Determination Of A,B,C,D parameters Of A Transmission Line

Theory
A transmission line can be represented by a linear, passive, bilateral elements containing resistence,
inductance, capacitane.
Vs=AVr+BIr
Is=CVr+DIr

Fig 1: Transmission Line
Where A,B,C and D are known as the generalised constants of the line and are complex quantities of
the type-
A B
C D

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION
Magnitudes of the constants can be measured by voltmeter, ammeter and the complex angles by using
wattmeter as shown below.
CONSTANT A



Phasor Diagram
Fig 2: Calculation Of A
The above circuit diagram shows the open circuit test(i.e. I
r
=0)
So that V
s

1

A= ------------
V
r

2
& are obtained from the two readings of the wattmeters V
s
I cos
1
and V
r
I cos
2
, I being
an arbitrary current reference. Thus =
1
-
2

CONSTANT C

This is found from a similar open circuit test by measuring I
s
& V
r
and angle between them
by a procedure as indicated in figure.
I
s

1

C = ------------
V
r

2
being the angle between I
s
& V
r.
CONSTANTS B & D


These are found from short circuit tests as indicated in above two figures respectively and
given by:
V
s

1

B = ------------(ohm)
I
r

2
being the angle between V
s
& I
r
and

I
s

1

D = -----------
I
r

2
being the angle between I
s
and I
r

To find out , the angle of I
s
and I
r
are found with respect to a reference voltage (say V
s
).
Same wattmeter can be used with voltage coil connected to V
s
& current coil connected
alternatively to carry I
s
and I
r.