SYLLABUS

Electrical Measurements (07A50201)

III B. Tech., EEE Periods per Week: 4+1

I Semester Credits: 04

UNIT – I, Measuring Instruments

Classification – deflecting, control and damping torques –Ammeters and Voltmeters –
PMMC, moving iron type instruments – expression for the deflection torque and control
torque – Errors and Compensations, Extension of range using shunts and series
resistance. Electrostatic Voltmeters – electrometer type and attracted disc type –
Extension of range of E.S. Voltmeters.

UNIT – II, Instrument transformers

CT and PT – Ratio and phase angle errors – design considerations type of P.F. meters
dynamometer and moving iron type–1–phase and 3 phase meters – Frequency
meters–Resonance type and Weston type– Synchro scopes

UNIT–III, Measurement of Power

Single phase dynamometer wattmeter, LPF and UPF, Double element and three element
dynamometer wattmeter, expression for deflection and control torques. Extension of
range of wattmeter using instrument transformers – Measurement active and reactive
powers in balanced and unbalanced systems.

UNIT–IV, Measurement of Energy

Single phase induction type energy meter – driving and braking torques – errors and
compensations – testing by phantom loading using RSS meter. Three phase energy
meter – tri vector meter, maximum demand meters.

UNIT – V, Potentiometers
Principle and operation of D.C. Cromptons potentiometer – standardization –
Measurement of unknown resistance, current, voltage. A.C. Potentiometers: polar
and coordinate types standardization – applications.
UNIT – VI, Resistance Measurements
Method of measuring low, medium and high resistance – sensitivity of Wheatstones
bridge – Carey Foster’s bridge, Kelvin’s double bridge for measuring low
resistance, measurement of high resistance – loss of charge method

UNIT–VII, AC Bridges
Measurement of Inductance, Quality Factor–Maxwell's bridge, Hay’s bridge, Anderson
bridge, owen;s bridge – Measurement of capacitance and loss angle– Desauty bridge,
Wein’s bridge – Schering Bridge.

UNIT – VIII, Magnetic Measurements

Ballistic galvonometer – equation of motion – flux meter – construction details,
comparison with ballistic galvanometer. Determination of B–H Loop methods of
reversals six point method – A.C. testing – Iron loss of bar samples Lloyd – fisher
magnetic square – core loss measurements by bridges and potentiometers – Magnetic
Potentiometer.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Electrical Measurements and Measuring Instruments – by EW. Golding, and F.C

Widdis, fifth Edition, Wheeler Publishing.
2. Electrical & Electronic Measurements & Instruments by A.K. Shawhney Dhanpat
Rai & Sons Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Electrical measurements –by Buckingham and Price, Prentice –Hall

2. Electrical Measurements by Harris.
3. Electrical Measurements: Fundamentals, Concepts, Applications – by Reissland,
M.U, New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers.
 LESSON PLAN
Electrical Measurements (07A50201)
S. No. Topic to be covered No. of Lectures
UNIT I
1.1 Classification of Measuring Instruments 2
1.2 Deflecting and Control torques 1
1.3 Damping torque 1
1.4 Ammeters and Voltmeters 1
1.5 Moving Iron Instruments 1
1.6 Moving Coil Instruments 1
1.7 Electrostatic Instruments 1
1.8 Errors and Compensations in Measuring Instruments 1
1.9 Extension of Ranges of meters 1
1.10 Numerical Problems 1
Sub Total 11
UNIT – II
2.1 Introduction to CT and PT 2
2.2 Ration and phase angle errors 2
2.3 Power Factor meter design considerations and types 2
2.4 1–ph and 3–ph meters 1
2.5 Frequency meters Resonance type 1
2.6 Frequency meters Weston type 1
2.7 Synchroscopes 1
Sub Total 10
UNIT – III
3.1 1–ph dynamometer wattmeter 2
3.2 LPF and UPF wattmeters 2
Expression for deflecting and controlling torques
3.3 Double element and three element dynamometer wattmeter 1
Expression for deflecting and controlling torques
3.4 Extension of range of wattmeter using instrument transformers 1
3.5 Measurement of active power 2
3.6 Measurement of reactive power 2
Sub Total 10
UNIT – IV
4.1 Single phase induction type energy meter 1
4.2 Driving and braking tprques 1
4.3 Errors and compensation 2
4.4 Testing by phantom loading using rss meter 2
4.5 Three phase energy meter 1
4.6 Tri vector meter 1
4.7 Maximum demand meter 1
4.8 Numerical Problems 1
Sub Total 10
UNIT – V
5.1 Principle and operation of DC potentiometer 2
5.2 Standardization and measurement of unknown emf 1
5.3 measurement of unknown current and calibration of voltmeter and 1
ammeter
5.4 Measurement of unknown resistance and power 1
5.5 Ac potentiometers polar and coordinate types 2
5.6 Standardization and applications 1
5.7 Problems 1
Sub Total 09
UNIT–VI
6.1 Method of measuring medium high and low resistances 2
6.2 Sensitivity of wheat stones bridge 1
6.3 Carey Foster’s bridge 1
6.4 Kelvin’s double bridge 2
6.5 Measurement of high resistance 1
6.6 Loss of charge method 1
6.7 Problems 2
Sub Total 10
UNIT–VII
7.1 Measurement of Inductance Quality factor 1
7.2 Maxwell’s Bridge 1
7.3 Hay’s Bridge 1
7.4 Anderson’s bridge and Owen’s Bridge 1
7.5 Measurement of capacitance and loss angle 1
7.6 Schering Bridge 2
7.7 Desauty Bridge, Wein’s Bridge 1
7.8 Problems 2
Sub Total 10
 UNIT–VIII
8.1 Ballistic Galvanometer 1
8.2 Flux meter 1
8.3 Construction details ,comparision with ballistic galvanometer 1
8.4 Determination of BH curve (using method of Reversals, Step by step 2
method)
8.5 Determination of Hysteresis loop by Six point method 1
8.6 Determination of Iron losses of bar samples 1
8.7 Bridge methods for core loss measurements 1
8.8 Determination of iron losses using AC potentiometer 1
8.9 Numerical problems 1
Sub Total 10
TOTAL 80

A. Ganga Dinesh Kumar

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