5

-


,

,
[82].
,
[72], : , ;
(
); , ;
,
; ,
(, ..).
,
, ,
115

 [43,167].
5.1.


,
Q0
(3.26), pc ,
, Rc
,
[198200]. .

[3].
,
-
.
:
1)
(),
, ;

; 2)
- -
; ,
(3.20) (3.21), .
p Z, (3.21)

Q =
116

2 k 1 h p p w

( Z )

( Z ) = ( Z ) (ir w );

(5.1)

2Z
Z
( Z ) = Re (1 ) ln
+ ln +
1 +
2

f
f

2
Z

Z
4
m
m
+ (1 ) ln 1 + q 2 1 .
f

f
m =1

. r1,2 ,
. Z1 = r1ei Z2 = r2ei , .
q , ,
r2

r2

ds = 2( (r1 ) (r2 ) ).

s
r1

q = 2 vn ds = 2
r1

(5.2)

vn , s .
(3.21) :
( ri ) = Im( 1( Z i )) =

( ri ) = (1 )

w
ri

( ri );
f

+ arctg

(1 ) arctg
m

m =1

( r w ) = (w ) =

(5.3)

ri 2
ri

4m

ri f

(1 q ) f
4m

ri 2

/ 2+q

4m

ri 2

(l) = 0.

117

 (5.3) , ri >> w,
sin = w ri . (5.3) (5.2),

q = Q ( ( r1 ) ( r 2 )) .

(5.4)

. -

, ,
k1h

a1,3

a i (p i p 0 ) q =

0;

i =1

y
=
,
x 1,3

a 2 ,4

(5.5)

x
=
.
y 2 ,4

, [198200],
[2, 59], ?, y , ?i, yi , , i = 1, ..., 4, pi
, p0 (.
5.1).
(5.1), (5.4), (5.5) :
, (),
4

q =

k1h

2 ( ( r1 ) ( r 2 )) a i (p 0 p w
i =1

a i (Z i ) 2( ( r1 ) ( r 2 ))

)
;

(5.6)

i =1

. 5.1.

:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4

118

 ,
,
4

q =

k1 h

2 (( r1 ) ( r2 )) ai (p 0 p w )
i =1

ai (Z i ) 2 (( r1 ) ( r2 ))

i =1

Z i i- , ; r1, r2
.
,
r2 = l.
, , (Zi) =
= ln|Zi|/rw, (r1,2) = 0 (5.6) , [199] .

,

. ,
x ,
.
,
.

k1h

c i (p i p 0 ) Q =

0;

i =1

c1,3 = a1,3 1 +

2wk 2

,
yk 1

c 2 ,4 = a 2 ,4 .

(5.6) :
4

Q =

k1h

2 c i (p 0 p w )
i =1
4

c i (Z i ) 2

(5.7)

i =1

119

 k2 ; 2w
, ; Q .
,
(5.6) (5.7) .

. ,
. , 2w.

. . ,
.

q
[50]. . ,
, ,
.
,
,
.
5.2.

(5.6)
(5.7), ,
.
(),
,
, (5.6):
120

 ,
(),
4

fj

j =1

q = k1h

2 ( ( r1 ) ( r 2 )) a i (p 0 p w )
i =1

a i (Z i ) 2( ( r1 ) ( r 2 ))

(5.8)

i =1

,
,
4

fj

j =1

q = k1h

2 (( r1 ) ( r 2 )) a i (p 0 p w )
i =1

ai (Z i ) 2(( r1 ) ( r 2 ))

i =1

fj j
j, j = 1, 2, 3 , . ,
, (5.8) .
. , , .

, (5.7)

fj

j =1

Q = k1h

2 c i (p 0 p w
i =1
4

c i ( Z i ) 2

)
;

(5.9)

i =1

121

c1,3 = a1,3 1 +

2 wk 2

yk 1 j =1

1
3
f
j , c 2 ,4 = a 2 ,4 .
j j =1 j

~
fj

fj fj
. , ,
, . ,
.
.

, , ,

.
.

5.3.



.
, ,
,
, .
,
. R 122

 700 400 , l 100 80 ,

2 , 40 2,
0,004 2, 5 ,
0,5 , 10 . .
-
.
, n . ,
,
. (4.4) [167] . 5.1.
Q, , Q1.


.

. , 80 ,
, .
,

.
.

.
123

5.1

3/

l, -

- Q R,

-
1 2
Q1
n
700

100

700

80

400

100

27
13
7
3
3
27
11
3

18,21
18,19
18,2
17,98
17,94
20,07
20,07
19,94

18,22
18,21
18,13

17,94
20,13
20,09
19,86

18,19
18,13
20,08

Q/Q1
- 1 2
1,001
1,000
1,000
0,988
0,990
1,000
1,000
0,993

1,002
1,001
0,997

0,990
1,002
1,000
0,989

5.4.
,



,
.

.

( 276, 277, 279, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 342) (.
5.2). 1995 . . 277, 310, 311
.
, 124

,
.
13, 1993 .
-

:
....................
, . ............................
, 2 .............................
, ..............
, .......................
, 3/3 ..........................
.......................
........................
, ........
, ........
, /3 ....
, /3 ...

0,68
0,17
0,0202
28,8
22,9
310,6
1,515
1,017
0,36
0,46
824
1008

. 5.3.
13
131 132. . 311,
312, 313 - 131 .
- . 310.
, (.
. 5.2), ,
131 132
.

125

. 5.2. 01.07.96 .
: 1 , 2 , 3 ; 4 131; 5
,

126

. 5.3.
.

: 1 , 2 ; 3

01.07.96 87,7 .
. 1993 . . 342. 1996 . . 308.

68 .
4050 200300 2 ( ). - .

- , .
3131 .

50 .
,
.

127

. 5.4. - :
1 0,022 2, 0,17; 2
0,016 2, 0,165; 3
0,011 2, 0,16

.
,
(. 5.4).

. .

.
.

128

129

. 5.5.
:
1 , 2

: 26 , 38 .
.
.

0,5 .

.
[2, 45] (. . 5.3) . ,


, , .. , .

,
131. , .

. 5.5. , , . . 5.5 ,
.
,
,
, .
130