O-net .

1
C H 4
1. C H O

A D E K ( 1 9 )
3 1
40 2

25 C

25 C

+
E
+
(Hydrogenation)

- D


(/NaOH)
2. (C H O N)
-
(1 4 )
20
8

2
12

-
( 100%)
3.  (C H O)
- (1 4 ) 3
3.1  ()
C5H10O5
C6H12O6
( )
3.2  )
+ =
+ =

36

 + =
3.3  ()

- ()
50,000
-




4. (C H O N P)
DNA 2

(A) (T)
(G) (C)

+ (II)
+ ()
+ ()
+ ()

2 


2.1  . . . .
350-400 oC


2.2  . .
80-95

- O2 CO2 H2O
- O2 CO

2.3
- (CH4) -2
- (C3H8) (C4H10)
LPG ( Liquid Petroleum Gas )

: 100
: 0
75

(MTBE)
-
3 
()

- ( )
- ( )
- PVC
3.1

37





3.2

()
: IR Isoprene Rubber)
: SBR (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber)
3.3  2

2 66

-
-

4

1. -
- ( ------> ------> )
2. -
- ( ------> ------> )
4.1
- (S)

/
- NO2
- SO3, NO2 O3 (smog)
- (Fe2O3)
- () CO2 H2O
-
- (Pb)

- (CaCO3) (CaO)
- /
4.2
1. ( > )
2. ( > )
3. ( > )
4.
5
5.1

5.1.1 
-
-
-

38

5.1.2
- 1
- 2n2 (n = )
- ()

2, 8, 8/18, 8/18/32, , <8

16 18


A Representative 8 8
1
Li Na K Rb Cs Fr
2
Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra
3 (Al) (B)
4 (C) (Si)
5 (N) (P)
6 (O) (S)
7
F Cl Br I At
8
He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn
B Transition 8 10

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
6
6.1
- : NaCl CaO
- : H2 Cl2 CO2 CH4
6.2 1A 2A /
1A 1 +1 Na+

2A 2 +2 Mg2+
6.3 7A (Halogen)
2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 At2
7 1 -1

1A 2A
6.4 8A
: He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn
8
6.5
- 1A/2A
-
6.6
(Al) /
:
:

(Al (SO4)2.12H2O) :
(Si) -

39

6.7

1 4
1.1 :

( )
( 2 )
()

V=U+gt
U -----> V g
U -----> V g
1.2  :
-
-

1.3 :



- 1 (period)
- 1 (frequency)
1.4  (simple harmonic motion)
:

2 3
2.1
2.1.1
()

2.1.2
()



2.1.3

2.2
- ()
- ()


()

40


2.3
9.8
(weight)
3 2
3.1
-
-
4
:
- (Ultrasound)
-
-
:


:

:

3
1.
2.
3.
3

-
- 20 20,000
20 (infrasound)
20,000 (ultrasound)


- 0
- 120
85 8

( )

3.2
7

----------------->
----------------->
3x108 /

2
- (AM : Amplitude Modulation) :
530-1,600
- (FM : Frequency Modulation) :
88-108
AM
FM
FM FM 80

41

 4 
4.1 3
()
()
4
() (2He)

(half life)





4.2  2


- ----->
- ----->
-
-
-
-
-
-


1
1.1. 3
1. 2


2. 2,900 3

( 100 )


3. 2


1.2. 
3
1.  (80%)

2. (15%)

3. (5%)





: ..2538 10

1.2.2. 2



() ()

42







()

() () ()
()
()

2
2.1
.. 2458 .
200-135
2 
135-65 ( + )


1.



2. 3
-

-
()
-

3.

3
3.1 2
-
C-14 K-40
-

3.2 

. . 4
.
200-100
- .
.

43

3.3

4
4.1 (Big Bang)

10-6 (
)
3
300,000 10,000

1,000


1.
2. 2.73

4.2

4.2.1 (Milky Way Galaxy)

2
(
30,000 ) ()

: 1 1 9.5
:
4
1. M-81 (M
(Messier) )
2.
NGC-7479 (NGC The New General Catalogue)
3. M-87
4.

5.1 




(supernova)


5,000
5,000
1.
2. 15
4 1
5 

44


3. 100

15

100

4. 1 100

5.
(black dwarf)
5.2 
6
1
-26.7
x (2.5)x
5.3  7


O
B
A
F
G
K
M

5.4 

6 2
2 (2a 2 )
() p
1/p
6
5,000

99.8

4
1.

2.


3.


4.
: G 6,000
- 8.3
- 20-40

- 11

-

45

 7
7.1
7.91
11.2

..2446



..2469


3 2
()


7.2
- 3

-
-

1
1.1
(Biophere)
-
-
-
10%
90%

1.2
CO2 (Green House Effect)
 CFC, ,

(CFC)
UVC
2

- -
-
-
-
-
-

46



:
:
:
:
2.1  4
2.2.1

-

-
- =
2.2.2 (Facilitated Transport)


2.2.3 (Active Transport)

2.2.4 


- (Endocytosis)
- (Exocytosis)

2.2
2.3.1
2.3.2

(Antidiuretic Hormone / ADH )
2.3.3 -
+ ()
CO2
H pH H+
2.3.4
(Contractile
Vacuole)
:
:

2.3.5 ( 35.8 -37.7 oC)

-


-



3


-  2

1. (phagocyte)

47

2. (lymphocyte)

-
- ( )
-
-


-
4-7
-

4 A B AB O

A
A
B
B
B
A
AB
AB

AB
4
DNA
DNA
2
1 46

- 2

- 4
1 46 23
+ (22 )
A
a ()
+ ( 23) XX XY
C X
X
Xc () 6 (G6PD)
()

A
IABIAA/IABi
B
I IA/IB i
AB
II
O
i i
4.4
4.4.1 (mutation) :
-


4.4.2

4.4.3 
 :
 105 6
15

48

4.5 (Biotechnology)
4.5.1 (Genetic Engineering) : DNA
DNA
GMO
BT BT Bacillus thuringiensis
4.5.2 :
-

-
4.5.3  DNA : ( )

4.5.4 :

(gene therapy)
5
5.1 
5
: :
: :
:
:
:
:
:
: :

1.
1. C, H
2. C, O
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

3. H, O

4. N, O

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
2.
3.

1. 1
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
100 20 30 100
1. 550
2. 650
3. 750
4. 850
(II)
1.
2.
3.
4.

49

9.

10.
11.

12.
13.
14.

15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.

22.
23.
24.

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.
2. CO2 H2O
3.
4.

1.
2. 100
3. 0
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
23
11Na
1. 11
2. 12
11
3. 23
4. 23
Na

1. 126 C
2. 199F
3. 1123Na

1. NaCl
2. KF
3. CaO

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
j
1. :
2. :
3. :
4. :

1. 90%
2. 1
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

50

40
4. 20
Ca

4. CO2

25.
26.

27.

28.
29.

30.

31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.

39.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
+
1. CO2
2. H
3. pH
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4. BCG

1. A
2. B
3. AB
4. O

1.
2.
3.
4. 2

1. 25%
2. 50%
3. 75%
4. 100%

1.
2.
3.
4.

1. A B
2. AB O
3. A O
4. O O

1.
2. -
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

51

40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.

50.
51.

52.
53.
54.

55.
56.
57.
58.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1. -
2. -
3. -
4. -

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1. M-87
2.
3. NGC-7479
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1. -3
2. 0
3. 1
4.

1.
2.
3. -
4.

52

59.
1. 5.82
2. 7.91
3. 11.20
60.

4. 15.47

1.
2.
3. supernova
4.
61.
1.
2.
3.
4.
62.
1. -
2.
3.
4.
63. 90 25
1. 500
2. 625
3. 1825
4. 2250
64. 90 25
2
1. 0.5 2
2. 0.75 2
3. 1.0 2
4. 3.60 2
65. 9.8 5

1. 9.8
2. 19.6
3. 49.0
4. 98.0
66. 40 5
( = 10 )
1. 10
2. 40
3. 80
4. 200
67. 40 10

1. 0.25 Hz 0.25
2. 0.25 Hz 4
3. 4 Hz 0.25
4. 4 Hz 4
68. A B A B

1.
2.
3.
4.
69. 100 1/6
( = 10 )
1. 100
2. 10
3. 600
4. 60
70. 10

12

71.
72.

1. 3
2.
3. 0.4
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

53

4
10

73.
1. 20
2. 20,000
3. 20-20,000
4. 85 8
74.
1.
2.
3.
4.
75.
1.
2.
3.
4.
76.
1.
2.
3.
4.
77.
1.
2.
3.
4.
78.
1.
2.
3.
4.
79. A 32 2 A 0.5
1. 2
2. 6
3. 10
4. 12

54

55

56