 :
-

- ln p
ln t. -
CD (Theis).
- . -
tD/rD2.

Jargon , - 1%
pD , :
0.86
CD
tD
> (230 + 15S ) 2

S >0
rD2
rD

F.Daviau 10%.
-
:
C
(CD e 2S ) r < 100.005 S > log 100
rD2
-
, .. .
, ,
.
D

2
D

258

12.5

12.5

,

,
.
, .
, 0.01-0.001 .
..
.

:
, ..
;

k/ ct.

,
(
). :
( k/ct);
.

259

12.5

t1

t
t1

t 1

t 1

12.5

: ?

k/ k/ct
( ).
,
.


( ).
,

.

. , :
;
.

260

12.6

t p
t c

3

2

t1

t1

12.6

,
,
.
,
.

(Kamal Brigham)
, ,
:
q
;
, .. tp;

.

F = tp / tc, tc

.

, ,
. ,
.

261

12.6

tL
tp

tc

12.6

:
p;

tL.

p tL (
):
;
,
;
tL
;
p .

262

12.6

qB pD t L
tc

k = 18.41
2
t

h p L

t c

ct = 0.00036

kt L

r 2 t LD 2
rD

12.6

,
pD[tL/tc]2 (tL)D/rD2
tL/tc


,
,

F.
:
r
kt L
rD =
t LD = 0.00036
rw
ct rw2
:
t F, ;
tL p ;
;
tL/tc;
pD[tL/tc]2 (tL)D/rD2;
2
k ct :
t

L
qB p D

t c
kt L
k
18
.
41
=
ct = 0.00036
2
tL
2 (t L )D

h p
r

rD2
t c

263

p/ q, / (3/ )

p/ q = 3.3x10-4

t L= 0.15
tp
1

tc

2
3

Mckinley, Vela
Carlton.

8 9.
8

(t = 1 ,
q = 87.4 3/ ).

9.
:
B= 1
r = 400

, :
p/q = 3.3 10-4 /(3/)
tL = 0.15

tc = 2 tp = 1 ,
tL/tc = 0.15 / 2 = 0.075
F = 1 / 2 = 0.5

,
, kh/.

, .

264

0.00128

, tL/tc = 0.075 F = 0.5

pD[tL/tc]2 = 0.00128,
2

B pD t L

kh
1 0.00128
c

= 18.41
= 12695 /
= 18.41
2

3.3 10 4 0.0752
p t L

q tc

265

0.0876

,
, (tL)D/rD2 = 0.0876
kh
t L

12695[ ] 0.15[ ]

5
ct h = 0.00036 est
= 0.00036
=
4
.
89

10
400 2 [] 0.0876

r 2 t LD 2
rD

266

12
1.
:
a. Agarwal
b. McKinley
c. Theis
d. Gringarten
2.
, ?
3. .
4.
?

267

13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8

269

50

,
,

,
,
,
,

270

13.1

PVT, ,
,
,

13.1
,

:




,
,

271

13.2

13.2

:
(, -)


,

272

13.3

13.3
,
, :

,
( , )


,



273

13.4

i= 0
i= 0

.25
0
=
i

13.4
-

,
:

274

13.4

13.4

275

13.5
:

? ?
?
, , ?

, , ?
? ? ? ?
?

, , ?
?
?

13.5

, .

:
, :
9 ? ?
9 ?
9 - ,
,
?
, :
9 , ?
9 ( , ,
, ,
)?
9 ?
, :
9 , , ?
9 ?
9 ?
276

13.6

13.6

:
,
,
(
).
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.

,
.
.

.
, !
.
,
.
277

13.7

13.7
, ,

.
2 :
,

(,
, ..)
.
,
,
, .

(, , , ).

278

13.8
Parcimony Principle

13.8
,
, (
)
,
,

,
,

279

14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8

281

14.1
,

(), -,
, , ..
, ,
.


. , ,
.
(,
).

282

.

,
.
, ,
,

.


( ). ,

.

( , ..),
.

283

14.2

18

127

3366

255

-4.3

23.2

1.1

-4.2

( : xf, kf*wf)

500

(h/H)

0.5

. .

0.2

0.2207

7.70E-06
127

773

3288

755

14.2
, ,
.
:

(, )

()
,


( ,
,
, ,
)




284

14.3

14.3

.

.
15 .

. .

15-20 ,

.
- ,

,
,
-
, .

285

14.4

14.4

(,
, , , )
. ,

.

.
.
( )
.

286

Russell

t + t q 2
+

Pwf = m Log 1
Log
t
+ Pint

t q1

m=

q
Pint = Pi + m 2
q1

t + t q

Log 1
+ 2 Logt
t

q1

21.195q1 B 0
kh

k
3.09232 + 0.86859 S
Log
2

ct rw

q1 Pwf (t = 0 ) P1hr

S = 1.1513
m
q1 q2

Log
c r 2 + 3.09232

t w

(
)
, .
, .
Russell.

.

2 . 2
10 ,
. 40 %
30 .
30% 3-5 .

287

14.5

14.5

1. :
, ,
,
2.

3. (
)

288

(26531 + 1547 S )C
t
kh /

22109e 0.14 S
t
kh /

C= 0.01 bbl/ psi ( ) C= 0.0001 bbl/ psi (

) C= 0.05 ( )

MTR

m=

21.195qs B
k h

t=

ct A(t Da = 0.1)
0.00036 k

t2
p = m Log
t1

-
: ,
, ,
.
.

, 10 .
,
1.
, 0.1.
(s)
,
.
0.01 0.1 3/, 0.1
1 3/.
, , , -
,
.

.
289

(q = 50 3/ , S = 2)
k,

.
,

1 .
.
,
/

, /
.

10

3.7 / 24

37 / 240

6.8

50

0.7 / 4.8

7.4 / 48

1.4

100

0.4 / 2.4

3.7 / 24

0.7

500

0.07 / 0.5

0.7 / 5

0.14

1000

0.04 / 0.2

0.4 / 2.4

0.07

2
24 .

.
37
0.01 2 24 1
2.
240 0.01 2
2.4 1 2 .

0.07 6.8
50 3/.

290

()

,
k,

100

200

300

400

500

1000

10

97

385

870

1540

2400

9600

50

19

77

170

310

480

1900

100

10

39

87

154

240

960

500

17

31

48

190

1000

15

24

96

, ,
.

.
,

tx.

L = 0.0143

kt x
ct

,
10 . ,
1 2 100
10 , 0.01 2
1000 .

291

pwf

qB
= pi 18.41
pD t D , rD + S
kh

,
. ,

, ,
.

(
, , , , ), ,
.
,
.



.

292

100 m

200 m

300 m

400 m

500 m

1000 m

1,000

100

10

0
0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

PanSystem
.
.


.
.

293

14.6

,

.

-
( )

14.6

:
,

.

,
.
.

:

-
,

,

,
.
294

14.6
, ,

, .

.

.
.

.

.

295

http:/ / www.siam.tomsknet.ru

%
(atm)

Amerada RPG-3
B
1700
Kuster KPG
B
1700
Leutert
P
680
-1
P
300
-2
P
1000
-01
P
1000

Amerada EPG
D
680
Halliburton HAMR
Q
1088
Hewlett-Packard 2811B
Q
816

0.05
0.05
0.005
0.012
0.015
0.002

(0.85)
(0.85)
(0.034)
(0.035)
(0.15)
(0.02)

0.002 (0.014)
0.003 (0.03)
0.00009 (0.0007)

14.6

.
680 1700 .
0.025 0.2 % .
0.00009 0.05 %
, 0.0007 0.85 .
1.9 3.8 , 0.33
3.6 . 72 672 (3 28 )
.
148 370 .



":
http://www.siam.tomsknet.ru

296

14.7

,
:

: ,

: , , ,
,

( , )

- ( ,
,
)

(, ,
)

14.7

,
. (
, )
.
( , , , ,
, )
.
,

.
,
. ( ,
, )
.
(, ,
)
,
.
297

14.7
(, ..)
?
, ,

(, , )

14.7

.
,

.
,

.
(, , )
.

. (, , ),

.

298

14.8

,




14.8

. ,


.

.

,
.
.
, .

. ,

.


.
, .
,
.
.

.
299

3300
20 .
.
.

, 10 50 .
132
62
73
1.2
1.5
0.17
1.1* 10-4 -1 (7.5* 10-6 psi-1)
():
0.01 0.1 3/
0.1 1 3/

Q= 50 3/ k = 10 C = 0.152 3/ MTR 25

m = 9.5 / .

Q= 50 3/ k = 50 C = 0.152 3/ MTR 5

m = 1.9 / .

,
( 0.016 - 0.017 )

300

15.1
15.2 RFT
15.3 RFT
15.4
15.5

301

15.1

15.1
FIT ( , ) 1955

.
RFT ( ) 1974

.
MDT ( ), RFT,
.
RFT MDT ,
.

302

15.2 RFT

1 ( )

2 ( )

( )

( )

15.2 RFT

.
,
10 .., 1 2.
.
1 50 ./, 2
125 ./.

.

.

.

303

15.2 RFT

Tob = 210

Tob

15.2 RFT

.

.

.
.

.

.
, RFT:

.

.
.

304

15.2 RFT
pm

pf

T1

T2

pDD1

pDD2

Tob

pm
pf
1
2
ob
pDD1
pDD2

15.2 RFT

.

.

.
ob
.

305

15.2 RFT

15.2 RFT
,
RFT /
,

- .
-
.

,
,
.

.

306

:


(, , )

307

15.3 RFT

GR (gamma ray) -
--
-

15.3 RFT

0.04 /, 0.065 /,
0.11 /.
, ,
RFT.

308

15.3 RFT

T
V
D

15.3 RFT
2 ,
.
RFT.
- .
,
.

309

15.3 RFT
1

+ 1

T
V
D

TVD (true vertical depth)

15.3 RFT
1 .
,
.
,
.
.
2 , ,
.
, ,
,
.
.

310

15.3 RFT

15.3 RFT
RFT ,
.

.
, RFT

.
,
, .
50 .
,
33 ,
,
(
).

.
, .
( )
.
311

15.4

Pf
Ps
Pmh
Kmc
Kf

15.4
RFT
,
.
, ,
.

, .
,
.

.

312

15.4

15.4
, ,
PVT .

, , .
-
, -
.
,
,
.

313

15.5

p DD =

kd =

Cq
2rpe k d

(1)

83202q
( 2)
p DD

pDD ()

q (./ )
- ( ) ()
kd (mD)
rpe ()

15.5

( )
.
( )

,
(1).
,
.
, ( ),
rpe=0.5rp, ..
.
(2)
.

314

15.5 .

10

1/ks

-1

()

~
1 / k s = 0 . 0256 T ob 0 . 3

T ob
1
~ =
ks
40

T = 20
q = 1 ./
=0.5
=0.25

40
~
ks =
T ob

Ct=44.110-6 -1
0

100

200

300

400

, Tob
()

15.5
(SI)

Tob (1/ks).
1/ks Tob ( ):
1
~ = 0.0256 Tob 0.3
ks

Tob 100
:
T ob
1
=
~
k s
40

315

15.5

f s (T1 , T2 , t )

p s = m s f s (T1 , T2 , t ) + p i (1)
f s (T1 , T2 , t) =

q1, q2 (./ )
t ()
ct (1/ )

ks (mD)

q 2 / q1 (q 2 / q1 1)
1

(2)
t
T2 + t
T1 + T2 + t

q
k s = 27283 . 2 1
ms

2/3

( c t )1 / 3

(3)

15.5

,
, .
ps
fs ms.
(1) .
(2).
ks ms
(3).
,

.

.

316

1
TVD

()

(
)
()
4633

469.66

4651

469.8

4665

469.9

4686

470.48

4695

471.8

4698

472.65

4721

474.3

4726

474.9

4732

475.6

4741

476.7

,
.

,
.

1. - .
2. - .

317

TVD
(
)
()

()

Tob
()

1981

205.6

40

1993

206.3

10

2000

206.8

20

2009

208.6

190

2021

208.7

80

2033

209

2045

210.9

150

2057

212.3

200

2070

212.2

10

10

2082

215.5

300

11

2094

215.7

150

, .

0.1025 /

Tob
:

1 Tob
=
ks
40

1.

-.

2. ().

318

319

335

336

337

338

pDMBH

339

340

pDMBH

341

342

pDMBH

343

344

pDMBH

345

346

347

12

348

349

12

350

351

12

352

353

12

354

355

12

356

357

12

358

359

12

360

361

12

362

363

, -
k
:
1
Q L
k=
3
8.644 10 A p
k:
3
)
3
2.88 10
1[ ] 0.05[ ]

k=
= 49[ ]
3
4
2
8.644 10
5 10 [ ] 0.68[]
b)

3
10.468 10 3
1.1[ ] 0.05[ ]

k=
= 196[ ]
3
4
2
8.644 10
5 10 0.68[]

,
, . .
,
.

[ ]

364

,
:
q r
pr pw = 18.41 ln
kh rw
pr r .
10
:
q r
229.885[ 3 ] 4[ ]
10[]

pr = pw + 18.41

kh

ln

rw

= 80[] + 18.41

500[ ]10[]

ln

0.124[]

= 94.86[]

100 :

q r
229.885 3 4[ ] 100[ ]
pr = pw + 18.41 ln = 80[] + 18.41
ln
= 102.66[]
kh rw
500[ ]10[]
0.124[]

:
100[ ] (1 / 60)[ ]
= 8.9[ ]
0.25 0.8[ ] 1.47 10 4 [ 1 ]
, 1 ,
8.9 .
rinv = 0.037

:
0.01[ ] 168[ ]
= 17.88[ ]
0.05 0.05[ ] 2.939 10 3 [ 1 ]
,
.
rinv = 0.037

,
, ..

.

= k / ct.
.
365

- (Sa = 20) Jones

Watts:
S
S a = S d + S p = tr + S p
b
, Str,
Sp. Sp
.
: hp = 30.48 h =
91.44 b = 0.33.
hs=45.72
hD =
hD =

hs
rw

kr
kz

45.72 180
= 3600
0.0762 5

Brons Marting Sp=13.2.

366

1
30
hD = 10000
25
20

Sp
15
13.2

1000
100

10
20
5
3.3

5
0.1

0.2

0.3
0.4
0.33

0.5

0.6

0.7
0.67

0.8

-: Str = b (Sa Sp) = 2.27

: hp = 60.96 h =
91.44 b = 0.666.
, , hs=45.72
hD = 3600. Sp = 3.3 Brons Marting.

-
:
S
2.27
S a = tr + S p =
+ 3. 3 = 6. 7
b
0.666

:
Sa = 20
3
kh
180 91.44
=
= 26.33
J ss =

re

304.8

+
18.41
1.2
1
ln
20
18.41 B ln + Sa

0.0762

rw

Sa = 6.7
3
kh
180 91.44
=
= 49.69
J ss =

re

304.8

+
18.41
1.2
1
ln
6.7
18.41 B ln + Sa

0.0762

rw

367

P =

qB
t
24 C s

P,

0
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

t,

368

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.1

CS

qB 110[ 3 / ] 1[ 3 / 3 ]
CS =
=
= 0.051[ 3 / ]
24 n
24 90[ / ]
6

P,

n = 2,7/ 0,03 = 90

0
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

t,

369

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.1

1
P(te)
(
)
100

P,

10

0.1
0.001

0.01

0.1

370

10

100

100

P,

10

0.1

0.01
0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100

([t]M, [P]M) ([tD /CD] M, [PD ]M) ,

CDexp(2S)=106
[t e ]M = 0.2
[t D CD ]M = 10
[P]M = 1.8
[PD ]M = 1
kh = 18.41qB

[ PD ]M
[ P ]M

= 18.41110 3 / 1 3 / 3 1[ ]

k=
CS =
CD =

1
= 1125.1[ ]
1.8

1125.1[ ]
= 14.1[ ]
80 [ ]

0.00226 1125.1[ ] 0.2

0.00226kh [ t e ]M
=
= 0.051

1[ ] 10
[ t D CD ]M

0.159
0.159
CS =
0.051 = 360
2
hc t rw
80 [ ] 0.2 2.2 104 1 0.082 2
1 CD exp ( 2S) 1 106
S = ln
=4
= ln
2 360
2
CD

371

1
P(te) P(te)
(
)
100

P, P'

10

0.1
0.001

0.01

0.1

372

10

100

100

P, P'

10

0.1
0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100

([t]M, [P]M) ([tD /CD] M, [PD ]M) ,
CDexp(2S)=106
[t e ]M = 0.2
kh = 18.41qB

[t D CD ]M = 10

[ PD ]M
[ P ]M

CD =

[PD ]M = 1

= 18.41110 3 / 1 3 / 3 1[ ]
k=

CS =

[P]M = 1.8

1125.1[ ]
80 [ ]

1
= 1125.1[ ]
1.8

= 14.1[ ]

0.00226 1125.1[ ] 0.2

0.00226kh [ t e ]M
=
= 0.051

1[ ] 10
[ t D CD ]M

0.159
0.159
CS =
0.051 = 360
2
hc t rw
80 [ ] 0.2 2.2 104 1 0.082 2
1 CD exp ( 2S) 1 106
S = ln
=4
= ln
2 360
2
CD

373

1

P = 0.9

100

t e = 0.01

P
10

P = 19

t e = 20

kh = 18.41qB

0.5
= 18.41 110 3 /
P

1 3 / 3 1[ ]

0.1

0.001
0.01
0.5
t
= 1125.1[ ]
0.9
1125.1[ ]
k=
= 14.1[ ]
80 [ ]

0.1

10

3
3
3
qB t e 110 / 1 / 0.01[ ]
Cs =

= 0.051 3 /
24 P
24
0.9 [ ]

0.00036kt e
1 P

S = ln
0.81
=
ct rw2
2 P

0.00036 14.1[ ] 20 [ ]
1 19 [ ]

=
ln
0.81 = 3.8
2
2
4
1

2 0.9 [ ]

0.2 1[ ] 2.2 10 0.08

374

100

375

1

100

10

p p

C
A

0.1
0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100
6

,
.

:
( ),
tB = 0.03
( ),
,
;
(
), .
tC = 3.5 .

log tC = 0.54.

376

265
263

A
B

261
259

mlog = 2.0623
/ .

pwf

257
255
253
251
249

pwf(t= 1)

247
245
0.001

t= 0
0.01

0.1

log t

10

100

,
tC = 3.5 ,
, :
mlog = 2.0623 /.
, ()
t = 1, .. log t = 0, pwf(t=1) = 248.84 .

,
mlog pwf(t=1).

377

1

265
263
261
259

q B
k = 21.195 s
= 14.1
mlog h

257
255
253
251
249
247
245
-3

-2

-1

p pt =1
k
3
.
09232
S = 1.1513 i
log
+
= 3 .7
2
ct rw

mlog

:
k = 21.195

q s B
110 3 1 1[ ]
= 14.1
= 21.195
mlog h
2.0623[ . ] 80[ ]

- :
p pt =1

k
S = 1.1513 i
3
.
09232
log
+
=
2
m
c
r

t w
log

265[ ] 248.84[ ]
= 1.1513

2.0623[ . ]

log

14.1[ ]
+
3
.
09232
= 3 .7
0.2 1[ ] 2.2 10 4 [1 ] 0.08 2 2

[ ]

378

2
100

p p

10

0
0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100

,
. ,

, .. .

-
, , .

, ,
. , -, ,
(
,
).
,
.

379

2

100

10

p p

0
0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100
6

(
),
:
( ),
tB = 0.032
( ),
,
;
(
), .
tC = 6 .

log [(tp + t)/t] = 0.95.

380

265
263

pws(t= 1)

261

pws

259
257
255
253

mlog = 2.0442
/ .

251
249
247

B
A

245
100000

tp + 1
10000

1000

100

10

log [ (t p + t)/ t]

, D (
) ,
:
mlog = 2.0442 /.
, ()
t = 1, .. log (tp + 1) = 1.7, pws(t=1) = 261.6 .

,
mlog pws(t=1).

381

2

265
263
261
259

q B
k = 21.195 s
= 14.3
mlog h

257
255
253
251
249
247
245
5

pws (t = 1) pwf t p

t p +1
k
+ log
log
+ 3.09232 = 3.8
S = 1.1513
2
m
t

c
r

p
t w
log

m
:
k = 21.195

q s B
110 3 1 1
= 21.195
= 14.3
mlog h
2.0442[ . ] 80[ ]

pws(t=1) -:
pws (t = 1) pwf (t p )

t p +1
k
S = 1.1513
+ log
log
+
3
.
09232
=
2

m
t
c
r
log
p
t w

261.6[ ] 245.4[ ]
48[ ] + 1
= 1.1513
+ log

48[ ]
2.04423[ / . ]
log

14.3[ ]
+
3
.
09232
= 3.8
0.2 1[ ] 2.2 10 4 [1 ] 0.08 2 2

[ ]

,
, , (
t) pi = 265 .

382

3
MDH

20
18
16

pMDH(t= 1)

pMDH

14
12
10
8

mlog = 1.7176
/ .

6
4
2
0
0.001

0.01

0.1

log t

10

100

MDH
pMDH log t. ,
,
:
mlog = 1.7176 /.
pws(t=1) pwf(tp) = pMDH(t=1) = 16.278
.

383

3

20
18
16

k = 21.195

q s B
= 17
mlog h

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-3

-2

-1

p
(t = 1) log k + 3.09232 = 5.5
S = 1.1513 MDH

mlog
ct rw2

m MDH
:
k = 21.195

q s B
110 3 1 1
= 21.195
= 17
mlog h
1.7176[ . ] 80[ ]

pMDH(t=1) -:
p
(t = 1) log k + 3.09232 =
S = 1.1513 MDH

ct rw2
mlog

16.2782[ ]
= 1.1513

[
]

1
.
7176
/
.

log

17[ ]
+ 3.09232 = 5.5
4
2
2
0.2 1[ ] 2.2 10 [1 ] 0.08

[ ]

- , MDH
, ,
. ,
MDH tp >> t, tp = 48 , t = 72 .

384

3
MDH t p

20

y = 1.98x + 15.668

18
16

pMDH

14
12
10

0
72
=
t p 120
=
t p 48
=
tp

8
6
4
2
0
-3

-2

-1

log t

tp ?

.
48, 120 720 .
, t = 72 .
.

MDH .
,
. t
MDH .

tp = 720
. :
k = 14.7
S = 3.8

385

1
:

P, P'

10

0.1

0.01
0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100

( ) -
( ), (
), (
)
386

1
:
q B
110 1 1
= 21.195
= 208 [ ]
k = 21.195 s
m log h
0.14 80
-:
p p

S =1.151 i t=1 log

+ 3.1 =
2
ct rw
mlog

208
265 264.08

=1.151
log
+
3.1
= 0.9
2
4

0.14
0.2

2.2

10

0.08

265
264.8

264.6

Pt= 1= 264.08

264.4
264.2
264
263.8

mlog= 0.14

263.6
263.4
0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100

1000

1
:

d = 0.014

kt i
c t

d = 0.037

kt r
c t

265
264.8

264.6
264.4
264.2
264
263.8
263.6
263.4
0.001

0.01

0.1

tr

387

t10
i

100

1000

1
:

d = 0.014

kt i
208 7
= 0.014
= 81[ ]
0.2 1 2.2 104
c t

d = 0.037

kt r
208 2
d = 0.037
= 113 [ ]
0.2 1 2.2 104
c t

2
:

P, P'

10

0.1

0.01
0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100

1000

( ) - (
), ( ),
( )
388

[ t; P]:
l = 1.239
= 1.239

=
kc t

qB
hml

110 1
1

= 457 [ ]
80 0.039
208 0.2 2.2 104

265
264.8
264.6

264.4
264.2

ml = 0.039

264
263.8
263.6
263.4
263.2
263
0

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

[ t;
P] :

=
e=

kh
208 80
( Pi P0 ) S =
( 265 264.05) 0.9 = 6.91
18.41qB
18.41 110 1 1

l
1
1
457

Arc sin
exp ( ) = Arc sin
exp ( 6.91) = 0.36

2 0.08

2rw

265

d = e l = 0.36 457 = 165 [ ]

264.8
264.6

P0= 264.06

457
165

264.4
264.2
264
263.8
263.6
263.4
263.2
263
0

389

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

P0

P0

264.03

7.07

0.28

128.5

264.04

6.99

0.32

144.8

264.05

6.91

0.36

166.6

264.06

6.82

0.45

206.6

3
:

P, P'

10

0.1

0.01
0.001

0.01

0.1

10

100

1000

-,
390

3

[t; P]:

A=

0.042 qB
0.042 110 1 1
=
= 164 062.5 2
*
4
c t hm
0.2 2.2 10 80 0.008

V = hA =

0.042 qB 0.042 110 1 1

=
= 2 625000 3
4
*
ct m
2.2 10 0.008

265
264.8
264.6
264.4

264.2
264

m* = 0.008

263.8
263.6
263.4
263.2
263
262.8
262.6
262.4
262.2
262
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

3

:

P P

A
CA = 2.2458 exp i 0 + ln 2 + 2S =
rw
m ln

265 263.94

164 062.5
= 2.2458 exp
+ ln
+
2

0.9
= 9.34
0.082
0.14 2.302585

265
264.8
264.6

P0= 263.94

264.4

264.2
264
263.8
263.6
263.4
263.2
263
262.8
262.6
262.4
262.2
262
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

391

140

160

180

200

3
mlog

CA

0.13

224

1.5

8.11

0.14

208

0.9

9.34

0.15

194

0.4

10.99

0.16

182

0.0

13.65

MBH
1. tSSS:
ct A
0.2 1 5 105 640000
t SSS = ( t DA )SSS
= 0.4
= 1015.9
0.00036 k
0.00036 7
tp< tSSS, 360 < 1015.9

2. tp=360

392

( ,

).
3. P*
270

P* = 261 260

m= 11.3

250

240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

(360+ t)/ t

4
0.00036 kt p

4.

t pDA =

5.

PD MBH = 0.7

0.00036 7 360
= 0.142
0.2 1 5 105 640 000

PD MBH=(P*- P)/mln

c t A

6.

P = P*

m log
2.303

tpDA

PD MBH = 261

11.3
0.7 = 257.6 [ ]
2.303

393

10

p
dp
( p )Z ( p )
p0

= 2
.

,
.. ( z)
p. .

,
,
:
n
p
1 p
( p ) = 2 + ( pi pi 1 )
i =2 2
z i 1 z i

394

10

,
z.

1.0
13.6
27.2
40.8
54.4
68.0
81.7
95.3
108.9
122.5
136.1

(p),
,

p,
p/(z) [p/(z)] 2*[p/(z)]*p
2

/
0.01198
0.9987
83.604
0.01235
0.9839
12.6 1119.991 601.798
15176.045
15176.045
0.01277
0.9686
13.6 2200.530 1660.261
45189.635
60365.680
0.01319
0.9544
13.6 3243.237 2721.883
74085.303
134450.983
0.01362
0.9414
13.6 4245.622 3744.429 101917.369
236368.352
0.01405
0.9296
13.6 5209.909 4727.765 128682.211
365050.563
0.01451
0.9194
13.6 6120.853 5665.381 154202.607
519253.170
0.01496
0.9107
13.6 6992.359 6556.606 178460.320
697713.490
0.01542
0.9038
13.6 7812.065 7402.212 201476.371
899189.861
0.01589
0.8986
13.6 8577.975 8195.020 223055.343
1122245.204
0.01636
0.8953
13.6 9291.390 8934.683 243187.774
1365432.978

, ,

.

10

p
1.4E+ 06

, /

1.2E+ 06

y = -0.0827x3 + 85.573x2 - 85.485x + 817.69

1.0E+ 06
8.0E+ 05
6.0E+ 05
4.0E+ 05
2.0E+ 05
0.0E+ 00
0

20

40

60

80

,
395

100

120

140

12

p . p
.

48
Theis,
.

,
,
M.

396

12

Theis
1.E+ 01

pD

1.E+ 00

1.E-01

1.E-02
1.E-01

2
1.E+ 01 t D/ rD 1.E+ 02

1.E+ 00

1.E+ 03

1.E+ 04

12

:
pM = 6.8 tM = 10
(pD) = 0.96 (tD/rD2) = 0.94

qB ( pD )M
27 3 1 1[ ] 0.96
k = 18.41
= 18.41

= 5
h (p )M
13.7[ ]
6.8[]

t:
ct = 0.00036

k (t )M
5[ ]
10[ ]
= 0.00036
= 1.46 10 5 1
2
2
2
2
r t D rD M
1[ ] 36.27
0.94

[ ]

, :
1.46 10 5
=
= 0.11
1.323 10 4

397

12

1

10
8

mlog = 3.4375
/ .

pw,

6
4
2
0
-2
-4

p1 = -4.9951

-6
1

10

100

1000

t
12

, pw ln t.

,
mln = 3.4375 /.,
p1 = -4.9951 .

:
27[ 3 ]1 1
qB
k = 9.205
= 9.205
= 5.3
13.7[ ] 3.4375[ / . ]
hmln

pi p1
7.12034
mln

k
ct = 2 e
r

0 [ ]+ 4.9951[ ]

7.12034
5.3[ ]
3.4375[ . ]

=
e
= 1.39 10 5 1
2
2
1[] 36.27

[ ]

1.39 10 5
=
= 0.11
1.323 10 4

398

399

1
()
465

470

475

480

4602

4632

4662

4692

4722

4752

4782

-, .

().

4677 .

400

15

2
()
204

206

208

210

212

214

216

218

1970
1980
1990

TVD ()

2000

2
3

2010

2020

5
6

2030
2040
2050
2060

2049

8
9

2070

2080

10

2090

11

2100

15

-, , 4, 5,
7, 8, 10, 11 .

, ,
0.13-0.5 .

,
,
.

1, 2, 3, 6
.

9
.

, 2
( ),
9 .

, 2049.

401