IONIZATION CONSTANTS FOR SOME ACIDS AND THEIR CONJUGATE BASES

Acid Name Acid K

a
K
b
Acid Acid Name
Perchloric acid HClO
4
large very small ClO
4
-
Perchloric acid
Sulfuric acid H
2
SO
4
large very small HSO
4
-
Hydrogen sulfate acid
Hydrochloric acid HCl large very small Cl
-
Chloride acid
Nitric acid HNO
3
large very small NO
3
-
Nitrate acid
Hydronium ion H
3
O
+
1
1.0 x 10
-14
H
2
O Hydronium ion
Sulfurous Acid H
2
SO
3 1.2 x 10
-2
8.3 x 10
-13
HSO
3
-
Hydrogen Sulfite ion
Hydrogen Sulfate ion HSO4
-
1.2 x 10
-2
8.3 x 10
-13
SO
4
2-
Sulfate ion
Phosphoric Acid H
3
PO
4 7.5 x 10
-3
1.3 x 10
-12
H
2
PO
4
-
Dihydrogen phosphate ion
Hydrofluoric Acid HF 7.2 x 10
-4
1.4 x 10
-11
F
-
Flouride ion
Nitrous Acid HNO
2 4.5 x 10
-4
2.2 x 10
-11
NO
2
-
Nitrite ion
Formic Acid HCO
2
H
1.8 x 10
-4
5.6 x 10
-11
HCO
2
-
Formate ion
Benzoic Acid C
6
H
5
CO
2
H
6.3 x 10
-5
1.6 x 10
-10
C
6
H
5
CO
2
-
Benzoate ion
Acetic Acid CH
3
CO
2
H
1.8 x 10
-5
5.6 x 10
-10
CH
3
CO
2
-
Acetate ion
Propanoic Acid CH
3
CH
2
CO
2
H
1.3 x 10
-5
7.7 x 10
-10
CH
3
CH
2
CO
2
-
Propanoate ion
Carbonic Acid H
2
CO
3 4.2 x 10
-7
2.4 x 10
-8
HCO
3
-
Hydrogen carbonate ion
Hydrogen Sulfide H
2
S
1.0 x 10
-7
1.0 x 10
-7
HS- Hydrogen phosphate ion
Dihydrogen phosphate ion H
2
PO
4
-
6.2 x 10
-8
1.6 x 10
-7
HPO
4
2-
Hydrogen phosphate ion
Hydrogen sulfite ion HSO
3
-
6.2 x 10
-8
1.6 x 10
-7
SO
3
2-
Sulfite ion
Hypochlorous Acid HClO 3.5 x 10
-8
2.9 x 10
-7
ClO
-
Hypochlorite ion
Ammonium ion NH
4
+
5.6 x 10
-10
1.8 x 10
-5
NH
3
Ammonia
Hydrocyanic Acid HCN 4.0 x 10
-10
2.5 x 10
-5
CN
-
Cyanide ion
Hydrogen carbonate ion HCO
3
-
4.8 x 10
-11
2.1 x 10
-4
CO
3
2-
Carbonate ion
Hydrogen phosphate ion HPO
4
2-
3.6 x 10
-13
2.8 x 10
-2
PO
4
3-
Phosphate ion
Water H
2
O
1.0 x 10
-14
1 OH
-
Hydroxide ion
Ammonia NH
3
very small large NH
2
-
Amide
Hydrogen H
2
very small large H
-
Hydride ion
I
N
C
R
E
A
S
I
N
G

A
C
I
D

S
T
R
E
N
G
H
T

I
N
C
R
E
A
S
I
N
G

B
A
S
E


S
T
R
E
N
G
H
T