ISGF Technology Session

Improving System Reliability through

Automating Rural Feeders and
Substations
Amit Sharma
27
th
April 2012







Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Sectionalizers
Amit Sharma
24
th
Nov 2011
Schneider Electric
3
- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
Overhead Faults
60% - 70% of faults are of a transient (temporary) nature:
Conductors clashing in the wind
Tree branches falling on overhead conductors
Animals or birds getting curious
Careless motor vehicle drivers
Lightning strikes
Operating error : leaving earths connected etc
Some are more permanent:
An auto-reclose cycle should clear the fault
lock out of the section
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
What is a Recloser ?
A Recloser is a protection device:
For overhead power lines
It is a circuit breaker with more arduous
test & install conditions
Designed to RECLOSE on to a fault.
Terminology
The auto-reclose cycle
Will detect a fault and open for a pre-programmed time,
before closing again automatically
This cycle can be repeated 3 times
Lockout typically on the fourth trip
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
What is a Sectionaliser ?
A Sectionaliser is a switch:
It is used in conjunction with an upstream recloser or circuit breaker
It counts the interruption created by a recloser during a fault sequence.

On a preset count
trips during the dead time of the up stream recloser
Isolates a faulty network section
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
Benefit to the Customer
Improved reliability of power supply
Quality of supply
Automatic recloser function - supply restoration after temporary faults
Reduced outage time
Minimise revenue loss
Event Log and Remote control
Reduce cost of fault finding
Better knowledge of the network
Reduction in the number of customer complaints
MV NETWORK
MANAGEMENT
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
- why improve MV distribution?
To obtain the best possible power
quality
The main issue is to reduce
outage time and cost to the utility
and its customers
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
- how can outage time be reduced?
By improving
MV networks:
By improving the MV
networks management:
Large number of short
sections
Redundant networks
Reliable components
With Fault Passage
Indicators (FPIs)
Or with remote
controlled load break
switches
Or with fully automated
reclosers and
sectionalizers
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R
- different types of devices
R2
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
- overhead networks: types of faults
Temporary
faults
Permanent
faults
80% 20%
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
- temporary faults
Temporary faults can be cleared by the
use of Automatic Circuit Reclosers
(ACRs)
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R
- temporary fault: one recloser
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R
15
s
C
O
Time
100%
- temporary fault: one recloser
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R
15
s
C
O
15
s
Time
100%
- temporary fault: one recloser
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R
15
s
C
O
15
s
Time
100%
- temporary fault: one recloser
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R
15
s
C
O
15
s
15
s
Time
100%
- temporary fault: one recloser
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R
15
s
C
O
15
s
15
s
Time
2
mn
100%
- temporary fault: one recloser
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R1
- temporary fault: TWO reclosers
R2
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R1
Network A-
50%
Network B-
50%
Network
B
Time
- temporary fault: TWO reclosers
R2
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
- permanent faults
Permanent faults cannot be cleared by
automatic reclosing
To manage permanent faults, the
best solution is to add some
sectionalizers
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R
5H 6H
100%
- case 1: no network automation
Permanent fault
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R
5H 6H
100%
95%
- case 1: no network automation
Permanent fault
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
R
- case 2: addition of non-communicating fault
passage indicators (FPI)
An FPI for each branch of the network
Add an FPI around
each major
obstacle
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
- case 3: addition of communicating FPIs
R
Put several
communicating
FPIs in strategic
locations
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
- case 4: addition of communicating FPIs and remote
controlled load break switches
R
T
T
T
T
T
remote controlled load break
switches
Communicating FPI
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break
switches
R
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches
S1 = opens after ONE reclosing
operation
S2 = opens after TWO reclosing
operations
S3 = opens after THREE reclosing
operations
S4 = opens after FOUR reclosing
operations
Sectionaliser load break switches are
always associated with a recloser or circuit
breaker:

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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
S4
S3
S3
S2
S1
1 1
1 S2
- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches
R
Permanent fault
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
S4
S3
S3
S2
S1
2 2
2
S2
- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches
R
Permanent fault
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
S4
S3
S3
S2
S1
2 2
2 S2
- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches
R
Permanent fault
2
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
S4
S3
S3
S2
S2
S1
- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches
R
Permanent fault
2 60
75
%
95
%
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
- summary of overhead networks 1/2
Permanent fault
95%
Case 2
A recloser
+ FPIs
3 h
6 h
95%
Case 1
A recloser
95%
Case 3
A recloser
+ FPI with Com
1h30
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
- summary of overhead networks 2/2
Permanent fault
95%
1
h
2
75 %
Case 5
A recloser
and sectionalizers
95%
1
h
10

70 %
Case 4: A recloser,
remote controlled
switches
and FPI with Com
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) can vary from a
few minutes to several hours,
SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) can vary from
1 to 10 and more, depending on :
population density (rural or urban area)
proportion between underground and overhead distribution
maximum accepted costs for non distributed energy

Excellent Average Poor

Urban area
< 10 mn 30 mn >2 hrs
Rural area < 30 mn 2 hrs >10 hrs
Permanent Interruptions (>1 mn)
SAIDI/SAIFI variations Quality Power
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
33/11 KV Unmanned Remote
Controlled S/s
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
Compact, Unmanned, Remote controlled 33/11 KV S/s with
2 transformers each up to 10 MVA.
Half space than a conventional s/s.
Economic as very less civil work.
Saving in execution time and costly land in urban areas app.
Remote regular maintenance.
CB,Current & Voltage sensors are life sealed ,insensitive to the environment.
All types of protection OC,EF,UV,OV,OF,UF,DF, measurement
KW,KWH,KVArH, data logging and event recording & self diagnostic facility
helps to analyze the system and energy consumption.
Delivers quality power.
Automatic callout to the remote control station in case of predefined critical
alarms.
Communication with the remote central control station using GPRS Network
or other media like GSM, 3G, PSTN, Leased Lines, Radio, VSAT etc. using
established and field proven IEC 60870-5-104. Scalable to SCADA.
Sub-station will have a unique aesthetic view in a crowded city.

Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
33/11 KV
unmanned
Remote
controlled s/s
within
25Mx15M
space

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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
33/11 KV s/s at Judges Filed Guwahati with 2 Nos. 5 MVA
Transformers.

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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
33/11 KV S/s at Kamakhya, Guwahati
with 2x5MVA Trfr.
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
Unmanned 33/11 KV , 10 MVA s/s at Nalagarh, HP
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
Pole mounted 11 KV Breakers/AR ( Sub station Application)
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
Channel Mounted 33 KV Breakers (SS Aplication)

Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
Typical layout of 33/11 KV s/s with 2 Nos. 5 MVA Trfr.
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
Architecture GPRS
Future Substations (up to 30 nos. )
14 LCD
Remote Access
to maintenance
staff
ADSL Line
Substation # 1
Ethernet Switch
Leased Line
Breaker
Control
Cubicle
Breaker
Control
Cubicle
Breaker
Control
Cubicle
Breaker
Control
Cubicle
Breaker
Control
Cubicle
Rs232 to
Et hernet
Converters
(If required)
RS 232
or
Ethernet Port
RS 232
NulecDirect
Protocol
RS 232
NulecDirect
Protocol
RS 232
NulecDirect
Protocol
RS 232
NulecDirect
Protocol
1
SEPAM
T-87
Energy
Meters
Twisted Pair Cu
C
A
T

5
RS 485 (Modbus)
2 3 4 n
GPRS Router
Ethernet Switch
Leased Line
C
A
T

5
GPRS Router
14 LCD
Control Center
ADSL Line
M2M
Gateway
GPRS Cloud
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
Architecture ASEB (Judges Field S/S)
GPRS
(DHBVNs Scope)
GPRS M2M Gateway
Leased Line with Static IP
VPN Tunnel
Nulec Direct TCP/Modbus
VPN Tunnel
using Remote Moblie VPN
WSOS
SMS
or
3rd party SCADA
Judges Field S/S
Judges Field S/S

Protocol Gateway
Two way with Dynamic IPs
Service provider independent VPN
Data encryption
Firewall
Scalable to any third party SCADA
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
33KV Remote controlled VCB- substation application
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
33KV substation and feeder breaker
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
33 KV breaker in 33/11 KV S/S with 33/11 KV transformer
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
33KV outdoor VCB Breaker in Pandav-Nagar ( Delhi)
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW
33KV Pole Mounted Breaker protecting a 10 MVA 33/11 KV
Transformer
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW

Make the most
of your energy
Schneider Electric
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- Energy MONTHLY REVIEW


Thank You!!