Class 19

Glycolysis
Read Lehninger 14.1-14.2
pages 528 - 546
Objectives
Describe the importance of glycolysis to living
systems
Memorize the steps of glycolysis
Identify which steps require and input of energy
and which produce energy
Explain the reaction mechanism of key enzymes
Understand the chemical logic of glycolysis

Glyco-lysis: hydrolysis of sugar
Glycolysis
Glucose +2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD
+

2pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H
+

= 85/
Glucose + 60
2
6CO
2
+ 6H
2
O

= 2870/
Glycolysis
Hexokinase

= 16.7/
Phosphohexoseisomerase

= 1.7/
Phosphofructokinase-1

= 14.2/
Aldolase

= 23.8/
Aldolase intermeadiate
Triose phosphate isomerase
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase
Phosphoglycerate kinase
G3P + ADP + Pi + NAD
+
3PG + ATP + NADH + H
+

= 12.2/
Phosphoglycerate kinase
Phosphoglycerate mutase
(bisphosphoglycerate mutase)
(2,3-bisphosphoglycerate)
Enolase
Pyruvate kinase
Chemical logic of glycolysis
Chemical logic of glycolysis
Invest energy to split glucose into two high
energy compounds
Isomerization of glucose to fructose permits
equal splitting to two 3-carbon aldehydes
Oxidize aldehyde to acid and generate a high-
energy, bisphospho compound
Extract energy from bisphospho compounds by
rearrangement and transfer of phospho groups
to ADP

Energetics of glycolysis
Enzyme Yield G G [product] uM
Hexokinase -1 ATP -16.7 -33.5 [G6P] 25
Phosphoglucoseisomerase +1.7 -2.5 [F6] 5.4
Phosphofructokinase-1 -1 ATP -14.2 -22.2 [F1,6P] 4.6
Aldolase +23.9 -1.3 [DHAP] 4.9
Triose phosphate isomerase +7.6 0 [G3P] 2.6
Glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate dehydrogenase
+2 NADH +6.3 (+12.6) -1.7 (-3.4) n/d
Phosphoglycerate kinase +2 ATP -18.8 (-37.6) 0 [3PGA] 61.2
Phosphoglycerate mutase +4.4 (+8.8) 0 [2PGA] 4.3
Enolase -3.2 (-6.4) -3.3 (-6.6) [PEP] 8.8
Pyruvate kinase +2 ATP -31.4 (-62.8) -16.7 (-33.4) [Pyr] 73.5
Net +2 ATP
+2 NADH
-83.1 -102.9 ATP 1128