4.

5
4.5.1
(), ()
.
.
.
.4.8 .
, .
(),
(03). ,
.
.

.4.8

.4.9.

.

-
.4.9

. .
4.10 ,
.
124



(),
.

.
. 4.10
.

.
().
. ,
.
.

. 4.11
,

.4.11. .4.11, )
,

(1)
G21
0,5(g21max g21min), a

(1)
(4.19) G21= 0,5 G21
0,25(g21max g21min).

g21 = g21max, ,
.

125


. , i = f (u)

i = i0( e bu 1),
(4.29)
i0 b , .
iK = h21 i (4.29),
g21 = diK/du = h21 di /du = h21 bi0 e bu .

(4.30)

u = U0 + Ucost; U0 .
(7.30)

g21(t) = bIK0[J0(bU) + Jk(bU) coskt].

k =1

(4.31)

IK0 = h21I0 = h21 i0 e bu 0 ; J0(bU)

Jk(bU) k-
. (4.31) :
(0)
G 21
bIK0J0(bU);
(1)
G21= 0,5 G21
bIK0Jk(bU).

(4.32) |

1,5...2 , ,
.
- ,
g21 U .4.11, ).
U0 U0 = 0,5U U U0,
.
(1)
( 0)
( 0)
G21
= 0,5 g21max = G 21
, G 21
.
(1)
( 0)
G21= 0,5 G21
= 0,5 G 21
. , G21
( 0)
2 G 21
-

U0.
(k )
G21
( k > 1) , , :

.
(. 4.12)
. 4.13.

126

4.5.2
(.4.12) u
u.


.
VT1 VT2

,
. i1 i2
VT1 VT2

( ),
.

VT3 .
. 4.12
i1 i2 ,
,
, .

VT1 VT2.

.
,
.
.
f = f 0,5 f.
. 12
f .
.
4.5.3

. 4.14.
,

127

 ,
.

u = Ucos(t + )
1 2,

.
. 4.14
uC = UCcos(Ct + C)
u = Ucos(t + ) 1

2 1 /2 .
f = f f, f = f+ f. 1

:
uC1 = UC cos[( C)t + C],
u1 = U cos[( )t + ].
.
2 (
) uC2=UCcos[( C)t+ (C+ /2)],
u2 = U cos[( )t + + /2 ].
2 C2 uC2 ,
C1 uC1 C1 = C2 = C, u2
u1 .
,
.

128

4.6
4.6.1
()
.4.16.
(). () l2 C/4
l1 = C/4
.
. ()
, l3
= C/2. ..
.
l3 .
, C R .

.4.16.
4.15 4.16
- .
. 4.17.

129

4.17

() l1 C/4, l2 /4
.
. l1 l2

.
l1 C/4 l2 /4. l = C/4 ..
.

. , ,
.
f f = f
f f = f f.

f' = | f f| = f. , , ,
, .
()
-

2f f = f f = f.
f < f, f > f.

130


f ()

f = f + f.

f f" = f f f , f < f

f" = f" f,
f > f f" = f f".
,
(), .
-


.
,
.
() ().
. 4.20.

. 4.20
. , 3 , ().
.
,
, ,
, .

131

4.6.2

()

.

.

.
.4.21
() ()
. ,
.
,
().

. 4.21 :

.4.21
180 . ()
.
, f = f 0,5f.
, ()

.
4.6.3
.

, .
,
.

132


. () -,
,
f f. ()

.4.14.

,
, .
2-
.4.23.
(-1),
f
(-2).

. 4.23 :
;
90 , . -1
90,
. .
4.14 (. 4.23)
, .
, ,

.

.
()
.
. 133

.
.
,
,


.

, S- Sn-

, .
, Sn- .
.
4-
,
.

134