1

B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP. H CH MINH
KHOA C S
B MN N MN KIM LOI

TIU LUN
2
Chng 1: Tng quan v n mn v bo v
kim loi
Chng 2: Nguyn liu sn xut tn
Chng 3: Bo v tn khi b n mn bng
phng php sn
Chng 4: Bo v tn bng phng php
m km
Chng 5: Mt s hnh nh ca tn m km
3
1.1 Khi nim v s n mn kim loi.
S ph hy kim loi hoc hp kim do tc
dng ha hc hoc in ha ca kim loi vi
mi trng xung quanh gi l s n mn kim
loi.
Kt qu l kim loi s b oxi ha thnh cc
ion dng v s mt i nhng tnh cht qu
bu ca kim loi.
M ne = M
n+

4
1.2 Phn loi cc qu trnh n mn kim loi.
Phn loi cc qu trnh n mn kim loi, ngi
ta c th phn loi n mn theo nhiu cch khc
nhau. C ngi phn loi n mn nhit cao
v nhit thp, c ngi phn loi n mn
kh v n mn t. Trong bi tiu lun ny,
chng ti phn loi n mn theo c ch phn
ng v s n mn kim loi c chia lm hai
loi chnh:

5
a. n mn ha hc.
n mn ha hc l s ph hy kim loi do
kim loi phn ng ha hc vi cht kh hoc
hi nc nhit cao.
c im ca n mn ha hc l khng pht
sinh dng in (khng c cc in cc) v
nhit cng cao th tc n mn cng
nhanh.


6
S n mn ha hc thng xy ra cc thit
b ca l t, cc chi tit ca ng c t
trong hoc cc thit b tip xc vi hi nc
nhit cao.
Kim loi c nung nhit cao trong mi
trng cha cht xm thc nh : S
2
, O
2
, Cl
2
.
,.vivo
Me + O
2
Mo
Trong Me l Kim loi
7
V d:


Bn cht ca n mn ha hc l qu trnh oxi ha kh,
trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn trc
tip sang mi trng tc dng.
b. n mn in ha.
n mn in ha l s ph hy kim loi do hp kim
tip xc vi dung dch cht in li to nn dng in.
V d: phn v tu bin chm trong nc, ng dn t

2 3 2
0
2
6 2 6 4 H O Fe O H Fe
t

3
0
2
2 3 2 Cl Fe Cl Fe
t

8
trong lng t, kim loi tip xc vi khng kh m...
Do vy, n mn in ha l loi n mn kim loi ph
bin v nghim Trong nht
Cc iu kin n mn in ha.
- Cc in cc phi khc cht nhau: c th l cp kim
loi khc nhau, cp kim loi - phi kim (C), cp kim
loi - hp cht ha hc ( xmentit Fe3C ). Trong
kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn s l cc m. Nh vy
kim loi nguyn cht kh b n mn.
- Cc in cc phi tip xc vi nhau ( hoc trc tip
hoc gin tip qua dy dn ).

9
- Cc in cc cng tip xc vi mt dung dch in li.
C ch n mn in ha.
S n mn in ha ca kim loi gm 3 qu trnh c
bn :
- Qu trnh Anot :
qu trnh Anot l qu trnh oxi ha in ha, trong
kim loi chuyn vo dung dch di dng cation Me
z+

v gii phng in t : kim loi b n mn
Me Me
z+
+ z.e

10

- Qu trnh Catot:
qu trnh catot l qa trnh kh in ha, trong cht oxi
ha nhn in t do kim loi b n mn nhng cho in t
Ox + z.e Red
Red: dng kh lien hp ca Ox ( tc Ox.ze )
- Qu trnh dn in :
Cc in t do cc kim loi b n mn gii phng s i t
Anot n catot, cn cc ion di chuyn trong dung dch.
Nh vy, qu trnh n mn kim loi xy ra ng thi vi s
xut hin dng in gia hai cc khc nhau ca kim loi.
















11


Vng kim loi b ha tan ng vai tr cc dng ( + )
Anot, vng kia ng vai tr cc m ( -) catot.
Ta c th tm tt qu trnh trn bng s sau (ly s n
mn ca Zn trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
lm v d)

2 e Zn. 2e
2+
2 e Zn. 2e
2+
Zn nH O
2+
2
2 H + 2 e 2 H SO
+
Hap phu 4
H
+
2-
12
1.3 Tc n mn kim loi:
Tc n mn c th o bng cc i lng sau :
Tn tht trng lng:
Tn tht trng lng l trng lng kim loi b n mn
trn n v b mt trong n v thi gian :



m
1
, m
2
l trng lng mu kim loi trc v sau khi b n
mn ( mg )
S : din tch b mt kim loi ( dm
2
)
t S
m m
P
.
2 1

13
t: thi gian (s)
thm nhp P : Tnh bng chiu su trung bnh kim
loi b n mn trong mt nm.



Trong , G : lng vt liu b n mn (g/m
2
.h)
: khi lng ring ca kim loi (kg / m
3
)

G
P 76 . 8
14
1.4. Nhng nhn t nh hng n s n mn.
nh hng ca bn cht kim loi.
Tnh chng n mn kim loi lin quan n in th tiu
chun, hot ha hc ca kim loi. in th tiu chun
ca kim loi cng m th hot ha hc cng cao, kim
loi cng d b n mn. Tuy nhin c nhng kim loi
(nh Crom, Niken), in th tiu chun m, hot ha
hc cao nhng tnh bn n mn tt. l do trn b mt
hnh thnh lp mng oxi ha kn, rt mng, c th bo v
kim loi khi s n mn. Nh vy gi l s th ng
ha kim loi.


15
Tnh chng g ca kim loi cn lin quan n hm
lng tp cht v bng ca n. Tp cht ca kim
loi cng nhiu tnh chng g ca n cng km.
bng kim loi cng cao, tnh chng g cng tt.
nh hng ca nhit .
Nhit nh hng rt ln ti s n mn. Nhit
cng cao, hot ha hc ca kim loi v dung dch
tng, do lm tng s n mn.
16
nh hng ca mi trng n mn.
Tnh chng g ca nguyn liu c quan h trc tip
ti mi trng n mn. Trong nhng mi trng khc
nhau, tnh n nh ca kim loi cng khc nhau.
V d: Vng n nh trong nhiu dung dch nhng b n
mn trong nc cng toan.



17
1.5. Cc phng php bo v kim loi khi s n
mn.
a. Cch li kim loi vi mi trng.
Dng nhng cht bn vng vi mi trng ph
ngoi mt nhng vt bng kim loi. Nhng cht ph
ngoi thng dng l:
- Cc loi sn chng g, vecni, du m, men, hp cht
polime...
- Mt s kim loi nh Crom, niken, ng, km,
thic....( phng php trng hoc m in ).


18
- Mt s hp cht ha hc bn vng nh oxit kim
loi, photphat kim loi ( phng php to mng ).
b. Dng hp kim chng g ( hp kim inc ).
Ch to nhng hp ki khng g nh Fe - Cr - Ni
trong mi trng khng kh, mi trng ha cht.

19
c. Dng cht chng n mn.
Thm mt lng nh cht chng n mn vo dung
dch axit c th lm gim tc n mn kim loi
xung hng trm ln.
d. Dng phng php in ha.
Ngi ta ni kim loi ny vi kim loi khc c tnh
kh mnh hn

20
2.1. Khi qut v vt liu.
-Cu to:
Tn l hp kim ca st ( Fe ) v cacbon ( C ) trong
hm lng cacbon <6.62% v nhiu nguyn t ha hc
khc, l cc tp cht thng c nh: Mn, Si, P,S,..
Tn c sn xut dng tm mng, nh vi dy t
0.1-0.5 mm, chiu rng 1-2 m, chiu di 4 -10m, v
khi lng t 1.1- 4.82 kg/m
2
.
Tn c dung che chn hoc ch yu l dng lp
nh, nh xng cng ty

21
2.2. Tc nhn gy n mn:
Tn l vt liu tip xc trc tip vi mi trng xung
quanh nn chu ng hng ca nhng nhn t sau:
- Nhit
- nh sng
- Gi, bi, sng
- Ma
Trong nc ma l c cc kh CO
2
, NO
2
, SO
2
, O
2
cc
kh ny do mi trng b nhim, sm chp to thnh.
Chnh v vy lm cho nc ma c tnh axit nh vi
PH=5.8
22
Ty thuc vo tc nhn gy n mn m tn b n mn
vi nhng cng khc nhau .Nh nht l tn b mng
i, k n l b bong trc tng mng v nng nht l b
lng th.
2.3. C ch n mn :
Ant: cc nguyn t Fe b oxy ha thnh Fe
2+
:
Fe -2e = Fe
2+
.
Cc ion ny tan vo dung dch in li ti y c sn
oxy, chng li b oxy ha tip thnh Fe
3+
:
Fe
2+
-1e = Fe
3+


23
catt: cc ion hidro ca dung dch in li chuyn n
cc dng, ti y chng b kh thnh hidro t do, sau
thot ra khi dung dch in li:
2H
+
+ 2e = H
2

Ngoi ra trong nc cn c mt lng O
2
khuch tn nn
qu trnh ca tt s l:
O
2
+ 4H
+
+ 4e = 2H
2
O
Cc tinh th st b oxy ha dn dn t ngoi vo trong,
sau mt thi gian tm tn s b n mn ht.
T nhng c s trn ta s a ra c cc bin php bo
v tn trc mi trng nc ma v sng mui.
24
3.1. Mc ch:
Bo v b mt sn phm, mng sn mng hnh thanh
trn b mt tn cch li tn vi mi trng nh: nc,
nh sang, khng kh..bo v tn khi b n mn.
3.2.Khi nim:
Sn l huyn ph ca cc ht mu (oxit kim loi hay
mui kim loi) trong cht kt dnh hu c, ngoi ra
cn thm vo cc dung mi v cc cht pha long.
Cht kt dnh hu c to nn trn b mt kim loi cn
bo v mt mng rn lin tc.


25
3.3. Thnh phn ca sn.
Sn bao gm hai pha: lng v rn.
Pha lng.
Pha lng gm dung mi, ph gia v cht kt dnh.
- Dung mi: ha tan cht kt dnh. Trong qu trnh
sy kh dung mi bay i. Nhng dung mi si trn
250
o
C khng b bay hi gi l cht ha do. Chng
lm cho mng sn do hn.
- Ph gia: l nhng cht cho thm mt lng nh vo
cht kt dnh ci thin tnh cht ca n.
26
+ Cht tng nhanh qu trnh kh (lm cho sn mau
kh) do tng nhanh s oxy ha cht kt dnh. Nhng
cht thng dng l cc mui ca cc kim loi nh
Co, Pb, Mn, Zn, Zr.
+ Cht hot ng b mt ci thin s thm t ca
sn vi b mt kim loi.
+ Cht to nh tng lm cho sn dng nh tng n
nh.
+ Cht phn tn c nhim v ui nc khi b mt sc
t (pigment), tng cng s bm dnh ca mng sn
ngay c khi b mt kim loi m t.


27
+ Cht chng lng.
+ Cht tr su, h, du.
- Cht kt dnh: Cht kt dnh ng rn do b oxy ha
trong mi trng khng kh bao quanh bao gm:
+ Sn du thng l cc loi du thc vt nh du lanh,
du tng, du u tng cng s b oxy ha trong
mi trng khng kh bao quanh v t ng rn.
+ Nha ankyt l este ca diaxit vi ru a chc.
V d: axit phtalic COOH C
2
H
4
COOH
v glyxerin CH
2
OH CHOH CH
2
OH


28
- Cht kt dnh ng rn do bc hi dung mi bao gm:
+ Sn acrylic
Axit acrylic (CH
2
= CH COOH) v metarylic (CH
2
=
C(CH
3
)COOH) v cc este ca chng u c th
polymer ha thnh nha nhit do mch di polymetyl
metacrylat.












C
CH
3
COOCH
3
H
2
C
Metyl metacrylat
C
COOCH
3
CH
3
CH
2
C
CH
3
COOCH
3
CH
2
CH
2
Polymetyl metacrylat
29
+ Cao su clo ha iu ch bng tc dng ca clo vi cao
su t nhin hoc tng hp.
- Cht kt dnh ng rn do polyme ha gm:
+ Nha epoxy



Mch epoxy

CH
2
CH OH OH CH CH
2
O O
30
Nhm epoxy ng rn do phn ng vi cht ng rn (v
d amin).
+ Nha polyure tan to thnh do phn ng ca isoxianat
ln nhm OH ca ru hoc nc:







R N C O
+
R'OH
R N
H
C O R'
O
Isoxianat
Polyol
Uretan
31
Uretan li b polyme ha v lin kt cho thnh
polyuretan.
Ngoi ra cn mt s nha khc nh ure-fomaldehyt,
melamin formal-dehyt, silicon
Pha rn gm sc t (pigment) v cht n.
+ Sc t c c trng bi mu sc, ht, tc lng,
c, s ha tan trong nc v cht hu c.
+ Sc t c nhiu loi:
Sc t chng n mn gm bt km, bt ch, Pb
3
O
4
,
ZnCrO
4
.


32

+ Sc t gia c c lp ph dy v gim thm nc
gm ZnO, TiO
2
, Fe
2
O
3
, graphit.
Cht n: Thng dng l SiO
2
, SbSO
4
, bt talc,
aming, mica, CaCO
3.



3.4. S quy trnh ph sn trn tn:
33
X l b mt
Chn sn
Pha sn Sn ln 1
Thnh phm
Sy
Sn ln 2
34
X l b mt trc khi sn
+ Mun lp sn bm chc trn kim loi th phi chun
b tt b mt ca n. C nhiu nhiu cch chun b
b mt trc khi sn nh dng dung mi, chi, nh
giy rp, phun ct
+ Ngoi ra trc khi sn cn phosphat ha hoc cromat
ha to lp nn cho sn bm dnh tt.
Chn sn
+ Ty thuc vo mi trng v iu kin lm vic m
ngi ta s chn cc loi sn vi mc ch s dng
khc nhau

35
Pha sn
+ Tin hnh pha sn vi dung mi l cc cht bay hi
nhanh, gi r, ty theo dung mi v loi sn m ta pha
cc t l khc nhau c th l 1/5 n 1/10
Sn ln 1 (sn lt)
+ Sn lt l lp sn u tin trc tip phun ln b mt
sn phm. vi mc ch to nn lp mng sn bm chc
vi kim loi nn, to iu kin cho lp sn th hai dnh
kt.
Nhng iu kin l tng ca lp sn lt l:

36

+ C bm chc, tnh do tt.
+ C tnh n nh cao trong kh quyn.
+ Khng thm nc v hi nc.
+ C tnh nng chng g tt.
Sn ln 2
Sau khi sn ln th nht b mt c nhiu l chm kim,
sn ln hai trn lp sn trc c tc dng sau y:
+ Lp l chm kim.
+ Che ph vt mi.
+ Lm tng bm chc vi lp sn ngoi.
+ Nng cao bng mng sn.




37
Sy kh mng sn
Qu trnh bin i ha hc v vt l lm cho mng sn
thnh mng rn cng gi l sy kh.
Nhit xy thng t 50 n 120
o
C.
Thnh phm
Cc tm tn theo bng truyn xp ng c vn chuyn
n kho
3.5. u v nhc im ca phng php
u im
+ D ph, r tin, d khi phc ch b h hng
+ C th kt hp vi cc phng php bo v khc
38
+ Hiu sut cao, gia cng thun tin
+ C th sn cc sn phm c din tch ln, kh nhanh,
mng sn phn b ng u, bng phng, bng.
Nhc im
+ Khng chu c nhit cao qu 200
O
C
+ Km bn trong mi trng nc
+ bn c hc km

39
4.1. Mc ch
bo v kim loi khi b n mn, ngi ta dung
nhiu phng php khc nhau.Nhng phng php m
km (Zn) cn gi l lp m ant c s dng ph bin
v rng ri nht.
Lp m ant nu kim loi c m c in th m
hn so vi kim loi nn.
4.2. Gii thiu chung v km v m km
+ Km l kim loi ng nh, mu trng hi xanh lam.
+ Trng lng ring: 7,14 N/m
3

+ Nguyn t lng: 65,37 vC
+ in th tiu chun: 0,76 V
+ ng lng in ha: 1,22 g/Ampe
+ Nhit nng chy: 419,44
o
C
+ Km c tnh gin, tng i cng, c bit khi tng
nhit n 100-150
o
C c tnh do tt, c th gia
cng dp, nhng khi gia nhit n 250
o
C th gin, c
lp bt, nhit cng cao th thnh lp km oxit dng
bt cng nhiu.
+ in th tiu chun ca km tng i m, i vi st
thp km l lp m Ant. V vy trong cng

40
nghip, km c dng ph bin to lp bo v
kim loi khi s n mn.
+ tinh khit ca lp m km cao, c cu trc ng
u, do c tnh n nh ha hc cao. Tnh n hi
ca lp m tt sau khi b un ko. Tuy nhin cng
thp, bng km, trong khng kh d sinh thnh
mui km cacbonat c tnh kim nn d b m. b
mt km lun sng p, sau khi m ngi ta em sn,
phtsphat ha hay th ng ha lm tng bn
ca lp m.

41
+ Km l kimloi thng dng bo v st thp v hp
kim ca chng, sn phm m km c dng cho cc
cng trnh xy dng: cc tm tn lp, ng dy in
thoi, ng st, cc ng nc, cng nc, cc thit
b dt ngoi tri. Trong mi trng xm thc, lp m
km phi dy. Trong iu kin bnh thng yu cu
dy lp m l 15m. Trong iu kin n mn
mnh, dy lp m ti thiu l 30m.
42
4.3. Cc dung dch m km:
a. Dung dich m km xianua
c im cng ngh
Dung dch km xianua, kh nng phn b tt, lp m
mn, bng p.
Rt c, nh hng n sc khe ca con ngi.
Thnh phn ca dung dch m km xianua

43
44
Hm lng (g/l)
ZnO 35-45 20-25
NaCN 80-90 45-50
NaOH 80-85 70-80
Na
2
S 0.5
C
3
H
8
O
3
3-5
Z
8
.ATZ 5-10ml/l
Nhit (
0
C) 20-35
Mt dng in (A/dm
2
) 1-3
Pha ch dung dch
Dung dch m km xianua pha bng cc ha cht
ZnO hoc Zn(OH)
2
cho tc dng vi NaCN. Phn
ng ca chng nh sau:
2ZnO + 4NaCN = Na
2
Zn(CN)
4
+ Na
2
ZnO
2

2Zn(OH)
2
+ 4NaCN = Na
2
Zn(CN)
4
+ Na
2
ZnO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Pha ch dung dch m km xianua trong iu kin c
qut ht. Qu trnh pha ch nh sau:
+ Ha tan NaCN v NaOH trong thng m c th tch
nc bng th tch thng m.

45
+ Cho nc vo ZnO tnh ton, khuy thnh dng h
c, va khuy va cho vo thng m cho n khi tan
hon ton.
+ Cho glixerin v Na
2
S ha tan vo trong thng,
khuy u, cho nc n mc quy nh.
Cc cht ph gia khc cho vo theo bng thuyt minh
b. Dung dch m km zincat
c im cng ngh
Dung dch m km zincat thnh phn n gin, s
dng thun li. Lp m bng, mng th ng kh
46
bin mu. Dung dch m t n mn thit b, c th
dng thit b m km xianua sn c, thit b x l
nc thi, n gin. Nhng kh nng phn b ca
dung dch ny km hn dung dch xianua, hiu sut
dng in gim (70-85%). Khi m qu dng quy
nh, gin tng ln.
Thnh phn ca dung dch m km zincat

47
Hm lng (g/l) 1 2 3 4
ZnO (g/l) 8-15 10-12 10-15 10-15
NaOH (g/l) 80-120 100-120 100-150 100-150
Cht ph gia DE
(ml/l)
5-6 hoc
OPE III
Cht ph gia DPE II
(ml/l)
4-6
ZB 80 (ml/l) 2-4
KR-7(ml/l) 1-1.5
BW-901(ml/l) 4-5
NC zin 90A(ml/l) 3-5
NC zinC90B (ml/l) 5-7
Nhit (
0
C) 20-35 20-35 20-40 10-40
Mt dng in
(A/dm
2
)
0.5-4 0.5-4 1-5 1-5
c. Dung dch m km mui amon
c im cng ngh
Dung dch m km mui amon c lp m kt tinh
mn, bng, hiu sut dng in cao, tc kt ta
nhanh. Dung dch m km mui amon c my loi,
chng khc nhau kh nng phn b. Dung dch
NH
4
Cl- N(CH
2
COOH)
3
kh nng phn b tt nht,
dung dch NH
4
Cl- C
6
H
8
O
7
kh nng phn b trung
bnh, dung dch NH
4
Cl, kh nng phn b km. V
vy dung dch NH
4
Cl m nhng chi tit n gin,
dung dch NH
4
Cl- N(CH
2
COOH)
3


49
v NH
4
Cl- C
6
H
8
O
7
dng m nhng chi tit phc
tp. Dung dch m km amn n mn thit b, x l
nc kh khn.
d. Dung dch m km khng c Amn
Dung dch m km khng c Amn c pht trin
mnh trong thi gian gn y. Nh s nghin cu
thnh cng cc cht ph gia, m km khng c amn
pht trin rng ri thay th m km mui amn.

50
c im cng ngh
M km khng amon trong dung dch KCl c kt tinh
nh, mn, bng, bng phng tt, hiu sut dng
in cao, tc kt ta nhanh, s dng mt dng
in cho php rng, phm vi s dng rng, x l
nc n gin. Nhng lp m th ng trong dung
dch crom thp bm chc km, gin tng ln
khi lp m dy.
Thnh phn ca dung dch m khng c Amn

51
52
Pha ch
1 2 3 Thnh phn v
ch
ZnCl
2
60-80 50-70
KCl 180-220
NaCl 180-220
H
3
BO
3
25-30 30
ZB 85 ml/l 15-20
YDZ-1 ml/l 18
Ph 4,5-5,5 5
Nhit (
o
C) 30-45 30-40
Mt dng
in (A/dm
2
)
0,5-3 0,8-2
Dung dch m km khng c amon gm c ZnCl
2
,
KCl, H
3
BO
3
v cht lm bng. ZnCl
2
cung cp ion
Zn
+2
, KCl l mui dn in ch yu. Dung dch mui
KCl, s dng mt dng in rng, vng bng
rng, kh nng phn b tt. Dung dch mui NaCl
khng tt bng dung dch KCl, nhng mui NaCl r,
dung dch chu nhit tt, c th dng m quay.
H
3
BO
3
l cht m lm cho lp m bng mn, dng
mt dng in cao, ci thin kh nng phn b.

53
Pha ch dung dch
+ Dng nc nng ha tan tng phn ring bit KCl v
H
3
BO
3
. Ch dng nc si ha tan H
3
BO
3
vi
th tch gp 10 ln , sau vo b m.
+ Ha tan ZnCl
2
trong nc cho vo b m.
+ Va khuy va cho cc cht ph gia khc.
+ Cho nc n mc quy nh, khuy u, iu chnh
pH, m th

54
4.4. C ch qu trnh m km.
+ St-km l mt cp in cc
+ Fe c tnh kh mnh hn nn lp km l cc m, cc
dng lc ny l tm st, hai in cc ny tip xc
trc tip vi nhau v tip xc vi mi trng cht
in ly. Nh vy Zn s b n mn in ha:
cc m : cc nguyn t Zn b oxy ha thnh Zn
2+
:
Zn 2e = Zn
2+

+ Cc ion ny tan vo dung dch in li v kt hp vi
OH
-
to thnh hidroxit km Zn(OH)
2


55
cc dng: cc ion hidro ca dung dch in li
chuyn n cc dng, ti y chng b kh thnh
hidro t do, sau d thot ra khi dung dch in li:
2H+ 2e =H
Ngoi ra trong nc cn c mt lng O
2
b khuch
tn vo nn ta cn c qu trnh ca tt l:
O
2
+ 4H
+
+4e =2H
2
O
+ V c nh th lp km b n mn k c khi lp km
b chy xc l lp st ra ngoi.

56
4.5. Bn cht v yu cu ca lp m:
Lp m phi bm chc vo kim loi nn, khng b
bong ra
Lp m c kt ta mn, xp nh
Lp m bong do, cng cao
Lp m c dy nht nh
4.6. Chun b b mt trc khi m:
Chun b b mt trc khi ma c tm tt theo
s sau:
57
58
Gia cng c kh



Ty r

Ty du m


Ty nh

Ty in ha

Kim tra nguyn
liu u vo
Cung cp nguyn
liu vo dy chuyn

Ty du m r st

Gia nhit

M km

Lm ngui

Th ng ho b mt


Sy kh


Kim tra sn phm



Lu kho


4.7. S quy trnh cng ngh m km :
a. S quy trnh m km nng:
Kim tra nguyn liu u vo
Cn cun tn en, ghi v lu cc s liu nh : trng
lng cun l thuyt (ca nh xn xut) v thc
t(trng lng khi em cn), trng lng bao b, qui
cch v loi tn ( tn mm hay tn cng ) vo s theo
di cht lng tn en.
Kim tra cht lng tn en
+ Kim tra s b: qui cch, ngun gc xut x.
+ Tho b bao b v kim tra bn trong nguyn liu, i
vi cc cun khng t tiu chun nh b mo, b
gin bin, gin bng, r st nng.
60
+ Trong qu trnh m phi thng xuyn theo di cht
lng tn en ( mc du m, gin bin, gin bng,
t ni gia cun, ).
Cp nguyn liu lin tc vo dy chuyn
Sau khi nguyn liu t tiu chun m, nguyn
liu c a vo thit b x cun v ni vo cun c
cp tn lin tc cho dy chuyn.
Ty du m v r st
Trc khi tn c a vo m phi qua cng on
ty du m v r st, cng on ny bao gm 4 phn:
61
* Dng ha cht ty du m: Trc tin bng tn c
i qua 1 b nhng c nng t 23 - 40 im, c
kch hot nhit bng hi nc t t 60
o
C 80
o
C,
sau qua hai bung phun. Bung phun c phun
bng h thng bm nc p lc cao kt hp vi mt
hm lng nh cht ty du ko t b nhng qua,
phun ln ln c hai mt ca bng tn v dng cp trc
ch bng cc ty sch phn du m trn b mt
tn.

62
* Sau khi i qua hai bung phun, bng tn tip tc
qua 1 bung phun nc nng nhit t 60
o
C
80
o
C ra sch du m cng ha cht trn bng tn.
* Kt thc cng vic ty du m, bng tn c i vo 1
b dung dch HCl vi nng t 10 20% tu theo
mc r st ca tn tin hnh ty r st.
* Qua 3 v tr ty ra trn, lc ny bng tn tip tc i
qua 1 b nc trng ra thnh phn axt cn li,
sau qua 1 bung phun bng nc nng ri li qua
1 b nc trng ra ln cui v c vt kh bng
1 cp trc cao su trc khi qua cng on sy.

63
Gia nhit bng tn trc khi xung cho.
Sau khi ty ra sch s b mt, bng tn c a
qua mt l sy nhit trc tip nhm mc ch nng
nhit bng tn ln khong 200
0
C trnh s mt
nhit gy hi cho cho m.
Qu trnh m km - y l cng on quan trng nht
ca dy chuyn.
Bng tn sau khi t n nhit 180~200
0
C s i
qua ngn cha tr dung (Ammonium Chloride v mt
s kim loi khc nh Antimon, Alummium, ...) ty
sch b mt ln cui, lm tng bng sng ca b
mt km v c tnh lp m km...
64
Sau bng tn i qua ngn cha km v cui cng
l i qua cm thit b dao gi hon tt qu trnh m
km. dy mng ca lp m km c kim sot
thng qua cm thit b dao gi ny.
Qu trnh lm ngui.
Khi bng tn c m ph mt lp km theo yu cu,
lc ny bng tn cn nng v c lm ngui nh h
thng ng gi v qut ngui gn pha trn dn lm
ngui. Sau khi qua cng on lm ngui bng gi, lc
ny nhit ca bng tn vn cn kh cao.

65
V vy bng tn c chy qua mt b nc lm
ngui gim nhit xung cn khong 60
o
C - 80
o
C,
ng thi trng ra nhng hn hp mui, bi km v
cc tp cht khc bm trn b mt tn m nhm gi
cho b mt tn m c sch s trc khi i qua cng
on th ng ha.
Th ng ho b mt
Sau khi c lm ngui v ra sch bng b nc,
bng tn c vt kh bng 1 cp trc cao su v tip
tc qua b th ng ho, ti y bng tn c nhng
66
trong b dung dch cromat vi nng t 3 7 im
(3%-7%), nhit t 55
o
C 65
o
C. Bng tn m
km khi i qua b th ng c ph mt lp
chromate v nh hnh trn b mt tn tng kh
nng chng g cho b mt tn, sau c vt kh
nh cp trc cao su trc khi qua cng on lm kh.

67
u v nhc im ca phng php.
+ u im.
Tm kim loi c bo v hon ton,thi gian s
dng lu ti 50 nm, lp km ny chu c lc va
p ln, chng thm, chng c tia cc tim
+ Nhc im.
Phng php ny i hi phi u t dy truyn khp
kn vi chi ph kh cao, lng km ln gy lng ph
nn ch p dng cho mt s loi tn c bit.

68
69
Thnh phm
Xy
Phun ph ln 2
Phun ph ln 1
Pha dung dch km
X l b mt
b. S quy trnh m km lnh:
X l b mt trc khi ph.
+ Lm sch b mt: Kh du trn b mt vt liu v cc
cht bn khc.
+ To nhm b mt trc khi phun ph: rt quan trng
nhm m bo bn v kt dnh ca kim loi
ph vi b mt c ph. Chng ta c th to nhm
b mt bng cc phng php nh: gia cng phun ct,
gia cng phun bi (phun ct kim loi), phng php
ct ren thng, phng php ant c hc to nhp
nh b mt

70
Pha dung dch km
Pha dung dch nh l pha sn truyn thng c khch
l chn dung mi v thm phu gia bm dnh.
Phun ph.
Phun ph ln u tin to mt lp km u.
Phun ph ln hai to cho b mt lng bng hn lp
km dy hn.
Sy.
To iu kin cho cc ht km n nh v lm kh
dung mi.

71
1.X cun 2.X l b mt nguyn liu 3.Dn b 1
4.Sy kh v gia nhit 5.Cho m km 6.To bng
7.X l b mt thnh phm 8.sy kh thnh phm
9.Dn b 2 10.Kim tra cht lng 11.Thu cun






72
4.8. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut tn m km
Tn _ M ngh Sng ngi

73
Sn phm hng Th cng M
ngh (chu Hoa) c lm
t Tn Km mm
Hai dng tn sng ngi c
bit ny c cn qua my
cn sng chuyn dng ca
i Loan.

74
Dng sng nh ny rt c
bit. S lng sng c th
gm t 21 sng n 28 sng
trn mt tm tn vi di cao
nht l 6 mt.

Tn phng Sng nh
Tn nhm km
75
Ngun nguyn liu chnh
phm t Nht v i
Loan. cng thc 55%
Nhm(Al)-Km(Zn) v
45% ca cc Kim loi
khc.
Tn m km Tn mu
* Cc sn phm tn mu c to ra nh vo ngun
nguyn liu ca tn m km. Mt cun tn mu t
cht lng cao th trn c bn l do ngun nguyn
liu tn m km c cht lng tt.

76
77
78