Covalent bonding

-Always between non-metals

-No electrons transfer but shared
-stronger bonds
-each shared pair of electrons orbits both nuclei
Elements in need
The lord has built into element atoms the need to complete their outer shells. This is the driving
force behind the formation of chemical compounds. Chemical reactions are all about the
rearrangement of electrons between atoms to meet the needs of as many atoms as possible. The
rearrangement of electrons produces bonds or attractions between atomic particles.
The covalent bonding
Covalent bonds have the highest bonds energies, meaning they are the strongest bonds. They are
formed when atoms share a common pool of electrons.
Covalent bonds are found within all molecules, whether the molecules are compounds such as h2o
or elements such as 02
Covalent bonds are found within all radicals. Radicals such as SO4 2- often survive chemical changes
without alteration because of the strength of the covalent bonds.
Covalernt bonds hold together the atoms in all network solids (macromolecular crystals) Network
solids include elements such as carbon or compounds such as quartz SiO2. Little wonder that such
cyristals are hard and have high melting points. These solids consist of giant molecules. The crystals
are a collection of giant chain, sheet or 3d macromolecules.