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p:'is, ,\ C,:l or~:'"i7.:1ci,'" es :1 10 que dcnunnnnmos org:llli7.:1c;cill .1<;1 espucio, ,Ic acucr
rlu con 1o CI"C ,Ied:.. nos all'rillcir;o; l'cro cs imporraurc dI'Sl;1GH 'I"C CS;, nrJ;:lIl;z.,cioll'
cs diu.imic, e~r:i en coutinua eVIlI"cicIII y rcspondc a 1111 cCjllilil'fio 'I lie SC 111I1di(ic;1 CU"
,illn:lIl1t'lIl<' c"Ire b ;lIcrci;1 ,Ic I" 'I"C ~C he.-ccl:1 ,lell':ls;"I" )' I:ls prcv;si<>ncs ,Ic (1I1nrll,
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,1..1 Terrilclrin. que rcspnnelc ;, lIt';1 :lccibn de "1:Jllcalll;c,,w )' que ;1siS,It. usns ;1 Ins SlIC
IllS ,Ie :,cIII'r,l" r"" cl orclcn rnciounl uuc S,' prctcmlc. L:ls lkcisinnl"s de iiI Orll,'n;ld(1II
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I'lclllc"l:uios dc 1:1 "clivi.J:ld "l~,kola. como las cras 0 los sIIdos .kdiG"lns" 1:1

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lIsn ,Ie csp:trcil1licl1tll til b 11:lI"f;1lcz;1. SOil los SlIeI"S ,ledic:,,'os " l,,,,'ci,,ncs ,I. ,s'llIi.

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fCSlril1l:icl\lln olros, A <'Sf" OICJ~nrb I'ClI<:ncrcl1 los p;1rrl\lCS n;.ciollalrs y los c:s!,ados
lI:1tllr;'llcs J1rolq~illos. :1110C'l"C I'll dlos h"y llSOS ,Ie I';1Slil:r1 y ("rcsla!c-s COI"Iic;'III:1(IIIS,
i"rI"so "lglll1", IISIIS :Igricllbs. "cro I:"n"i,:,. h"y src,"rn CU)'II "SO ':Sl.l ,!'Scn';,do a I:Is
t:spn,:il'~ ~irvt.~h'~1 \Tg"... aks 11 ill1iltl.,ks.

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clllnic"n SillO l'1I si llIi"",", CIIIlIO /:11 sIIdo, )' I'OIlS;Sle I'll cClllvcrrirlo tn '.111;1 IIll'rc:ll1e:fa

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11111)' c1ircrc"Ics dc 1m prc"islos, I'"r clio. 1",,,hiclI 5C ,lchcn \,,,Ior;1r cle mOllo cnid,l<llI
so los Ctr;1Clcrcs elc (;,,1:, calq;mi:l y lipo ,Ic uso )' cI confClClo
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ECjfl;p;,Illicnlos t' serv;cios, En (~le lIS11 ,Iblin/:"i",,,s IllS ':'I',ip;llnicII,n,. 'I Ill' s'"' ,Ic
Iihrc ~ccrm ~11',ihlico y ,Iol:'cioncs 1''',:1 '"' :ir<:., ,Ic I., ci".I:"I, n,nll' C'S 1111,1 hihli"IC'::l
t1 UII 11"li""I'"(II\'O; ('n (,:a,nl,iu, t:un"itr.- . ,,,'U1fJS t:O,"O .';'l'.-\i."ill'. In~, 'lIlt" ,inu'I' ;1('\"('sn

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E" de(l(l, ;II,lc-p<:llllit'fIICI1lCllh" ,Ie ~II ,1l"ccs;cl:llll'"r:l 'Ill 1150 (nllCrCI", d Slid" 11IIe
,Ie sc'r I'rll,llIci.lo ":11:1 esc 1150 IIIccli:1nlC IIccisi'lI1CS clc pl;1l1e"",iclllo y ope,;1ciol1cs de
I'rll'/lled,ill ,Ic Slid" eonlCl cs b 1Ir1':I',;z;1cioll, ;1'111 CI,,,,,clo ;11 proclllcirill CClIllCl "'l'(
C:lnd" p,,,,, 1111 IISO sc CSlc pcrilicn,lo 511 valor PM:! "Iro li"o de "SO, Es In C1"C ncurrc
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1\1 S('l cOII~i(lcr:"I" COllin "'el\','"I';" ~I Slldn ;"Ilplirrc 'III valor cle "'crc;I,I" '1"1' lie
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c'le, III' c:oII/licl'" Clltre 10,\ "sos ,lei "'1,1" y "I v:rlnr ,!c IIlerC:l clll 'IIIC a(et-I;, .Ie 1l10,J(I
illll''''''"",e a "I,:,,"os "'''5 )' c:s 111111 ,Ie los IIIrell1is",,,s m:is illlllllll;lII1C. ,k I" clil1';l1Ii
Cl elc I" fIIJ:all;l."ci'II' ,kl "'I':c~ill, 1,111'0 ~'II c1l1lc,lio rllr,,1 (omn CII eI 111,,",", ;I'"I'I"C
,Ie IIlOcI" C'l'cc:i"IIlICII'C illlclIS" <:11 cs'e ,iltill"', I'cro ell C:1,"hi" '" OnlclI,tci,i" clellerri
I",io licliC "'")' P"C~S p"sihilic/:"ks elc "clII," 5"hre cl, Es e1"ro"'CII1:l del ""I"r illlllll

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de Ins ci"d:lllcs, CII" ('''':lIcllcia, CII dCI<:,,,,illadas si"':l .. ioncs, '" 1':I"i.b "ds i'''I''''I''''
IC de "":'I C"'I"CS:'I cs cl valor ell VCIII;I ,ld ,,,do '1"C nc"I'''' 1''''0 I"Illl.ie" ocurrc '1" C ""
suclo "g,kllin pile, lc est a prmlllcic'III11 1ll,"II'S COli '" cos<:cha que S<: ohtirlle l'O cl ""e
10 'I"cl',o,llIciri" SII \'CIII" ClUIl" ",clc",li.' l' r 1 i"tncs ;"",,,1 rid rliono ohlclli,lo. ""'.11'
I.IIUlI'I1I" C'~IIr~ v.ln, d," "",11 ado .1..1 !'du,ln "'f',nifi, ,I tll1 ~.I"(l plnl.I ..."., p.".1 b in',I.".h i,'ul

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';1 (lei sueln Vt.t~Cl;t1. E~IC stH:lu 1('~tlh,1 de 1"If:O!. I'lfH.l"~.O. tic d.,l.nr.h'i,'tf1. que \'.111 ,k,,
de In "hc':'Icinll elc '" rocI 1Il",I", " Ia rli,l'c, si,'1ll rid I.1I1llIlS, p;lsa\III" 1'''' '" inco'l'n,,,
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nil,1Iion dd "",do y 'us m,nil.,Iacion,s: dislribuci6n de "'0' d..1 10.. 10Y palsajt, Tolo ello '.sulla d. un
,isl'IlIa ("mplejo ell un "erm,nenle esl,do de eqnilibrio enlre las htreodas del pasad' y las p,evisio'les dt
1"""0. [q"ilib,in en QU" una su".,csl,,,(I,,,a. lundall1,... UlnlCnl...1 sistema e<on6mico, st aslenla en unu
"(II"hlla. lerritorialcs Que, a SIl vel, .es"onden a I, h.u .. p,opo,cionada po,.1 liev. Iados esos tltmtn
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cOlllliciollCS CII que sc hn IIlo.lllci.lo '" (onll"ci.lll. I'rrse"I" 11\:'1)"" 0 ""'",,r l"i'p,c/.;, '1" C
SC 'r",I,,(e en ""a "'''yor 0 mcuor C:'I';":i",,,ll'l"otl"Cli,,,, 1'''1';1 los l'I,ltil'os.
1'1 suclo vq:cI;,1 cs , pucs, IlI1 rccurso li",i""lo 1'01"'1'.1\' su ,q;,'ne,,,ci,',,, r"'1"i..,- .. bq;o
ricmnn I' el dcsarroll ,I.: ,"':'I eohCller;, 'q:el"l. No "hs!;,nl". rl s"elo " ....a c"lIi"o.
con '''I ,lrlcrmi"a,lo gra.lo ,Ie c"p"cidarll'rlllillcli,;,. I'".. ,!r: res"It", til' '" I'r"I';" aCli
,.j.l,,,1 allricoln. "nc ,"i",le ""o,,os ~. Ol'OS 1''''''''lIOS. i\si h;,)' ,lidos sohr<: 'Ill ,,,I,,u,,

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1'''1''' l"iV"Iil:'lr 1111 p;,is;tje 0 Ill1 "lllhicIIIc

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""1'''"'''' ,I " " '-"'"l'l.-in Si'I,""" ric i"I"":'I("cio"I'S, si.. nrprc di(i.-il,11' "I',c1H'IIt1cr, prcc]
',.lI'"II'. 1'''' SI' ".",,,l.-ji.I.,,1. 1',,1' 1'110 r('(llI .. i,<:mll~ t:S c si,I""'" " 'Ill III ,,1,.10 'IIII' "~I"l"

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"" I''J"ilihri" .I;,dlll;co entre \;l :'I,hpl:l ..i,'II' ,It- 10 "eH,.btl" y las prcvisioucsdc futuro.
LI org;",i:r.:,.-i,lll tI..1csp"ei" suclr c xpresnrsc ell U":I .II'Ierlnin:llr... pnura tic tlistrihlldOIl
tic los elementos visihles lids sigllific:1livos que sc rcpirc tie Iormn regular en ulia mis
11'-' ,;,(,,, , C"III;'IrC:'I " region, p"r:'l cnmpoucr 1111:'1 i,,'al:clI :'I I" que rleuorrinnmos I"IiJtljc.
1.:'1 tlistrihllCi'lIl de IISOS (lei suclo que cxprcsu I" "q:a"b:"cion tiel c!,p:'lcio en UII 3re;1

0 1111 c"l.-gio, 0 ,ll'rccio ",. 1.1 "ivi,'",I., ..II .:1"<:1111"0

'" :'Iml'Jiaeio" .Ie lll.a Uhric", pc,o, sohl"" I"do, se "',",' tid sll<:lo 'J''': se li<:nc .'n p'''
pinla.1 (01ll0 n'1:1 r"Sfl"" r,,,nomic,, l' '1"<: plink "(",,dns(" 1'."'" I<:;,Ii/'" III' ".-.i ... ,. 1'."
511 ,,'otilleei'i" (OIllO Illc":a,,d;, r:I Slid .. 1'"(".1<: Sl'r '"' "'C'" so I'll ...1.1' i.',,, COl' I" ,."Ii
.1a,lp"is"jislic:'l n amhicnl:'ll. E" rcali.l,,,,, l'II I'SIOS casos, cI Slid" slilo r:s eI a '1:"",,111 "

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Dl' ;In'I~HI() (1111 esc l:rHil;o. I" O..,;,I";',/C;"", eld ,'~p,,(ill, I'll I'" .irr. eI(II:","i",,,1;1 sc
(\II1(I"I1ICllla ell 1111" !.ase ;II(r;leslrllcl" r"I. 'IIIl' corr(spolll": ;11 relieve. ,.:1 .... /icl'c 1'1'0'
porcloun I~ tcxrura del esp:tcio, l:t 11':1\11,1 que 10 haec 111;15 ':lll1lplcjo, /II;h COIIII':.rlj.
lI1enl:l,lo 0 mds sil1lple V 1IOIII0gellco, !'elo, adem.is, i'",rullllcc <:olHlidoncs l'sl'cd(icas
l'ar;1 I" ,listrihllC;OIl ,Ic USIIS del suclo ell flllld"111 .Ie ", pel"lil'IIle r 'I\'.:c,i";licl,,,I.le eael;1
p:lrle, 1:,1 relieve csl;i Id.ICi;lIIaclo c.:Oll los III;lIn;;,les 'Ill!' compnncu 1;, h.isc gcul,igic.:;1 y
CUll '" ,cll hi,lllll;d(ica,
So",e I;. i"fraesI,,,cI,,,a SI: :I,~iC"lall I,I~; l'"III'(lIIlaS Il'rrilfl,;;.ks. :I las 'I"I' Sl: dehe 1.1
aniclliadoll lid cspacio, ESI:1S eSI,"c.:I"r;ls SOli b red de "51'11("11/;('1'(05, 'I"C P'"l'o'ci,,
nn los nodos par;, '" arriculnciou: 1;1 wrl de annunicocionr, lI"C elll,lI:1 II/illS II",los c.:OIl
011'''5, Amhas !'lIellen IIHlIli(eSI;Hse ell ,li'lillIO~ lIil'e,,"s ell' cscula , .ldillicII<lo urr icula
cioucs o difcrcnrc nivel, como cs cI cnso de b red de "Ielc:ls )' b ,1,,1 III'h;1IIa I" red de
call1inus l"l';lln r 1:1 ,cli de c:lrrelt:ras pl"o\'illc.:i,,1 II;I<:i'I1I:11. I L1r. a.kllds, 0"'''5 1105
c~Iru(f"ms. 'llle ,cp,esc"I,," de hccho ,IllS I'elsiones riel IlIi,,,,,, 'I~PCl'I": L, cs(nICI"r"
1I,"'a/,,,.i,,)' b 1'$(I'"a""(1 "'/",il/is(,."(;,,,, ,/"/ (cni(",.i". 0 CSlrlll'lll"" Plllililll-II:,.,.il"';~1.
Ilc.:p,nelll'''' 11";,,..""5 slIh'e las '1l1e a(l,i,l III;" "li~'"a l':11':ll'id,..1 dc ,"'c:i~i"III r. 1'0'
1;11110 ,e lISall l' se lI1odc!;1I1 CIIII crilcrills 1If'"If'I;CIICIlS,
I.~ m,:;lIli7,al'i,;1I IleI CSp;lei" "cpcII,le. '"!c:II";S. ,Ie IInas eOIl.lic:iollcs al1l";C:'III;1l<-s, qllC
:1 I':I\'':S ,Id dilll;1 )' ,Ie la I'i,'" 11:11111';11 (;1\'01'1'(11 0 .lifiC:'III1;111 !.,~ IIp.:itlll''~ c:'11 d "'" .leI
Slid" 0 en la Uril'IIl:ldim ,Ie las aClivid",ln /,1",I""il':1s,
Las accioncs qllc eont/lleell :I Ia ('1'f:;IIIil.a.:i,;n lklt'Sp;ll:;" se ,.c"lil.;ln 'I /,:lni, lie
IIn:l v"loraeion '111C licllc cn Cllellia lallio 1;15 pl'l~"isi'l1Ics de (1111"0 "'''Ill tiS lem!cll'
ci:ls )' clCIIICIIIOS Ilc'cII;lIlos lId \,as:III", I ,:IS Ih:c:i,si'llIcS qlle ;1 (e":lall a los IISIlS elel slIdo,
al sigllifi.::ul" y p"pel ,!c cad:, pme;,," y delllelllos ,ldl'Sp,,(ill, se lOlli'''' c:'11 hlll'l'" 1I11"li
d" <:onsiller:IIHI" "'S "pl:io"c,~ lI1:is (avllrahles ell rcbli,;" (011 bs eSIIl','1,l1i":I' .k (11111'
1'0 YclIlIsi.ler:1/IlI11 la \,osi"ilj";111 de :llIaI'I"doll " i"II'I:'''ci,',,, c" cll:ls ,Ie I.. s elcll1enlos
l.e..."!.,,I.. s, Ell 1'11,111111 :1 IllS c1CII1CllIos lu:rl'll:"los, lII;is "IU .1.: I.. s (l'IIlilll1'1I0S ,Ie pll':1
inl'l'c:i;l, 1,1 I'IlcSli,'lI1 es si \'lIc.lell illlcgnHsl' ell bs lelllkllc.:ias hac.:;'1 eI (111111'0 .. 110 pllnlcll
1.:l(cd", I'll !'SIc' ,"" se .Ies;"I:lI'I:l1I y a(;I";'" ,1"S'lp:1I'T;.'nd",
ES:I ,li"lrelio ls h;isic.:a l'1I I" '"[;all;',:1(;"'" ,lcll'sp:II'i" l' ell I" eli~11 i""I''''111 .Ie "'lIS
<lei SlIeI" y I'S Ile,'l's;rriu c0l1si,IC':lr!:1 CI, I".Ias las ,ledsi"lles, ,!c~,le I"s lII;is !'kllll'III:1ks
a las I11:iS COll1pll'j"s, /,C'O t:lIl1l.iell CII la c.:xplic.:aci,ill del rllll';;"'.:III1;l'lII0 0 I'"si"iliel:llks

"e """ III "ie , pl'Cll'",:sl;1.


Ell (;1', 1;'11110 1,,5 ,'SI,"elll':lS Cl11ll0 bs p",i"ili,I,,,"'s qlle ;I"'en IllS ':t1I1.li,'joll,llIll'S II
I., ,li:1lcl'lic:1 l'III'C ell':lS:1t1 .. Y cI (lilliI'll Sl' oq:,",il'''' I'll f""ri,'", de dl'lllC:1110S ~"I'c,es'
I,"elll,,,lcs, ClIl'e Ins 'I'IC tlesl:lca COli 1111 /,;",,:1 tlec.:;si\'l' l'I ,;sI':III:1 ec.:nll'"";c.:CI, Pe,CI 1,,,",
I,;ell snll illl('orl:tlllr:s, cSI'('l,jalmCI"(: l'" 10,1'1,11;.,,, ," IIIl'11io, I."
ni'l'IiCl~ )' v,lln,
r~;, Ik rslCls :1~p' ...los 11l'\lC'lICll'II cllcsdolll'S ... 111111'" nrg,IlI;I.:lIi,'lll ell' I" ;llli,i.l,.. I"""dlll";",1
y los IHl,hlclII;ls 'I"e Sl' II: ;Isoc.:bl1. pe'CI 1~lIl1hi':II I,,, 'IClilt"lc~ dc I.. ('"I,bl;"'" ,lIl1e nus

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I\~i /,1Il'S, eI (111111" III a IIIi,'11 ICI espad,,' (Ie !os ,II~IIS ,Id, suulo ,,:iellc ~'r.:Cl1,pill;\(Io, l",1
I',imn IIII~;I'. I"ll la (Iin:imir;'l tiel siSICllla en que 51' ronlbmcnt:l 1:1 orC:l,~i7,:,cion tiel espn
cio, )'l'SP;lI;i;lll11cI1IC "n, cl equilibrio CII COIISI'1I1Iclno"imil'nlnl r"I,rc cI p3s~Jo y c\ (111\1'
ro. l'er sohre csros aspectos tic cadcler gln":lI, haynna scrie l e condiclonenres F" dera
rrl3fi,oll~S
il,: ,,:Ira e,1d.. li"o tic mo (iel suclo que cxplicau 511 siiU:lci611 en el rs"a~ici y
(1111 cI rcstu lie IllS IISIIS .rei SlIcI",
1',IIue dl.ls ,ICSI;Il':11I las coudicioncs 1':c.:llic'ls lleillso el~' c\lcsli.(in. Ell d C,ISO de los
lIS"S l"O,I"lliv,,~. ';lS condiciones que rcquicrc Ia 1"IC5I:1 en prolIIlCci(in: proccsos indus
l,i,.ll's, necesid.ulcs lie nlmnccnajc, tic 1r:lIlSpflrlC, de cdificios y rclucioncs entre CSWS 0
las m'I'I"ill;H que :1111;:111. de di~ponihil;,lacl de ;'I1:"a, tic mnno de obra, condiciones espc
c.:i(ic;ls <lei sobr 0 I':lred:l "c.:llpad,1, Son courlicioncs 'I"e vari:ln SCI;lill cI lipo de cIII,i
VII 0 (orma de c"pl"Iaci"1I I::lII;'I,ler:l y, cspecinlmcntc, scgrin c1lipo de i"dllstri:l.
1'.11 'eb(;';11 COil las c.:oll.lic.:iolles ICCl1ic:lS esl:in las eOlllliciolles ccollol11ic:ls, qlle se
,diel"ell a Lc <':11':1.:;.1,,,1 1';'1 ,a ill1110l'ili,,:H (;ll'il'll ell slIdo, :I la I"ler:l"d3 :I delc,mill".ros
COSll'S asoc.:i,,,lo~ a I~ prollllcciilll (I .. I SIIdo CI1 ellcslion y lamhic,; :I 1.,5 cOllllidones lie
mallo lit- oh,a,
'1'",1" cll" Sl' 'llal'i"":1 'I, ,<II ""I. Clll1 1.15 (o"didones lie silll:ld'"1I\, rcleri":ls :I 1:15 e~i
gel1das .Ie 1".:aliz:Ki"'1l jlllllO :I clele,,,,ill:Il';1S iIlSI:lbc.:iulles, p"CSlns, cSlacioncs, 0 en
cll'lenllinacllls 1111:""':<, elnl'b"alnienlll en d (1'111'0 dc la c.:in"ad 11 en I:t perireri".
I.os osos rnidl'l1ci:lles e5l;;n la",hicII "fen;"los po, eSlas eOllllicil1nes, I:lnln el1 los
:lsl'e(los Icen;':115. rcfcrilll1S ;1 las exil;ellcias de I" C01151111Cci6n, como en 105 aspcClos
ec.:l1l1i,,,,iCll~, p'eeill de b viviclIlb, 11 las ,Ie si"'acion. Y, con los nl31icrs adcc\l3Jos l:t
Cl1esli(;n, se ,,!:mlc,1 i'~I1"',,,ellle pM:I e1l1so illslilllcioll:ll 0 coleclivo dc! snclo.

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LIS lilllilad.. Ill'S cll" l,p,.d" impicll'lI a".. nLcr eSl:l cllesli,'l\I ron..t c1clcllilnielllo qne rxi
I:e, cOl'~Ii,;" l'n)'n clcS:lrrnllo il11l'lit'uia ,dlllllbr :ls\,celos <lc 1:1 metllllologfa
1'1:1
lIe,lIl1i,'''IO "lie ,In''''''':111 bs 1'0~il,il;.Iacll'S ,It- eslc le"Io, "~j I'"es eHllle,"alellltlS csl':
:lS/,!'l'llI .It- (o'lI1a IIl1lr slIcinL..
lin pri'llc, :I~I'I'l'l1l :1 consicle,a; es cllip(l cle illlervcnciilll, Cie,l:llilChlc I,IS 1150S tiel
Slwln l'S "" aSI'l""'" h;isl.:o ell (lIal,,"ie, illlel\'l'l1d,'," sohrc dlcrriwrill, llc hecho tis
aC(;III1l'S ,II' o"I,'n'lci,'m se o,ielllall "l'eCi,,,ml'n'e :l1I"len:l' y ,egllla, los IIS0S <leI slIdl1l
1'01' elln es illCIt,,'ihlc:: ,,"'"1e'lIlos, sca cllal se:l 1:1 .. peraei,'", 'I"C se rl':lli7.:I, l)cjancl" al
1I1:III;C" los eS1I"lills el e rcc.:unllc.:i,"iclllO l' 011'05 Irah:l;l1s, cllyo O";CIO ClI cI di:ll:",isliCl1
o .'( "'"1OI'il11i"1I10 (Ir 1;1 IIq:anitacil;1I tid ('sl'"do Y (I"C sc linlil;'" :t ,,1;1l1l1'ar :t1f:IIII;lS

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~1I,;e,ell(i;l~ 1';Il:l b illll'l'vcnc.:i,;n, 11'1:$ lipo~ tic i'llcr"ClldClI\C5 "csl~r:~n ell In ordl'n;ld"I~'
tic IISCIS ,lei slIdu, Sl' 1':11;\ ,Ie 1.1 (llllell:lli,'", 11,1.:111:1 ell SIIS <IiSlilll;ls rihlll3S tic ,,1'1I1t'1l
mie"'CI. lk b Ortlell;l(i(1II Hllral,,," la ""l' e,s nCl'Cs"riCl illduir lalllO o"aaciClllcs tic con

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