VECT NGU NHIN

Cho l mt khng gian mu ca mt h! th" no #$%

nh ngha 1: &t V'c t( ngu nhi)n n chi*u t+)n l mt ,nh -.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
/ 0
1
2 2%%%2
n
n
X R
X X X X

= a
T+ong #$2 c,c
i
X l c,c 3NN t+)n
N$i c,ch kh,c mt VTNN l mt 4 g5m
n
3NN t+)n c6ng mt khng gian -,c 7u8t% 9au #:; ta ch< -!t
VTNN 0 chi*u1
nh ngha 2: &t VTNN 0 chi*u t+)n l mt 4 ( ) 2 X Y t+ong #$ 2 X Y l c,c 3NN t+)n %
V d 1: Cho l kgm ca h! th" gi'o hai l=n mt con ->c -?c c:n #@i #5ng ch8t% GAi B l 3NN ch<
tCng 7@ ch8m hai l=n gi'o D E l 3NN ch< 7@ mFt chGn -u8t hiHn t+ong hai l=n gi'o% Ihi #$ ( ) 2 X Y l
VTNN 0 chi*u% &i*n gi, t+J ca ( ) 2 X Y l ( ) ( ) { }
Im 2 2 2 0 /02 K2/2 0 X Y i j i j = = %
V d 2: IhLo 7,t hai #Fc tMnh N mt lo.i c:; t+5ng% GAi X l 3NN ch< chi*u cao D E l 3NN ch<
#OPng kMnh chC to nh8t ca c:;% ThQ ( ) 2 X Y l VTNN%
HR& SHTN SHUI BVC 9UWT CXY VTNN1
nh ngha 3: Cho ( ) 2 X Y l mt VTNN hai chi*u% Hm h:n h@i -,c 7u8t ca VTNN ( ) 2 X Y cZn gAi
l hm h:n h@i -,c 7u8t #5ng thPi cuL hai 3NN X D E #O[c -,c #Jnh nhO 7au1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 \
X Y
F x y P X x Y y P X x y y = < < = < < I
C,c tMnh ch8t1
i] N^u
/ 0 / 0
\ x x y y < < thQ ( ) ( )
2 / / 2 0 0
2 2
X Y X Y
F x y F x y
ii]
2 X Y
F
li)n t_c t+,i D`i mai 4i^n% Nghba l1
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
lim 2 2
lim 2 2
X Y X Y
x a
X Y X Y
y b
F x y F a y
F x y F x b

=
=
iii]
( )
2
lim 2 K
X Y
x
F x y

=
( )
2
lim 2 K
X Y
y
F x y

=
( )
2
lim 2 /
X Y
x
y
F x y
+
+
=
nh ngha 4: Cho ( ) 2 X Y l VTNN hai chi*u% cFt
( ) ( )
2
lim 2
X X Y
y
F x F x y
+
=
D
( ) ( )
2
lim 2
Y X Y
x
F y F x y
+
=
% Ihi #$
X
F gAi l hm h:n h@i 4i)n ca 4i^n B D
Y
F h:n h@i 4i)n ca
4i^n E%
3dNG SHTN SHUI BVC 9UWT HYI CHIeU1
nh ngha 5:Cho ( ) 2 X Y l mt VTNN hai chi*u% T+ong #$ 2 X Y l c,c 3NN +Pi +.c D`i mi*n gi, t+J
l=n lO[t l1
{ }
{ }
/ 0
/ 0
Im 2 2%%%2 2%%%
Im 2 2%%%2 2%%%
n
m
X x x x
Y y y y
=
=
cFt ( )
\
ij i j
p P X x Y y = = =
Ihi #$ ta c$ 4Lng h:n h@i -,c 7u8t hai chi*u nhO 7au1
Y
X
/ 0
%%% %%%
i
y y y
X
/
x
0
x
%%%
i
x
%%%
// /0 /
%%% %%%
j
p p p
0/ 00 0
%%% %%%
j
p p p
%%% %%% %%% %%% %%%
/ 0
%%% %%%
i i ij
p p p
%%% %%% %%% %%% %%%
/% /
0% 0
%
%%%
%%%
j
j
j
j
i ij
j
p p
p p
p p
=
=
=

Y
%/ / i
i
p p =

%0 0 i
i
p p =
f
% j ij
i
p p =
f
3dNG SHTN SHUI BVC 9UWT 3IN1
nh ngha 6:C,c ( )
% j j
p P Y y = = t.o thnh h:n h@i ca 4i^n E D ( )
% i i
p P X x = = t.o thnh h:n
h@i -,c 7u8t ca 4i^n X % Ihi #$2 ta lg #O[c 4Lng h:n h@i -,c 7u8t ca 4i^n X D 4i^n Y nhO 7au1
3Lng h:n h@i -,c 7u8t ca X
X
/
x
0
x f
i
x f
( )
i
P X x =
/% /j
j
p p =

0% 0 j
j
p p =

f
% i ij
j
p p =

f
3Lng h:n h@i -,c 7u8t ca Y 1
Y
/
y
0
y f
i
y f
( )
i
P X x =
%/ / i
i
p p =

%0 0 i
i
p p =

f
% j ij
i
p p =

f
3dNG SHTN SHUI BVC 9UWT cIeU IIhN1
nh ngha 7: Th'o cng thic -,c 7u8t #i*u kiHn ta c$1
( )
( )
( ) %
\
j
i j ij
i j
j j
P X x Y y p
P X x Y y
p P Y y
= =
= = = =
=
cO[c gAi l h:n h@i -,c 7u8t #i*u kiHn ca 4i^n B D`i #i*u kiHn
j
Y y =
%
TO(ng tk2
( )
( )
( )
%
\
j
i j ij
j
i i
P X x Y y p
P Y y
P X x p
= =
= = =
=
cO[c gAi l h:n h@i -,c 7u8t #i*u kiHn ca 4i^n Y D`i #i*u kiHn
i
X x = %
Bi tp 1: Cho VTNN hai chi*u ( ) 2 X Y c$ 4Lng h:n h@i -,c 7u8t #5ng thPi nhO 7au1
E
B
l0 l/ K / 0
/ K2Km K2Kn K2Knm K2Kmm K2Ko
0 K2Kp K2Kpm K2Kpm K2Kq K2Ko
r K2Kp K2Ko K2Kq K2Ks K2Kp
a] Ht; lg c,c 4Lng h:n h@i -,c 7u8t 4i)n ca 4i^n B D 4i^n E
4] Ht; lg c,c 4Lng h:n h@i -,c 7u8t #i*u kiHn ca B D`i #i*u kiHn K Y = D / Y =
c] H; lg c,c 4Lng h:n h@i -,c 7u8t ca 4i^n Y D`i #i*u kiHn /2 02 r X X X = = =
HR& &uT cv cwNG THxI1
nh ngha 8: Cho VTNN hai chi*u ( ) 2 X Y D`i 2 X Y l c,c 3NN li)n t_c% N^u hm h:n h@i -,c 7u8t
#5ng thPi
2 X Y
F
c$ y.ng ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
y x
X Y X Y
F x y f u v dudv

=

thQ hm 7@ ( )
2
2
X Y
f x y #O[c gAi l hm mgt
# ca VTNN ( ) 2 X Y ha; cZn gAi l hm mgt # #5ng thPi ca 2 X Y %
C,c tMnh ch8t1
i] ( )
2
2 /
X Y
f x y dxdy
+ +

=

ii)
( )
0
2
2
2
X Y
X Y
F
f x y
x y

=

nghba l hm mgt # #5ng thPi 4zng #.o hm c8 hai ca hm h:n
h@i #5ng thPi th'o hai 4i^n
2 x y
%
iii) ( ) ( )
2
2
X X Y
f x f x y dy
+

=

chMnh l mgt # 4i)n ca 4i^n B%
( ) ( )
2
2
Y X Y
f x f x y dx
+

=

chMnh l mgt # 4i)n ca 4i^n E%
HR& &uT cv 3IN1
nh ngha 9: Cho VTNN hai chi*u c$ hm mgt # #5ng thPi
2 X Y
f
D c,c mgt # 4i)n
X
f D
Y
f %
Ihi #$ hm mgt # #i*u kiHn ca X D`i #i*u kiHn Y y = #O[c cho 4Ni cng thic1
( )
( )
( )
2
j
2
j
X Y
X Y
Y
f x y
f x y
f y
=
TO(ng tk ta c$ hm mgt # #i*u kiHn ca Y D`i #i*u kiHn X x = l1
( )
( )
( )
2
j
2
j
X Y
Y X
X
f x y
f y x
f x
=
Bi tp 2: Cho
2 X Y
c$ hm mgt # #5ng thPi
( )
( )
2
2 K2 K
2
K 2 K2 K
x y
X Y
e x y
f x y
x y
+

> >
=

a] Ht; tQm c,c hm mgt # 4i)n

X
f
D
Y
f
4] Ht; tQm c,c hm mgt # 4i)n
j X Y
f
D
j Y X
f