2008

1.
:
={0, 1, 2, 3, ,,}
:
= {.-, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,

3, , , }
: 0 . :

+ ={0, 1, 2, 3, , , .}= .
Q:
Q: { / * }

.(1)

:
1 2 3 4 5
,
. , : , , ,
2 4 6 8 10
, .:
.
.
:
.
: 2, -3,
2 -3
. Q, Q,
,
1
1
(1):

Q.

: 2 , 7 8 ,
, .

R:

.
(1):
(

),
.

(2): .
,


.
II. ( ) ( )


.

:
x, :
x<x-<0
x>x->0

x=x-=0
xx-0

xx-0
: *
. 57 55,
5<7 5=5.
*
, :
x=0 x=0 =0 x=0 =
. ,
.
.

. :
()



o 1
o 2
o ( Horner)
o

!!

( 22 ,
)

300, 450, 600, 900,

3
1800, 2700, 3600
,
,
,
, ,
, 2,
6
4
3
2
2
. ,

,
2
.

( 10 e)

2. ( )
-(!!!) !
x x20.
x2=-1 (), x .
2 , x2+x+=0, 0 (),

=2-4<0. .. x2+x+1=0 () =-3< 0,

= - 3 * = 3(-1) = 3

- 1 *.

(I) (II)

- 1 * .

( i )

- 1 *, i2= -1. i

, .
() :

- + - 1+ 3 1 *
3
1
=
= - +
i,
2
2
2
2
- - 1 3 1 *
3
1
x2=
=
= - i.
2
2
2
2

X1=

, X1=x2= -

1
2

1
+
2

3
i,
2

3
i, +i
2

- 1 - 3 , .

,
.

( )
. , ,
,
. ,
.
.

3. C

:
i i2=-1.
i
( i), ,

={i, }.

+i, ,
( i).

() ,
, ,
(0
1 ),
(
),
,
.

C
,

. ,

C={+i,

}.

+0i

i C 0+i. 0
0+0i, 1 1+0i.

x,,, ,
, ,W ,1,2 . :
C : .

4. C

=+i
(,) , :
1=+i 2=+i :
o 1=2 +i = +i = = ( )
o 1=0 +i = 0+0i =0 =0.
o 10 +i 0+0i 0 0.

o !!!!

5. C
1.-:

1+2 = (+i) + (+i) = (+)+(+)i,

Z1-Z2 = 1+(-Z2) = (+i) + (+i) = (-)+(-)i

2.:
12=(+i)(+i)=+i+i+i2=()+(+)i.( , R,
ii =i2 -1).
!!!.

3. : 10, W=x+yi 1W=1

(+i)(x+yi) =1+0i <=>(ax-y)+(y+x)i =1+0i <=> x-y =1 (1)
x+y =0 (2). (1) (2) D=2+2 0
( ?), , :
-

x =

y
=
. 1
2 + 2
2 + 2

1
1

= 2
+
W,
Z1
Z1 + 2
-
i.
2
+ 2
1
Z1
4.: 20
= 1
.
Z2
Z2
Z1
+ i

:
=
=
Z2
+ i
+ -
i.
+
2 + 2 2 + 2

!!!
.( 9)

5.: C : =
1
-
2 1=. 0, 0 =1 = .
Z
6. i :
:

i0=1.
I1=i
I2=-1
I3=-i

i4=1
i5=I
i6=-1
i7=-i

-1

. : i =i =0,1,2,3

4.(?)

6.

Z = +i

1. = Re()
= Im() .
2. (,),

, .
().
=+0 (,0),
xx
, i=0+i
yy
.

. ! , R.
3. OM=(,)
.
.
4. OM
Z . Z = OM =

+
2

=d(,).

0
.

=0 Z = 0.

Z = ,>0
,

.
: Z =.
1 2 :
!!! 1=2 => Z 1 = Z 2 ,
(?).

:
i) z 1z 2 = z 1 z 2 ,
ii)

z1
z1
, 20
=
z2
z2

iii) z 1 - z 2 z 1 + z 2 Z 1 + Z 2 .
i) iii) , 3
.

, 1(1)
2(2) : z 1 - z 2 =d(1,2).
:
) , z - z 0 =, >0,
(0) , ()
.

) , z - z 1 = z - z 2 ,
(1) (2)
() .
) , z - z 1 + z - z 2 =2,>0,
1(1) 2(2), ()
.
1,2
.
5. : Re(Z) Z Im(Z)

( ?)

6. (,) 1(,-)
-i, Z
.
: 1) + Z = 2 = 2Re().
2) - Z = 2i = 2Im()i.
3) Z =2+2= Z 2 .

,
.

W
,
W= + Z ,W= Z W= - Z .
:

) ZR <=>Im(Z)=0 <=> Z= Z
) ZI <=>Re(Z)=0 <=> Z=- Z
:
i) z 1 + z 2 = z 1 + z 2 ,
ii) z 1 z 2 = z 1 z 2 ,

z1
z1
)=
.
z2
z2
i) ii) ,3
.
!!! =+i
:
iii) (

i.

10

.
7. (,)
2(-,-) -i ,
.
8. (,) 3(-,)
+i - Z
.
9. =+i, Z =-i, -=--i, - Z =-+i

: Z = Z = - Z = - Z .

7.
1.
:
)
)
) | |
)

.
2.
:
)
)
) | |
)

.
3.
2,3
. 3 =1,
310 = (3)103 = .
4. (. ) ()
=x+yi
.

11

.
|
|
|| |
() ; |

10| |

| |

15

3/2.
..
5. ,

R. 1.) .
6.
| |

.
,

| |

,|

,|

,
|

:
|

-
! (
, ).
- ;

!! .
7.
.
, <<>>
<<>>
(

),

|
A |

|.
|
-

12

|
|
. E 9
|
|;
0
|
: |
.

!!!!. , , :
max|

- , ,
.
. , ,
, . :

|
|

|
|

|
|

|
|
,
|
|
0
|
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,

.
,
|
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|
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:
.
.
:
) -

) - ,W
,
, min max |-W|.

,
-
.
|-2+3|=4 |-(2-3)|=4
(2,-3) 4, |-2+3| 4
.
.

13

14

8. i i
,

i=i4+,

=0,1,2,3
=4,=4+1,=4+2,=4+3. .
=i3+1+i5+3+i2, ,>0.

=(i3)i+(i5)i3+(i2) = (-i)i+i(-i)+(-1) .
) =4 =(-i)4i+i4(-i)+(-1)4=i+(-i)+1=1
) =4+1 ) =4+2 ,) =4+3
, i4=(-i)4=1.

. (1+i)2=2i, (1-i)2=2i, (1+i)3=-2(1-i) ,
(1+i)104=((1+i)2)52=(2i)52=252i52=252i0=252 .

.
9.
, ,
.
! .

S=1+i+i2++i,
. .
8., , !!!
10.

. :
|1+2|2+|1-2|2= 2|1|2+2|2|2 1,2.

:
1. 1,2,3 1+2+3=0 |1|=|2|=|3|=>0,
(1),(2),(3)

15

2. z1, z2, z3, z4C z1+z2+z3+z4=1 z1=z2=z3=z4=1.

(z1), (z2), (z3), (z4)
.

1. 4+5, 1+, -1+, -,5+0, 04, -1-, 1-, 2+2, -2+2,4-5, -4+5, -2-2.
2. 1.
3. 3+4, 2-7, 5+
.
4. 1.
, , .
5. = (2+1)+(||-2) .
: ) , )
, ) , ) , )
.
6.
:
) 1+, -2+2
) 1+2, 3+
7. =+ W= - ,

) 2+W2.
?
) .
8. : ) Re(z)
|z| ) Im(z)
|z|, ) Re(z) =
, Im(z)
=

9. ||2=2 .
10. ||2=-2 .

1. , W W
Im

| |

: Re

| |

+ W = 2Re(Z ).
2. ,W , : Z
3. 3+2++=0,
,,,
, 0,
0.
4. 3.

16

5. ;

6. , (+2)2=,
= +
. .
7. ||2=|2-1|, Re(Z2)=1/2.
8. W = + () -+2=0
= + =2W+3- ,
. Wo ,
=2Wo+3-i. () (Wo)
.
9. ) 22>-1, ) 22-+1>0.
10. W |W| =2,
=

1. z13= 4+2 12 i, z25= 30 +2 31 i, z34=14+2 15 i.
:
|z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1|= 2|z1+z2+z3|
2. zC : z+16=4z+1 z=4.
3. : (1-2i)+(i+2)=0
4. zC z2+z+1=0. , z3+2+z6+1+1=0.
1
5. zC, z0 z+ =1
z
6
() z

() : z6+2 +

= -1.
z
6. (z+2) zv =0, zC, *. z1
, : Re (z1)= -1.
6 + 2

7. N*, (i+)+(-i)=0,
, 2+2 >0.

8.

17
z=x+(y-2)I,

x,

y,

1
(x,y)( ,0).
2

z
wI M(x, y)
2z - 1 + 4i

xx
w=

9. :

(1 + i)
= 2i -1 .
(1- i)-2

10. 1,2 :|1-1-2i|=1

|2+2+2i|=2,
|1-2|.
11. 0.
z, - z, iz 3 .
2 3 ,
.
12. =(2-4+3)+(2+2-3)i.
:
.
.
.
V. = 2.
13.

) |+i|=2, : 2 - 2 +1 2+ 2 .
) |-2+i|=4, : 1 |+2+4i| 9.

14.

) : ||2=2 .
) : |+|||+|-||| =2||,
.

15. Z1,Z2 Z12+Z22 = 0,

:
(i) z 1 = z 2
(ii) z 1 + z 2 = z 1 - z 2
(iii)
, ,, z1,z2,z1+z2
.

18

+i
i-
16. : =
+
N.
1 - i
1 + i
17. :

() z 1 + z 2
() z 1 - z 2

= z1 + z2
2

+ 2 Re( z 1 z 2 )

= z 1 + z 2 - 2Re(z 1 z 2 )

.
18. z, w
.
19. zC :z-1-i 5,
:z-10-13i.
.
20. z1, z2 C z2-z+9=0,
z1,z2.
() |z1|, |z2|.
z z
() 1 + 2 = -2, .
z 2 z1
() =0,
z :
|z-z1| + |z-z2|=10.
21.
:2+2=4.
)
) w=Z+

2+2=8.
22. 1,2,3,4
|1|=|2|=|3|=|4|=10. :
|1-2|+|2-3|+|3-4|+|4-1|<63.
23. 1,2 :(1-)1-32=9-8 (1)
(2+)1+(7-2)2=23+16 (2) ,
|-1|=|-2|.
24. ,
=2+2-9 W=5+(3+3) .
25. ,W ; |+W|=|Z|,|W|=2||
||2-3|W|+8
0,
|-W|.
26. 1,2 ||2-2Re(Z)=0,
|1-2| 2.

27. *, R (1+)

19

1. .
2. .
3. (0,0)
4. .
5. Z =1 C .
6. , .
7. =x+ix 1.
8. , .
9. = +i0 0 0 .
10. Re(2Z+1)=Re(2Z)+1.
11. R Im(Z)=0.
12. I

Re(Z)=0.

13. Z 1 + Z 2 = Z 1 + Z 2 1,2 C.
14. Z , >0
.
15. |1|=|2| 1,2
16. .
17. 90.
18. 0=+, , .
.
) |-0|=
) |-0|=||

20

C KAI R.

R C

1.
2.

= x <=> x =

1.
2.

3. x <=> - x ,>0

3.

4. x > <=> x <- x >

4.

5.

5.

x = <=> x=
6. - x x x , xR
2

6.
2

7. x = x 2 , xR

7. . zC, z = z z

8.

9.
( )
10. 2
<0

8.

( )
9. (
)
10. 2
( <0 )

11. 1

11.
( )

12.
13.
,
Horner
14.

12.
13.
( )

15. , R, 2+2=0 <=> =0

=0

15. . 12+22=0
1,2 ,.
1=1+i
Z2=-1+i.
16. 12+22
:12+22=
(1-i2)(1+i2).(?)

16. 2+2

14.


2
z +1=0

jgeo50@gmail.com

z=

2008

..

.
.