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wadeguyitt@gmail.com, myolwin286@gmail.com

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Staff writers Wade Guyitt, Myo Lwin,

Editors Myo Lwin, Wade Guyitt

Aung Shin, Jeremy Mullins, Aye Thidar Kyaw,
Sub editor Mya Kay Khine Soe
Zaw Htike, Stuart Alan Becker,
Nyan Lynn Aung, Sandar Lwin,
Photography Yu Yu, Boothee, Zarni Phyo,
Mya Kay Khine,
Ko Pyaee, Aung Htay Hlaing, Kaung Htet,
Ko Taik
Contributers Joe Barker-Bennett,
Roger Mitton, Lau Sim Yee, U Aung Thaung, Cover design Ko Htway and Wade Guyitt
Sean Turnell, Edwin Vanderbruggen,
Page layout Ko Ko Zaw, Phyo Thiha,
Sebastian Pawlita, Yi Yi Mon,
Shine Htet Moe
Bandi Ram Prasad, William Aung

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Central Bank of Myanmar
Myanmars Financial Sector: A
Challenging Environment for Banks
(GIZ, 2013)
Making Access Possible UNDP
report and associated Myanmar
FinScope Survey 2013
Fiery Dragons: Banks,
Moneylenders and Microfinance in
Burma. Sean Turnell (2009)

For feedback and enquiries, please contact

wadeguyitt@gmail.com, myolwin286@gmail.com

jrefrmEdik if &H UJ aiGaMu;ordik ;f (1861 rS 2015)

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jrefrmEdik if &H UJ aiGaMu;ordik ;f (1861 rS 2015)

csufwD;,m;rsm;u udkvdkeDqefYusif
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tpnf;rsm; tvm;tvm&Sv
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1937
,m;rsm; usq;kH aomtcg rnforl Qtpm;
rxdk;EdkifcJh/
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aps;xdk;us/

{NyD 1 jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&tufOya'u tpdk;&uom xdef;csKyf/ The Reserve

jrefrmEdkifiHudk tdEd,xJuae cGJxkwfNyD; Bank of India-RBI udk ESpfEdkifiHvHk;
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udp&yfrsm;udk NAdwdoQcefYtyfxm;aom

pmrsuEf mS 8 odYk

1920 rS 1930

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txefBudK;yrf;ae&ygw,f/ wcsKdUbPf [m olq
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l vma&muftyfEHS &mrSm tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHawGeJY tqifhtwef;
awGu rMumcifydwfoifhwJh tajctaerSm xm;wJhaiGawGudk &if;ESD;jrKyfESHzdkY? wDxGif wlEdkifiHawGeJY,SOfvdkuf&if aemufa&muf
&Sdaeygw,f/ 'gayrJh bPfpmtkyf&SdwJhol zefwD;rIawG jyKvkyfzdkYeJY vkyfief;wdk;csJUzdkY aew,fqdkwmudk 'Dudef;*Pef;awGu
wpfOD;OD; 'grSr[kwf 10 &mcdkifEIef;aom twGuf aiGacs;olu vdktyfwJhaiG&if;awG jyaeygw,f/
olawGxJu wpfOD;jzpfEdkifwJh taetxm; tjzpf ajymif;vJray;Edkifbl;qdk&if tJ'D
t"dym,f&SdwJh aiGaMu;qdkif&m Mum;0if
rsK;d &So
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bPfu aqmif&Gufay;xm;wmawG? bPf ajrmufq;kH enf;pepf? uRrf;usifrI t&SdqHk; u@rSm atmifjrifrrI &wm[m bPfawGeYJ

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jzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh b@ma&;u@udk ESpfaygif;20 cefY avhvmaeoljzpfonf/
Reserve Bank of Australia wGif 0g&ifh ynm&SifwpfOD;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhzl;NyD;
,cktcg qpf'feDNrdKU&dS Macquirie wuodkvfwGif tajccsvsuf&dSonf/

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bPfawG[m bPfawG&JU wm0efawGudk
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b,fae&meJY oufqdkifygovJ/
t"duuawmh jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&SdwJh

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aemufydkif;rSm jrefrmEdkifiH[m qdk&S,fvpf
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wJh oufwrf;rSm wpfESpfxufausmfwJh
aiGacs;rIrsKd;rvkyfzdkY wm;jrpfxm;jcif;/
(acs;aiGeJYywfoufNyD; aemufESpfESpf
oHk;ESpf wdk;ay;zdkYudkawmh vkyfaeayr,hf
vnf; a&&Snf&if;ESD;jrKyfESHvmzdkYtwGuf
taxmuftulrjzpfapygbl;/)
taygifcyH pn;f rygbJ acs;aiG xkwaf cs;
zdkY cGifhjyKjcif;udk wm;jrpfxm;jcif;/
taygifcHypnf;tay: ay;wJhacs;aiG
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vdktyfwmxuf ydkrsm;aejcif;/
yk*vdubPfawG v,form;awGeJY
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Y wfxm;jcif;... wdyYk jJ zpfygw,f/
pmrsufESm 10 odkY

0ifaiG&if;jrpfrsm;
30%pdkufysKd;a&;ukrPDrsm;
27% tdrfaxmifpkrsm;
18% ud,
k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;
8% ykwfjywfvkyfief;
5% pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;
2% tdrfwGif;vkyfief;
2% yk*v
u
d ukrP
D
2% tpdk;&
2% aiGyaYkd iGvJT
4% tjcm;udp
Source: Myanmar FinScope
Survey 2013

1938

1939

ar-ZGef tm&fbDtdkifu uGJjym;jcm;em; rSm t*Fvdyf? jrefrmESifh &Srf; bmompm

aom aiGpuL'DZdkif;xkwfvkyf&eftrdefYudk rsm;yg0if/
vdkufemum yxrqH;k txl;aiGpuLawG
udkxkwfvkyf/ lyD;[kqufac:arv
wGifig;lyD; aiGpuLESifh ZGefvwGif 10
lyD; aiGpuLudkxkwfvkyf/ aiGpuLawG

Zlvikd f jrefrmly;D aiGpuLrsm;udk wpfzuf

wGif q|rajrmufa*smhcsfbk&ifyHkESifh
tjcm;wpfzufwiG f a'gif;yH?k qify?kH usm;yH?k
oabFmyHkESifh EGm;vSnf;yHkrsm;jzifh 5 lyD;?
10 lyD;? 100 lyD;? 1000 lyD;? 10000

lyD;wefrsm;xkwfvkyfcJh/ tdEd,lyD;awG tdEd,udk jrefrmaiGpuLpD;0ifum jynf

jrefrmEdkifiHrSm qufvuf vnfywfae wGif; jznfhqnf;EdkifrI wjznf;jznf;
aomfvnf; jrefrmlyD;aiGuawmh jrefrm qkwf,kwf/
EdkifiHrSmyJ w&m;0ifjzpfNyD; tdEd,rSmoHk;
r&/ tm&fbDtdkifaiGvJrItwGuf

pmrsuEf mS 10 odYk

jrefrmEdik if &H UJ aiGaMu;ordik ;f (1861 rS 2015)

10

1941
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2008-09
Cash

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

1,130,375.52

1,463,407.49

2,332,303.61

2,382,134.35

9,541,469.96

3,353.39

3,369.39

8,363.89

19,273.35

19,426.20

Loans and advances

870,006.27

1,129,831.18

1,925,903.45

3,172,230.65

5,289,043.90

Government securities

485,191.97

926,050.00

1,291,427.30

2,021,972.30

2,579,932.00

200.00

200.00

220.00

772.80

Bills purchased & discounted

35,162.83

110,737.22

180,623.82

74,014.31

80,285.06

Fixed assets

35,725.55

49,628.52

83,708.75

140,390.35

222,994.68

Other assets

96,702.16

142,017.16

227,628.33

499,368.97

4,597,971.76

AEG

27,586.44

27,791.13

29,334.50

42,748.50

645,213.64

Total

2,684,104.13

3,853,032.09

6,079,493.65

8,352,352.78

22,977,110.00

Paid-up capital

94,281.20

130,808.00

240,457.60

344,492.23

467,204.65

Reserves

27,139.33

35,925.30

51,773.52

76,814.09

121,266.30

Other reserves

Equity investment

Public securities

25,915.38

28,888.48

42,807.19

61,377.62

1,147,011.81

Profit & loss

1,950.62

3,377.20

6,559.79

12,131.55

14,191.19

Share premium

1,368.47

2,219.55

2,672.50

3,589.39

1,828.29

2,186,663.69

3,162,502.84

4,911,005.43

6,961,246.25

13,057,304.48

23,283.10

47,713.56

275,812.13

198,726.62

552,073.10

Bills payable

123,087.88

228,264.31

268,772.75

81,213.49

1,255,136.29

Other liabilities

172,828.02

185,541.72

250,298.24

570,013.04

5,715,880.25

AEG

27,586.44

27,791.13

29,334.50

42,748.50

645,213.64

Total

2,684,104.13

3,853,032.09

6,079,493.65

8,352,352.78

22,977,110.00

37.65

43.55

57.78

37.39

175.10

Deposits
Borrowing

Increase in total assets (%) y-o-y

Source: Central Bank Annual Report 2013 (via Myanmars Financial Sector: A Challenging Environment for Banks)

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udk,fpm;vS,fHk;zGifhxm;aom EdkifiHjcm;bPfrsm;pm&if;
Foreign banks with local representative offices
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
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Licence issued Commencement

DBS Bank Ltd

United Overseas Bank Ltd.
Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Ltd.
Malayan Banking Berhad (MAYBANK)
Bangkok Bank Public Company Ltd.
National Bank Ltd.
Brunei Investment Bank (BIB)
First Overseas Bank Ltd.
CIMB Bank Berhad (New Licence for Name of Merger)
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation(New Licence for Name of Merger
The Bank of Tokoyo -Mitsubishi UFJ,Ltd(New Licence for Name of Merger)
Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam
AB Bank Limited
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd
Mizuho Corporate Bank Ltd
Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Ltd
MARUHAN Japan Bank PLC
Krung Thai Bank Public Company Ltd
United Bank of India
KASIKORNBANK Public Company Ltd
Hana Bank
Woori Bank
ANZ Bank
Vietin Bank
Korea Development Bank
Standard Chartered Bank
Shinhan Bank
Industrial Bank of Korea
First Commercial Bank (New Licence for Change of Management Office)
E.SUN Commercial Bank, Singapore Branch
Bank of India (BOI)
Kookmin Bank
Export-Import Bank of India
Export-Import Bank of Korea
Eastern Bank Limited
Bank of Ayudhya Public Company Limited
RHB Bank Berhad
Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC
State Bank of India
Cathay United Bank
State Bank of Mauritius
Bred Banque Populaire

Nov 10, 1992

Nov 10, 1993
Feb 8, 1994
Aug 12, 1994
Oct 24, 1994
July 6, 1995
Sept 18, 1995
April 30, 1996
Feb 19, 2008
April 18, 2001
March 17, 2006
March 1, 2010
Dec 10, 2010
Sept 16, 2011
Jan 19, 2012
April 23, 2012
May 7, 2012
June 14, 2012
June 19, 2012
July 18, 2012
Sept 20, 2012
Oct 25, 2012
Dec 6, 2012
Dec 12, 2012
Dec 27, 2012
Dec 27, 2012
March 13, 2013
March 14, 2013
March 18, 2013
April 1, 2013
May 7, 2013
June 4, 2013
June 14, 2013
Dec 16, 2013
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data

March 29, 1994

Aug 2, 1994
Nov 15, 1994
April 11, 1995
Aug 18, 1995
July 16, 1996
July 1, 1996
May 15, 1996
Feb 19, 2008
April 18, 2001
March 17, 2006
April 3, 2010
June 6, 2012
Dec 2, 2011
April 6, 2012
Dec 23, 2012
July 28, 2012
Dec 20, 2012
Dec 5, 2012
Jan 9, 2013
Nov 7, 2012
no data
April 5, 2013
no data
June 12, 2013
Feb 5, 2013
April 9, 2013
April 23, 2013
April 30, 2013
July 17, 2013
no data
no data
Sept 9, 2013
Jan 20, 2014
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data

origin

Representative office

Singapore
Marshall Islands
Singapore
Malaysia
Thailand
Bangladesh
Brunei
Bahamas
Malaysia
Japan
Japan
Vietnam
Bangladesh
China
Japan
Thailand
Japan
Thailand
India
Thailand
South Korea
South Korea
Australia
Vietnam
South Korea
United Kingdom
South Korea
South Korea
no data
Taiwan
India
South Korea
India
South Korea
Bangladesh
Thailand
Malaysia
Sri Lanka
India
Taiwan
Mauritius
France

502 Sakura Tower, 339 Bogyoke Aung San Street, Kyauktada, Yangon
48 Aung Teza Street, Mayangone, Yangon
1202 Sakura Tower, Yangon
26, Thanlwin Rd., Bahan Tsp, Yangon
Chatrium Hotel Royal Lake Yangon, Lobby Floor, 40 Natmauk Road, Tamwe Township.
26 (A), Pyay Rd., 7th Mile, Bahan Tsp.
305, U Wisara Road, Bahan Township.
69, 003 (G/F), Yuzana Tower, West Shwegondaing Rd., Bahan Tsp.
1008 Level 10, Sakura Tower, Kyauktada Township, Yangon.
Rm# 717-718, Traders Hotel, 233, Sule Pagoda Rd., Pabedan Tsp.
Rm# 403-404, IBC Centre, Pyay Rd., Hlaing Tsp.
Address: 629/631, Pyay Road.
Address: 9, Thuhawaddy Gandamar Lane.
No. 601A, 6th Floor, Sakura Tower.
380, (7th Flr.), FMI Centre, Bogyoke Aung San St., Pabedan Tsp.
102, Inya Road, Kamayut Township
97B, Kaba Aye Pagoda Road.
46, Kaba Aye Pagoda Rd., Bahan Tsp.
Room No. 805, La Pyayt Wun Plaza 37, Alanpya Pagoda Road, Dagon, Yangon
No.313/315, U Wisara Road, Sanchaung Township, Yangon,
Room 202, 3 Wingabar Lane, Shwe Gon Daing
no data
1807, 18th Floor Sakura Towers, 339 Bogyoke Aung San Road
(Rm 601), 6th Flr, Pearl Condo E, Kaba Aye Pagoda Rd., Saya San Ward, Bahan Township
no data
Unit No 6H, 6th Floor, Centrepoint Towers, Kyauktada Township, Yangon, Myanmar
No. 48, Ward 10, Kabar Aye Pagoda Road, Mayangone T/S, Yangon, Myanmar
no data
339, Bogyoke Aung San Road, Ward (1), Sule Pagoda Road, Kyauktada Township, Yangon
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
51C Kabar Aye Pagoda Road, Yangon
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data

1949

1952

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22

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Contact
01-255 407; fax 01-255100, www.dbs.com.sg
01-667818; fax 01-544126; www.privatebanking.com
01-255409; www.ocbc.com
01-524950; www.maybank.com
01-549922, 01-549933; fax 01-549977; tossatis.bangkokbankyangon@gmail.com
01-666177
(673) 2383649; fax (673) 2380154; helma.hamid@bicb-brunei.com
01-558658~9; fax(1 242) 327-4776
01-255430; fax +01-255430
01-242828
01-664416, 01-664462
01-505400, 01-503603
01-572701; www.abbl.com
no data
01-243009; miemiedkb@mptmail.net.mm
no data
01-501301
01-548861; www.ktb.co.th ktbyangonrep@gmail.com
01-387636, 09-73130482; www.unitedbankofindia.com; royangon@unitedbank.com
01-524285,01-500727, 01-514868 kbankyangon@gmail.com; kasikornbank.com
09-448537341; www.hanabank.com
no data
01-255205; rajesh.ahuja@anz.com, www.anz.com
www.vietinbank.com
no data
09-5166635; www.sc.com
www.shinhan.com.en
www.eng.ibk.co.kr
www.firstcommercialbank.com
www.esunfhc.com
www.bankofindia.com
www.kbfng.com
www.eximbankindia.com
www.koreaexim.go.kr
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data

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Profile

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myolwin286@gmail.com, jeremymullins7@gmail.com

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aiGaMu;axmufyHhrI{u 12 'or 4 oef; vkyif ef;rsm;
ukrPD
vdik pf if&onfh &ufpGJ 1990 jynfhESpf
aemufco
H rdik ;f
(2011-2012)
ydik q
f ikd rf I
ydkifqdkifrIt& wwd,tBuD;qHk; bPfjzpf
b@ma&;0efBuD;XmerSxdef;csKyf
2011-12 usyf 116 'or 3 bDvsH
aemufco
H rdik ;f
onf/ or0g,r0efBuD;XmerS aemufcH
vkyif ef;rsm;
jynfwiG ;f ESihf Edik if jH cm;&if;ES;D jry Ef o
HS rl sm;? tpk tjzpf&Sdaomfvnf; 0efBuD;XmerS &S,f,m
vdik pf ifcs&onf&h ufpGJ 1953 ZGef
pyfvyk if ef;rsm;? zufpyfurk P
v
D rD w
d ufrsm;? rsm;udkrydkifqdkifay/ pDbDonf or0g,r
pdkufysKd;a&;0efBuD;XmerS xdef;csKyf
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;? wpfO;D wnf;ydik pf ;D yGm;a&; vkyfief;rsm;udk txl;jyKrvkyfaqmifyg/
aemufco
H rkid ;f
vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf ukeyf pn;f wifyo
Ykd rl sm;tm; &S,f,mtrsm;pk ydkifqdkifolrsm;rSm OD;cif
,cifu jrefrmpdkufysKd;a&;ESifh aus;vuf &if;ESD;jryfESHrIzGHUNzdK;rIESifh ukefoG,frIqdkif&m armifat;ESifh ol\ Citizens Business
zGHUNzdK;a&;bPfjzpfonf/ tmrcHay;Edkif&ef 0efaqmifrrI sm; jznfq
Private Company jzpfonf/
h nf;ay;onf/
v,form; ig;OD;rS 10 OD;txdvdktyfNyD;
tif;0bPf
acs;aiGESifh w&m;0ifaiGvHk;aiG&if;qdkif&m
qufo,
G &f ef
EdkifiHydkif tBuD;qHk;bPfjzpfonf/
Hk;csKyf 554-556? ukefonfvrf;? 35
jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;bPf
vrf;axmifh? ausmufwHwm;? &efukef/
qufo,
G &f ef
zkef;/ 01-254642? 01-254645?
H;k csKyf 26? oD&ad usmpf mG vrf;? aejynfawmf/ NrdKU&GmESifhtdk;tdrfzGHUNzdK;a&;bPf
01-254646
0ufbq
f u
kd f www.mebank.com.mm qufo,
G &f ef
0ufbq
f u
kd f www.ablmm.com
0efaqmifrrI sm;
H;k csKyf 60? a&Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;? '*Hk? &efukef/ 0efaqmifrrI sm;
bPfcJG 307
zke;f 01-371338? 01-371978
bPfcJG 33
vkyif ef;rsm;
k;H csed f eHeuf 9 em&DcJGrS nae 4 em&DcGJ ydik q
f ikd rf I
vdik pf if&onf&h ufpGJ 1975 ckESpf
0efaqmifrrI sm;
201112? usyf 245 bDvsH
bPfcJG 4
2012-13? usyf 260 bDvsH
b@ma&;0efBuD;XmerSxdef;csKyf
aemufco
H rdik ;f
atwDtrfpuf 4
vkyif ef;rsm;
0ef
x
rf
;
317
vdkifpif&onfh&ufpJG 1997 ckESpf arv
1954 wGiw
f nfaxmifcahJ om Edik if aH wmf
d l 2568
15 &uf
ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;bPfrS ay:ayguf bPfpm&if;&So
b@ma&;
jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;aumfydka&;&Sif;
vmjcif;jzpfonf/ bPfvkyfief;twGuf
qufEG,faeaom tjcm; pD;yGm;a&;
A[db
k Pf\ ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f jzpfaqmif cGijhf yKrwnfaiG usyf 100 bDvsH
rwnf
a
iG
us
y
f
50
bD
v
s
H
vkyfief;rsm; '*HkbD,mcsufpufHk? jr0wD
&Guaf y;onf/
vkyif ef;rsm;
kyfoHvdkif;? aqmufvkyfa&;ypnf;rsm;?
jrefrmhEdkifiHjcm;ukefoG,frIbPf
OD;aqmifeT Mf um;a&;r; OD;0if;aZmf
rdk;ukwfESifhrdkif;&SL;&Sd owKwGif;vkyfief;rsm;?
qufo,
G &f ef
vdik pf if&onfh &ufpGJ 2013 ckESpf Zlvdkifv atmifjrifhrdk&frif;tmrcHukrPD
Hk;csKyf 80-? r[mAEvyef;jcHvrf;? 12 &uf
ausmufwHwm;? &efukef/
jrefrmhtao;pm; acs;aiGvkyfief;
aqmufvkyfa&;0efBuD;XmerSxdef;csKyf

Sources: Surveys mailed to banks; bank websites; the Central Bank of Myanmar; Myanmars
Financial Sector: A Challenging Environment for Banks (GIZ, 2013)

jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;bPf

qufo,
G &f ef
Hk;csKyf 383? r[mAEKvvrf;? 37
vrf;axmifh? ausmufwHwm;? &efukef/
zkef;/ 01-245938? 01-28319?
01245934? 01-245936
0ufbq
f u
kd f www.mcb.com.mm
tD ; ar;vf admin@mcb.com.mm
kH;csdef 9;30 rS 3;00 em&D (wevFmrS
aomMum)
0efaqmifrrI sm;
bPfcJG 13
atwDtrfpuf 3
0efxrf; 472
bPfpm&if;&So
d l 56069
ydik q
f ikd rf I
201112? usyf 40 'or 89 bDvsH
2012-13? usyf 81 'or 66 bDvsH
2013-14? usyf 105 'or 30 bDvsH
b@ma&;
cGifhjyKrwnfaiG&if; usyf 75 bDvsH
(2014 ckESpf? arvtxd)
rwnfaiG usyf 18 'or 27 bDvsH (2014
ckESpf arvtxd)
acs;aiG usyf 62 'or 17 bDvsH
tyfaiG usyf 85 'or 31 bDvsH
vkyif ef;rsm;
Ou| OD;wdk;atmifjrifh
OD;aqmifeT Mf um;a&;r; OD;jrifh0if;
vdik pf if&onfh &ufpGJ 1992 ckESpf arv
25 &uf
pD;yGm;a&;ESifh
ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;
0efBuD;XmerSxdef;csKyf
bmhaMumifah &G;cs,o
f vJ/
pkaiGeJYacs;aiGtwGuf
tvHkjcHKqHk;ESifh
twnfNidrfqHk;bPfjzpfygw,f/ 'DbPfu
zke;f / 01-370994
bPf
ESpf 20 ausmfvHk;vHk;rSwfwrf;tcdkiftrm
0ufbfqdkuf mmftb.com/english/ or0g,rbPf
qufo,
G &f ef
&yfwnfcJhwJhpGefYOD;bPfawGxJrSm wpfck
qufo,
G &f ef
H;k csKyf q&mpHyvmZm? wuodkvf&dyfom jzpfw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYbPfudk atmifjrif
index.php
0efaqmifrrI sm;
Hk;csKyf 334-336? urf;em;vrf;? 23 vrf;opf? q&mpHvrf;? A[ef;? &efukef/ aewJh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifawGu pDrHcefYcGJ
bPfpm&if;&So
d l 80000 (2012)
zke;f 01-8604047~49
vrf;xdyf? vom? &efukef/
aewmjzpfygw,f/Edik if w
H umbPfvkyif ef;?
vkyif ef;rsm;
zkef;/ 01-372641? 01-372646? 0ufbq
f u
kd f www.mmbbank.com.mm ta<u;0,fuwfeYJ rdb
k ikd ;f vfbPfpepfrsm;
vdik pf ifcsay;onfch Ek pS f 1975
tD;ar;vf contact@mmbbank.com.mm qdik &f m wDxiG q
01-372655
f ef;opfraI wGukd tjcm;bPf
atwDtrfo;D oefzY ek ;f 01-377539
vkyif ef;rsm;
b@ma&;0efBuD;XmerS xdef;csKyf
awGxuf tapmqHk; pwifcJholjzpfygw,f/
aemufco
H rdik ;f
0ufbq
f u
kd f www.cbbankmm.com
OD;aqmifeT Mf um;a&;rI; OD;aZmf0if;Edkif
1990 ckESpf jrefrmh&if;ESD;jryfESHrIESifh ul;oef; tD;ar;vf contact@cbbankmm.com vdik pf ifcsay;onfch Ek pS f 2013? Zlvdkif 2
a&mif;0,fa&;bPfrwnfaxmifcif EdkifiH 0efaqmifrrI sm;
or0g,r0efBuD;XmerSxdef;csKyf
wum bPfvkyfief;rsm;udk t"duvkyf bPfcJG 85

tpdk;&ESifh zufpyfydkif
bPf 11 bPf

jr0wDbPf

qufo,
G &f ef
H;k csKyf tuGuf (c) - 1? oD&&d wem plygrm;uwf
teD;? [dkw,fZkef? aejynfawmf/
24-26? ql;avbk&m;vrf;? ausmufwHwm;? &efukef/
zkef;/ 01-370558? 01-370559?
01-370562
ydik q
f ikd rf I
2011-12? usyf 732 bDvsH
2012-13? usyf 870 bDvsH
vkyif ef;rsm;
vdkifpif&onfh &ufpJG 1993 ckESpf
Zefe0g&Dv 1 &uf
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH pD;yGm;a&;
OD;ydkifvDrdwufESifh umuG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme
rSxdef;csKyf
ukefoG,fa&;? [dkw,fESifh c&D;
oGm;vma&;? bPfvkyfief;? bwfpfum;ESifh
tiSm;,mOfrsm;? oHESifhpwD;? bdvyfajr?
pD;u&uf? bD,mcsufpufHk? tdrfokwfaq;?
t0wftxnf? ausmufpdrf;? tzdk;wef
ausmufrsufESifh vuf0wf&wemrsm;?
atmifopmOD;tmrcHukrPDwdkYudk vkyf
udkifonf/
aemufco
H rdik ;f
'kwd,tBuD;qHk;bPf jzpfonf/ &S,f,m
rsm;udk umuG,af &;0efBu;D XmeESihf tNird ;f pm;
ppfrIxrf;rsm;ESifh qufpyftzGJUtpnf;rsm;
u ydkifqdkifonf/

aejynfawmfpnfyifbPf

qufo,
G &f ef
Hk;csKyf 25^26? &mZmod*F[mvrf;?
Ow&oD&d? aejynfawmf/
vkyif ef;rsm;
vdkifpif&onfh &ufpJG 2013 ckESpf
azazmf0g&D v 28 &uf
aejynfawmf pnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwD
rSxdef;csKyf

aus;vufzGHUNzdK;a&;bPf

qufo,
G &f ef
H;k csKyf tuGuf 2? oD&d&wemplygrm;uwf
teD;? aejynfawmf/
526532? ukefonfvrf;? ausmufwHwm;?
NrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU/

1965

1967-69

1970

People's Bank of Burma

People's Bank of Burma Act

Oya'
t& EdkifiHjcm;bPf 15 ckESifhjynfwGif;
bPf 10 ckudk jynfolydkifodrf;um
aygif;pnf;/

usef&Sdaeao;aom EdkifiHydkifbPfrsm;
udk People's Bank of Burma ESifh aygif;
pnf;/ 1992 rwdkifcif txd yk*vdu
bPfxyfr&Sd/

u aiGpuL xkwv
f yk rf u
I kd
vTJajymif;&,l/ 'DZdkif;opf
jzifh xkwfvkyf/

pmrsuEf mS 22 odYk

jrefrmEdik if &H UJ aiGaMu;ordik ;f (1861 rS 2015)

21
zke;f / 01-391250
vkyif ef;rsm;
OD;aqmifeT Mf um;a&;r; OD;at;ausmf
vdkifpif&onfh&ufpGJ 1996 ckESpf? ZGefv

2013-14? usyf 163 bDvsH

b@ma&;

cGifhjyKrwnfaiG&if; usyf 50 bDvsH

rwnfaiG&if; usyf 26 bDvsH (2013-14)
6 &uf
acs;aiGppk ak ygif; usyf 86 bDvs(H 2013-14)
arG;jrLa&;? a&vkyfief;ESifh aus;vuf zGHUNzdK; bPftyfaiGpkpkaygif; usyf 111 bDvsH
a&;0efBuD;XmerSxdef;csKyf
(2013-14)
tjcm;aemufco
H rdik ;f
vkyif ef;rsm;
,cif u zG H Y N zd K ;rI b Pf v D r d w uf Ou| pufrI0efBuD;OD;armifjrifh
(Development Bank) [kac:wGifonf/ 'kw,
d Ou| OD;oef;xGef;
OD;aqmifeT Mf um;a&;rI; OD;wifarmifaX;
tao;pm;ESifhtvwfpm; pufrI vdik pf if&onf&h ufpGJ 1996 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv
vkyfief;zGHUNzdK;a&;bPf
12 &uf
qufo,
G &f ef
pufrI0efBuD;XmerSxdef;csKyf
H;k csKyf tuGuf 2? Ow&oD&d? aejynfawmf/ aemufco
H rdik ;f
102^104?
yef ; qd k ; wef ; vrf ; ? ,cif jrefrmpufrIzGHUNzdK;rIbPfjzpfonf/
EdkifiHa&; jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm; vkyfaqmif
ausmufwHwm;? &efukef/
zke;f 01-657602~3? 067-417123~4 aomtcg tufpt
f rft;D (SMEs)odYk ajymif;
zufpf 01- 657604
cJhonf/ 2012 Edk0ifbmESifh 2013 Zlvdkif
0ufbq
f u
kd f www.smidb.com.mm
wGif A[dkbPfrS usyf 5 bDvsH acs;,l
tD;ar;vf midb01@mptmail.com.mm jynfwGif; tao;pm;ESifh tvwfpm;
k;H csed f eHeuf 9 em&DrS nae 3 em&DcJG
vkyfief; 62 ckudk twdk;EIef; 8 'or 5
0efaqmifrrI sm;
&mcdkifEIef;jzifh 3 ESpfpm acs;ay;cJhonf/
bPfcGJ 13 (2014-16 twGif; 6 ck
&wemyHkbPf
xyfzGifh&efpDpOfxm;)
atwDtrf 4 (2013-14 twGif; 5 ckrS qufo,
G &f ef
H;k cGJ 58^u? 26 vrf;? bk&ifhaemifvrf;?
7 ckxd xyfrHwyfqifrnf)
0efxrf; 441 (2013 rwf)
rEav;/
bPfpm&if;&So
d l 17976 (2013-14)
zke;f / 02-60330? 02-31262
ydik q
f ikd rf I
tD;ar;vf yadanarbonbank.mdy
201112? usyf 118 bDvsH
gmail.com
2012-13? usyf 182 bDvsH
k;H csed f eHeuf 9 em&DcJGrS nae 4 em&DcJG

32.62 Kanbawza

bPft&G,ftpm;vdkuf
azmfjyrI 2013

11.40 Myawaddy
10.82 Co-operative Bank
6.93 Myanmar Apex Bank
6.45 Global Treasure Bank
6.22 Ayeyarwady Bank
4.80 Asia Green Development Bank

3.40 Innwa Bank

3.16 United Amara Bank
2.75 Rural Development Bank
2.38 Small and Medium
Industrial Development Bank

EdkifiHydkifbPfrsm;
y k*vdubPfrsm;? tpdk;&ESifh
zufpyf bPfrsm;

2.24 Myanmar Oriental Bank

2.22 Yoma Bank

Market Share (Assets) $

of all Semi-governmental
and Private Banks

1.04 Myanmar Citizens Bank

1.00 Tun Foundation Bank
0.62 Yangon City Bank

Source: Myanmars Financial Sector: A Challenging

Environment for Banks (GIZ 2013)

0efaqmifrrI sm;
bPfcJG 1
0efxrf; 69
bPfpm&if;&So
d l 5815
ydik q
f ikd rf I
201112? usyf 11 'or 07 bDvsH
2012-13? usyf 10 'or 75 bDvsH
b@ma&;
cGijhf yKrwnfaiG usyf 7 bDvsH
rwnfaiG usyf 4 bDvsH (2013-14)
acs;aiG usyf 6 'or 5 bDvsH (2013-14)
tyfaiG usyf 9 'or 99 bDvsH (2013-14)
vkyif ef;rsm;

1.74 First Private Bank

0.13 Yadanarbon Bank

0.07 Asia Yangon International Bank

Ou| NrdKUawmf0ef OD;atmifarmif;

,HkMunf&w,f? azmfa&Gw,f? NyD;awmh
OD;aqmifnTefMum;a&;r; taxG a xG acs;aiGudk tjrefqHk;xkwfacs;Edkifygw,f/
refae*sm OD;armifarmifBuD;

&efukefNrdKUawmf pnfyifom,ma&;
rEa v;Nrd K Uawmf pnf y if o m,ma&; bPf
vdik pf if&onf&h ufpJG 1992? Mo*kwf 27

aumfrwDrSxdef;csKyf
bmhaMumifah &G;cs,o
f vJ/
tawGUtMuHKuae&vmwJh todynmu
tvdkavsmufjzpfvmwmygyJ/ 'DaeYacwfvl
awG[m olwdkY&JU aeYpOfaiGaMu;udpawG
twGuf b,fudkoGm;&r,f? b,folYudk ,Hk&
r,f? b,foleJY qufqH&r,fqdkwm odMu
ygw,f/ uRefawmfwu
Ykd tm;ud;k &w,f?

qufo,
G &f ef
H;k csKyf pufHkvrf;ESifh Anm;'vrf;? r*Fvm
awmifGefY? &efukef/
vkyif ef;rsm;
vkid pf if&onf&h ufpGJ 1993 ckESpf? rwfv
19 &uf
&ef u k e f N rd K Uawmf pnf y if o m,ma&;
aumfrwDrS xdef;csKyf/

22

yk*vdubPf 11 bPf
tm&Sprd ;f vef;rIzUGH NzKd ;a&;bP(f AGD)
qufoG,f&ef
Hk;csKyf 168 oD&d&wemaps;? ZrLoD&d
NrdKUe,f? aejynfawmf/
519? jynfvrf;? urm&Gwf? &efukefNrdKU/
zkef;/ 01523912? 01523903/
0ufbfqdkuf/ www.agdbank.com
0efaqmifrIrsm;
Hk;cJG 48
0efxrf; 2300

ydik q
f ikd rf I
201112 usyf 209 bDvsH
20122013 usyf 366 bDvsH
vkyfief;rsm;
Ou| OD;awZ
tkyfcsKyfrI'gdkufwm OD;&Jrif;OD;
vdkifpif&onfh&ufpJG 2010 jynfhESpf? Zlvdkif
v 2 &uf
Controling internal xl;ukrPDrsm;tkyfpk
tJy*k ?H xl;opfurk P
v
D rD w
d uf? xl;x&dw'f if;
ukrPD? yxrqHk; EdkifiHom;ydkif tjynfjynf
qdkif&m tmrcHukrPDwdkYwGif &if;ESD;jrKyfESH
xm;onf/

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f Pf
qufoG,f&ef
Hk;csKyf 319321? r[mAEKvvrf;?
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zkef;/ 01245825? 01245889?
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bPfpm&if;&Sdol 6543
vkyfief;rsm;
Ou| OD;rsKd;ydkif
OD;aqmifTefMum;a&;r; OD;udkukdav;
vdkifpif&onfh&ufpJG 1994 ckESpf? rwfv
17 &uf
ydkif&Sif OD;rsKd;ydkif
bmaMumifah &G;cs,o
f ifo
h vJ/
jrefrmvlrsKd;awGu odyfdk;om;w,f/
'ghaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYuvnf; uRefawmf
wdkY&JU bPfvkyfief;udk dk;&Sif;wJh enf;vrf;
awGeJYyJ pwifcJhygw,f/
Hk;csKyfeJY a'otoD;oD;u Hk;cJGawGudk
oGm;vm& vG,u
f w
l ahJ e&mawGrmS yJ zGix
hf m;
ay;w,f/

zkef;/ 01531067~9/
0ufbq
f u
kd f www.ayabank.com
tD;ar;vf info@ayabank.com.mm
k;H csed f eHeuf 9 em&DcGJrS nae 3 em&D/
0efaqmifrIrsm;
Hk;cJG 73
atwDtrf 124
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bPfpm&if;&Sdol 250000 0ef;usif
b@ma&;
cGifhjyKrwnfaiG usyf 75 bDvsH
rwnfaiG usyf 65 bDvsH
acs;aiG 60 &mcdkifEIef; (tyfaiGtay:)
tyfaiG usyf 1 x&DvsH
vkyfief;rsm;
Ou| OD;aZmfaZmf
tkyfcsKyfrI'gdkufwm OD;NzdK;atmif
vdkifpif&onfh &ufpJG 2010 jynfhESpf? Zlvdkif
2 &uf
udk,fydkifxdef;csKyf
bmaMumifah &G;cs,o
f ifo
h vJ/
{&mbPfu &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIeJY zGHYNzdK;rI
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azmfwJh bPfvnf; jzpfygw,f/ {&mu
yxrqHk;b@ma&;eJY wDxGifqef;opfrI
awGudk qufvuf vkyfaqmifoGm;zdkY &Sdyg
w,f/

yxryk*vdubPf
qufoG,f&ef
Hk;csKyf 619 621? ukefonfvrf;? AdkvfqGef
yufvrf;? yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU/
zkef;/ 01252412? 01251747?
01251748? 01 246786/
0ufbq
f u
kd f www.fpbbank-myanmar.com
b@ma&;
cGifhjyKrwnfaiG&if; usyf 30 bDvsH
rwnfaiG&if; usyf 15 'or 55 bDvsH
vkyfief;rsm;
Ou| OD;pdefarmif
vdkifpif&onfh &ufpJG 1992 ckESpf? arv
25 &uf
ydkif&Sif trsm;ydkifvDrdwufukrPD

urmh&wembPf

qufoG,f&ef
Hk;csKyf 654666? ukefonfvrf;?
yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU/
zkef;/ 01682761? 01682762
0efaqmifrIrsm;
{&m0wDbPf (AYA)
Hk;cJG 60
qufoG,f&ef
vkyfief;rsm;
Hk;csKyf kH;trSwf LLL - L 72 oD&d&wemaps;? vdkifpif&onfh&ufpJG 1996 ckESpf? azazmf
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24

Mandalay
Profile

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No.

Branch

City

Nay Pyi Taw

Nay Pyi Taw, Nay Pyi Taw Division

Saing Tan

Mandalay, Mandalay Region

Yes

Kywe Se Kan

Mandalay, Mandalay Region

Yes

Diamond Plaza

Mandalay, Mandalay Region

Yes

84 Street

Mandalay, Mandalay Region

Yes

19 Street

Mandalay, Mandalay Region

Yes

12th Street

Mandalay, Mandalay Region

Meikhtila

Mandalay, Mandalay Region

Taunggyi

Taunggyi, Shan State

Yes

th
th

ATM

10

Muse

Muse, Shan State

Yes

11

Pakokku

Pakokku, Magwe Region

Yes

12

Monywa

Monywa, Sagaing Region

Yes

13

Monywa mini-branch

Monywa, Sagaing Region

14

Chin Dwin Yadanar Zay

Monywa, Sagaing Region

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25

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No.

Address

Phone

1 26 Street, between 83 and 84 streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 64935, 64938, 64937

2 30th Street, between 77th and 78th streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 74865, 74863, 74864

3 Yangon-Mandalay Road, Kywe Se Kan, Pyigyitagun

02 59013, 59032, 59047

th

rd

th

4 19 Street, between 80 and 81 streets, Aung Myay Thar San

02 30891, 30892, 30893

5 26th Street, between 64th and 65th streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 67001

6 80th Street, between 30th and 31st streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 67126

7 30th Street, between 71st and 72nd streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 67091

8 26 Street, between 84 and 85 streets, Aung Myay Thar San

02 67050

th

th

th

th

st

th

Ground floor, Diamond Plaza, between 32nd and 33rd streets and
77th and 78th streets, Chan Aye Thar San

No.

Address

02 67614

Phone

1 Corner of 28 and 78 streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 69901, 69903, 69916

2 26th Street, between 84th and 86th streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 66891, 66892, 66894

3 32nd Street, between 83rd and 84th streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 39106, 35920, 39351

4 Za - 51 25, 62nd Street, Chan Mya Tharsi

02 82191, 82192, 82193

Ground Floor, Diamond Plaza, between 32nd and 33rd streets and
5
77th and 78th streets, Chan Aye Thar San

09 402671031

th

th

No.

Address

Phone

1 80th Street, between 28th and 29th streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 23741, 30747, 30749

2 First floor, north building, Zeycho Chan, Aye Thar San

02 30019, 39354

3 Corner of 34th and 78th streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 61658, 61657, 71457

4 80th Street, between 31st and 32nd streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 30147, 31309, 34077

5 84th Street, between 42nd and 45th streets, Maha Aung Myay

02 76450, 76451, 76453

6 35th Street, between 82nd and 83rd streets, Maha Aung Myay

02 30625, 30631, 30632

Yangon-Mandalay Road (by Khin Saw Mu Petrol), Maha Aung

Myay

8 41 Street, between 86 and 87 streets, Maha Aung Myay

st

th

th

62nd Street, between Manaw Hari and Sein Pann streets, Chan
Mya Tharsi

02 72402, 72403
02 76489, 76490, 76491
02 80155, 82145, 82146

10 30 Street, between 71 and 72 streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 74821, 74831

11 28th Street, between 83rd and 84th streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 30759, 30760, 30761

12 26th Street, between 62nd and 63rd streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 66459, 73693, 74686

13 83rd Street, between 20th and 21st streets, Aung Myay Thar San

02 30703, 30704, 30705

Corner of 10th Street and Yangon-Mandalay, Pyigyitagun Road,

14
Pyigyitagun

02 59980, 59981, 55982

th

st

No.

nd

Address

Phone

1 19 Street, between 86 and 87 streets, Aung Myay Thar San

02 40846, 24833, 24836

Ground floor, Diamond Plaza, between 32nd and 33rd streets and
2
77th and 78th streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 24825, 2837

th

th

th

3 Corner of 37 and 84 streets, Maha Aung Myay

02 76601, 76602, 76603

4 12th Street, between 79th and 80th streets, Aung Myay Thar San

02 75670, 75673

th

th

Corner of 6th Street and Yangon-Mandalay Road, Pyigyitagun,

Pyigyitagun

6 26th Street, between 87th and 88th streets, Aung Myay Thar San

No.

Address

02 75670, 75673
02 24810, 24824, 24812

Phone

1 Corner of 9 Street and Yangon-Mandalay Road, Pyigyitagun

02 70748, 70746, 70749

th

2 26 Street, between 86 and 87 streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 35647, 35648, 39211

3 83rd Street, between 27th and 28th streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 31697, 39357

4 84th Street, between 39th and 40th streets, Maha Aung Myay

02 76182, 76183, 76184

5 78th Street, between 32nd and 33rd streets, Chan Aye Thar San

02 39468, 39469, 39460

th

th

th

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26

TAXES
xdyw
f ef;pD;yGm;ul;oef;tcGeaf y;aqmifol
pm&if;0ifrsm; (2012-2013)

xdyfwef; tcGefxrf;rsm;udk *kPfjyKjcif;

qk&nf0if;

1.

Myanmar Brewery Ltd.

2.

Rothmans of Pall Mall Myanmar

Pte., Ltd.

3.

Dagon Beverages Co., Ltd.

4.

International Beverages Trading

Co., Ltd.

5.

Myanmar CP Livestock Co., Ltd.

6.

City Mart Holding Co., Ltd.

7.

Premier Coffee Co., Ltd.

8.

Yathar Cho Industry Ltd.

9.

Max (Myanmar) Manufacturing Co.,

Ltd.

10.

Straits Greenfield Ltd. (Sedona Hotel

- Yangon)

11.

U Khin Maung Latt + 1

12.

Trader Yangon Co., Ltd

13.

The First Automotive Co., Ltd.

14.

Elite Tech IT Services Co., Ltd.

15.

Global Alliance Co., Ltd.

16.

Diethelm & Co., Ltd.

17.

CP Yangon Co., Ltd.

18.

Denko Trading Co., Ltd.

19.

Royal Lake Hotel Co., Ltd.

20.

U Tun Win

21.

Htar Wara Company

22.

Triple A Cement Int, Co., Ltd.

23.

Myanmar Posco Steel Co., Ltd.

24.

New Day Energy Co., Ltd.

25.

Pinya Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

mablelkchua@gmail.com

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186671
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Survey-2013

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ovdyk gyJ/ ukrP
aD wGu olw&Ydk UJ 0ifaiGxuf
avQmhNyD;jzpfjzpf? ydkNyD;jzpfjzpf ay;aqmif
vdrYk &ygbl;/ 'gu wpfenf;tm;jzifh pmar;yGJ
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500 pm&if;0ifbPfrsm; (2012-2013)

xdyw
f ef;0ifaiGceG af y;aqmifol
pm&if;0ifrsm; (2012-2013)
1.

Kanbawza Bank Ltd.

2.

Myanmar Brewery Ltd.

3.

Intl Beverages Trading Co., Ltd.

4.

Myanmar CP Livestock Co., Ltd.

5.

Shwe Taung Development Co., Ltd.

6.

Co-operative Bank Ltd.

7.

Max (Myanmar) Construction Co., Ltd.

8.

Dagon Beverages Co., Ltd.

9.

Shwe Me Co., Ltd.

10.

Asia World Co., Ltd.

11.

Diethelm & Co., Ltd.

12.

Small & Medium Industrial

Development Bank Ltd.

13.

Htoo Construction Development

Group Co., Ltd.

1.

Kanbawza Bank Ltd

14.

United Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

6.

Co-operative Bank Ltd

15.

First Private Bank Ltd.

12.

Small and Medium Industrial

Development Bank Ltd

16.

Diamond Star Co., Ltd

17.

Rural Development Bank Ltd.

15.

First Private Bank Ltd

18.

Elite Tech IT Services Co., Ltd.

17.

Rural Development Bank Ltd

19.

Yathar Cho Industry Ltd.

20.

Myanmar Apex Bank Ltd

20.

Myanmar Apex Bank Ltd.

41.

Myanmar Oriental Bank Ltd

21.

CP Yangon Co., Ltd.

47.

Yangon City Bank Ltd

22.

A1 Construction Co., Ltd.

54.

Myanmar Citizens Bank Ltd

23.

Benhur Trading Co., Ltd.

72.

Ayeyarwady Bank Ltd

24.

Asia Energy Trading Co., Ltd.

89.

Tun Foundation Bank Ltd

25.

High Tech Concrete (Technology)

Co., Ltd.

365. Asia Green Development Bank Ltd

1988
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02-Jul-12
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878
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usyf 30000 - usyf 50000
]]t&ifuawmh OD;wpfa,mufxJ a&mif; tdrif mS ;&rf;c
tdryf ikd f
wm/ 'DESpfawmh orD;yg ac:vmwmav/
OD;wdkYu vuf&Sd r*FvmawmifGefYu rD;& tdrfiSm;ae&r,fqdk&ifvnf; rudkufygbl;}}
xm;0efxrf;vdkif;cef;rSmaew,f/ tdrfv vdkY olu qdkygw,f/
crukefbl;/ tJ'DrSmaewm 15 ESpf avmuf
970
&SdNyD/ qdkifcef;iSm;NyD; a&mif;zdkY
960
950
uawmh rvG,fygbl;/
940
930
920

857
857
857
857
857
857
857
857
857
857
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
858
859
859
859
859
859
859
859
859
859
859
859
860
860
861
861
861
862
862
862
862
862
863
863
863
864
865
866
868
872
877
879
881
881
882
882
882
882
882
882
881
881
881
882
883
883
884
884
882
888
890
890
890
889
890
891
892
893
894
896
900
902
904
910

]]tpfrwdkYu qdkifcef;c ray;&bl;av/

'Dawmh a&mif;&aiGu tom;wif usew
f ,f/
pnfyifudkay;&ayr,fh 'gu odyfrrsm;bl;/
qdkifcef;iSm;wmxufawmh oufomwmyJ}}
vdkY olu qdkw,f/
olwq
Ykd ikd af v;rSm wpfaeYukd usyf 30000

Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;ay:&dS reD vufbuf&nfqdkifudkawGU&pOf/"mwfyHk atmifaX;vdIif

919
929
929
932
940
941
946
949
946
945
945
945
945
945
944
944
946
946
947
947
949
950
952
953
953
954
954
955
957
959
964
969

Adv
k af tmifausmf txufvrf; yvufazmif;
ay:rSmzGifhxm;wJh reDwdkYqdkifav;rSm eHeuf
7 em&Davmufqdk vufzuf&nfeJY xrif;
aMumf&EdkifygNyD/
vrf; 40 txufbavmufrmS aewJh reD
wdYk armifErS awGu cJtpkd wifwnfaxmif cJh
wJh vufzuf&nfqdkifudk qufvufOD;pD;
vmvdkufwm ESpf 20 cefY &SdNyDvdkY qdkygw,f/
'Dqikd af v;u Adv
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bavmufrmS zGix
hf m;wJh H;k awG? ukrP
aD wGeYJ
vrf;ab; um;a&;aq; vkyfief;awGu
0efxrf;awGudk tm;udk;NyD; a&mif;aewmjzpf
ygw,f/
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kd ;kH oGm;Ny;D wJah emuf tpfrwdYk quf
zGifhwmyg/ t&if;b,favmufeJY pw,fqdk
wm rodbl;/ tckuawmh wpfaeYudk t&if;
u yHkaowGuf vdkYr&bl;/ aumfzDrpfwdkY? EdkYqD
wd?Yk vufzufajcmufwu
Ykd eHeufvmcsw,f/
nae qdik o
f rd ;f csed u
f srS a&mif;ukeo
f avmuf
&Sif;&wm}}vdkY reDu ajymygw,f/
vrf;ab;aps;onfawG[m qdkifcef;iSm;
&rf;NyD; aps;a&mif;wJholawGavmuf tjrwf
rrsm;bl;vdkY ,lq&ayr,fh olwdkYu aps;
a&mif;&if; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm &yfwnfEdkifMu
ygw,f/ qdkifcef;iSm;zGifhwJh olawGus 10 OD;
rSm ckepfOD;avmufu ay;&wJhqdkifcef;ceJY
tjrwf rumrdwmaMumifh qdik yf w
d Nf y;D tjcm;
pD;yGm;a&; ajymif;vkyfMuwmrsm;w,f/

910
900
890
880
870

27-Dec-12
28-Dec-12
31-Dec-12
01-Jan-13
02-Jan-13
03-Jan-13
07-Jan-13
08-Jan-13
09-Jan-13
10-Jan-13
11-Jan-13
14-Jan-13
15-Jan-13
16-Jan-13
17-Jan-13
18-Jan-13
21-Jan-13
22-Jan-13
23-Jan-13
24-Jan-13
25-Jan-13
28-Jan-13
29-Jan-13
30-Jan-13
31-Jan-13
01-Feb-13
04-Feb-13
05-Feb-13
06-Feb-13
07-Feb-13
08-Feb-13
11-Feb-13
13-Feb-13
14-Feb-13
15-Feb-13
18-Feb-13
19-Feb-13
20-Feb-13
21-Feb-13
22-Feb-13
25-Feb-13
26-Feb-13
27-Feb-13
28-Feb-13
01-Mar-13
04-Mar-13
05-Mar-13
06-Mar-13
07-Mar-13
08-Mar-13
11-Mar-13
12-Mar-13
13-Mar-13
14-Mar-13
15-Mar-13
18-Mar-13
19-Mar-13
20-Mar-13
21-Mar-13
22-Mar-13
25-Mar-13
28-Mar-13
29-Mar-13
01-Apr-13
02-Apr-13
03-Apr-13
04-Apr-13
05-Apr-13
08-Apr-13
09-Apr-13
10-Apr-13
11-Apr-13
22-Apr-13
23-Apr-13
24-Apr-13
25-Apr-13
26-Apr-13
29-Apr-13
30-Apr-13
02-May-13
03-May-13
06-May-13
07-May-13
08-May-13
09-May-13
10-May-13
13-May-13
14-May-13
15-May-13
16-May-13
17-May-13
20-May-13
21-May-13
22-May-13
23-May-13
27-May-13
28-May-13
29-May-13
30-May-13
31-May-13
03-Jun-13
04-Jun-13
05-Jun-13
06-Jun-13
07-Jun-13
10-Jun-13
11-Jun-13
12-Jun-13
13-Jun-13
14-Jun-13
17-Jun-13
18-Jun-13
19-Jun-13
20-Jun-13
21-Jun-13
24-Jun-13
25-Jun-13
26-Jun-13
27-Jun-13
28-Jun-13

860
850

2005

2006

Ed0k ifbm NrdKUawmfudk &efukefrS aejynf ZGef 3 &uf - A[dkbPf aejynfawmfodkY

awmfodkYajymif;a&TU/
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kd m - tufzfatwDtufzfrS
jrefrmEdkifiHudk ]yl;aygif;yg0ifrIr&Sdaom
EdkifiH} pm&if;rS xkwfy,f/

2007
Mo*kwf 15 &uf a&T0ga&mifawmfveS af &;
pwif/ EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;
ESizhf UHG NzKd ;a&;aumifprD aS vmifpmaxmufyhH
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rsm;? wuf<uvIyf&Sm;olrsm;ESifh jynfol
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jypfwifIwfcsjcif;cHcJh&/ Oa&myor*
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jrefrmhtmrcHvkyfief;
ordkif; (19522018)
1964-rwdkifrD
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1952
bm;rm;ae&Sife,f tmrcH ukrPDudk
jynfolydkifodrf;NyD; EdkifiHydkif jynfaxmifpk
tmrcHbkwftzJGYudk zJGYpnf;/

1959
touftmrcHvkyfief; tm;vHk;udk jynf
axmifpktmrcH bkwftzJGUvufatmuf
odkY oGwfoGif;/

1964
qdk&S,fvpftpdk;&u yk*vdutmrcH
ukrPDrsm;udk zsufodrf;/

1969-1976
tmrcHvyk if ef;tm;vH;k udk A[dkOD;pD;pepf
jzifh csKyfudkifcJh/

1975
jrefrmhtmrcHvyk if ef; (trftikd )f udk topf
zJGYpnf;NyD; bPfvkyfief;rsm; vkyfydkif
cGifhjyK/

1993
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udk vkyfydkifcGifhay;/

1996
tmrcHvkyfief; BuD;Muyfa&;bkwftzJGU
(tdkifbDtufpfbD) u vkyfief;vdkifpif
avQmufxm;rIudk pdppfqHk; jzwf&efESifh
rwnfaiGESifh &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI uefYowf
csufrsm;udk qHk;jzwfcGifh&&Sd/

2013
vlOD;a&&JU okn 'or 5 &mcdkifEIef;
u tmrcHxm;&Sv
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u
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usef;rma&; tmrcHrygao;/
EdkifiHjcm;tmrcHukrPD udk,fpm;
vS,f ;kH jrefrmEdik if H zGihf (t"dutm;jzifh
*syefukrPD)/

2015
EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHolrsm;udk tmrcH
aps;uGuo
f Ykd 0ifa&muf cGijhfyKrnfh vuPm
rsm;awGU&/

2018
tar&dueftmrcHukrPD rdvdkufzfu
jrefrmhtmrcH aps;uGuf touf
tmrcHaMu;rSm tar&duefa':vm 1
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atmufwb
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jrefrmEdik if &H UJ aiGaMu;ordik ;f (1861 rS 2015)

35
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pmrsuEf mS 36 odYk

jrefrmEdik if &H UJ aiGaMu;ordik ;f (1861 rS 2015)

36

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stuart.becker@gmail.com

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2010

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2008

2007

2006

2005

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2014
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