12

O-Net GAT () PAT1 (
) / PAT2 (

)


1 :
2 :
3 :

4 :

5 :



(
)
(

)

(
)

3
9
22
34
46
50
57
67
75

-
1 :
.

, .

, . .

1.1
2
1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

5
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

1.
1.1 (Monotheism)

1.2 (Polytheism) ()
1.3 (Atheism)
2.
2.1


2.2

3.
3.1

3.2
-

1
2.
3.

4.

1.
1)
2)
3)
4)

5)
6) ()
7)
8)

2.
1)

2)

3)
4)

3
1. 3
1.1 2

1.2 2

1.3
1
2. ()
21,000
5
2.1 3 34
2.2 3 152
2.3

 56 7,762
2.4 11
9,557
2.5 15 ( )
()
3.
42,000 7
3.1
3.2 1.1
3.3 3

3.4

3.5 (
2-3 18 ) 219

3.6
3.7 () 24

3

1.


2.
3
4
3
3. 8


8

4
1.
2.
3.
4.
4 4
1.
2.

3.
4
1)
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3)

4)

4.
2
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4
4 4

1.
2.
3
1)
2)
3)
3.
4.
8
1)
2)

3)
4)
5)

6)

7)
8)

1.

2.
3.

4.

2
1. 6
2. 5
6
1. ()
2. ()

3.
4. ()
5.

6. ()
5
1.
2. 5
3.

4. ()

5. 1



10
1.
1)
2)
2.
3.
1)
2)
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

1.
3
1. ()
2. ()
3. ( )

2.

1. 4 4
1)
2)
3)
4)

2.

3.

1.
4.
2.
5.
3.

1.
3.
2.
4.

1.
6.
2.
7.

3.
4.
5.

8.
9.

3
1.
2.
3.

1.
3.
2.
4.

5
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

3
1.

1.1
1.3
1.2
1.4
2.


2.1
2.3
2.2
2.4
3.
2

3.1
3.2
1)
2)

 2 :
.

.

. .

-
-
-
-
-
2
1.
2.
(Crowd)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1. 2.

1.
2.
3.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.

1.
3.
2.
2
1.
2.

1.
2.
3.

3
1.
2.
3.
(Status)

1. (Ascribed status) ,,
,
2. (Achieved status)
,,
(Role) ()

(Socialization)

1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
(Social Institutions)

1.
3.
2.
7
1.
5.
2.
6.
3.
7.
4.

1.
3.
2.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
, ,
,,

1.
3.
2.

1.
4.

10

2.
5.
3.
6.

1.
3.
2.
4.

1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
2
1.
2.

1.
4.
2.
5.
3.

6.
9.
7.
10.
8.
11.

1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
6.

1.
5.
2.
6.
3.
7.
4.
8.

1.
4.
2.
5.
3.

1. 3.
2.

1.
5.
2.
6.
3.
7.
4.

1. .4

-
2. .4 .

3.

.5
2475 3

11

12. -
13. -
14. -

1. - 2504
2. 2504

1. -
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(Identity)


1.

2.

3.

4.

1.
(Knowledge) (Skill) (Belief) (Behavior)
2.
3.
4.


5.
6.
7.

12


..1948
1960 .. 1976

2540 6 80 199

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1.
2.

3.

4.

1.
2.

3.

4.
5.

6.

13

4
1.
2.
3.

4.

2
1.

1.1
1.2
1.3
2.

1.1 2
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2
1.
2.

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
1.




2.

14

3. 2

1.
2.
3.
4.
2
1.


2.

2
1)
2)

1.
3.
2.

1.
2.
3.
4








2

1.

2. 2
2.1 4
() () () ()
2.2
() ()

3.

3

1. 1 ()

15

2.

1. 2
1.1)
1.2)
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.

3
1.

2.
3.

1.
3.
2.
4.

1.
1.1)
1.2) 12 ..2435
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
1.3)
12
1.4) 49

2.
()

16


3.
.. 2440 ...
.. 116 (.. 2440)
... .. 2448

.. 2475
1.
2.
3.

24 2475

1.

2.
3.
3
1)

2)

3)

4. 3
1)
2)
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1. ...

2.
3. 1 18

4.

1.

2.
3.

4.

1.
3.
2.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

17

9.
3
1.
2.
3.

4
1.
2.
3.
4.
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4.2)

1.
2.


2
1.
2.

3
1.
2.
3.

1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
(..) ..

1. ..
2.
3.
1
.. ..

1.
2.
3.
4.
...

18


3
1.





2.

3.

..2475 18
1. 2475
2. 2475
3. 2489
4. () 2490
5. 2492
6. 2475 2495
7. 2502
8. 2511
9. 2515
10. 2517
11. 2519
12. 2520
13. 2521
14. 2534
15. 2534
16. 2540
17. 2549
18. 2550

2
1.

2.
2
1.

2.

1.
2.
3.
4.

19

5.

1.
2.
3.
3
1.

2.

3.
3
1)
2)
3)

- .. (20 )50,000
-
1. 3
1
2
3
2. 3

1.
2.

-
-
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-

2
1. ... ...

2.

- ... , ...
-
-
... ,...

- ... , ...
-
- ......
2
1.

20

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3.
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1.
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) 6
1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
6.
6

15 200 1

24 200

20 17

3
10

30 2

15

15% 1,000 1

- 5
-

21

-
- 1,000
- 2,000 24%
- 21.2 ,515

- 1 1,000
- 15-20

- 3 - 15
- 10 20,000
- 1 1,000

- 3 6,000
- 3 6,000

- 16
- 21 2 3

- 15 70

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. 2
9.
10.

3 :

.

.

. .

()

3
1. (What)
2. (How)

1. (For whom)
2
1. (Microeconomics)

22


2. (Macroeconomics)

(Production)

( : Utility)
5
1. (Form Utility)
2. (Place Utility)
3. (Time Utility) -
/ /
4. (Posession Utility)

5. (Service Utility)

3
1. (Primary Production) (
)
2. (Secondary Production)
()
3. (Tertiary Production)
()
(Factors of Production) 4
1. (Land)
2. (Capital)
(Money)
3. (Labour)
4. (Enterperneurship)
()
-
(Rent)
- (Interest)
-
(Wage)
-
(Profit)

1.
2.
3. 3 -
-
(Demand)
(law of Demand)
1. - ()
2. - ()
/. ()
10
20
30
40
50

/. ()

/.

D
50
40
30
20
10
0

10
8
6
4
2

DD -
D
0 4 6 8 10

23

/.


-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(Supply)
( Law of Supply)
1. - ()
2. - ()
/. ()

/.

10
20
30
40
50

/. ()

5
10
15
20
25

50
40
30
20
10
0 S

SS -

5 10 15 20 25

/.

-
-
- ()
-
- -
-
- (Price - Machanism) -
-
-

(Equilibrium Price)
(Equilibrium Quantity)

/. ()

/.

/.

30
25
20
15
10

10
20
30
40
50

50
40
30
20
10

/. ()

S
30
25
20
15
10 S
D
0
10 20 30 40 50

/.

-
(. 20 ) (30 .)
(DD) (SS)
(. 20 ) (30 .)
(/)
(/)

24

 (Consumption)

(Destruction)

(Diminution)
(Distribution)

2
1. () (
)
2. ()
()
(Exchange)

3
(Barter System)

(Money System)
(Credit System)

( 1 )

(National Income : NI)

(National Income : NI)
1
(Per Capital Income) 1

(Gross Natioanl Product : GNP)

1
GNP
GNP (NI)
(Gross Domestic Product : GDP)
1
GDP
GDP
1
1 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1. GDP
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

25


(
)

>

- -

- -

()
-

-
-

( - )

-

-

-

-

()
-

26

1. (Voluntary and Open Membership)

2. (Democratic Member Control)

3. (Member Economic Participation)

4. (Autonomy and Independence)

5. (Education Training and Information)

6. (Cooperation among Cooperative)

7. (Concern for Community)

6 2
1 :
1. -

2. -

3. -

2 :
1. -
2. -

3. - ... .. 2511 10

5
1.
4.
2.
5.
3.

.. 2540

3
1
2

27

1.

2.

3.


4.



5.



5
1. -
2. -

3. -
4. -
5. -

1. -
2. -
3. -

4. -
5. -

. .

3
1.
. 30 : 30 : 30 : 10 100%
1 30
2 30
3 30
4 10
.
.
.
2.
( , )

28

.
.
.

3.

1.
2.
3.

(Money)
3
1. (Coins)
()

2. (Note Currency Bank Note)

3. (Demand Deposits)

(Near Money)


4
1. (Measure of Value)
2. (Medium of Exchange)
3. (Standard of Deferred Payment)
4. (Store of Value)
(Money Supply)
2
(Inflation)
2

3
1. 5

2. 5 - 20
3. 20

1.

2.

()
(Deflation)
2

29


1.

2.








()

(Bank)
2 (Central Bank) (Commercial Bank)
(Central Bank)
2
(Bank of Thailand)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(Commercial Bank) 3
2
3
2

3
1.
2.
3. (.)

3
1.

2.
3.

(5 - 37%) 2
1. (Direct Tax)

30

 () // /

2. (Indirect Tax)
3






()





12


5

.....
1 30 .. 2549
1 .. 2548 30 2549
3
1.
2.
3. ()

2 (Import)
(Export)

1.
2.
3.
4.
(Trade Policy)
2

1. (Free Trade Policy)

2. (Protective Trade Policy)

31

3
1. ()
2. ()
3. ()

1.

2.

3.

2 (Buying) () (Selling)
() 2

1 US. 40 1
US 38

(Balance of Payment)
1
3
1.

2.
3.
3
1. ( )
2. ( )
3. () ()

(International Monetary Fund : IMF)

(World Bank) ..


(European Union : EU) 25


(FTA)

32

 (Association of South East Asia Nations :

ASEAN) 10

(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries : OPEC)
11

(Asian - Pacific Economic Cooperation : APEC)

21

4
1.
2.
3.
4.

1 ( .. 2504 - 2509)



2 ( .. 2510 - 2514)
1 1


3 ( .. 2515 - 2519)
1 - 2


4 ( .. 2520 - 2524)



5 ( .. 2525 - 2529)

( )



6 ( .. 2530 - 2534)

1.3
5

33

 7 ( .. 2535 - 2539)
6
6
1.2
8 ( .. 2540 - 2544)




9 ( .. 2545 - 2549)

10 ( .. 25550 - 2554)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

4 :

.

.

. .

1. ..

2. ..
1181
3. .. 1
2325

1. ..
.. 2005
2. ..
.. 1 .. 610 ..
1153
2
1. 2
1.1
1.2
2. 4
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

34

- 5,000
-
1. (5,000 - .. 476)
1.1
-
-

1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5 ..476 ()
2. (.. 476 - ..1453)
2.1
- ()
1)
(Land Lord)
(Vassal)
- 3
(1)
-
-

-

(2)
(3)

1. ( )
2.
- (MANOR)


2)
1. (Carolingian)

2.

3.
4.

(University)



(Crusade War .. 1096 - 1297)
-

35

1.
2.

3. ( )


4.

5.
-
-
(Renaissance) 14 17
1.
2. (Renaissance)

1.
2.
3.
-
4.

(.. 1453 - 1918)

()

1.
2.
-
-
-
3. ( 17)
4.
5.
(.. 1919 - )
1 2

(Historical Method)

4
1.

2.

3.

4.

36

1.
2.

3. 2
4.

-



.. 1998

5
1.
2. 400
4
2.1
2.2

2.3

2.4
100,000 5

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
3. 10-25 3
3.1

3.2
6
4 2
3.3

1)
2)
4. 7

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
5.

1)
2)

37

3)

-
-
-

-
-
-

4

1.
-
-
2.
-
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1. .. 2413
2. ... ..2413
3. ... .. 2439
4. ... .. 2448 18
2

1. ... ..2417
2. ..2420 1 25
3. ... 124 (..2488)
3.1
3.2 4

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
6
1. ... ..2464 .4
2.
3.
4.
5. ...
6.
7.
8. .. ..
..2475

1. ..2427 5
2.
3. ..2454 ..130

38

1.
2.
3. ()

4.
4.1
4.1.1 ()
4.1.2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
5. 2

1.
2.
3.
4.
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
5.
5.1 4
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.2 3
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
6. 3
( ..2398)
1.
2.
3
3.


4.
4.1

4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
5. 3

6.
7.

39

7.1 ..2369
7.2 .. 2398
7.2.1
7.2.2

7.2.3 3
7.2.4

7.2.5

1.
2.
3.
4

1.
2.

3.

4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4 .. 2447
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6. 5 .. 2416

7.
7.1 .. 2403 4
7.2 .. 2411 2
7.3 .. 2447
7.4 .. 2445
.. 2471
7.5 ..2451
8. .. 2459
9. () .. 2463

10. 6
10.1 5
10.2 1
6
1.
2.
3. .. 2462
4. 1
7
1. 7 .. 2472
2. 7
-
-

40

-
-
.. 2475 2
5.1
- .
-
5.2 .
-

-

5.3 2 2
1)
2)

3)
4)

5)

-
-
( )

C17 - C18

- -

- 3

- .. 1215
- (1649 - 1660)
- (.. 1688)
- C19 th (.. 1867

- .. 1776
-
- 3

- 1789
-
-
- 1870
- 5

41

- ..103
- 130 ( .6 )
- .6
-
- .7
- 2475
- ( . )
- 14 2516
- 6 2519
- 35
-
1.

-
2. (C16 - 18)
-

-
3.
( )

-

-

-
4. 1
-

5. 2
- - -
-
6.
- - -
- - - -
- - -
- -
- -

1.
1.1 15

1.2
1.3
1.4
2.
1.1

1.2
1.3 .. 1882
1.4
- 19

- ..1885

42

- ( ) (
)
1.5
-
3.
1.
-
-

2.
-

-
-

3.
-
-

1 ..2457 - 2561 2
1.
2.
1
1.
4.
2.
5. Triple Alince Tripli Enterte
3.
1
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

2 (..2482 - 2488)
1. 1
4.
2.
5.
3. 6.

2
1.

2.

2
1 2482
3 2482 7 2488
2 8 2484 25 2485

2 2
-
-
-
-
-
-

4
1.
3.
2.
4.

43


24
6
1.
2. 15
3. 54
4. 6
5.
6.

1.
1.1

-
-
1.

()
2.
1) (Shang Dynasty 1776-1122 )
, , ,
2) (Chou Dynasty 1122 - 1249 )

3) (Chin Dynasty 221-206 )

4) (Han Dynasty 206 - .. 220)

5) (Tang Dynasty ..618 - ..907)

6) (Sung Dynasty ..960 - ..127)
, , ,

7) (Yyan Dynasty ..1279 - 1365) 89

8) (Ming Dynasty ..1368 - 1644)

9) (Ching Dynasty ..1644 - 1911)

1.2

1. (2500 - 1500 ) (Dravidian)


2. (1500 - 600 )



3. - (500 - 200 )


4. - (200 - .. 230)

44

5. (..320 - ..550)

6. (..1526 - ..1707)

1.

1.

2. .. 1909
. ..1911
3. 2
.. 1949
4. (1953-1957)
(Commune)
5.
4 , , ,
6. ..1979-1987


1.
C 19
2.

3. 1

4. 2

5.

..1911
1.
2.
3.
4. .. 1904-1905
5.

..1842
-

..1850
-
..18-4-1895 -
..1905
- .
..1909
-

1.
..1949

2.

45

3.

..1889
1.
2.
3. ( ..1867
)

1. .. 1889

2
..1946

2.

3.

5 :

.

.

. .

1.



1. (Physical Maps)

2.
(Cultural Maps)

1. (Geographic Coordinates)

. (Latitude)

1. ( Lat.0)
2. (Lat.23 1/2 N ) -
3. (Lat.23 1/2 S ) -
4. (Lat.66 1/2 N ) -
5. (Lat.66 1/2 S ) -
. (Longitude)
(Prime Meridian)
1. (Long.0) (GMT)
2. (International Date Line) (Long.180)
3. Long.105 E

1.
2.

46

3. 2
2. (Map Projections)



1)
2)
3)
4)
4
1. (Gnomonic Projection)
2. (Bonnes Projection)
3. (Polyconic Projection)
4. (Mercator Projection)
3. (Scale)
3
1. 1:150,000 1
150,000
0
10
20
30
40
50 .
2.
0
1
2
3
4
5 ..
3. 6 ( 1:10,560) 5 1
(1:20,000)
4.
5.
6.
2. ()
12,714
. 12,757 .
(Globe)


3. (diagram)

4.
( )
5. (aerial photography)

6. (satellite imagery)



7. (Global Positioning System - GPS)


8. (Geographic Information System - GIS)

47



Earth Summit
2545

1. 4



2.

16 : .
3. ... .. 2535
(Polluter Pay Principle : PPP)

ISO 14000

CFC

4.

5. .


6.

1. (United Nations Environment Programme : UNEP)

UNEP
2. (United Nations Development Programme : UNDP)

3. (World Food Programme : WFP)

4. (United Nations Population Fund : UNEPA)

1.

2.


3.

4.

48

5.

1.
2.

1. .. 2520
.. 2536
2.
(CITES - )
3.
*
*
4.
(UNFCCC)

5.

6.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

49

2,000,0006,000 B.C.

1.

1.1
1.1.1 2,000,000-
(Paleolithic) 10,000 B.C.

100,000

500,000

200,000-
10,000

. .
. .
.

1.1.2 10,000
(Mesolithic) 6,000 B.C.

10,0004,300

.
.

1.1.3 6,000
(Neolitnic)
4,000 B.C.

4,300
2,000

.
.
.
.

3,5002,500

2,5001,500

4,000 1,200 B.C.

1.2.1 4,0003,000 B.C.
1.2

1.2.2

3,000
1,200 B.C.

1.2.3

1,200 B.C.

50

2.
2.1 3,500 B.C.- ..476

Cuneiform
3,100-30

B.C.

800-336
B.C.

509 B.C... 476

2,5001,500
B.C.

1,7761,122
B.C.

1,500 B.C.

1122-256
B.C.

600-322
B.C.

..380

51

..476

551-479
B.C.

322 - 184
B.C.

184 B.C.- -
.. 320

206 B.C.-
..220

..220 -
280

9 - 18
(..3571,257)

12-16
(..6571057)

16-19
(..10571457)

..14801892
(..12371349)
..1826
(..1283)

.. 320-
535

2.2

..476-1453
..476

..330-1453

..768-814

..843

..900-1300

Feudalism

..535-
1200

..589-
618

..618-
907

52

..10961291

..13371453

..13001600
..1448

.. 1453

2.3

..14531918
..14001648

..15001700

..15001700
..1517

..1200-
1526

..1279-
1368

..1368-
1644

()

..1805
(..1262)

..1293- 2310

(..1350-
1767)

..1981
(..1378)

..1998
(..1455)

..1498

..1511 ..2054

(..1511)

2
1
..1526-

1707

..2112

(..1569)

..2133-
2148

(..1590-

1605)

53

..16181648
..16431715

..16871789

..1688

..17571763
..1760

..17761783

..1789

..1815
..18581945
..18591870
..18701871
..18701900

.. 2135
(..1592)

..1644-
1991

14

..2229

(..1686)

14

..2310

(..1767) 2

..2310-
2325

(..1757-
1782)

..2348
..1840- (..1805)
1842

..2369
2

(..1826)

..1853-
1864
..1857-
1808

54

..2398
(..1855)
..2427 .. 103
(..1884)
..2430-

..19141918

..1858-
1947

..1900

..1904-
1905

..1911

2451

..2435
(..1892) 12

..2448 (..1905)

..2448 ...
(..1905)

..1914- ..2454 .. 130

1918
(..1911)
1

..2460 (..1917)

2.4 ..1918
.. 1919
..19291931
..19331939
..19391945
..1942
..1945
..19451991
..1945

..1937-
1945

2 ..1945

- ..1947
(24

1945)

55

..2464 ...
(..1921)

..2479 5 ..2479 (..1936)

..2475
(..1932)

..2481-
2487

(..1938- .1944)

..2481-
2488
(..19411945)
..2484
(..1941)

..1991

.. 2001

..1948

()

(
)
..1949

..1950-

1953

World Trade
..1966-
1976

..1976

..1989

..1997

..2006

56

..2504
(..1961) 1

..2516 14
(..1973) 2516
..2519 6
(..1976) 2519

..2535 (..1992) 2535

..2549
(..2006) ...

..2550 (..2007)