-

. .

270102
, 270205
, 270201

-
2007
1

 624.131
: . .-. , . . (- . . ( ); . .-. , . . (-
)

. .
: .
/ . . .-. -. ., 2007. 72 .
ISBN 978-5-6227-0089-4
, . . .

.
.
.
.
.
-
, ,
, .
. 6. . 7. .: 14 .
-

ISBN 978-5-6227-0089-4

. . , 2007
-
- ,
2007
2

,


-

. , , , ,
.
1.
, .
(). European Prestandard. Eurocode 7.
Geotechnical design. Part 3. ENV 1997 - 3:1999
,
, (ISSMFE), 1989 .
International Reference Test Procedure IRTP) 1997 . ( ASTM Standard Test Method (Draft), 1995).

, (20 5) /. . : 35,7 ( 10 2); 60 ; 1000 ; 150 2.
IRTP. 15 2 710 . (Cone Penetration Test).
3

 , u (u0, u1, u2 . .
)
, (. ).


u2 = u0 + Du, u2 ,
, ; u0 ; Du () , .
, , , . .
U.
() Du
, , . , , .

60 . , .
ch ,
, ( )

m
h =
M

Irr2 ,

m ;
,
; Ir ; r
( 18,57 ).
(OCR)
, ,

smax,
, .
.
4

max
'v0

= k

q t - v0
'v0

( k = 0,2...0,5) ,

k ; qt
; v0 ; 'v0
.
Bq
, ,
(Robertson, 1990)

Bq =

u2 - u0

q t - v

, .
150 300 2.
u
,
, .

u = m ,
; m ,
Ip.

Cu =

q t - v

13 , 4 - 6 ,65W L

WL .
5


.
(
) qc
,
.

( ) fs
,
As: fs = Fs / As.
( ).
,

:
a = An / At = (At Al) / At ,

( ); ( , , );
().

An ; At
; l ; At, An Al
.
( b).
,
:
b = (Al Au) / As,
Au = sb Ast ( . 3).

2.
,

3
1
2

. 1.
( , ):
1 - ;
2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - , ,

(. 1), , : ( ); () ; , ( , . .); -
.
, , . . , : ( );

50100 1 . .
. 2.



, . 3.

qt = qc k q + u2 k q (1 - a ),
1

qt kq2 ;
qc 35,6
( kq1 kq2 , -

1
u3

2
3

Ast

4
5

As

6
7
7
889
9
10
10

An
Asb

u2
u2
At

11
11
12
12

13
. 2.
:
1 - ;
2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - ; 5 -
; 6 - ; 7 - ; 8 -
; 9 - ; 10 - ; 11 - ; 12 - ;
13 -

. 3. ,

qt fs:
Ast

; As
; A sb
;
A n
; At ; u2
, ;
u3

8

) [6]; u2 , ( u2 = u0 + Du ),
u0 in-situ; Du
, ); a , (a = An /Ac).
35,6 = 0,78; kq2 = 1,0.
, .

(. . 3),
ft = f s -

(u 2 Asb - u 3 Ast )
As

1- a

ft = f s k f - u2b + 0,3Du
,
1
15 - b

f t ; f s ; k f1 ( ,
35,6 ); a b , ( b
).
9

3.
. .
50 :
2,0 /. ;
0,1 /. ;
0,050,1 /. .

. 10 +40 0,5 % .
IRTP:

0,25 % ;

2 %, 7 %,
5 ;
2.
. ,
, 0,5 . ,
1 .
.

,
. .
,
.
.
500 .
10

.
4. ,

, , , . ,
, . 4.

. 4.
11

 ,
;

;
-
, ;
(,
, , ).

(),
. Microsoft
Windows,

, .
,
, ( , ,
).

, ( Memo
cone II III).
, - .
, Excel.
, , , :
, ;
, ,
;
, ,
, ;

.
, , :
( ), ;

,
,

.
:
- 1,5 100 ;
;
- ;

;

, .
, - ,
, , (. 5 6). ,
(
).

12

13

5.

. 5. Geotech 210D

, ,
, , , , (
MWD Measure While Drilling).


, .

- () :
- ,
;
in-situ, ,
;
-
;
.
6. ,

, .
-, , 50-302-96
. .
. 6. -
Geotech 605D:
1 ; 2
14

15



-
. 6.1 11-10597.

.

. . 8.1 11-105
1 - , , 2-
, , , 1-
.

2- 3- -
11-105, . 8.4. ,
12 .
() . 8.2 11-105.
- . ( 10 )
20 1

, , . .

16

,
50 ,
2.
,

, 15 .

.
.
.
50-022003 ( ).
10 .

5 . 3000

10 , , , 15 .
. ,
, . 8.88.11 11-105.

. 8.3 11-105. - 30 %
.


,
,
:
2

11-105 97 .

17

7.
, , , . 1.
(International References Test Procedure, 1989, 1997) (IRTP, 1989,
1997), .
.
8. ()

-
- ;
,
;
;

;
;
. .

199122001 . .
.
199122001 (. )
.
, .

, .
18

19

20
21

. 1

. 1

 :

() qc, fs Rf = fs/qc
100 %;
, ;
qc fs
;
.
, ,
:

, , ,
;
,
;
qc
fs ;
;
, , .

,
. . 7.
Program U
--------(c) Fugro

NIPLOT
-----Engineers

ASCII pre
ASCII fil

sentation
e created

Project n
Date of t
Location

umber
esting

Offsets r
Channel
name
--------cone
friction
pore 2

elative to
Offset
[m]
----------

Reading
No
---------

Depth
m
----------

ersion 02.2

1.nl

bv, Leids chendam, H

olland

of data in file :
at: date :
time
:
:
:
:

CPT12.000
01-May-2007
18:05:53
2704-07LENS
OVET
27-Apr-2007
pos.Lensove
tovsky

the depth given in

column 2:

cone
friction
MPa
MPa
---------- ---------0,2142
0,2104
0,3645
0,5636

pore 2
MPa
-----------

0
0,087
0,006

21
22
23
24

0
0,006
0,021
0,038

0,0027
0,0041

. 7.

, , ,

.
.
, , ,

:

(,
);


;

;
;

22

23

9.

 - ;
;
, (
,
,
), - ,
;

- ;

.

. . - . .
10.





, .

. 2.

24

2
3
1.
-

0 = 3qc
qc = 220
0 = 1,3273qc + 14,4

= 26,282qc0,1268
( h = 2 )
= 24,321qc0,1349
( h = 5 )
(
. 2 11-105)

0 = 7qc

,
.
= 18,571 qc0,207
( . 5 11-105)

,
= 6 qc + 11

,
.
= 16,285qc 0,2234
( )

qc = 220

qc = 1,526
(
)

11-10597,
. 2

11-105,

. 5
qc = 0,56

,
= 5,255 qc + 23,86

25

 . 2

. 2
1

2
3
2.

R0 = 0,04qc
qc = 515

R0
qc = 15
R0 = 0,1qc

4
[12]

- .
[12]
-

( -

h = 2b
b < 10 )
0 = 2qc

- [12]

u = 9qc

qc 8

0 = f(qc, W)

,
,

50-302
96
,
. 1,
. 5
, [13],
.

. ,
, qc = 130
. 1


,
.
,

26

2
:

3,14(1 + )(3 - 4) q c
E=
16(1 - )

3

qc = 310
a = 7.



qc = 120

4
[13],
(6.1)
[13]
6.3,
. 6.1

3,14(1 + )(3 - 4) qc
E=
,
16(1 - )
(
)

a = 8 ;
a = 8,8
( );
a = 9,5 ;
a = 11

[13]
. 6.3

( ).

.

.

R0,

qc = 115

[13],
. 6.3

IL

[13],
.

[12]

(- [13],
), -- . ,
,
. 3
, -
10 % qc = 112

qc = 1 20
fs = 0,02 0,5

27

 . 2
1

2
3
4
3.
- [11],

2

0 = 2qt
0 = 4qt 5

qt < 2,5
2,5 < qt < 5

- - [6, 11]

(OCR < 2)
0 = 4qc
qc < 10
0 = 2 qc + 20

10 < qc < 50

0 = 120qc

qc > 50

(OCR > 2)
qc < 50
qc > 50

0 = 5qc
0 = 250

.
.

E0 (M) = 1/mv = amqc

- . 4

am .
qc < 2

. 5

,

j, .

q,

-
. 3

- [11]

28

. 2
1

2
3
4
4.

-

, - (-

),
-

d,

: IA, IB, IC

()

, ( ), d,

: IIA, IIB, IIC, IID,

IIE

, . 2,
, .
1. ,
R0 ,
- ( m, l IV), ,
( 2.0797) . 50-30296 (. 1, . 81), ( ) .
29

( ). , ,
.

, , (. .1).
2.
. 1, 50-30296, ,
IL, , ,
( 11-10597).
IL,
, 2025 % ,
R0. ,
- (. .2),
.
3. .
4. , [9] 11-105,

.
5. . 5
. 11-105 15 q 6 .
6. -
. [12, 13] , .

7. , .
[11]. -
, , (
) , (. 3).

30

31

3
( )

[11]

, /3

,
/

17,5

3109...3108

12,5

1108...1106

17,5

11010...1109

( )

18

1109...1108

(

)

18

1108...1107

(
)

18

1107...1106

(
)

18,5

1105...1106

 . 3

, /3

,
/

19

1105...1104

( )

19,5

20

20,5

(
)

19

4
a
[11]
qc ,

1104...1103
3

110 ...1

< 0,7

3 ... 8

0,7 ... 2,0

2 ... 5

> 2,0

1 ... 2,5

> 2,0

3 ... 6

< 2,0

2 ... 6

< 2,0

2 ... 6

(
)
(, )

< 1,2
< 0,7
( W)

2 ... 8

(, )

50 < W < 100

1,54

100 < W < 200

11,5

110 ...110

1108...1106

0 (
, mv) ( 2 ):
1
= m qc ,
mv
am ,
(. 4).

, ,

, (OCR) Bq,
- [11]:

W > 200

0,41

OCR = 5,04( K 0 )1,54 ,

0 =

32

am

K 0 = 0,1

Bq =

q t - v
'v

u2 - u0

q t - v

c

(. 5).
33

 5

(a), (tg )
Bq [11]

u =

(soft)

510

,
.
1924

(medium)


(stiff)

(soft)

1020

1929

0,40,55

0,60,8

2050

2731

0,50,6

0,30,6

05

2731

0,50,6

(medium)

515

2933

0,550,65

(stiff)

1530

3135

0,60,7

2933

0,550,65

a,

(loose)

[11]:

tg

Bq

0,350,45

0,81,0

00,4

()
(medium)

1020

()
(dense)

2050

()
(hard, stiff soil, OC,
cemented)

> 50

3137

< 0,1

13,4 + 6,65W L

,
- 45 ,
[6, 11].
11.



(25) 2.02.0385 (7.26) 50-1022003.
50-102
( (7.30) (7.31).
N =

0,60,7

q t - v

Fd

gk

, 568694 2494281.
Fd
3542

0,70,9

< 0,1

Fd =
3845

0,81,0

<0

Fu

ng gs .

gs
(
):
gs = 1 + vs.

34

35

 gs ,
vs:
v s = ns

(Fsi - Fs ) 2 / F
si ,
n
s

Fsi Fs
; ns
( )1.

,
Fu
-
1 2,
.
[11].

. 6.
:
2.02.03 ( ,
50-3022004 -);
50-102 ( );
50-3022004 -;
2.0797 [12];
,
(. . ).
1
ggs

, (,
30 %
1,32).

36

(. . 6),
.
,
(. . ).
6

s)
,

1.
:
qs , ()
1d 4d
qs 30
Fu = Rs A + f h u
b1 = 0,90,2.

Rs = b1qs
f =

bi f si hi
h

:
qs 10
( ),
b1 = 0,50,23
( )
b1 = 0,40,19;
fsi = 0,020,12

bi = 0,750,4
( qs 15 )
-

bi = 1,00,3
( qs 15 )

37

2.02.03,
(25),
(b1, bi, fsi
. 15)

 . 6
1
2
3
50-102,

:
- (7.26)
b1 = 0,90,3
, ()
qc 20 . (b1, bi, fsi
. 7.15)
:
Fu = ( cR Rs A) + ( cf f hu )
qc 10
(

Rs = 1qc
)
i f si hi
b1 = 0,50,23,
f =
h
(

cR = 0,4 (1,0)*
)
cf = 0,8 (1,0)*
b1 = 0,40,19;
fsi = 0,020,12

bi = 0,750,5
( qc 15 ),

bi = 1,00,4
( qc 10 )

. 6
1

2
2.

Fdu (), :
:

:
qc 1d 4d
b1 = 0,350,2
fi = 0,020,08
( qc 12 ).
:
qc Fdu = (1qc A) + (u f i hi );
, 1d 2d
,
qc = 120
(
Fdu = ( RA) + (u cf f i hi )
qc = 520 ),
(
qc = 110 ),
fi = 0,03
0,07 ,

fi = 0,0150,06 ,
cf = 1 , ;
cf = 0,7 ;
hi
2

38

39

50-102,
- (7.30)
(1, fi
. 7.16)
50-102,
- (7.31)
(R, fi
. 7.17)

 . 6

. 6

1
2
3
- qn [12],
, . 8.58.7
()
1d 4d - - (12)

qn = 112
Fu = (i q n A) + (U f i hi )
bi = 0,80,4,

2
2.

fi
.
3. R f
q

P
, ; sL
,

:
sL = 6q;
:

sL = 10q,

sL = 12q;

fi = 0,030,08 ,
fi i- ,

. 2

qn ()

-
- [12],
, ()
(. 1):
. 8.28.4
R = 0,52 - (11)

Fu = ( RA) + (U cf f i hi )
( q = 520 ),

R = 0,231
( q = 15 ).

(. 1):
fi = 0,025
0,075
( q = 520 ),

fi = 0,020,065
( q = 110 )
1.
6001200 ,
5 .

40

S=

PI s
E sL d

d , ;
Is ,
(
)

s/sL, s

41

[12],
. 8.88.13
- (17)

[12],

Is
. 3

 . 6
1

()

P = f ( qi ; Pm ; q ; l ) ,

qi

0,5 /2;
m
, ;
q , /2; l
,

2

q
IL
:


;

qi;

qi.


( /2) :
-

IL;

3
50-302
,
,
. .1,
. .1,
.2

. 6
1

2
3.

q p = k c qca

Qb = q p A p ,

fp = qc / aLCPC

Qb

kc ; qp - 0,20,5

;
, Ap

( Qs = f p As ,
Qs ).
; fp aLCPC 30300

;
As ,

fp ( )

[11],
. 6.2
(Deep foundations,
Bustamante
and Giasenelli
method,
1982,
. 6.4, 6.5)

, - , . . .

- , .
, .
, -

42

43

 , .
- . - ( .,
37, ., 10, , ;
1 . . .).
.
1. ,
, . , .
2.
,
.
-,
, , - , , (, ).
3.
(,
, , ,
. .), . - - .
4.
, 44

,
,
, , , ,
.

1. . . . .: , 1964.
2. . . . .: , 1965.
3. . . . , . .: ,
1980.
4. . . . .: ,
1990.
5. . . . .: , 1989.
6. . ., . .
. ,
, 1988.
7. . . . .: ,
1980.
8. . . - . : - , 1975.
9. . ., . . . .: , 1974.
10. . . - - . .: , 1969.
11. Lunne T., Robertson P. K. and Powell J. J. M. Cone Penetration Testing in
Geotecnical Practice ( ).
Blackie Academic & Professional, London, 1997.
12. 2.07-97. . ., 1997.
13. 22000.
5.01.01-99. . , 2001.
14. European Prestandart ICS. Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design. (91.080.01/
93.020).

45

" "
1 2

-5 0 0

-4 0 0

-3 0 0

-2 0 0

-1 0 0

2 .2

.1. ,

1 0

0
0

1 0 0

/ .
2 0 0

3 0 0

4 0 0

1 3 .2

lg II Iv d 3

- .

,
3 .4
lg II Iv d 3

1 1 .0

4 .4

8 .8

5 0 0

3.
, , , , ,
.

1 1

1. Excel,

.
.

1 2

1 3

1 4

1 5

1 6

2. ,
qc, fs, Rf, Dqc . .
,
, .

, : ,
, ,
,
. .
.

.

.
46

4.

1-2

.

47

5
5.
Excel (. . .3 .4).
.


( ,
) .

6
6.

.





, - .
. , -, , -, . , ,
(. . .3 .4). ,
48

,
Qt Fr ,

:
Qt =
Fr =

q t - sv
s'v

fs
qt - sv

,
0

qt ; fs
; s v ;
0

s'v

( s ' v 0 = s v 0 u0).

Ic, :
I c (3,47 - lg Qt ) 2 + (lg Fr + 1,22 ) 2 .
Ic , . .1.
.1


[11]

Ic
Ic < 1,31

1,31 < Ic < 2,05

2,05 < Ic < 2,60

2,60 < Ic < 2,95

2,95 < Ic < 3,60

Ic > 3,60

2
49

.2.

7
7. - .

.
, ,
Word.
,
.
8. Surfer.

. ( 10
- ) , .
( . . ). , - .
1

. . ., 100
2 .
0,5

, - , ,

1.
Excel
.

9
8.5
8
7.5
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5

50

2
1.5
1

51

2.
- ,
(
) ,
.

,
.

3.
-
, (,
).
,
, , , , .

52

. ( ) m
( ) , .
. ( ) , , .
.3.

, , .
- 200 -
. .
, , . .1 .2.
.

.
:
;

( ,
);
- .
.

53

54
55

.1.

. .1

56
57

.2. - -

,
-, (,
, -, , )
(. sand, silty sand, clayey sand, gravelly sand)

. .1

58
59

. .2

. .2

 , - (-) (, ,
-, , )
(silty clay to clay; clayey silt to silty clay, sandy silt to clayey silt)

. 1 ( ) ,
(. attraction) = tg
, [11, . 6971];
2
( ) ,
= tg (, , -,
, ) , [11, . 6971].
3
: ,
( IIC-3, IID );
; R0
.
. 5.2

60
61

 . .2

.3.

, qt,

[11]

Dr

St

, %

, qt,

[11]

Bq

62

63

.3
Dr ;
e ;
OCR ;
St ;
u2 ,
;
u0 - ;
sv .
0

:
1 (sensitive fine grained); 2 (organic materials); 3 (clay); 4 ( ) (silty clay to clay); 5
( ) (clayey silt to silty clay); 6 ( ) (sandy silt to clayey silt); 7 ( ) (silty sand to sandy silt); 8 (
) (sand to silty sand); 9 (sand); 10
(gravelly sand to sand); 11 ( ) (very stiff fine grained); 12 ( ) (sand
to clayey sand).
. (Duglas and Olsen, 1981;
Robertson et al., 1986)
,


.

, - ,
.

64

( )

3535 4545 2.02.03-85
- ( )
,
, ,
(. .1).

:
Pmax = (0,7 x + 2,8) L, mc (H),

Pmax , (); x
, 2.02.0385, ()/1 .
L; L
, ( ,
. .2).
,

, .
. .
1961 . ,
. . [5], . . [10].
. . . . [9] 150 .
(
), ,
(. . 7.15 50-102-2003 . 15 2.02.03-85,
-2000).

65

 ( 2.02.0385)

15
14
7,10; 13,43

13
10,00; 11,76

12
11

11,90; 10,60
5,10; 9,70

. , /.

10

8,10; 9,70

8,50; 9,90

5,00; 9,11

11,75; 8,39
8,30; 8,40

5,60; 7,90

8
4,30; 7,1

3,80; 6,40

7,10; 8,11

5,24; 7,24

5,60; 6,20

y = 0,7313x + 2,7849
R2 = 0,6107

6,61; 6,3

y =5,1325Ln(x) - 1,7778
R2 = 0,6332

3,89; 5,67
5,10; 5,30

4,30; 5,03

6,61; 5,71

3,89; 4,78
3,73; 4,25

4
3

4,30; 4,80

4,83; 4,52

y = -0,0636x2 + 1,6898x- 0,4212

R2 = 0,6398
y =-0,0123x3 + 0,2268x2 - 0,4368x + 4,3865
R2 = 0,6435

2,17; 2,6

2
1
0
0

10

11

12

(. 1,25), /.




( )
( )

. .1
66

13

. .2

(Eurocode 7. Part 3. Calcul geotechnic. Bustamante M., Gianeselli L., 1982. Pile bearing
capacity prediction by means of static penetrometer CPT. ESOPT II, Amsterdam, 2,
493-500, Balkema Pub., Rotterdam) [11].
.
.
, , ( X > 6 /. )
67

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(Y) 8,2 /. ). , ,
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50-1022003

(. 7.3.5),
.
50-1022004
35
(. 1 2 . , . 52-53), IL,
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, -
.

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2.02.03, . 5.11
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,
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()

()

.
.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------()
()
()
()
()
()
0.35
3.00
14.16
4.67
18.83
11.12
3.67
14.79
23.00
4.00
15.65
7.31
22.95
12.29
5.74
18.03
22.00
5.00
23.14
10.11
33.25
18.17
7.94
26.11
21.00
6.00
24.08
13.69
37.77
18.91
10.75
29.66
20.00
7.00
18.69
17.84
36.53
14.68
14.01
28.69
19.00
8.00
16.89
21.39
38.29
13.27
16.80
30.07
18.00
9.00
21.32
24.85
46.16
16.74
19.52
36.26
17.00
10.00
25.93
28.51
54.45
20.37
22.40
42.76
16.00
11.00
32.30
32.59
64.89
25.37
25.60
50.96
15.00
12.00
39.90
36.86
76.75
31.33
28.95
60.28
14.00
13.00
43.36
43.35
86.72
34.06
34.05
68.11
13.00
14.00
50.77
51.64
102.41
39.88
40.56
80.43
12.00
0.60
3.00
50.77
8.01
58.78
39.87
6.29
46.16
23.00
4.00
55.76
12.52
68.28
43.79
9.84
53.63
22.00
5.00
64.45
17.33
81.79
50.62
13.61
64.24
21.00
6.00
63.72
23.47
87.19
50.05
18.43
68.48
20.00
7.00
54.34
30.59
84.92
42.68
24.02
66.70
19.00
8.00
58.08
36.67
94.75
45.61
28.80
74.42
18.00
9.00
66.88
42.60
109.48
52.53
33.45
85.98
17.00
10.00
86.21
48.88
135.10
67.71
38.39
106.10
16.00
11.00
104.34
55.87
160.21
81.95
43.88
125.83
15.00
12.00
121.68
63.18
184.86
95.57
49.62
145.19
14.00
13.00
135.91
74.32
210.23
106.74
58.37
165.11
13.00
14.00
146.41
88.52
234.93
114.99
69.52
184.52
12.00

.2.
50-102, . 7.3.13
( )
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1, . , . ( , 11-, . 10)
68

69

... 1. ():
26.00

()

()

()

()

()

.
.
()

-------------------------------------------------------0.60

3.00
7.19
1.81
9.00
23.00
4.00
8.94
3.57
12.50
22.00
5.00
13.54
5.82
19.36
21.00
6.00
14.97
8.55
23.53
20.00
7.00
12.38
11.65
24.03
19.00
8.00
10.81
14.05
24.86
18.00
9.00
12.46
16.44
28.90
17.00
10.00
15.92
19.11
35.03
16.00
11.00
18.19
22.21
40.40
15.00
12.00
23.31
25.68
49.00
14.00
13.00
26.48
29.89
56.37
13.00
14.00
31.04
34.67
65.71
12.00
------------------------------------------------------------------

. 1. ;
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70

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1. ........................................................................3
2.
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3. .................................................10
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5. ............................13
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7. .............................................18
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71





. .
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20.12.07. 6084 1/16. . .
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72