Temperature Measurement

Prof. sanket patel

The following characteristics can be used to
measure the temperature
I. A change in dimensions
II. A change in electrical resistance of metals and
semiconductors
III. A thermo-electric emf is produced due to temp.
difference at two junction of two metals or alloys
joined together.
IV. A change in intensity and color of radiation
emitted by the hot body with respect to change in
temperature.
Temperature Scale
Liquid in Glass Thermometer
Filled system or Pressure Spring System
Vapour Pressure Thermometer
Dual filled Thermometer
Thermoelectric pyrometer
Law of thermocouples
Law of Homogeneous circuit:-
A thermo-electric current can not be produced or
sustained in a circuit of a single homogeneous
metal by the application of heat alone.
Law of intermediate temperature:-
A thermo-electric emf is produced when the
junction of two dissimilar homogeneous material
are kept at different temperature, then net emf is
not affected by temperature gradient along the
conductor.
Law of thermocouples
Law of intermediate Metal:-
insertion of an intermediate metal into
thermocouple basic circuit will not affect the net
emf, provided the two junction introduced by the
third metal are at identical temperatures.
Series connection of thermocouple
Parallel connection of thermocouple
Resistance Temperature Detectors(RTD)
Thermistors
Specific mixture of pure oxides of Nickel, copper, iron,
manganese, titanium and uranium
Thermistors
Pyrometer
There are two types of pyrometers usually
used in industries
I. Total radiation pyrometer
II. Optical pyrometer
Total Radiation Pyrometer
Optical Pyrometer
Calibration of Temperature Measuring
Devices
1) Comparison with primary standards or the fixed
temperature points or specified by the international
temperature scale.
2) Comparison with reliable calibrated secondary standards
According to international temperature scale(IPTS), the
following primary fixed points which can be reproduced
accurately.
I. Triple point of hydrogen . -259.34 C
II. Boiling point of hydrogen -252.87 C
III. Triple point of water 0.01 C
IV. Boiling point of water 100 C
V. Freezing point of gold . 1064.43 C

Calibration of liquid in glass
thermometer